Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cola nitida

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cola nitida'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cola nitida"

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Akinro, Lawrence, Adenubi Adesoye, and Taiye Fasola. "Genetic diversity in Cola acuminata and Cola nitida using RAPD primers." Genetika 51, no. 1 (2019): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1901227a.

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Cola species constitute an important non-timber forest product. Besides the food value, Cola is rich in numerous phytochemicals, making it more important for its use in both African traditional medicine and potentials in industrial pharmacopoeia. Knowledge about genetic diversity is essential for conservation. In this paper, we reported genetic variability of Cola acuminata and C. nitida germplasm across the Cola - producing states (the rain forest and derived savannah zones) in Nigeria using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fifteen primers which gives an average of 6.5 bands per primer were selected for both species. C. acuminata exhibited a higher level of variation with 71.5% of the detected markers being polymorphic (223 polymorphic alleles), whereas C. nitida presented 58.3% variation with 182 polymorphicalleles. Inter-population differentiation was measured as Jaccard?s similarity coefficient. The mean similarity index amounted to 42.5% in C. acuminata and 46.7% in C. nitida respectively. Results reveal the genetic structure of both species and conservation strategies are suggested.
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Dewole, E. A., D. F. A. Dewumi, J. Y. T. Alabi, and A. Adegoke. "Proximate and Phytochemical of Cola nitida and Cola acuminata." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 16, no. 22 (November 1, 2013): 1593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2013.1593.1596.

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Odutayo, O. I., F. A. Adeyemi, P. O. Adebola, and O. I. Sotimehim. "Compatibility studies in Cola nitida genotypes." Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jpbcs2017.0637.

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Afolabi, B. T., G. C. Agu, and I. B. Onajobi. "Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola (hackel) and Cola nitida (vent) extracts." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 2 (July 16, 2020): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i2.8.

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This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Garcina kola (Orogbo) and Cola nitida (Obi) extracts. Fresh seeds of Cola nitida and Garcinia kola were collected from Ago-Iwoye market, Ogun State. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the test plants were used against selected test organisms, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas euriginosa and Escherichia coli. Disc diffusion method was adopted to test for susceptibility of the selected test bacteria to the extracts. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Bioassay data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The result of the phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoid, phenol, alkaloid, saponins, tannins and phlobatanins. The result of the antibacterial activity showed that the ethanolic extract of the test plants recorded highest antimicrobial activity against test isolates compared to aqueous extracts. The tested plant seeds of both plants posses reasonable antibacterial activity but to varied zones of inhibition, with Staphylococcus aureus isolate having the highest inhibitory zones (21.33) mm while Pseudomonas aeuruginosa had the least inhibitory zone (6.00) mm. The antibacterial activity were however found to be concentration dependent (Fvalue= 3.996, Pvalue= < 0.05). All tested organisms were found to have definite MIC and MBC activities which ranges between 125 and 1000μg/ml for MIC except for Kola nitida that has no definite MBC below 1000μg/ml. The result confirms the potential of antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola and Cola nitida extracts. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Cola nitida, Garcinia kola, Phytochemical, Plant extracts
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Ibu, J. O., Ac Iyama, C. T. Ijije, D. Ishmael, M. Ibeshim, and S. Nwokediuko. "The effect of Cola acuminata and Cola nitida on gastric acid secretion." Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 21, sup124 (January 1986): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365528609093780.

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J., Akinloye A., Illoh H. C., and Olagoke O. A. "Significance of Wood Anatomical Features to the Taxonomy of Five Cola Species." Sustainable Agriculture Research 1, no. 2 (July 4, 2012): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v1n2p21.

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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p>Wood anatomy of five <em>Cola</em> species was investigated to identify and describe anatomical features in search of distinctive characters that could possibly be used in the resolution of their taxonomy. Transverse, tangential and radial longitudinal sections and macerated samples were prepared into microscopic slides. Characteristic similarity and disparity in the tissues arrangement as well as cell inclusions were noted for description and delimitation. All the five <em>Cola</em> species studied had essentially the same anatomical features, but the difficulty posed by the identification of <em>Cola acuminata </em>and <em>Cola nitida</em> when not in fruit could be resolved using anatomical features. <em>Cola acuminata</em> have extensive fibre and numerous crystals relative to <em>Cola nitida</em>,<em> </em>while<em> Cola hispida </em>and <em>Cola millenii</em> are the only species having monohydric crystals. <em>Cola gigantica </em>is the only species that have few xylem fibres while other species have extensive xylem fibre. These features have proved very functional and strongly of diagnostic value in the classification and delimitation of the studied <em>Cola </em>species.</p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>
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Sery, Drolet Jean-Marc, Bouadou Bonsson, Rachel Gnogbo, Nadré Gbedie, Yaya Ouattara, Hyacinthe Legnate, and Zagbahi Jules Keli. "Influence du génotype et du nombre de feuilles sur la croissance en pépinière des boutures du colatier (Cola nitida [Vent.] Schott et Endlicher.)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (February 12, 2020): 3144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.14.

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Malgré son importance socioéconomique, la production ivoirienne de noix de cola est confrontée à plusieurs difficultés. Le manque de techniques culturales éprouvées constitue une des contraintes pour la domestication et la culture du colatier. Il est donc nécessaire de mettre au point des techniques adaptées à l’espèce cultivée. L’objectif de cette étude est d’optimiser la méthode de bouturage sous tunnel du colatier (Cola nitida), face aux inconvénients de la multiplication générative. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé est un Split-Splot avec deux facteurs : le génotype avec cinq modalités (5 génotypes) et le nombre de feuilles avec cinq (05) modalités (1, 2, 3, 4 et 5 feuilles diminuées de moitié). Nous avons le génotype en grande parcelle et le nombre de feuilles en petite parcelle. L’aptitude des génotypes au bouturage a été évaluée à six mois à travers le taux de survie et la mesure des paramètres de croissance et de développement. Le génotype L18A1D9 a montré la meilleure aptitude au bouturage avec un taux de survie de 41,7%. Les boutures avec 4 feuilles diminuées de moitié ont eu le meilleur taux de survie (41,7%), un bon enracinement des boutures vivantes (88,9%), une biomasse totale fraîche (4,2 g) et totale sèche (1,7 g) élevée. Le succès du bouturage sous tunnel du colatier est tributaire du génotype et du nombre de feuilles. Le nombre de feuilles recommandé par bouture est de quatre (4) pour le bouturage du colatier sous tunnel.Mot clés : Bouturage, nombre de feuilles, Cola nitida, génotype. Englsih Title: Influence of genotype and number of leaves on the growth in nurseries of cola cuttings (Cola nitida [Wind.] Schott and Endlicher.)Despite its socio-economic importance, kola nut production faces several challenges. Domestication and cultivation of kola requires the adoption of propagation techniques adapted to the crop species. The objective of this study is to optimize kola (Cola nitida) vegetative propagation by cutting under tunnel. The experimental design used was a split-splot with two factors: genotype with five modalities (5 genotypes,) and leave number with five (05) modalities (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 leaves cut in half). The ability of genotype to cutting propagation was assessed by measuring growth parameters. The survival rate of the cuttings was evaluated at six months. Root growth, number of new leaves, height gain and biomass were subsequently measured. Genotype L18A1D9 has the best ability for vegetative propagation by cuttings with a survival rate of 41.7%. To optimize vegetative propagation by cuttings under tunnel, 4 leaves cut in half by cuttings must be used for acceptable success rate (41.7%), good rooting (88.9%), a high total fresh biomass (4.2 g) and total biomass (1.7g). The success of kola vegetative propagation depends of genotype and the leave number per cutting. The number of leaves per cuttings recommended per cuttings is four (4) for kola vegetative propagation.Keywords: Cuttings, number of leaves, Cola nitida, genotype.
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Atawodi, Sunday Ene-ojo, Beate Pfundstein, Roswitha Haubner, Bertold Spiegelhalder, Helmut Bartsch, and Robert Wyn Owen. "Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in the Nigerian Stimulants Cola nitida ssp.alba, Cola nitida ssp.rubraA. Chev, and Cola acuminata Schott & Endl and Their Antioxidant Capacity." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55, no. 24 (November 2007): 9824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0721038.

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Dantani Dauda Odonye͙͙͙͙͙, Peter Uteh Upla, Adegbe Lucy Ladi, Enoch Peter Odonye, Abisabo Adamu, Peter Adikwu, Mary Isaac Tsaku, Usman Ibrahim Okposhi, Naja’atu Shehu Hadi, and Fatima Yusuf Al-Mustapha. "Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Cola nitida seed on selected bacterial isolates." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.3.0047.

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Kola nut (Cola nitida) is chewed in many West African cultures and it is used ceremonially, industrially, medicinally and economically. The aim of this study was to assess the phytochemical properties and antibacterial activity of Cola nitida seeds. The seeds were purchased, dried and then powdered for phytochemical screening and extraction. Ethanol and aqueous (hot water) extracts were used for this study. The antibacterial activity of each extract at 30 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml was tested on four bacterial isolates; Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. The results revealed the presence of various potent phytochemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides. The zones of inhibition ranged from 0.0 mm to 28.0 mm for both concentrations of the ethanol extract and from 0.0 mm to 31.0 mm for both concentrations of the aqueous extract. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranged from 7.5 mg/ml to 30.0 mg/ml for the ethanol extract and 3.75 mg/ml to 30.0 mg/ml for the aqueous extract. No minimum bactericidal concentration was recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed on the data showed that there were significant differences in the zones of inhibition for each concentration of the extracts (P<0.05). The purified extract of Cola nitida seeds can be used to treat infections caused by these selected bacterial species.
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Lowor, S., P. Aculey, and M. Assuah. "Analysis of some quality indicators in cured Cola nitida (Vent)." Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 1, no. 6 (November 2010): 1206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2010.1.6.1206.1214.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cola nitida"

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Daels, Rakotoarison Dominique Abel. "Extraits polyphenoliques d'aubepine, de cola et d'eglantier : etude phytochimique, et effets sur les metabolismes oxydatifs et proteolytiques des polynucleaires neutrophiles humains (doctorat : pharmacologie et pharmacognosie)." Lille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL2P010.

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Riva, Adriana Rodriguez. "Atividade antibacteriana e antibiofilme do óleo essencial de Cola nitida e do espilantol de Acmella ciliata sobre Streptococcus mitis." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/181585.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Florianópolis, 2017.
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Streptococcus mitis é um microrganismo frequentemente encontrado na cavidade oral, sendo um colonizador primário. Os óleos essenciais (OE) são substâncias de plantas aromáticas conhecidos por suas propriedades antimicrobianas. A busca por novas substâncias que sejam capazes de inibir a formação de biofilmes orais pode levar a importantes alternativas de tratamento. O OE de Cola nitida e a alcamida espilantol foram testados in vitro para verificar a capacidade de inibição de biofilme formado por S. mitis NCIMB 13770, sobre superfícies de discos de titânio. A clorexidina foi usada como controle positivo. Os biofilmes bacterianos foram quantificados mediante o uso de coloração cristal violeta e analisados por o espectrofotômetro a 570 nm. A análise estatística dos resultados foi realizada pelo teste de t-Student, considerando p<0,05 como significância estatística. A Concentração Mínima de Inibição (CMI) foi analisada testando concentrações de 5000 a 0,0001 µg/mL. A CMI foi estabelecida em 87,5 µg/mL para ambas as substâncias testadas. O espilantol demostrou inibição do biofilme O OE de Cola nitida não inibiu nem o crescimento planctônico nem o biofilme. Estes resultados não foram estatisticamente significativos. A Clorexidina demostrou uma inibição de 50,8% para o biofilme e 49,2% para o planctônico, sendo estatisticamente significativo. Estes achados sugerem que o espilantol demostrou atividade antibacteriana e anti-biofilme baixa e Cola nitida não mostrou atividade antibacteriana nem anti-biofilme.
Abstract : S. mitis is a frequent organism in the oral cavity and a primary colonizer. Essential oils (EO) are naturally occurring compounds in aromatic plants, they are known to possess antimicrobial properties. Exploring novel substances to inhibit biofilm formation can lead to important alternative treatment measures. One EO (Cola nitida) and Spilanthol were tested in vitro against S. mitis NCIMB 13770 biofilm using chlorhexidine as a control group on surface of titanium discs. The bacterial biofilms were quantified by crystal violet staining and analyzed with a Spectrophotometer at 570 nm. The statistical analysis of the results was accomplished using the t- Student test, considering p<0,05 statistically significant. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay with concentrations ranging from 5000 to 0.0001 µg/mL. The MIC was estimated as 87.5 µg/mL for the substances tested. The results were not significantly different from the control for spilanthol. The EO of Cola nitida did not inhibit the growth of planktonic bacteria or biofilm. Chlorhexidine showed inhibition of 50,8% for biofilm and 49,2% for planktonic bacteria. These findings suggest that spilanthol displays a low antibacterial and antibiofilm activity and Cola nitida did not showed antibacterial or antibiofilm activity.
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SAMIEE, MAHMOOD. "COLD ELECTRON EMITTERS BASED ON POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116185810.

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Cavalcanti, Indira Moraes Gomes 1988. "Influência da nitretação de superfície de titânio sobre a formação e desenvolvimento de biofilmes multiespécie = Influence of titanium nitride by cold-plasma on formation and development of multiespecies biofilms." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288001.

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Orientador: Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Tratamentos que alteram propriedades de superfície de titânio são realizados em implantes odontológicos visando uma melhor sinalização celular e a neoformação óssea. Porém, em determinadas situações clínicas, as superfícies de titânio expostas ao meio oral recobertas por película adquirida (PA) podem se tornar substratos para o desenvolvimento de biofilmes associados às doenças inflamatórias, como a peri-implantite. Diante desta observação, os objetivos deste estudo foram (i) caracterizar a superfície de titânio nitretada por plasma a frio quanto às propriedades de rugosidade, topografia, composição química e energia livre de superfície (ELS); (ii) determinar o perfil protéico da PA adsorvida às superfícies (iii) avaliar a influência do tratamento de superfície na formação e desenvolvimento de biofilmes multiespécies. Para o estudo, discos de titânio grau IV receberam polimento e acabamento e foram divididos aleatoriamente no grupo controle (Ti) e experimental TiN (nitretado por plasma a frio). As superfícies foram caracterizadas através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e a rugosidade e topografia determinadas pela Microscopia de Força Atômica (n = 4). A ELS foi avaliada pela técnica ácido-base e leitura em goniômetro (n = 9) e a composição química da superfície foi determinada por Espectroscopia Fotoeletrônica de Raios-X (XPS) (n = 4). Em seguida, os discos foram imersos em saliva para formação de PA por 2 horas e novamente a ELS foi determinada (n = 6). O perfil protéico da PA foi determinado por espectrometria de massas LC-MS/MS (n = 18). Um biofilme composto por um fungo e seis bactérias (Candida albicans, Veillonella dispar, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Fusubacterium nucleatum e Actinomyces naeslundii), foi desenvolvido durante 64,5 horas sobre os discos com película. Após este período, os micro-organismos e o biofilme total foram quantificados em células viáveis (n = 12). A topografia e a organização dos biofilmes foram analisadas por MEV e pela microscopia confocal a laser. Os dados de células viáveis e perfil protéico foram avaliados estatisticamente pelo Teste t de Student e os dados de ELS pela análise de variância (ANOVA) de dois fatores seguida pelo teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5 %. Os resultados demonstraram não haver diferença entre as propriedades de rugosidade e topografia entre os grupos e um maior pico de nitrogênio foi detectado na composição química da superfície nitretada. O tratamento não alterou a ELS, que aumentou apenas na presença de PA (p < 0.001). Diferentes proteínas se adsorveram a superfície nitretada. A quantidade de células viáveis do biofilme formado nas duas superfícies foi semelhante (p = 0.416), confirmado pelas microscopias, porém Fusobacterium nucleatum e Streptococcus oralis foram quantificados em maior número nos biofilmes do grupo TiN. Conclui-se que a nitretação por plasma a frio não alterou as propriedades de superfície de titânio e não influenciou a quantidade de biofilme formado. Porém, a superfície nitretada aumentou as contagens de Fusobacterium nucleatum e Streptococcus oralis e selecionou diferentes proteínas na PA
Abstract: Surface treatments that alter titanium properties titanium are performed on dental implants in order to improve the cell signalization and bone formation. Although, in certain clinical situations, the surfaces exposed to oral cavity covered by acquired-pellicle (AP) may become substrates for development of biofilms associated with inflammatory diseases as periimplantitis. Given this observation, the aims of this study were (i) to characterize the surface properties of titanium nitride by cold plasma as roughness, topography, chemical composition and surface free energy (SFE), (ii) determine the protein profile of AP adsorbed to the surfaces (iii) evaluate the influence of surface treatment on formation and development of multispecies biofilms. For the study, titanium discs grade IV received polish and finish and were randomly allocated to control (Ti) and experimental TiN (nitride by cold-plasma) groups. The surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and roughness and topography determined by Atomic Force Microscopy (n = 4). The SFE was evaluated using the acid-base technique and read in goniometer (n = 9). The surface chemical composition was determined by x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) (n = 4). Then, the discs were immersed in saliva for AP formation per 2 hours and again the SFE was determined (n = 6). The AP protein profile was determined by mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS (n = 18). A biofilm composed by five bacteria and one fugal (Candida albicans, Veillonella dispar, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii and Fusobacterium nucleatum) was conducted for 64.5 hours on coated-discs. After this period, the viable cells of biofilms were determined (n = 12). The biofilms topography and organization were analyzed by SEM and by confocal laser microscopy. The data of viable cells and protein profile were evaluated statistically by Student's t test and SFE data by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed no difference between the properties of roughness and topography in groups. A high peak of nitrogen was detected in the chemical composition of the nitride surface. The treatment did not alter the SFE, that increased in the presence of AP (p <0.001). Different protein adsorbed to nitride surface. The amount of viable cells in the biofilm formed on both surfaces was similar (p = 0.416), confirmed by microscopies. The number of viable cells of Streptococcus oralis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were higher in TiN. It was concluded that the cold plasma nitriding did not alter the titanium surface properties and did not affect the amount of biofilm. However, it increased the counts of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus oralis and selected different proteins in AP
Mestrado
Protese Dental
Mestra em Clínica Odontológica
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Tria, Saoussen. "Elaboration par mécanosynthèse et caractérisations d'alliages à mémoire de forme NiTi : application microsystèmes." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BELF0155.

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Les travaux de recherches développés dans cette thèse concernent la réalisation de couchesminces, à partir de l’alliage à mémoire de forme (AMF) NiTi mécanoélaboré et de structurenanocristalline, en vue de leur intégration dans des microsystèmes. Le but est d’améliorer lespropriétés AMF de leurs homologues de structure microcristalline, dits conventionnels.Les techniques de caractérisation physico-chimiques (DRX, MET, MEB) nous ont permisd’une part, de suivre le mécanisme de formation de l’intermétallique B2-NiTi en fonction dutemps de broyage et d’autre part, de déterminer les paramètres microstructuraux à savoir, lataille des cristallites, le taux de microdéformations et la densité de dislocations des élémentspurs ainsi que ceux de la phase B2-NiTi. Ces paramètres révèlent le caractère nanocristallin etdésordonné des poudres broyées.Par ailleurs, nous avons fabriqué pour la première fois une cible B2-NiTi de structurenanocristalline, par l’intermédiaire d’une méthode alternative (mécanosynthèse et procédé deprojection à froid).Nous avons montré également qu’il est possible de déposer sous forme de couche mincel’intermétallique NiTi nanostructuré. Ce film mince d’épaisseur 447 nm a été déposé parpulvérisation cathodique à magnétron à partir de la cible élaborée par projection à froid (coldspray)
The research work developed in this thesis is related to preparing a thin film of NiTi shapememory alloy used to integrate into microsystems. The goal is to improve the properties oftheir counterparts of microcrystalline structure (conventional target).Physical and chemical techniques of characterization (XRD, TEM and SEM) have allowed onthe one hand, to follow the mechanism of intermetallic NiTi formation as a function ofmilling time and on the other hand, to determine the microstructural parameters : crystallitesize, the microstrain and dislocation density of the pure elements and the B2-NiTi phase.These parameters reveal the character of the disordered nanocrystalline of the milled powders.Furthermore, we fabricated a target of B2-NiTi nanocrystalline structure by an alternativemethod (mechanical alloying and cold spray).We also showed that it is possible to deposit the nanocrystalline NiTi intermetallic thin film.This film with a thickness of about 447 nm was deposited by magnetron sputtering techniquefrom the NiTi target
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Gradin, Henrik. "Heterogeneous Integration of Shape Memory Alloysfor High-Performance Microvalves." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mikrosystemteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-94088.

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This thesis presents methods for fabricating MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) actuators and high-flow gas microvalves using wafer-level integration of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) in the form of wires and sheets. The work output per volume of SMA actuators exceeds that of other microactuation mechanisms, such as electrostatic, magnetic and piezoelectric actuation, by more than an order of magnitude, making SMA actuators highly promising for applications requiring high forces and large displacements. The use of SMAs in MEMS has so far been limited, partially due to a lack of cost efficient and reliable wafer-level integration approaches. This thesis presents new methods for wafer-level integration of nickel-titanium SMA sheets and wires. For SMA sheets, a technique for the integration of patterned SMA sheets to silicon wafers using gold-silicon eutectic bonding is demonstrated. A method for selective release of gold-silicon eutectically bonded microstructures by localized electrochemical etching, is also presented. For SMA wires, alignment and placement of NiTi wires is demonstrated forboth a manual approach, using specially built wire frame tools, and a semiautomatic approach, using a commercially available wire bonder. Methods for fixing wires to wafers using either polymers, nickel electroplating or mechanical silicon clamps are also shown. Nickel electroplating offers the most promising permanent fixing technique, since both a strong mechanical and good electrical connection to the wire is achieved during the same process step. Resistively heated microactuators are also fabricated by integrating prestrained SMA wires onto silicon cantilevers. These microactuators exhibit displacements that are among the highest yet reported. The actuators also feature a relatively low power consumption and high reliability during longterm cycling. New designs for gas microvalves are presented and valves using both SMA sheets and SMA wires for actuation are fabricated. The SMA-sheet microvalve exhibits a pneumatic performance per footprint area, three times higher than that of previous microvalves. The SMA-wire-actuated microvalve also allows control of high gas flows and in addition, offers benefits of lowvoltage actuation and low overall power consumption.
QC 20120514
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Drehmann, Rico. "Haftmechanismen kaltgasgespritzter Aluminiumschichten auf keramischen Oberflächen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-229668.

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Aluminiumschichten werden durch Kaltgasspritzen auf fünf verschiedene poly- und monokristalline keramische Werkstoffe (Al2O3 , AlN, SiC, Si3N4 , MgF2 ) appliziert. Dabei erfolgt eine Variation der Substrattemperatur und der Partikelgröße. Ausgewählte Proben werden einer nachfolgenden Wärmebehandlung unterzogen. Die im Fokus der Arbeit stehende Erforschung der an der Grenzfläche zwischen Aluminium und Keramik wirkenden Haftmechanismen erfolgt sowohl mithilfe einer mechanischen Charakterisierung (Stirnzugversuche) als auch durch verschiedene mikroskopische, spektroskopische und hochauflösende Methoden. Die Bewertung der Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigt, dass im Allgemeinen ein Anstieg der Haftzugfestigkeit mit steigender Substrat- und Wärmebehandlungstemperatur sowie mit zunehmender thermischer Effusivität des Substratwerkstoffs zu verzeichnen ist. Eine vergleichbare Auswirkung hat innerhalb bestimmter Grenzen die Zunahme der Partikelgröße. Mit der Heteroepitaxie wird neben der mechanischen Verklammerung ein weiterer wichtiger Haftmechanismus kaltgasgespritzter metallischer Schichten auf keramischen Substraten identifiziert. Die Ausbildung von quasiadiabatischen Scherbändern und statische Rekristallisationsprozesse wirken dabei als wichtige begleitende Mechanismen. Als Nachweis für heteroepitaktisches Wachstum ist die Existenz von (annähernd) parallelen, senkrecht oder geneigt zur Grenzfläche stehenden Ebenenpaaren, die eine geringe Gitterfehlanpassung aufweisen, zu werten. Der Vergleich mit PVD-Schichten zeigt, dass in Bezug auf die Orientierung von Gitterebenen verschiedene Mechanismen der Heteroepitaxie existieren, die von der atomaren Mobilität des Beschichtungswerkstoffs bestimmt werden.
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Braun, Stefan. "Wafer-level heterogeneous integration of MEMS actuators." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11833.

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Ornek, Cem. "Performance characterisation of duplex stainless steel in nuclear waste storage environment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/performance-characterisation-of-duplex-stainless-steel-in-nuclear-waste-storage-environment(4db73e9b-c87c-40a6-9778-0b823b1c499f).html.

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The majority of UK’s intermediate level radioactive waste is currently stored in 316L and 304L austenitic stainless steel containers in interim storage facilities for permanent disposal until a geological disposal facility has become available. The structural integrity of stainless steel canisters is required to persevere against environmental degradation for up to 500 years to assure a safe storage and disposal scheme. Hitherto existing severe localised corrosion observances on real waste storage containers after 10 years of exposure to an ambient atmosphere in an in-land warehouse in Culham at Oxfordshire, however, questioned the likelihood occurrence of stress corrosion cracking that may harm the canister’s functionality during long-term storage. The more corrosion resistant duplex stainless steel grade 2205, therefore, has been started to be manufactured as a replacement for the austenitic grades. Over decades, the threshold stress corrosion cracking temperature of austenitic stainless steels has been believed to be 50-60°C, but lab- and field-based research has shown that 304L and 316L may suffer from atmospheric stress corrosion cracking at ambient temperatures. Such an issue has not been reported to occur for the 2205 duplex steel, and its atmospheric stress corrosion cracking behaviour at low temperatures (40-50°C) has been sparsely studied which requires detailed investigations in this respect. Low temperature atmospheric stress corrosion cracking investigations on 2205 duplex stainless steel formed the framework of this PhD thesis with respect to the waste storage context. Long-term surface magnesium chloride deposition exposures at 50°C and 30% relative humidity for up to 15 months exhibited the occurrence of stress corrosion cracks, showing stress corrosion susceptibility of 2205 duplex stainless steel at 50°C.The amount of cold work increased the cracking susceptibility, with bending deformation being the most critical type of deformation mode among tensile and rolling type of cold work. The orientation of the microstructure deformation direction, i.e. whether the deformation occurred in transverse or rolling direction, played vital role in corrosion and cracking behaviour, as such that bending in transverse direction showed almost 3-times larger corrosion and stress corrosion cracking propensity. Welding simulation treatments by ageing processes at 750°C and 475°C exhibited substantial influences on the corrosion properties. It was shown that sensitisation ageing at 750°C can render the material enhanced susceptible to stress corrosion cracking at even low chloride deposition densities of ≤145 µm/cm². However, it could be shown that short-term heat treatments at 475°C can decrease corrosion and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility which may be used to improve the materials performance. Mechanistic understanding of stress corrosion cracking phenomena in light of a comprehensive microstructure characterisation was the main focus of this thesis.
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Sephton, Michelle. "Strengthening of a cold worked 17% chromium ferritic stainless steel by heat treatment." Diss., 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29989.

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Slat-band chains are used as conveyors by the food industry, breweries and bottling plants. The operating conditions require abrasion resistance and strength which are at the limit of the capabilities of the current material of choice, cold worked type 430. In an unconventional way of strengthening this material, Mintek developed a process in which the cold worked material is aged between 450°C and 500°C. The present work aims to elucidate the strengthening mechanism, using type 430 stainless steel containing 16.42% Cr and 0.036% C, in the cold-rolled condition (38% reduction in area), with and without prior solution heat treatment. The Cr-rich precipitate α" may form in the 450°C to 500°C range (due to the miscibility gap in the Fe-Cr system), resulting in the increased hardness and lowered ductility. Mossbauer studies confirmed that the α", at this composition and temperature, forms through the process of nucleation and growth. Hardening due to α" precipitation was only observed after aging for 64 hours or more, however. After increasing the dissolved interstitial content by solution heat treatments (in the vicinity of 900°C), increases in Vickers hardness of 30-50 kg/mm2 could be obtained after only 8 minutes at 475°C. This hardness increase corresponds to an increase in tensile strength of more than 100 MPa. The increased hardness does not appear to be caused by strain aging, and presumably results from fine carbide or nitride precipitation. Solution treatment at 930°C also introduced some martensite (α') into the microstructure, which raised the hardness of the unaged cold worked material. Overaging of the carbide and nitride precipitates was observed at 475°C, but not at 450°C, probably due to the lower diffusion rates at the lower temperature. No averaging of the α" precipitates occurred, for aging times up to 2072 hours. Samples aged for selected periods of time at 475°C had low impact strengths - even well before the formation of α" - and revealed predominantly cleavage fracture with some ductile fracture areas, mostly at grain boundaries. Both impact strength and lateral expansion indicated that embrittlement accompanies the increased hardness obtained by aging. Calculation of critical crack lengths from the impact data, however, revealed that a maximum flaw length of 0.8 mm, for specimens solution treated at 880°C, could be tolerated before catastrophic failure. Since it is not expected that flaws of that size would exist in the as manufactured links, fatigue will probably determine the lifetime of the chains, although the lower K1c values indicate that less crack propagation will be tolerated before brittle fracture. During the aging treatment, the strength may be lowered by recrystallisation of the coldworked material. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the start of recovery, but no recrystallisation. Some large precipitates (around lμm in diameter) were present. These were identified, through their diffraction patterns, as M23C6; these carbides were present in both aged and unaged material and hence represent precipitates which had not dissolved during the initial solution treatments. The α" precipitates- and the presumed newly formed nitride and carbide precipitates - were too fine for detection by TEM. Potentiodynamic testing of the treated material in a 0.5M H2SO4 solution indicated that, although the probable hardening mechanisms imply localised Cr depletion of the matrix, the general corrosion resistance and passivation behaviour were not affected. It is concluded that the strength of the chain may be increased markedly by short-term heat treatments at 475°C, with lowered toughness, but with no decrease in corrosion resistance. Martensite, work hardening, and precipitation of carbides and nitrides all contribute to the final strength, with α" formation only becoming significant after longer aging times.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
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Books on the topic "Cola nitida"

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Schuster, Bernd. Cola: Homoeopathic proving of Cola nitida. Weilburg,Germany: Verlag für Höopathie, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cola nitida"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Cola nitida." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 124. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2310.

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Lim, T. K. "Cola nitida." In Edible Medicinal And Non Medicinal Plants, 175–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2534-8_23.

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Uche, Asogwa Evarestus, and Theophilus Chinyere Nkasiobi Ndubuaku. "Management of Insect Pests of Cola nitida and C. acumunata Schott and Endl Nuts (Balanogastris kolae and Sophrorhinus spp. – Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with Plant-Based Natural Products." In Biopesticides in Organic Farming, 157–62. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003027690-38.

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Li, Jun Tao, Yan Jun Zheng, and Li Shan Cui. "Comparative Study of Recovery Strains in Severely Cold-Deformed NiTi." In Materials Science Forum, 2229–32. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-432-4.2229.

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Dinda, Guru Prasad, Harald Rösner, and Gerhard Wilde. "Crystal Refinement by Cold Rolling in NiTi Shape Memory Alloys." In Solid State Phenomena, 55–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-02-7.55.

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Mitwally, Mohamed Elwi, and Mahmoud Farag. "Effect of Cold Work on the Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 59–70. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470538357.ch6.

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Koike, J., and H. W. Sizek. "Tensile Behavior of Cold-Rolled NiTi having an Amorphous-Crystalline Composite Microstructure." In Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Materials Having Ultra-Fine Microstructures, 323–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1765-4_19.

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Malgot, Jozef, and Frantisek Baliak. "Influence of Underground Coal Mining on the Environment in Horna Nitra Deposits in Slovakia." In Engineering Geology for Infrastructure Planning in Europe, 694–700. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39918-6_76.

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"Cola nitida (Vent.) A. Chev." In American Herbal Pharmacopoeia, 318–20. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10413-43.

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Duke, James A. "COLA NITIDA (Vent.) Schott and Endlicher (STERCULIACEAE) — Gbanja Kola." In Handbook of Nuts, 110–12. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203752685-40.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cola nitida"

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Pillai, R., D. Starikov, C. Boney, and A. Bensaoula. "Hardened planar nitride based cold cathode electron emitter." In Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices VII. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.909587.

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Kobayashi, Masanori, Hidetoshi Miyashita, and Takahito Ono. "Cold cathode array coated with cubic boron nitride." In 2013 26th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivnc.2013.6624730.

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Choi, Eunsoo, Tae-hyun Nam, Man-Cheol Kim, Jong Wan Hu, Bak-Soon Cho, and Soon-Jong Yoon. "Recovery and Residual Stress of Shape Memory Alloy Wires and Its Application." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1267.

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Two kinds of shape memory alloy wires, NiTiNb and NiTi, are manufactured and pre-elongated during the manufacturing process. After fixing the pre-elongated wires, heating on the wires induces recovery stress on them. Several tests to measure the recovery stress are conducted with varying initial strains. Stress-reduction of the recovery stress is observed after the temperature of the wires is cold down; the remaining stress is called residual stress that is also measured. Also, this study measures the stress-strain curves of the SMA wires under the state that the residual stress is working. The tension behavior of the wires under residual stress is very unique. The NiTi is martensitic state at room temperature, thus a residual deformation remains after applying a large strain. However, under residual stress, the tensile behavior of the wire does not remain residual deformation and return to the original position by unloading; this looks like viscoelastic behavior. The residual stress of the SMA wires can be used as active confinement for civil structures and the behavior under residual stress can be used as like an elastic spring with hysteretic damping. This study confines concrete cylinders and reinforced concrete columns using the pre-elongated SMA wires to introduce an active confinement on them. The SMA wire jackets on concrete cylinders increase the peak strength and the ductility so much comparing to the plain concrete cylinders. Also, the wires on reinforced concrete columns increase the ductility so much without the reduction of flexural strength.
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Hattori, Mitsuru, Masaaki Masuda, and Tadao Ozawa. "Development of Ceramic Gas Turbine Components for CGT301 in Moonlight Project." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-065.

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Development of ceramic components for a 300kW recuperative single-shaft ceramic gas turbine, a program in the Moonlight Projects, is being conducted by the New Energy and Industrial Organization (NEDO). Along with its program, NGK has made technical efforts in cooperation with Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI) since 1988. In this paper, the strength of the NGK silicon nitride turbine blade is discussed. Bending strength was checked with specimens cut from the turbine blades, and specifically, cold spin tests were conducted with ceramic turbine blades having three configurations. The silicon nitride was found promising for ceramic gas turbine applications, however, there are some issues to be solved prior to prototype engine tests.
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"Structural properties and surface characteristics of cesiated carbon nitride thin films for cold electron emitter." In 10th International Conference on Vacuum Microelectronics. IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivmc.1997.627647.

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Echeverría, Marco J., Pedro O. Quintero, Dimeji Ibitayo, and Lauren Boteler. "Numerical Approach to Cold Gas Spray on Ceramic Substrates for Power Electronics Packaging." In ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2018-8279.

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In power electronic, ceramic substrates are used owing to their high thermal conductivity and dielectric strength. These substrates cannot withstand high voltages in the range of 20kV because thickness limitations inherit from the direct bond copper manufacturing method. This manufacturing process uses high temperature in order to bond the material layers. This negatively affects the material’s reliability due to the differing materials thermal expansion coefficients and the resulting residual stress. All this results in hindering the ceramic substrate in obtaining a higher dielectric strength. In contrast, cold gas spray has the potential to provide higher reliability due to its bonding mechanism, which relies on plastic deformation of solid particles at very high strain rates during impact to create a mechanical bond, forming a thick deposit. However, cold gas spray on ceramics has not been widely studied due to their brittleness and their inability to form a metallic bond. This work is aimed at providing an effective processing parameter map of the cold gas spray process to achieve a thick copper deposit on aluminum nitride on the basis of the comparison of experimental results with a numerical model and finite element simulation formulated in Mathematica and ABAQUS, respectively.
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Choi, Eunsoo, Dong Joo Kim, Young-Soo Chung, and Chungsung Jung. "Crack-Curing of Concrete Beams Using Cold-Drawn SMA Reinforcing Fibers." In ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2014-7646.

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This study used NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wires of 1.0 mm diameter to manufacture reinforcing fibers for cement composite. The wires were elongated by a cold drawing method which also reduced the diameter to 0.965 mm. This study prepared two types of SMA fibers such as straight and dog-bone-shaped. For bending tests, three concrete beams with a dimension of 40 mm × 400 mm × 200 mm (B×H×L) were prepared for each type of specimen. Three points bending tests were conducted. After cracking, the beams were heated at the bottom by fire frame and, then, the recovery stress in the SMA fibers developed. This stress closed the cracks, and the widths of cracks were measured. The SMA fibers, in particular don-bone shaped, were effective to close cracks and will be used for crack-curing of concrete beams.
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Lui, Clarissa, Magnus Bergkvist, Carl Batt, and Thomas Sato. "Quantification of flagellar response of single-cell E. coli to chemotactic agents using microfabricated silicon nitride cantilevers." In 2008 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2008.4716721.

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Barth, Christopher, Juan Colmenares, Thomas Foulkes, Keith Coulson, Jesus Sotelo, Tomas Modeer, Nenad Miljkovic, and Robert C. N. Pilawa-Podgurski. "Experimental evaluation of a 1 kW, single-phase, 3-level gallium nitride inverter in extreme cold environment." In 2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.2017.7930773.

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Kang, Sangkyun, James P. Johnston, Toshiyuki Arima, Minoru Matsunaga, Hideaki Tsuru, and Fritz B. Prinz. "Micro-Scale Radial-Flow Compressor Impeller Made of Silicon Nitride: Manufacturing and Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38933.

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A micro-scale, high-speed compressor impeller (12mm diameter, 800,000 rpm) was tested for feasibility in regard to aerodynamic performance. The compressor was designed for application in a fist-sized gas-turbine-generator. To survive high stresses at such high temperatures, the rotor was manufactured as a single turbine/compressor/shaft unit in silicon nitride, by the Mold SDM process. Performance testing was conducted in a cold-flow rig at reduced speed of 420,000 rpm. Results from a CFD code compared favorably to measured data at this speed. Extrapolation from test conditions to full design speed was accomplished by application of CFD applied at both speeds.
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Reports on the topic "Cola nitida"

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Van Noord, Jon, Brian Gilchrist, Roy Clarke, Pedro A. Encarnacion, and Hannah Goldberg. The Use of Boron Nitride for Improved Cold-Cathode Electron Field Emission Technology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada426331.

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