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Journal articles on the topic 'Cola nitida'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Akinro, Lawrence, Adenubi Adesoye, and Taiye Fasola. "Genetic diversity in Cola acuminata and Cola nitida using RAPD primers." Genetika 51, no. 1 (2019): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1901227a.

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Cola species constitute an important non-timber forest product. Besides the food value, Cola is rich in numerous phytochemicals, making it more important for its use in both African traditional medicine and potentials in industrial pharmacopoeia. Knowledge about genetic diversity is essential for conservation. In this paper, we reported genetic variability of Cola acuminata and C. nitida germplasm across the Cola - producing states (the rain forest and derived savannah zones) in Nigeria using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fifteen primers which gives an average of 6.5 bands per primer were selected for both species. C. acuminata exhibited a higher level of variation with 71.5% of the detected markers being polymorphic (223 polymorphic alleles), whereas C. nitida presented 58.3% variation with 182 polymorphicalleles. Inter-population differentiation was measured as Jaccard?s similarity coefficient. The mean similarity index amounted to 42.5% in C. acuminata and 46.7% in C. nitida respectively. Results reveal the genetic structure of both species and conservation strategies are suggested.

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2

Dewole, E. A., D. F. A. Dewumi, J. Y. T. Alabi, and A. Adegoke. "Proximate and Phytochemical of Cola nitida and Cola acuminata." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 16, no. 22 (November 1, 2013): 1593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2013.1593.1596.

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3

Odutayo, O. I., F. A. Adeyemi, P. O. Adebola, and O. I. Sotimehim. "Compatibility studies in Cola nitida genotypes." Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jpbcs2017.0637.

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4

Afolabi, B. T., G. C. Agu, and I. B. Onajobi. "Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola (hackel) and Cola nitida (vent) extracts." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 2 (July 16, 2020): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i2.8.

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This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Garcina kola (Orogbo) and Cola nitida (Obi) extracts. Fresh seeds of Cola nitida and Garcinia kola were collected from Ago-Iwoye market, Ogun State. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the test plants were used against selected test organisms, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas euriginosa and Escherichia coli. Disc diffusion method was adopted to test for susceptibility of the selected test bacteria to the extracts. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Bioassay data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The result of the phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoid, phenol, alkaloid, saponins, tannins and phlobatanins. The result of the antibacterial activity showed that the ethanolic extract of the test plants recorded highest antimicrobial activity against test isolates compared to aqueous extracts. The tested plant seeds of both plants posses reasonable antibacterial activity but to varied zones of inhibition, with Staphylococcus aureus isolate having the highest inhibitory zones (21.33) mm while Pseudomonas aeuruginosa had the least inhibitory zone (6.00) mm. The antibacterial activity were however found to be concentration dependent (Fvalue= 3.996, Pvalue= < 0.05). All tested organisms were found to have definite MIC and MBC activities which ranges between 125 and 1000μg/ml for MIC except for Kola nitida that has no definite MBC below 1000μg/ml. The result confirms the potential of antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola and Cola nitida extracts. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Cola nitida, Garcinia kola, Phytochemical, Plant extracts

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5

Ibu, J. O., Ac Iyama, C. T. Ijije, D. Ishmael, M. Ibeshim, and S. Nwokediuko. "The effect of Cola acuminata and Cola nitida on gastric acid secretion." Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 21, sup124 (January 1986): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365528609093780.

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6

J., Akinloye A., Illoh H. C., and Olagoke O. A. "Significance of Wood Anatomical Features to the Taxonomy of Five Cola Species." Sustainable Agriculture Research 1, no. 2 (July 4, 2012): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v1n2p21.

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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p>Wood anatomy of five <em>Cola</em> species was investigated to identify and describe anatomical features in search of distinctive characters that could possibly be used in the resolution of their taxonomy. Transverse, tangential and radial longitudinal sections and macerated samples were prepared into microscopic slides. Characteristic similarity and disparity in the tissues arrangement as well as cell inclusions were noted for description and delimitation. All the five <em>Cola</em> species studied had essentially the same anatomical features, but the difficulty posed by the identification of <em>Cola acuminata </em>and <em>Cola nitida</em> when not in fruit could be resolved using anatomical features. <em>Cola acuminata</em> have extensive fibre and numerous crystals relative to <em>Cola nitida</em>,<em> </em>while<em> Cola hispida </em>and <em>Cola millenii</em> are the only species having monohydric crystals. <em>Cola gigantica </em>is the only species that have few xylem fibres while other species have extensive xylem fibre. These features have proved very functional and strongly of diagnostic value in the classification and delimitation of the studied <em>Cola </em>species.</p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

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7

Sery, Drolet Jean-Marc, Bouadou Bonsson, Rachel Gnogbo, Nadré Gbedie, Yaya Ouattara, Hyacinthe Legnate, and Zagbahi Jules Keli. "Influence du génotype et du nombre de feuilles sur la croissance en pépinière des boutures du colatier (Cola nitida [Vent.] Schott et Endlicher.)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (February 12, 2020): 3144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.14.

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Malgré son importance socioéconomique, la production ivoirienne de noix de cola est confrontée à plusieurs difficultés. Le manque de techniques culturales éprouvées constitue une des contraintes pour la domestication et la culture du colatier. Il est donc nécessaire de mettre au point des techniques adaptées à l’espèce cultivée. L’objectif de cette étude est d’optimiser la méthode de bouturage sous tunnel du colatier (Cola nitida), face aux inconvénients de la multiplication générative. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé est un Split-Splot avec deux facteurs : le génotype avec cinq modalités (5 génotypes) et le nombre de feuilles avec cinq (05) modalités (1, 2, 3, 4 et 5 feuilles diminuées de moitié). Nous avons le génotype en grande parcelle et le nombre de feuilles en petite parcelle. L’aptitude des génotypes au bouturage a été évaluée à six mois à travers le taux de survie et la mesure des paramètres de croissance et de développement. Le génotype L18A1D9 a montré la meilleure aptitude au bouturage avec un taux de survie de 41,7%. Les boutures avec 4 feuilles diminuées de moitié ont eu le meilleur taux de survie (41,7%), un bon enracinement des boutures vivantes (88,9%), une biomasse totale fraîche (4,2 g) et totale sèche (1,7 g) élevée. Le succès du bouturage sous tunnel du colatier est tributaire du génotype et du nombre de feuilles. Le nombre de feuilles recommandé par bouture est de quatre (4) pour le bouturage du colatier sous tunnel.Mot clés : Bouturage, nombre de feuilles, Cola nitida, génotype. Englsih Title: Influence of genotype and number of leaves on the growth in nurseries of cola cuttings (Cola nitida [Wind.] Schott and Endlicher.)Despite its socio-economic importance, kola nut production faces several challenges. Domestication and cultivation of kola requires the adoption of propagation techniques adapted to the crop species. The objective of this study is to optimize kola (Cola nitida) vegetative propagation by cutting under tunnel. The experimental design used was a split-splot with two factors: genotype with five modalities (5 genotypes,) and leave number with five (05) modalities (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 leaves cut in half). The ability of genotype to cutting propagation was assessed by measuring growth parameters. The survival rate of the cuttings was evaluated at six months. Root growth, number of new leaves, height gain and biomass were subsequently measured. Genotype L18A1D9 has the best ability for vegetative propagation by cuttings with a survival rate of 41.7%. To optimize vegetative propagation by cuttings under tunnel, 4 leaves cut in half by cuttings must be used for acceptable success rate (41.7%), good rooting (88.9%), a high total fresh biomass (4.2 g) and total biomass (1.7g). The success of kola vegetative propagation depends of genotype and the leave number per cutting. The number of leaves per cuttings recommended per cuttings is four (4) for kola vegetative propagation.Keywords: Cuttings, number of leaves, Cola nitida, genotype.

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8

Atawodi, Sunday Ene-ojo, Beate Pfundstein, Roswitha Haubner, Bertold Spiegelhalder, Helmut Bartsch, and Robert Wyn Owen. "Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in the Nigerian Stimulants Cola nitida ssp.alba, Cola nitida ssp.rubraA. Chev, and Cola acuminata Schott & Endl and Their Antioxidant Capacity." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55, no. 24 (November 2007): 9824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0721038.

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9

Dantani Dauda Odonye͙͙͙͙͙, Peter Uteh Upla, Adegbe Lucy Ladi, Enoch Peter Odonye, Abisabo Adamu, Peter Adikwu, Mary Isaac Tsaku, Usman Ibrahim Okposhi, Naja’atu Shehu Hadi, and Fatima Yusuf Al-Mustapha. "Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Cola nitida seed on selected bacterial isolates." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.3.0047.

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Kola nut (Cola nitida) is chewed in many West African cultures and it is used ceremonially, industrially, medicinally and economically. The aim of this study was to assess the phytochemical properties and antibacterial activity of Cola nitida seeds. The seeds were purchased, dried and then powdered for phytochemical screening and extraction. Ethanol and aqueous (hot water) extracts were used for this study. The antibacterial activity of each extract at 30 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml was tested on four bacterial isolates; Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. The results revealed the presence of various potent phytochemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides. The zones of inhibition ranged from 0.0 mm to 28.0 mm for both concentrations of the ethanol extract and from 0.0 mm to 31.0 mm for both concentrations of the aqueous extract. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranged from 7.5 mg/ml to 30.0 mg/ml for the ethanol extract and 3.75 mg/ml to 30.0 mg/ml for the aqueous extract. No minimum bactericidal concentration was recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed on the data showed that there were significant differences in the zones of inhibition for each concentration of the extracts (P<0.05). The purified extract of Cola nitida seeds can be used to treat infections caused by these selected bacterial species.

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10

Lowor, S., P. Aculey, and M. Assuah. "Analysis of some quality indicators in cured Cola nitida (Vent)." Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 1, no. 6 (November 2010): 1206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2010.1.6.1206.1214.

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11

Kareem, I., O. K. Owolarafe, and O. A. Ajayi. "Moisture-Dependent Physical Properties of Kola Nut (Cola nitida) Seed." Food and Bioprocess Technology 6, no. 10 (April 29, 2012): 2938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0864-z.

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12

Olalere, Olusegun Abayomi, Chee-Yuen Gan, Hamid Nour Abdurahman, Muhammad Sheraz Ahmad, Aziz Qannaf Zaid, and Omar Abed Habeeb. "Microstructural and microchemical characterization of valorized cola nitida pod wastes." Chemical Data Collections 26 (April 2020): 100356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100356.

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13

Atawodi, S. E., P. Mende, B. Pfundstein, R. Preussmann, and B. Spiegelhalder. "Nitrosatable amines and nitrosamide formation in natural stimulants: Cola acuminata, C. nitida and Garcinia cola." Food and Chemical Toxicology 33, no. 8 (August 1995): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(95)00035-z.

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14

Adebola, P. O., and J. A. Morakinyo. "Chromosome Numbers of Four Nigerian Species of Cola Schott. & Endlicher (Sterculiaceae)." Silvae Genetica 54, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2005): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2005-0006.

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Abstract This paper reports the results of chromosome countings in four wild Cola species (Cola lateritia, C. ballayi, C. verticillata and C. gigantea). Cytological investigation of these species gave a constant mitotic chromosome counts of 2n = 4x = 40 for the first time. The karyotypes were found to consist mostly of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. In addition to confirming the chromosome numbers and ploidy levels in these species, the results also reveals high symmetry and homogeneity of the karyotypes with those of the cultivated species (C. nitida and C. acuminata) already reported. The similarity in chromosome morphology between the cultivated and wild species indicate their common origin and suggests the possibility of using these wild species as bridges for gene transfer in Cola breeding programmes involving interspecific hybridization.

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15

Agbeniyi, Sunday. "Incidence of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and other Fungi in Kolanuts (Cola nitida and Cola acuminata) in Nigeria." American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 4, no. 12 (January 10, 2014): 1764–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajea/2014/11180.

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16

Adebola, P. O. "Principal component analysis of variation pattern among Cola nitida, Cola acuminata (Sterculiaceae) and their interspecific hybrids." Feddes Repertorium 111, no. 3-4 (April 18, 2008): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.20001110312.

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17

Fabunmi, T., and D. Arotupin. "Antioxidant Properties of Fermented Kolanut husk and Testa of Three Species of Kolanut: Cola acuminata, Cola nitida and Cola verticillata." British Biotechnology Journal 8, no. 2 (January 10, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bbj/2015/18443.

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18

Ettarh, R. R., S. A. Okoosi, and M. U. Eteng. "The Influence Of Kolanut (Cola Nitida) On Exploratory Behaviour In Rats." Pharmaceutical Biology 38, no. 4 (October 2000): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/1388-0209(200009)3841-aft281.

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19

Nwonuma, Charles O., Tabitha A. Adelani-Akande, Omorefosa O. Osemwegie, Abiola F. Olaniran, and Toluwani A. Adeyemo. "Comparative study of the in vitro phytochemicals and antimicrobial potential of six medicinal plants." F1000Research 8 (January 21, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17094.1.

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Background: This study sought to investigate the antimicrobial activity of six plants used in traditional medicine in Africa. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the six medicinal plant extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were evaluated against Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 21784), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27856) were Aspergillus fumigatus using the agar-well diffusion protocol. The activities of these extracts were compared with the positive controls chloramphenicol and griseofulvin. Similarly, the phytochemicals from the extracts were qualitatively assayed and their percentage yield calculated by standard methods. Results: The bacterial organisms used, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa, were slightly-to-highly susceptible to aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the various test plants, while A. fumigatus was insensitive to the treatments. The ethanolic extracts of the sampled plants showed superior inhibitory performance on the target bacteria to the aqueous extracts. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta, Moringa oleifera and Cola nitida showed inhibitory consistency against the target bacteria. Superior inhibitory activity was observed for ethanol extracts of A. melegueta seed and M. oleifera pod against P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa. Variations in phytochemicals were noticed across solvents and plant parts for all plants. Phenols were detected in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. nitida and Cola acuminate, but relatively appeared denser in extracts of A. melegueta seed and Chrysophyllum albidium fruits. The extracts of C. nitida, C. acuminate and A. melegueta tested positive for the presence of flavonoids, which were undetected in C. albidium and M. oleifera seed and pod extracts. None of the extracts showed the presence of every phytochemical assayed during the study. Conclusions: Extracts of the medicinal plants assessed in this study showed antibacterial potential. Developing new methodologies that preserve the bioactive potency of phyto-extracts for optimal microbicidal activity is promising for development of safe, non-reactive pharmaceuticals.

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20

Nwobodo, David C., Chibueze P. Ihekwereme, and Festus B. C. Okoye. "Screening of endophytic fungal metabolites from Cola nitida leaves for antimicrobial activities against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." EuroBiotech Journal 4, no. 3 (July 19, 2020): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2020-0019.

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AbstractEndophytic fungi of selected Nigerian plants are important sources of bioactive products with enormous potentials for the discovery of new drug molecules for drug development. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major causes of healthcare-associated bacterial infections, leading to increased mortality and morbidity. In this study, isolated endophytic fungi from Cola nitida were screened for anti-pseudomonas properties. Endophytic fungi associated with healthy leaves of C. nitida were isolated using standard methods. Fungi were identified through their morphological, cultural and microscopic characteristics. The fungi were subjected to solid-state fermentation and secondary metabolites extracted using ethyl acetate and concentrated under vacuum. The crude extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against clinical and laboratory strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the agar diffusion method. The bioactive components of the fungal extracts were identified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis. Three endophytic fungi; Acremonium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Trichophyton sp. were isolated. At 1 mg/ml, extracts of the three fungi displayed antipseudomonal activity with inhibition zone diameter ranging from 6 - 4 mm. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of compounds, such as 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate. indole-3-acetic acid, and protocatechuic acid among others in the fungal extracts. The findings in this study reveal that endophytic fungi associated with C. nitida possess promising antipseudomonal properties. This finding can open new doors for the discovery of new agents against P. aeruginosa.

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21

Adedayo, Lawrence Dayo, Alaba Olumide Ojo, Funmileyi Olubanjo Awobajo, Boluwatife Adetoyin Adeboye, James Adedayo Adebisi, Temitope Joshua Bankole, Gideon Opeyemi Ayilara, Olubayode Bamidele, Nimedia Gideon Aitokhuehi, and Samuel Adetunji Onasanwo. "Methanol extract of Cola nitida ameliorates inflammation and nociception in experimental animals." Neurobiology of Pain 5 (January 2019): 100027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ynpai.2019.100027.

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22

Adesanwo, Julius K., Seun B. Ogundele, David A. Akinpelu, and Armando G. McDonald. "Chemical Analyses, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Cola nitida Seed." Journal of Exploratory Research in Pharmacology 2, no. 3 (August 2017): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14218/jerp.2017.00015.

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23

Erukainure, Ochuko L., Nontokozo Z. Msomi, Brian K. Beseni, Veronica F. Salau, Omamuyovwi M. Ijomone, Neil A. Koorbanally, and Md Shahidul Islam. "Cola nitida infusion modulates cardiometabolic activities linked to cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats." Food and Chemical Toxicology 154 (August 2021): 112335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112335.

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24

Clement Uwabunkeonye, Okeke,. "Comparative Phytochemical and Proximate Compositions of Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott and Cola nitida (Vent) Schott and Endl." Plant 3, no. 3 (2015): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20150303.12.

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25

Ghedira, K., P. Goetz, and R. Le jeune. "Kola, Cola nitida (Vent) Schott et Endl (= C. vera Schumann) et Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott et Endl." Phytothérapie 7, no. 1 (February 2009): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10298-009-0363-1.

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26

Ndubuaku, T. C. N., E. U. Asogwa, and A. T. Hassan. "Distribution of kolanut weevil (Balanogastris kolae (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) in Cola nitida stored in baskets." African Journal of Plant Science 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajps2014.1247.

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27

IU, Umoh, Jimmy EO, and Inyang P.S. "Cola Nitida (Kola-Nut) Enhances Gastric Ulceration and Secretion Via Ileum Motility Increase." Journal of Diseases 6, no. 1 (2019): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.99.2019.61.13.22.

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28

Alaribe, A. A. A., G. C. Ejezie, and E. N. U. Ezedinachi. "The Role of Kola Nut (Cola Nitida) in the Etiology of Malaria Morbidity." Pharmaceutical Biology 41, no. 6 (January 2003): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/phbi.41.6.458.17835.

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29

Ogunmoyela, O. A. "The use of steam blanching for preserving the quality of kolanuts (Cola nitida)." Food Chemistry 32, no. 3 (January 1989): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(89)90045-9.

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30

Adewale, Isaac Olusanjo, and Adeola Tomilola Adekunle. "Biochemical properties of peroxidase from white and red cultivars of kolanut ( Cola nitida )." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 14 (April 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2018.01.013.

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Odebode, A. C., and B. A. Oso. "Enzyme activities during post-harvest storage of kolanut (Cola nitida, Schoot and Endlicher)." Zeitschrift f�r Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 201, no. 6 (November 1995): 555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01201584.

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Boudjeko, Thaddée, Christophe Rihouey, Denis Omokolo Ndoumou, Ismaïl El Hadrami, Patrice Lerouge, and Azeddine Driouich. "Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds." Carbohydrate Polymers 78, no. 4 (November 2009): 820–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.07.012.

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Onomo, Pierre Effa, Nicolas Niemenak ., and Denis Omokolo Ndoumo . "Isoenzyme Variability of Three Cola (Cola acuminata (Pal. de Beauv, Schott and Endlicher), Cola nitida ((Vent) Schott and Endlicher) and Cola anomala (Schott and Endlicher)) Germplasm in Cameroon." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9, no. 3 (January 15, 2006): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.391.397.

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34

Owusu, Fredrick W. A., Christiana O. Asare, Philomena Enstie, Ofosua Adi-Dako, Genevieve Naana Yeboah, Doris Kumadoh, Amanda Tetteh-Annor, Edem M. Amenuke, and Mordey Karen. "Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Oral Capsules and Suspension from the Ethanolic Extract of Cola nitida Seeds for the Treatment of Diarrhea." BioMed Research International 2021 (June 29, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6630449.

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Management of diarrhea has evolved over the years from relatively inadequate interventions in the early years to more successful physiological approaches. The use of herbal medicinal products and supplements has grown significantly over the past three decades, with more than half of the global population depending on it for some aspect of their primary health care needs. This study is aimed at formulating solid and liquid oral dosage forms of the ethanolic extract of Cola nitida seeds for the treatment of diarrhea. The flow property of the dried ethanolic extract was determined and subsequently formulated into granules for encapsulation. The ethanolic extract was also used in formulating an oral suspension. Pharmacopeia tests such as uniformity of weight, disintegration, drug content, and dissolution were carried out on the formulated capsules. The formulated suspension was also assessed using the following parameters; viscosity, flow rate, drug content, dissolution, sedimentation rate, and sedimentation volume. The dried ethanolic extract and formulated granules exhibited good flow properties. The formulated capsules exhibited optimal in vitro release of extract (>90% after 45 minutes) and passed the uniformity of weight, disintegration, and drug content tests. The formulated suspension also passed the drug content test and had a good sedimentation rate, sedimentation volume, and flow rate. The formulated suspension also exhibited pseudoplastic flow, optimal viscosity, and a good in vitro release profile (>90% after 45 minutes). Capsules and suspension of the ethanolic extract of Cola nitida seeds have been successfully formulated and can be used as standard dosage forms for the management of diarrhea.

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35

Schoiff, René, Sarah Ziemons, Ines Kryschewski, Sascha Dickmeis, and Barbara Busert. "Die tropische Spezies Garcinia kola - Morphologische Merkmale, wirksame Inhaltsstoffe und Abgrenzung zu Cola nitida." Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 34, no. 02 (May 16, 2013): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1331489.

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36

Jean-Marc, N’Guessan, Konan Brou Roger, Nimaga Daouda, Chatigre Kouamé Olivier, and Amani N’Guessan Georges. "Evaluation of Loss Rate and Organoleptic Characterisation of Kola Nuts (Cola nitida) during Conservation." Asian Food Science Journal 5, no. 3 (November 6, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/afsj/2018/44696.

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Chen, Huiqin, Georgios Daletos, Festus Okoye, Daowan Lai, Haofu Dai, and Peter Proksch. "A New Cytotoxic Cytochalasin from the Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma harzianum." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 4 (April 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000412.

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The new natural product 4′-hydroxy-deacetyl-18-deoxycytochalasin H (1), together with the known deacetyl-18-deoxycytochalasin H (2) and 18-deoxycytochalasin H (3) were obtained from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum isolated from leaves of Cola nitida. The structure of the new compound was unambiguously determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and by HRESIMS measurements, as well as by comparison with the literature. Compounds 1-3 showed potent cytotoxic activity against the murine lymphoma (L5178Y) cell line and against human ovarian cancer (A2780 sens and A2780 CisR) cell lines (IC50 0.19–6.97 μM). The A2780 cell lines included cisplatin-sensitive (sens) and -resistant (R) cells.

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Hammed, L. A., A. B. Olaniyan, A. O. Olaiya, and J. G. Bodunde. "Germination and growth performance of Kola (Cola nitida) seeds in the nursery as influenced by cotyledon reduction." Seed Science and Technology 41, no. 2 (August 1, 2013): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2013.41.2.11.

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Arotupin, DJ, and TB Fabunmi. "Microbiological characteristics and antimicrobial potential of fermenting infusion of Cola nitida and Cola acuminata husk and testa." Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 10, no. 1 (April 14, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtr.v10i1.9.

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40

Adejoke Adebusola Adelusi, Qudus Adebayo Ogunwolu, Chinweike Abednego Ugwu, Modinat Adewunmi Alli, Kehinde Ademola Adesanya, Mutiat Oluwaseyi Agboola-Adedoja, and Ayodele Oladipo Akinpelu. "Kolanut consumption, its benefits and side effects." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0483.

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This article assessed kolanut consumption, its benefits and side effects. Kolanut is the fruit of the kola tree, which is indigenous to West Africa. The two main varieties are Cola acuminata and Cola nitida. It is the most common masticatory in Nigeria, and is quite bitter but gives a sweet taste after chewing. A desk research was done using various published literatures on kolanut. It was unveiled that the consumption of kolanut has many benefits as well as side effects. The side effects are dependent on the quantity intake of caffeine, a significant substance present in kolanut. Caffeine is a stimulant like theobromine and kolanin, which are also present in coffee, tea and chocolate. Kolanuts are chewed fresh and are also in the form of extracts, which is common food flavouring found in energy drinks. Right amount of kolanut depends on factors such as age, physiology and health status, and as such, more effort should be channeled into the area of investigating more appropriate quantity of kolanut that should be consumed in relation to people’s status.

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Osim, E. E., and P. M. Udia. "Effects of Consuming A Kola Nut (Cola Nitida) Diet on Mean Arterial Pressure in Rats." International Journal of Pharmacognosy 31, no. 3 (January 1993): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209309082941.

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Abidoye, R. O., and A. P. Chijioke. "Effect of kolanut (cola nitida vent) on the anthropometric measurement of newborn babies in Nigeria." Nutrition Research 10, no. 10 (October 1990): 1091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80331-8.

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Olaniyan, A. B., K. A. Kolapo, and L. A. Hammed. "Curing influences nut-germination and seedling growth of kolanut (Cola nitida Vent. (Schott and Endl.))." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1225 (November 2018): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1225.62.

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44

Adebola, P. O. "Principal component analysis of variation pattern amongCola nitida, Cola acuminata (Sterculiaceae) and their interspecific hybrids." Feddes Repertorium 111, no. 3-4 (October 2000): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4911110312.

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Olalere, Olusegun Abayomi, Chee‐Yuen Gan, Olumide Esan Akintomiwa, Oladayo Adeyi, and Abiola Adeyi. "Optimisation of microwave‐assisted extraction and functional elucidation of bioactive compounds from Cola nitida pod." Phytochemical Analysis 32, no. 5 (February 14, 2021): 850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.3030.

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Nwonuma, Charles O., Tabitha A. Adelani-Akande, Omorefosa O. Osemwegie, Abiola F. Olaniran, and Toluwani A. Adeyemo. "Comparative study of in vitro antimicrobial potential and phytochemicals of some medical plants." F1000Research 8 (May 30, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17094.2.

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Background: Plants in traditional healthcare services in West Africa were selected based on ethnobotanical data for this study. Aqueous and ethanol extracts from these plants’ parts were comparatively screened for phytochemicals and in vitro antimicrobial activity. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of five medicinal plants’ extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were evaluated against Proteus mirabilis (LHC201), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LHC181) and Aspergillus fumigates (LUML56) using the agar-well diffusion protocol. Retailed chloramphenicol and griseofulvin were used as positive controls respectively. Phytochemicals and percentage yield were determined by modified standard methods. Results: The target bacteria showed varied degrees of susceptibility to both aqueous and ethanol extracts. A. fumigates was insensitive to the treatments. The ethanol extracts of the sampled plants’ parts showed better inhibitory performance against the target bacteria compared to aqueous extracts. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Aframomum melegueta, Moringa oleifera and Cola nitida showed marginal difference in inhibitory activity with higher inhibition zones observed for the ethanol extracts of A. melegueta seed and M. oleifera pod against the target bacteria. Phytochemicals composition and density observed in extractants and plants’ parts also varied. Phenols were detected in both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. nitida and C. acuminata, but appeared relatively richer in extracts of A. melegueta seeds and C. albidium fruits. C. nitida, C. acuminate and A. melegueta extracts were positive for flavonoids which were undetected in C. albidium fruits, M. oleifera seeds and pod extracts. No single extract had all the phytochemicals assayed. Conclusions: Screened extracts of medicinal plants’ parts used for this study showed promise antibacterial and resource for developing safer pharmaceutics. Optimization of the antibacterial potential of the extracts for commercial exploitation requires further studies. This study has provided information on the antibacterial property of C. albidum fruits which was hitherto underutilized for traditional medicine purpose.

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Nwonuma, Charles O., Tabitha A. Adelani-Akande, Omorefosa O. Osemwegie, Abiola F. Olaniran, and Toluwani A. Adeyemo. "Preliminary in vitro antimicrobial potential and phytochemicals study of some medical plants." F1000Research 8 (January 16, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17094.3.

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Background: Plants in traditional healthcare services in West Africa were selected based on ethnobotanical data for this study. Aqueous and ethanol extracts from these plants’ parts were comparatively screened for phytochemicals and in vitro antimicrobial activity. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of five medicinal plants’ extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were evaluated against Proteus mirabilis (LHC201), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LHC181) and Aspergillus fumigates (LUML56) using the agar-well diffusion protocol. Retailed chloramphenicol and griseofulvin were used as positive controls respectively. Phytochemicals and percentage yield were determined by modified standard methods. Results: The target bacteria showed varied degrees of susceptibility to both aqueous and ethanol extracts. A. fumigates was insensitive to the treatments. The ethanol extracts of the sampled plants’ parts showed better inhibitory performance against the target bacteria compared to aqueous extracts. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Aframomum melegueta, Moringa oleifera and Cola nitida showed marginal difference in inhibitory activity with higher inhibition zones observed for the ethanol extracts of A. melegueta seed and M. oleifera pod against the target bacteria. Phytochemicals composition and density observed in extractants and plants’ parts also varied. Phenols were detected in both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. nitida and C. acuminata, but appeared relatively richer in extracts of A. melegueta seeds and C. albidium fruits. C. nitida, C. acuminate and A. melegueta extracts were positive for flavonoids which were undetected in C. albidium fruits, M. oleifera seeds and pod extracts. No single extract had all the phytochemicals assayed. Conclusions: Screened extracts of medicinal plants’ parts used for this study showed promise antibacterial and resource for developing safer pharmaceutics. Optimization of the antibacterial potential of the extracts for commercial exploitation requires further studies. This study has provided information on the antibacterial property of C. albidum fruits which was hitherto underutilized for traditional medicine purpose.

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Viviane, Deigna-Mockey, Kouadio Rodrigue, Konan Ysidor, and Biego Marius. "Diagnosis in Production and Post-harvest Processing of Nuts of Cola nitida (Malvaceae) in Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 9, no. 2 (January 10, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jaeri/2016/28369.

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Osim, E. E., S. K. Arthur, and K. M. Etta. "Influence of Kola Nuts (Cola Nitida Alba) On in Vivo Secretion of Gastric Acid in Cats." International Journal of Pharmacognosy 29, no. 3 (January 1991): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209109082881.

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Muhammad, S., and A. Fatima. "Studies on Phytochemical Evaluation and Antibacterial Properties of Two Varieties of Kolanut (Cola nitida) in Nigeria." Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 02, no. 03 (2014): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2014.23006.

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