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Jawad, M., R. Schoop, A. Suter, P. Klein, and R. Eccles. "Safety and Efficacy Profile ofEchinacea purpureato Prevent Common Cold Episodes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/841315.
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Objective. To investigate the safety (risk) and efficacy (benefit) ofEchinacea purpureaextract in the prevention of common cold episodes in a large population over a 4-month period.Methods. 755 healthy subjects were allocated to receive either an alcohol extract from freshly harvestedE. purpurea(95% herba and 5% root) or placebo. Participants were required to record adverse events and to rate cold-related issues in a diary throughout the investigation period. Nasal secretions were sampled at acute colds and screened for viruses.Results. A total of 293 adverse events occurred withEchinaceaand 306 with placebo treatment. Nine and 10% of participants experienced adverse events, which were at least possibly related to the study drug (adverse drug reactions). Thus, the safety ofEchinaceawas noninferior to placebo.Echinaceareduced the total number of cold episodes, cumulated episode days within the group, and pain-killer medicated episodes.Echinaceainhibited virally confirmed colds and especially prevented enveloped virus infections (P<0.05).Echinaceashowed maximal effects on recurrent infections, and preventive effects increased with therapy compliance and adherence to the protocol.Conclusions. Compliant prophylactic intake ofE. purpureaover a 4-month period appeared to provide a positive risk to benefit ratio.
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Dimić, E., T. Premović, and A. Takači. "Effects of the contents of impurities and seed hulls on the quality of cold-pressed sunflower oil." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 30, No. 4 (June 13, 2012): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/179/2011-cjfs.
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The effects of different contents of impurities and seed hulls in the raw material on the sensory characteristics, chemical quality, and oxidative stability of sunflower oil prepared by the procedure of cold pressing on a screw press were investigated. It was found that the presence of impurities (up to 10%) and hulls (up to 32%) had an adverse effect on the sensory and chemical characteristics of the oil. The adverse influence on the oils colour was also evidenced from the results of measuring their transparency, which ranged from 14.75% to 43.60%. The presence of impurities and seed hulls caused also a decrease in the oxidative stability of oils, as the values of the induction period ranged from 3.63 h to 4.63 h, while the Totox values were in the range from 2.25 to 5.87.
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Golpour, Monireh, Mina Alimohammadi, Alireza Mohseni, Ehsan Zaboli, Farshad Sohbatzadeh, Sander Bekeschus, and Alireza Rafiei. "Lack of Adverse Effects of Cold Physical Plasma-Treated Blood from Leukemia Patients: A Proof-of-Concept Study." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010128.
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common blood malignancy with multiple therapeutic challenges. Cold physical plasma has been considered a promising approach in cancer therapy in recent years. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of cold plasma or plasma-treated solutions (PTS) on hematologic parameters in the whole blood of CLL patients. The mean red blood cell count, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet and hemoglobin counts, and peripheral blood smear images did not significantly differ between treated and untreated samples in either CLL or healthy individuals. However, both direct plasma and indirect PTS treatment increased lipid peroxidation and RNS deposition in the whole blood of CLL patients and in healthy subjects. In addition, the metabolic activity of WBCs was decreased with 120 s of cold plasma or PTS treatment after 24 h and 48 h. However, cold plasma and PTS treatment did not affect the prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, nor hemolysis in either CLL patients or in healthy individuals. The present study identifies the components of cold plasma to reach the blood without disturbing the basic parameters important in hematology, confirming the idea that the effect of cold plasma may not be limited to solid tumors and possibly extends to hematological disorders. Further cellular and molecular studies are needed to determine which cells in CLL patients are targeted by cold plasma or PTS.
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Lekić, S., I. Draganić, M. Milivojević, and G. Todorović. "Germination and Seedling Growth Response on Sunflower Seeds to Priming and Temperature Stress." Helia 38, no. 63 (December 1, 2015): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2015-0003.
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AbstractThe present paper shows results obtained on effects of priming of sunflower seeds, subjected to accelerated ageing and the cold test, on seed vigour. Seeds were primed with distilled water, the potassium nitrate solution (0.2%) and the gibberellic acid solution (0.04%). The following parameters were tested: energy of germination, germination, proportion of abnormal seedlings, lengths of roots and shoots of normal seedlings. Accelerated ageing in the course of 3 and 5 days resulted in a statistically significant reduction in energy of germination and germination; it adversely affected the length of roots and shoots and it increased the proportion of abnormal seedlings. Seed priming with all three solutions mitigated adverse effects of 3-day accelerated ageing on energy of germination. Furthermore, seed priming with gibberellic acid prior to 3-day accelerated ageing positively affected seed germination and neutralized a negative effect of accelerated ageing on the number of abnormal seedlings, as well as on lengths of shoots and roots of normal seedlings. The cold test (at 5°C for 7 days) negatively affected energy of germination and the root length, increased the proportion of abnormal seedlings and did not affect seed germination. Priming of seeds with distilled water prior to the cold test completely neutralized the adverse effect of low temperatures on energy of germination. Finally, priming of seeds with all three solutions completely neutralized the adverse effect of cold test on the root length.
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Lam, Holly Ching Yu, Zhe Huang, Sida Liu, Chunlan Guo, William Bernard Goggins, and Emily Ying Yang Chan. "Personal Cold Protection Behaviour and Its Associated Factors in 2016/17 Cold Days in Hong Kong: A Two-Year Cohort Telephone Survey Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051672.
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Background: Despite larger health burdens attributed to cold than heat, few studies have examined personal cold protection behaviours (PCPB). This study examined PCPB during cold waves and identified the associated factors in a subtropical city for those without central heating system. Methods: A cohort telephone survey was conducted in Hong Kong during a colder cold wave (2016) and a warmer cold wave (2017) among adults (≥15). Socio-demographic information, risk perception, self-reported adverse health effects and patterns of PCPB during cold waves were collected. Associated factors of PCPB in 2017 were identified using multiple logistic regression. Results: The cohort included 429 subjects. PCPB uptake rates were higher during the colder cold wave (p < 0.0005) except for ensuring indoor ventilation. Of the vulnerable groups, 63.7% had low self-perceived health risks. High risk perception, experience of adverse health effects during the 2016 cold wave, females and older groups were positive associated factors of PCPB in 2017 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PCPB changed with self-risk perception. However vulnerable groups commonly underestimated their own risk. Indoor ventilation may be a concern during cold days in settings that are less prepared for cold weather. Targeted awareness-raising promotion for vulnerable groups and practical strategies for ensuring indoor ventilation are needed.
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Steinman, Alan M. "Adverse Effects of Heat and Cold on Military Operations: History and Current Solutions." Military Medicine 152, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/152.8.389.
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Anaise, D., W. C. Waltzer, A. N. Arnold, and F. T. Rapaport. "Adverse Effects of Cyclosporine A on the Microcirculation of the Cold Preserved Kidney." Journal of Urology 138, no. 3 (September 1987): 688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)43327-1.
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Chen, Gin-Fu, and Zhongjie Sun. "Effects of chronic cold exposure on the endothelin system." Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 5 (May 2006): 1719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01407.2005.
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Cold temperatures have adverse effects on the human cardiovascular system. Endothelin (ET)-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor. We hypothesized that cold exposure increases ET-1 production and upregulates ET type A (ETA) receptors. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cold exposure on regulation of the ET system. Four groups of rats (6–7 rats/group) were used: three groups were exposed to moderate cold (6.7 ± 2°C) for 1, 3, and 5 wk, respectively, and the remaining group was maintained at room temperature (25°C) and served as control. Cold exposure significantly increased ET-1 levels in the heart, mesenteric arteries, renal cortex, and renal medulla. Cold exposure increased ETA receptor protein expression in the heart and renal cortex. ET type B (ETB) receptor expression, however, was decreased significantly in the heart and renal medulla of cold-exposed rats. Cold exposure significantly increased the ratio of ETA to ETB receptors in the heart. An additional four groups of rats (3 rats/group) were used to localize changes in ETA and ETB receptors at 1, 3, and 5 wk of cold exposure. Immunohistochemical analysis showed an increase in ETA, but a decrease in ETB, receptor immunoreactivity in cardiomyocytes of cold-exposed rats. Increased ETA receptor immunoreactivity was also found in vascular smooth muscle cells of cold-exposed rats. Cold exposure increased ETA receptor immunoreactivity in tubule epithelial cells in the renal cortex but decreased ETB receptor immunoreactivity in tubule epithelial cells in the renal medulla. Therefore, cold exposure increased ET-1 production, upregulated ETA receptors, and downregulated ETB receptors.
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Galic, Andrei, Heather Grab, Nicholas Kaczmar, Kady Maser, William B. Miller, and Lawrence B. Smart. "Effects of Cold Temperature and Acclimation on Cold Tolerance and Cannabinoid Profiles of Cannabis sativa L. (Hemp)." Horticulturae 8, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060531.
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Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is a multi-use crop garnering newfound attention from researchers and consumers. While interest has emerged, a lack of substantiated research still exists regarding effects of adverse weather events on physiological health and secondary metabolite production of hemp. The aim of this experiment was to assess cold tolerance of hemp using the cultivars ‘FINOLA’ and ‘AutoCBD’. Effects of cultivar, plant age, cold acclimation, frequency of cold treatments, and intensity of cold treatments were all considered in regard to their influence on physiological stress, biomass, and cannabinoid profile. Few effects of sequential cold treatments were noted, and they were not moderated by cold acclimation, which tended to have negative effects across many responses. This detrimental effect of cold acclimation conditions was further observed in decreased total CBD % and total THC % compared to non-acclimated plants. These findings bear consideration when assessing the unpredictability of a changing climate’s effects on the heath and cannabinoid profile of hemp.
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Huhn, Andrew S., Eric C. Strain, George E. Bigelow, Michael T. Smith, Robert R. Edwards, and D. Andrew Tompkins. "Analgesic Effects of Hydromorphone versus Buprenorphine in Buprenorphine-maintained Individuals." Anesthesiology 130, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002492.
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Abstract EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE What We Already Know about This Topic The prevalence of patients prescribed buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder is increasing Managing acute pain in buprenorphine-maintained individuals can be challenging What This Article Tells Us That Is New Large doses of intravenous hydromorphone can provide analgesia in buprenorphine-maintained individuals However, the use of hydromorphone for analgesia in buprenorphine-maintained individuals confers greater abuse liability and side effects than does supplemental intravenous buprenorphine Background Managing acute pain in buprenorphine-maintained individuals in emergency or perioperative settings is a significant challenge. This study compared analgesic and abuse liability effects of adjunct hydromorphone and buprenorphine using quantitative sensory testing, a model of acute clinical pain, in persons maintained on 12 to 16 mg sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone. Methods Participants (N = 13) were enrolled in a randomized within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled three-session experiment. Each session used a cumulative dosing design with four IV injections (4, 4, 8, and 16 mg of hydromorphone or 4, 4, 8, and 16 mg of buprenorphine); quantitative sensory testing and abuse liability assessments were measured at baseline and after each injection. The primary analgesia outcome was change from baseline cold pressor testing; secondary outcomes included thermal and pressure pain testing, as well as subjective drug effects and adverse events. Results A significant two-way interaction between study drug condition and dose was exhibited in cold pressor threshold (F10,110 = 2.14, P = 0.027) and tolerance (F10,110 = 2.69, P = 0.006). Compared to after placebo, participants displayed increased cold pressor threshold from baseline after cumulative doses of 32 mg of IV hydromorphone (means ± SD) (10 ± 14 s, P = 0.035) and 32 mg of buprenorphine (3 ± 5 s, P = 0.0.39) and in cold pressor tolerance after cumulative doses of 16 mg (18 ± 24 s, P = 0.018) and 32 mg (48 ± 73 s, P = 0.041) IV hydromorphone; cold pressor tolerance scores were not significant for 16 mg (1 ± 15 s, P = 0.619) or 32 mg (7 ± 16 s, P = 0.066) buprenorphine. Hydromorphone and buprenorphine compared with placebo showed greater ratings on subjective measures of high, any drug effects, good effects, and drug liking. Adverse events were more frequent during the hydromorphone compared with buprenorphine and placebo conditions for nausea, pruritus, sedation, and vomiting. Conclusions In this acute clinical pain model, high doses of IV hydromorphone (16 to 32 mg) were most effective in achieving analgesia but also displayed higher abuse liability and more frequent adverse events. Cold pressor testing was the most consistent measure of opioid-related analgesia.
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Dewulf, Pieter, Michiel Stock, and Bernard De Baets. "Cold-Start Problems in Data-Driven Prediction of Drug–Drug Interaction Effects." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14050429.
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Combining drugs, a phenomenon often referred to as polypharmacy, can induce additional adverse effects. The identification of adverse combinations is a key task in pharmacovigilance. In this context, in silico approaches based on machine learning are promising as they can learn from a limited number of combinations to predict for all. In this work, we identify various subtasks in predicting effects caused by drug–drug interaction. Predicting drug–drug interaction effects for drugs that already exist is very different from predicting outcomes for newly developed drugs, commonly called a cold-start problem. We propose suitable validation schemes for the different subtasks that emerge. These validation schemes are critical to correctly assess the performance. We develop a new model that obtains AUC-ROC =0.843 for the hardest cold-start task up to AUC-ROC =0.957 for the easiest one on the benchmark dataset of Zitnik et al. Finally, we illustrate how our predictions can be used to improve post-market surveillance systems or detect drug–drug interaction effects earlier during drug development.
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Ma, Xiliang, and Ruiqing Mao. "Fuzzy Control of Cold Storage Refrigeration System with Dynamic Coupling Compensation." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6836129.
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Cold storage refrigeration systems possess the characteristics of multiple input and output and strong coupling, which brings challenges to the optimize control. To reduce the adverse effects of the coupling and improve the overall control performance of cold storage refrigeration systems, a control strategy with dynamic coupling compensation was studied. First, dynamic model of a cold storage refrigeration system was established based on the requirements of the control system. At the same time, the coupling between the components was studied. Second, to reduce the adverse effects of the coupling, a fuzzy controller with dynamic coupling compensation was designed. As for the fuzzy controller, a self-tuning fuzzy controller was served as the primary controller, and an adaptive neural network was adopted to compensate the dynamic coupling. Finally, the proposed control strategy was employed to the cold storage refrigeration system, and simulations were carried out in the condition of start-up, variable load, and variable degree of superheat, respectively. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the fuzzy control method with dynamic coupling compensation.
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Liu, Jiangtao, Yueling Ma, Yuhong Wang, Sheng Li, Shuyu Liu, Xiaotao He, Lanyu Li, et al. "The Impact of Cold and Heat on Years of Life Lost in a Northwestern Chinese City with Temperate Continental Climate." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 3529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193529.
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Cold spells and heat waves in a changing climate are well known as great public-health concerns due to their adverse effects on human health. However, very few studies have quantified health impacts of heat and cold in the region of Northwestern China. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cold and heat on years of life lost (YLL) in Lanzhou, a city with temperate continental climate. We compiled a daily dataset including deaths, weather variables, and air pollutants in Lanzhou, China, from 2014–2017. We used a distributed lag non-linear model to estimate single-day and cumulative effects of heat and cold on daily YLL. Results indicated that both cold and heat were associated with increased YLL for registered residents in Lanzhou. Estimated heat effects appeared immediately in the first two days, while estimated cold effects lasted over a longer period (up to 30 days). Cold significantly increased the YLL of all residents except for males and those with respiratory diseases (≥65 years). Our results showed that both heat and cold had more pronounced effects on cardiovascular diseases compared to respiratory diseases. Males might be more vulnerable to heat, while females might suffer more YLL from cold. The effects of cold or heat on the elderly might appear earlier and last longer than those for other age groups.
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Lu, S. S., and Y. H. Chuang. "Effects of Surface Roughness on Lubrication in Cold Rolling of Metals." Journal of Tribology 107, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261123.
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Experiments were conducted on a laboratory rolling mill to assess the effects of surface roughness on lubrication in the cold rolling of thin steel and aluminum strips by measuring the forward slip, frictional power, roll force, and change in surface roughness. Adverse lubricating conditions indicated by higher forward slip and frictional power were found when a strong longitudinal directionality was present on the initial strip surface. Favorable lubricating conditions were found when the initial strip surface had strong transverse directionality because of the ease of bringing lubricant into the roll gap and formation of oil pockets on the strip surface.
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Dimitriadi, Anastasia, and George Koumoundouros. "Elevated Embryonic Temperature Has Persistent Adverse Effects on Zebrafish Swimming Capacity." Fishes 7, no. 6 (December 6, 2022): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060373.
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In recent years, global warming of anthropogenic origin and its impacts on biodiversity have increasingly gained public awareness. Here, we demonstrate that embryonic temperature can have persistent and crucial effects on zebrafish swimming capacity and cardiac shape. Three different embryonic temperature treatments (TE = 24, 28 or 32 °C) were applied to zebrafish embryos until hatching. Fish were then raised in common conditions (28 °C) until adulthood. Ventricle roundness was found to increase significantly with a rise in TE in juvenile (10% increase) and male (8% increase), but not female fish. TE and sex significantly affected zebrafish swimming performance. Juveniles, males and females raised in cold (24 °C) presented significantly greater swimming capacity than those raised at 28 and 32 °C TE. Our results represent a direct link between the physical capacity of adult fish and embryonic temperature fluctuations that add to the emerging rationale of the potential climate change scenarios on wild fish populations.
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Khanday, Suheena, Mohd Afsahul Kalam, and Shameem Ahmad Rather. "ADVERSE EFFECT OF UNANI PHARMACOPOEIAL FORMULATION HABB-E-KARANJAWA." Indian Journal of Unani Medicine 15, no. 01 (2022): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53390/ijum.2022.15113.
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Pharmacovigilance (PV), which is also known as drug safety. It is the pharmacological science relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects, particularly long term, and short term side effects of medicines [1]. The key role of this field of medicine is to ensure the safe reception of drugs, examining the adverse side effects reported by patients. The compound causing side effects in the drug need to be identified and the remedy to counteract the side effect should be explored. This study was carried out at Regional Research Institute of Medicine (RRIUM), Srinagar, wherein a total of 10 patients suffering from general body ache, common cold and fever etc were analysed for the adverse side effects caused after prescribing the pharmacopoeial drug Habb-e-Karanjawa. It was observed that almost all patients suffered from gastritis after the consumption of the drug. After a thorough analysis of the ingredients of the drug it was concluded that the corrosive effect of compound copper sulphate or TutiyaSabz present in Habb-e-Karanjawa can be the main reason of causing gastrointestinal problems in patients.
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Reich, Heidi J., Jon A. Kobashigawa, Tamar Aintablian, Danny Ramzy, Michelle M. Kittleson, and Fardad Esmailian. "Effects of Older Donor Age and Cold Ischemic Time on Long-Term Outcomes of Heart Transplantation." Texas Heart Institute Journal 45, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14503/thij-16-6178.
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Using older donor hearts in cardiac transplantation may lead to inferior outcomes: older donors have more comorbidities that reduce graft quality, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Shorter cold ischemic times might overcome the detrimental effect of older donor age. We examined the relationship between donor allograft age and cold ischemic time on the long-term outcomes of heart transplant recipients. rom 1994 through 2010, surgeons at our hospital performed 745 heart transplantations. We retrospectively classified these cases by donor ages of <50 years (younger) and ≥50 years (older), then by cold ischemic times of <120 min (short), 120 to 240 min (intermediate), and >240 min (long). Endpoints included recipient and graft survival, and freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy, nonfatal major adverse cardiac events, and rejection. For intermediate ischemic times, the 5-year recipient survival rate was lower when donors were older (70% vs 82.6%; P=0.02). This was also true for long ischemic times (69.8% vs 87.6%; P=0.09). For short ischemic times, we found no difference in 5-year recipient or graft survival rates (80% older vs 85.6% younger; P=0.79), in freedom from nonfatal major adverse cardiac events (83.3% vs 91.5%; P=0.46), or in freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy (50% vs 70.6%; P=0.66). Rejection rates were mostly similar. Long-term graft survival in heart transplantation patients with older donor allografts may improve when cold ischemic times are shorter.
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Ambikar, Digambar B., and Vishesh S. Mittal. "Knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of patients towards use of cough and cold preparations: a comprehensive surveyKnowledge, attitude, and behaviour of patients towards use of cough and cold preparations: a comprehensive survey." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20222555.
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Background: Cough, cold and related discomforts are the most common discomforts affecting general population, which can adversely affects subjects’ quality of life due to its physical, social, and psychological effects. To know the patients perception towards cough and cold preparation is need of hour for health care industry.Methods: This study investigated the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of patients toward use of cough and cold preparations. Questionnaires were distributed to patients approaching to pharmacy for purchasing these drugs.Results: The age group was from 17 to 55. In our study 66 % of patients reported that they prefer liquid oral formulation over other dosage form. Further in syrup formulations. Around 59% of patients are prescribed with some of the cough syrup while remaining 41% are purchasing OTC preparations. But 58% patients still not aware with concept of OTC medicine. Further 51% patients are not aware about the adverse effects of such preparations.Conclusions: The study provides important insights into the use of cough and cold medications in general populations especially about OTC medications. There is need to create awareness in patients about safe use of these preparation, as the safety profile of drugs included in cough syrup is very important here.
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Ryti, Niilo R. I., Yuming Guo, and Jouni J. K. Jaakkola. "Global Association of Cold Spells and Adverse Health Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Environmental Health Perspectives 124, no. 1 (January 2016): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408104.
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Major, Nikola, Bernard Prekalj, Josipa Perković, Dean Ban, Zoran Užila, and Smiljana Ban. "The Effect of Different Extraction Protocols on Brassica oleracea var. acephala Antioxidant Activity, Bioactive Compounds, and Sugar Profile." Plants 9, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121792.
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The extraction of glucosinolates in boiling aqueous methanol from freeze dried leaf tissues is the most common method for myrosinase inactivation but can be hazardous because of methanol toxicity. Although freeze drying is the best dehydration method in terms of nutritional quality preservation, the main drawbacks are a limited sample quantity that can be processed simultaneously, a long processing time, and high energy consumption. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of applying high temperature for myrosinase inactivation via hot air drying prior to the extraction step, as well as the effects of cold aqueous methanol extraction on total antioxidant activity, total glucosinolates, total phenolic content, and sugar profile in 36 landraces of kale. The results from our study indicate that cold aqueous methanol can be used instead of boiling aqueous methanol with no adverse effects on total glucosinolate content. Our results also show that hot air drying, compared to freeze drying, followed by cold extraction has an adverse effect on antioxidant activity measured by DPPH radical scavenging, total glucosinolate content, as well as on the content of all investigated sugars.
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Nickl, Robert, Stefan Koehler, Patrick Fricke, Christian Stetter, Stefan Rueckriegel, Ralf-Ingo Ernestus, and Thomas Westermaier. "Selective Brain Cooling after Traumatic Brain Injury: Effects of Three Different Cooling Methods—Case Report." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 78, no. 04 (December 30, 2016): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1596057.
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Background In experimental models of neuronal damage, therapeutic hypothermia proved to be a powerful neuroprotective method. In clinical studies of traumatic brain injury (TBI), this very distinct effect was not reproducible. Several meta-analyses draw different conclusions about whether therapeutic hypothermia can improve outcome after TBI. Adverse side effects of systemic hypothermia, such as severe pneumonia, have been held responsible by some authors to counteract the neuroprotective effect. Selective brain cooling (SBC) attempts to take advantage of the protective effects of therapeutic hypothermia without the adverse side effects of systemic hypothermia. Methods Three different methods of SBC were applied in a patient who had severe TBI with recurrent increases of intracranial pressure (ICP) refractory to conventional forms of treatment: (1) external cooling of the scalp and neck using ice packs prior to hemicraniectomy, (2) external cooling of the craniectomy defect using ice packs after hemicraniectomy, and (3) cooling by epidural irrigation with cold Ringer solution after hemicraniectomy. Results External scalp cooling before hemicraniectomy, external cooling of the craniectomy defect, and epidural irrigation with cold fluid resulted in temperature differences (brain temperature to body temperature) of − 0.2°, − 0.7°, and − 3.6°C, respectively. ICP declined with decreasing brain temperature. Conclusion Previous external cooling attempts for SBC faced the problem that brain temperature could not be lowered without a simultaneous decrease of systemic temperature. After hemicraniectomy, epidural irrigation with cold fluid may be a simple and effective way to lower ICP and apply one of the most powerful methods of cerebroprotection after severe TBI.
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Ashrostaghi, Tahereh, Sasan Aliniaeifard, Aida Shomali, Shiva Azizinia, Jahangir Abbasi Koohpalekani, Moein Moosavi-Nezhad, and Nazim S. Gruda. "Light Intensity: The Role Player in Cucumber Response to Cold Stress." Agronomy 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010201.
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Low temperatures are a substantial limitation in the geographic distribution of warm-season crops such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Tolerance to low temperatures varies among different plant species and genotypes when changes in environmental cues occur. Therefore, biochemical and biophysical events should be coordinated to form a physiological response and cope with low temperatures. We examined how light intensity influences the effects of low temperature on photosynthesis and some biochemical traits. We used chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and polyphasic fluorescence transient to analyze cold stress damage by 4 °C. Photosynthetic Photon Flux Densities (PPFDs) of 0, 300, and 600 μmol m−2 s−1, in four accessions of cucumber, were investigated. The results show that the negative effects of cold stress are PPFD-dependent. The adverse effect of cold stress on the electron transport chain is more pronounced in plants exposed to 600 μmol m−2 s−1 than the control and dark-exposed plants, indicated by a disturbance in the electron transport chain and higher energy dissipation. Moreover, biochemical traits, including the H2O2 content, ascorbate peroxidase activity, electrolyte leakage, and water-soluble carbohydrate, increased under low temperature by increasing the PPFD. In contrast, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased under low temperature through PPFD elevation. Low temperature induced a H2O2 accumulation via suppressing ascorbate peroxidase activity in a PPFD-dependent manner. In conclusion, high PPFDs exacerbate the adverse effects of low temperature on the cucumber seedlings.
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Yap, How Swen, Nur Nadhirah Zakaria, Azham Zulkharnain, Suriana Sabri, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, and Siti Aqlima Ahmad. "Bibliometric Analysis of Hydrocarbon Bioremediation in Cold Regions and a Review on Enhanced Soil Bioremediation." Biology 10, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10050354.
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The increased usage of petroleum oils in cold regions has led to widespread oil pollutants in soils. The harsh environmental conditions in cold environments allow the persistence of these oil pollutants in soils for more than 20 years, raising adverse threats to the ecosystem. Microbial bioremediation was proposed and employed as a cost-effective tool to remediate petroleum hydrocarbons present in soils without significantly posing harmful side effects. However, the conventional hydrocarbon bioremediation requires a longer time to achieve the clean-up standard due to various environmental factors in cold regions. Recent biotechnological improvements using biostimulation and/or bioaugmentation strategies are reported and implemented to enhance the hydrocarbon removal efficiency under cold conditions. Thus, this review focuses on the enhanced bioremediation for hydrocarbon-polluted soils in cold regions, highlighting in situ and ex situ approaches and few potential enhancements via the exploitation of molecular and microbial technology in response to the cold condition. The bibliometric analysis of the hydrocarbon bioremediation research in cold regions is also presented.
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Medina-Gomez, G., R. M. Calvo, and M. J. Obregon. "Thermogenic effect of triiodothyroacetic acid at low doses in rat adipose tissue without adverse side effects in the thyroid axis." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 294, no. 4 (April 2008): E688—E697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00417.2007.
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Triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) is a physiological product of triiodothyronine (T3) metabolism, with high affinity for T3 nuclear receptors. Its interest stems from its potential thermogenic effects. Thus this work aimed 1) to clarify these thermogenic effects mediated by TRIAC vs. T3 in vivo and 2) to determine whether they occurred predominantly in adipose tissues. To examine this, control rats were infused with equimolar T3 or TRIAC doses (0.8 or 4 nmol·100 g body wt−1·day−1) or exposed for 48 h to cold. Both T3 doses and only the highest TRIAC dose inhibited plasma and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) in plasma and tissues. Interestingly, the lower TRIAC dose marginally inhibited plasma T4. T3 infusion increased plasma and tissue T3 in a tissue-specific manner. The highest TRIAC dose increased TRIAC concentrations in plasma and tissues, decreasing plasma T3. TRIAC concentrations in tissues were <10% those of T3. Under cold exposure or high T3 doses, TRIAC increased only in white adipose tissue (WAT). Remarkably, only the lower TRIAC dose activated thermogenesis, inducing ectopic uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 expression in WAT and maximal increases in UCP-1, UCP-2, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT), inhibiting UCP-2 in muscle and LPL in WAT. TRIAC, T3, and cold exposure inhibited leptin secretion and mRNA in WAT. In summary, TRIAC, at low doses, induces thermogenic effects in adipose tissues without concomitant inhibition of TSH or hypothyroxinemia, suggesting a specific role regulating energy balance. This selective effect of TRIAC in adipose tissues might be considered a potential tool to increase energy metabolism.
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Hemilä, Harri, Jari Haukka, Marianne Alho, Jussi Vahtera, and Mika Kivimäki. "Zinc acetate lozenges for the treatment of the common cold: a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): e031662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031662.
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ObjectiveTo examine a commercially available zinc acetate lozenge for treating the common cold.DesignRandomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.SettingWorking population in Finland.ParticipantsWe included men and women aged ≥18 years who usually had ≥1 cold per winter. Exclusions were pregnancy, lactation, chronic runny nose or chronic cough.InterventionWe randomised 253 participants to receive a package of lozenges to be taken if they caught the common cold. Of the 253 participants, 88 contracted the common cold and 87 were included in our primary analysis. Zinc acetate lozenges contained 13 mg elemental zinc and placebo lozenges contained sucrose octa-acetate to camouflage the taste of zinc. Instruction to use was six times per day for the maximum of 5 days.Primary outcomeRate of recovery from the common cold analysed by Cox regression.ResultsThere was no difference in the recovery rate between zinc and placebo participants during the 10-day follow-up (rate ratio for zinc vs placebo=0.68, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.08; p=0.10). The recovery rate for the two groups was similar during the 5-day intervention, but for 2 days after the end of zinc/placebo use, the zinc participants recovered significantly slower compared with the placebo participants (p=0.003). In the zinc group, 37% did not report adverse effects, the corresponding proportion being 69% in the placebo group.ConclusionsA commercially available zinc acetate lozenge was not effective in treating the common cold when instructed to be used for 5 days after the first symptoms. Taste has been a common problem in previous zinc lozenge trials, but a third of zinc participants did not complain of any adverse effects. More research is needed to evaluate the characteristics of zinc lozenges that may be clinically efficacious before zinc lozenges can be widely promoted for common cold treatment.Trial registration numberNCT03309995.
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Monbaliu, D., Q. Liu, K. Vekemans, T. Roskams, and J. Pirenne. "Potentiation of Adverse Effects of Cold by Warm Ischemia in Circulatory Death Donors for Porcine Liver Transplantation." Transplantation Proceedings 44, no. 9 (November 2012): 2874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.078.
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Han, Zhaolan, Chen Zhang, Huan Zhang, Yu Duan, Zhongwei Zou, Lin Zhou, Xujun Zhu, Wanping Fang, and Yuanchun Ma. "CsMYB Transcription Factors Participate in Jasmonic Acid Signal Transduction in Response to Cold Stress in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)." Plants 11, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 2869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212869.
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Low-temperature stress is an increasing problem for the cultivation of tea (Camellia sinensis), with adverse effects on plant growth and development and subsequent negative impacts on the tea industry. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), as a plant inducer, can improve the cold-stress tolerance in tea plants. R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) are considered potentially important regulators in the resistance to cold stress in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms, by which MYB TFs via the jasmonic acid pathway respond to cold stress in the tea plant, remain unknown. In this study, physiological and biochemical assays showed that exogenous MeJA application could effectively promote ROS scavenging in the tea plant under cold stress, maintaining the stability of the cell membrane. Sixteen R2R3-MYB TFs genes were identified from the tea plant genome database. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that three CsMYB genes were strongly induced under a combination of MeJA and cold-stress treatment. Subcellular localization assays suggest CsMYB45, CsMYB46, and CsMYB105 localized in the nucleus. Exogenous MeJA treatment enhanced the overexpression of CsMYB45, CsMYB46, and CsMYB105 in E. coli and improved the growth and survival rates of recombinant cells compared to an empty vector under cold stress. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments confirmed that CsMYB46 and CsMYB105 interacted with CsJAZ3, CsJAZ10, and CsJAZ11 in the nucleus. Taken together, these results highlight that CsMYB45, CsMYB46, and CsMYB105 are not only key components in the cold-stress signal response pathway but also may serve as points of confluence for cold stress and JA signaling pathways. Furthermore, our findings provide new insight into how MYB TFs influence cold tolerance via the jasmonic acid pathway in tea and provide candidate genes for future functional studies and breeding.
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Wang, Tong Bo, Bo Long Li, Mian Li, and Zuo Ren Nie. "Effects of Initial Micro-Structures on Deformation Behaviors of Commercial Pure Titanium." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 2050–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.2050.
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In this paper, effects of initial micro-structures on deformation behaviors of commercial pure titanium were elaborated by investigating the evolution of dislocation boundary and its adiabatic shear sensitivity. At the low to medium stain rates, the main plastic deformation mechanism of as-annealed commercial pure titanium is dislocation slipping. Meanwhile, geometrically necessary boundaries (GNBs) with different directions are generated and crossed with each other. However, new dislocation boundaries are formed in as-cold rolled plates, which are parallel to the initial ones induced by cold rolling. When the strain rate is up to 1000 s-1, the initial dislocation boundary playes an adverse role in the adiabatic shear sensitivity of commercial pure titanium. The adiabatic shear band is the high-speed deformation characteristic micro-structure in commercial pure titanium. In addition, dynamic recrystallized grains are generated in the center of an adiabatic shear band, which is consistent with the sub-grain rotation mechanism.
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VOGEL, BIRTE FONNESBECH, YOKE YIN NG, GRETHE HYLDIG, MONA MOHR, and LONE GRAM. "Potassium Lactate Combined with Sodium Diacetate Can Inhibit Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in Vacuum-Packed Cold-Smoked Salmon and Has No Adverse Sensory Effects." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.9.2134.
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Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat fish products such as cold-smoked salmon is an important food safety issue. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antilisterial activity of potassium lactate (PL) in combination with sodium acetate (SA) or sodium diacetate (SDA) in cold-smoked salmon and to determine whether these compounds could be incorporated easily into the formulations and technology currently used by processors. A commercial brine injector was used to inject salmon filets with either saturated saline brine or saturated saline brine supplemented with combinations of PL and SA (PURASAL Opti.Form PA 4) or PL and SDA (PURASAL Opti.Form PD 4). In the brine-injected cold-smoked salmon, 2.1% (water phase) PL and 0.12% (water phase) SDA delayed the growth of L. monocytogenes for up to 42 days of vacuum-packaged storage at 10°C. Storage at 25°C for 6 h resulted in only a 1-log CFU/g increase in L. monocytogenes. Treatments with lower concentrations of PL and SDA or similar concentrations of PL and SA resulted in an extended lag phase and slower growth of L. monocytogenes. It was not possible to incorporate more than 2% (water phase) PL while ensuring a minimum of 3% (water phase) NaCl in the finished product because PL decreased the solubility of NaCl. Sensory analyses revealed that the preservatives did not negatively affect flavor or odor. The combination of PL and SDA is therefore a viable technology for preventing L. monocytogenes growth on cold-smoked salmon.
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Sterrantino, Carmel, Gonçalo Duarte, João Costa, and António Vaz-Carneiro. "Análise da Revisão Cochrane: Antihistamínicos para a Constipação. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;11:CD009345." Acta Médica Portuguesa 29, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.7526.
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The common cold is an acute, self-limiting inflammation of the mucosa of the upper airways, which may involve one or all the sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx. It is common to have at least one episode per year. Common cold symptoms, which may include sore throat, sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, headache, malaise and mild fever usually disappear within a few days without treatment. The causative agent of most colds is rhinovirus. Although not associated with mortality, common cold is associated with significant morbidity. There is no vaccine or cure for common cold and, therefore, their treatment is centered on relieving the symptoms. This Cochrane review aimed to synthesize the existing evidence about the clinical benefit of antihistamines, used as monotherapy, compared with placebo or no treatment in children and adult patients with common cold. A total of 18 randomized clinical trials with 4342 participants were included. Main results were: 1) Antihistamines have a small (days one and two) beneficial effect in the short term on the severity of overall symptoms in adult patients, although this effect is not present in the medium to long term; 2) antihistamines were not associated with a clinically significant beneficial effect on the individual symptoms (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing); 3) Antihistamines are not associated with an increased risk of adverse effects; 4) No conclusion can be made about the effectiveness of antihistamines in pediatric populations. Our interpretation of the results is that the available evidence is insufficient to support the prescription or buying OTC antihistamines to relieve the symptoms of common cold without allergic component.
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Augusto, Laura Gianni. "Intranasal Zinc in the Management of the Common Cold." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 6 (December 2006): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190006297066.
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Because zinc ions may prevent rhinovirus from attaching to and infecting cells in the nasal cavity, it has been recently hypothesized that direct application of ionic zinc to the nasal mucosa would be effective in reducing the duration of rhinovirus-associated colds. Five studies that compare intranasal zinc to placebo were identified in the medical literature. These studies provide conflicting results and are reviewed in detail. In the clinical trials that found efficacy, intranasal zinc was administered within the first 24 to 48 hours of the onset of cold symptoms. Adverse effects reported in clinical trials include nasal stinging or burning, epistaxis, headache, dry nose, dry mouth, nasal irritation, throat irritation, and nasal pain. Also of importance, case reports of intranasal zinc—induced persistent anosmia (complete loss of the sense of smell) have been reported in the literature. It is important that pharmacists inform their patients who want to use intranasal zinc of this possible complication.
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Cheng, Chun-Gu, Shang-Yih Yen, Chih-Chun Hsiao, Yen-Yue Lin, Yin-Han Chang, Yu-Hsuan Chen, and Chun-An Cheng. "Short-Term Exposure Effect of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter, Ozone and Cold Temperature on Emergency Room Visits for Asthma Patients." Toxics 11, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020094.
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(1) Background: The acute effects of ozone, cold temperature and particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in size related to asthma attacks are well known worldwide. The adverse effects of ozone and cold temperature on asthma morbidity in Taiwan are still inconclusive. (2) Methods: This retrospective study included patients who had asthma emergency room visits (ERVs) from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019 in a regional hospital in Taiwan. The short-term negative effects were estimated using Distributed Lag Non-Linear Models (DLNMs) for the relative risks (RRs) of asthma ERVs associated with PM2.5, ozone and cold temperature exposures within 5 days. (3) Results: There was a significant association between a 10 ppm increase in PM2.5 exposure and asthma ERVs at a 2-day lag (RR 1.166, 95% confidence interval (C.I.): 1.051–1.294). There was a significant association between ozone and asthma ERVs at a 1-day lag (RR 1.179, 95% C.I.: 1.034–1.345). The ambient temperature in cold weather compared with the temperature of minimum asthma ERV showed an RR of 1.214, 95% C.I.: 1.009–1.252 at a 1-day lag. (4) Conclusions: This study provides evidence that short-term exposure to fine suspended particulates, ozone and inverse temperature is associated with asthma exacerbation.
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Qin, Jiamin, Jingqi Zhang, Guojuan Fan, Xiaoxia Wang, Yuzhong Zhang, Ling Wang, Yapei Zhang, et al. "Cold Atmospheric Plasma Activates Selective Photothermal Therapy of Cancer." Molecules 27, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 5941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185941.
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Due to the body’s systemic distribution of photothermal agents (PTAs), and to the imprecise exposure of lasers, photothermal therapy (PTT) is challenging to use in treating tumor sites selectively. Striving for PTT with high selectivity and precise treatment is nevertheless important, in order to raise the survival rate of cancer patients and lower the likelihood of adverse effects on other body sections. Here, we studied cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a supplementary procedure to enhance selectivity of PTT for cancer, using the classical photothermic agent’s gold nanostars (AuNSs). In in vitro experiments, CAP decreases the effective power of PTT: the combination of PTT with CAP at lower power has similar cytotoxicity to that using higher power irradiation alone. In in vivo experiments, combination therapy can achieve rapid tumor suppression in the early stages of treatment and reduce side effects to surrounding normal tissues, compared to applying PTT alone. This research provides a strategy for the use of selective PTT for cancer, and promotes the clinical transformation of CAP.
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Mader, T. L., J. B. Gaughan, W. M. Kreikemeier, and A. M. Parkhurst. "Behavioural effects of yearling grain-finished heifers exposed to differing environmental conditions and growth-promoting agents." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 9 (2008): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07385.
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Two groups of 108 Angus cross yearling heifers were utilised to determine the effects of growth-promoting agents on behaviour, when utilised under thermoneutral, hot and cold environmental conditions. Pens of heifers were observed throughout the day for feed intake pattern via bunk score, panting (hot), degree of bunching and shivering (cold). For cattle that were exposed to cold stress, feed intake was greater earlier in the day, with the majority of the feed consumed by 1500 hours and little or no feed consumed at night, while the opposite trend occurred under heat stress. Nearly 46% of the pens containing heat-stressed heifers had greater than 50% of their feed remaining in the bunk at 1900 hours. Pens of heifers exposed to thermoneutral conditions had a tendency to show elevated panting scores at 0700 hours, while heifers exposed to hot conditions did not, indicating some acclimation to heat stress had already taken place for the heifers exposed to hot conditions. Panting score did not appear to be affected by growth-promoting treatment. Under cold stress, 100% of the cattle displayed bunching behaviour throughout the day, while under hot and thermoneutral conditions, maximum bunching (25 to 30%) occurred at 1500 hours. Within an environmental condition, trenbolone acetate cattle tended to bunch more under thermoneutral and hot conditions, particularly in the morning, when compared with other treatment groups; control and oestrogen-treated cattle tended to bunch less under the same conditions, regardless of the time of day. Although data were inconclusive as to overall effects of growth promotants on mitigating cold stress, shivering scores were increased with a more aggressive growth-promoting treatment (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that if growth promotants, which are used in feedlot cattle, impact cattle exposed to adverse environmental conditions, then they tend to be more effective at mitigating heat stress than cold stress.
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Kidane, Dawit, Marco Ferrante, Xiao-Ming Man, Wan-Xue Liu, Fang-Hao Wan, and Nian-Wan Yang. "Cold Storage Effects on Fitness of the Whitefly Parasitoids Encarsia sophia and Eretmocerus hayati." Insects 11, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11070428.
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Successful biological control of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci involves the mass rearing of biocontrol agents in large numbers for field release. Cold storage of the biocontrol agents is often necessary to provide a sufficient number of biocontrol agents during an eventual pest outbreak. In this study, the fitness of two whitefly parasitoids Encarsia sophia Girault and Dodd (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich and Rose (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was evaluated under fluctuating cold storage temperatures. The emergence rate of old pupae of either species was not affected when stored at 12, 10, 8 and 6 °C for 1 week. Cold storage had no effect on the longevity of the emerging adult En. sophia except young pupae stored at 4 °C, while Er. hayati was negatively affected after 2 weeks of storage time at all temperatures. Parasitism by adults emerging from older pupae stored at 12 °C for 1 week was equivalent to the control. Combined with the results for the emergence time, we suggest that the old pupal stage of En. sophia and Er. hayati could be stored at 12 and 10 °C, respectively (transferred every 22 h to 26 ± 1 °C for 2 h), for 1 week, with no or little adverse effect.
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Anwar, Muhuddin Rajin, David J. Luckett, Yashvir S. Chauhan, Ryan H. L. Ip, Lancelot Maphosa, Marja Simpson, Annie Warren, et al. "Modelling the effects of cold temperature during the reproductive stage on the yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)." International Journal of Biometeorology 66, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-021-02197-8.
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Abstract During the reproductive stage, chilling temperatures and frost reduce the yield of chickpea and limit its adaptation. The adverse effects of chilling temperature and frost in terms of the threshold temperatures, impact of cold duration, and genotype-by-environment-by-management interactions are not well quantified. Crop growth models that predict flowering time and yield under diverse climates can identify combinations of cultivars and sowing time to reduce frost risk in target environments. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM-chickpea) model uses daily temperatures to model basic crop growth but does not include penalties for either frost damage or cold temperatures during flowering and podding stages. Regression analysis overcame this limitation of the model for chickpea crops grown at 95 locations in Australia using 70 years of historic data incorporating three cultivars and three sowing times (early, mid, and late). We modified model parameters to include the effect of soil water on thermal time calculations, which significantly improved the prediction of flowering time. Simulated data, and data from field experiments grown in Australia (2013 to 2019), showed robust predictions for flowering time (n = 29; R2 = 0.97), and grain yield (n = 22; R2 = 0.63–0.70). In addition, we identified threshold cold temperatures that significantly affected predicted yield, and combinations of locations, variety, and sowing time where the overlap between peak cold temperatures and peak flowering was minimal. Our results showed that frost and/or cold temperature–induced yield losses are a major limitation in some unexpected Australian locations, e.g., inland, subtropical latitudes in Queensland. Intermediate sowing maximise yield, as it avoids cold temperature, late heat, and drought stresses potentially limiting yield in early and late sowing respectively.
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Dai, Yuchen, Antonio S. Kaiser, Yuanshen Lu, Alexander Y. Klimenko, Peixin Dong, and Kamel Hooman. "Addressing the adverse cold air inflow effects for a short natural draft dry cooling tower through swirl generation." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 145 (December 2019): 118738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118738.
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Kabeya, Daisuke. "Differentiating between the Adverse Effects of Nutrient-Limitation and Direct-Cold-Limitation on Tree Growth at High Altitudes." Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 42, no. 4 (November 2010): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-42.4.430.
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Martini, Nataly. "Potion or Poison? Vitamin C." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 3 (2014): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14251.
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SUMMARY MESSAGE: For most people, a healthy diet will provide an adequate dose of vitamin C. Use of vitamin C may reduce the duration of symptoms but not the incidence of the common cold. High doses (>2 g/day) can have adverse effects and may interact with warfarin and aluminium. Vitamin C should be used cautiously with oestrogens, cancer chemotherapy, HIV medications, statins and fluphenazine.
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Sabnis, Ashwini S., Christopher A. Reilly, John M. Veranth, and Garold S. Yost. "Increased transcription of cytokine genes in human lung epithelial cells through activation of a TRPM8 variant by cold temperatures." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 295, no. 1 (July 2008): L194—L200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00072.2008.
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Recognition of temperature is a critical element of sensory perception and allows mammals to evaluate both their external environment and internal status. The respiratory epithelium is constantly exposed to the external environment, and prolonged inhalation of cold air is detrimental to human airways. However, the mechanisms responsible for adverse effects elicited by cold air on the human airways are poorly understood. Transient receptor potential melastatin family member 8 (TRPM8) is a well-established cold- and menthol-sensing cation channel. We recently discovered a functional cold- and menthol-sensing variant of the TRPM8 ion channel in human lung epithelial cells. The present study explores the hypothesis that this TRPM8 variant mediates airway cell inflammatory responses elicited by cold air/temperatures. Here, we show that activation of the TRPM8 variant in human lung epithelial cells leads to increased expression of several cytokine and chemokine genes, including IL-1α, -1β, -4, -6, -8, and -13, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and TNF-α. Our results provide new insights into mechanisms that potentially control airway inflammation due to inhalation of cold air and suggest a possible role for the TRPM8 variant in the pathophysiology of asthma.
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Akhlaghi, A., M. J. Zamiri, Y. Jafari Ahangari, M. R. Mollasalehi, H. Shojaie, H. Atashi, B. Navidshad, A. A. Akhlaghi, and M. Dadpasand. "Growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens produced from hyperthyroid breeder hens." Animal Production Science 53, no. 10 (2013): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12302.
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An association between induced maternal hyperthyroidism and a decreased incidence of cold-induced ascites in broiler chickens has been reported recently. There are also reports suggesting that thyroid hormones have an effect on intestine, a high oxygen-demanding organ. The present study aimed to determine whether the ascites-attenuating effect of maternal hyperthyroidism is associated with morphological changes in intestine and with probable adverse effects on growth performance in progeny chicks. Eighty-eight broiler breeder hens were allotted to control or hyperthyroid [HYPER; thyroxine-treated] groups, and artificially inseminated. Hatching eggs (n = 924) were incubated and day-old male chicks (n = 288) were reared for 42 days under standard or low ambient temperature. Plasma thyroxine was higher in the HYPER hens and their embryos at internal pipping. Maternal hyperthyroidism did not adversely affect the feed : gain ratio and carcass weight, whereas cold stress impaired them. A higher relative weight was found at 42 days of age for all intestinal regions at low ambient temperature. The duodenal and jejunal crypt depths (CD) were lower in HYPER group at 7 days of age. Cold exposure decreased the duodenal and jejunal villus height and CD, and increased the ileal goblet cell number at 21 days. On Day 42, higher values were recorded for CD, goblet cell number, and epithelial thickness of different intestinal regions in cold-exposed birds. In conclusion, growth performance was not adversely influenced by maternal hyperthyroidism and its minimal early effect on intestinal morphology does not appear to be the underlying mechanism for decreased incidence of ascites in broilers.
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Roberts, Donald E., Michael N. Sawka, Andrew J. Young, and Beau J. Freund. "Pyridostigmine bromide does not alter thermoregulation during exercise in cold air." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-112.
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This study examined the effects of acute and chronic pyridostigmine bromide (PB) administration on thermoregulatory and metabolic responses to exercise in cold air (5 °C). Seven healthy men completed two 7-day trials in a double-blind, crossover experimental design: during one trial they received PB (30 mg three times daily) and during the other trial they received placebo. For each trial, subjects attempted four (3 h) exercise tests: low-intensity exercise (~ 25% [Formula: see text]) and moderate-intensity exercise (~ 50% [Formula: see text]), on days 2 and 3 and again on days 6 and 7. Metabolic rate, body temperatures, and venous blood samples were obtained before and during exercise. Red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition induced by PB increased (p < 0.05) from 34% on day 1 to 43% on days 3–7. Metabolic rate, body temperatures, and regional heat conductance responses were not different between trials. Plasma glucose, glycerol, free fatty acid, lactate, sodium, and potassium concentrations were not different between trials. In addition, differences were not found between acute and chronic experiments for any thermoregulatory or metabolic responses. These findings demonstrate that the PB dosage used by military personnel, as a pharmacological defense against nerve-agent poisoning, should not cause any adverse thermoregulatory or metabolic effects during moderate activity in cold climates.Key words: anticholinesterase, cold-induced vasoconstriction, cold-induced thermogenesis, cold stress, insulative shell, body temperature regulation.
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Cowley, A. J., S. Heptinstall, and J. R. Hampton. "Effects of Prostacyclin and of the Stable Prostacyclin Analogue ZK 36374 on Forearm Blood Flow and Blood Platelet Behaviour in Man." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 53, no. 01 (1985): 090–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661243.
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SummaryPGI2 and ZK 36374 were each infused into volunteers and the effects on forearm blood flow and on platelet behaviour were determined. Infusions of PGI2 or ZK 36374 did not alter resting forearm blood flow but both agents reduced the extent of the vasoconstriction that occurred in response to cold. ZK 36374 appeared to be a much more potent inhibitor of platelet behaviour than PGI2 when blood was taken while the infusions were in progress, but the effects of both agents were no longer evident one hour after the infusions were terminated. There was an inverse relationship between the extent of cold-induced vasoconstriction and the concentration of sodium arachidonate that was needed to induce platelet aggregation for different individuals. Infusions of PGI2 affected both parameters equally but ZK 36374 had a greater effect on platelet behaviour than on blood flow. It is possible that very low doses of ZK 36374 would result in inhibition of platelet behaviour without producing adverse haemodynamic effects.
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Liu, Xiaotao, Shuang Li, Ning Zhao, Lu Xing, Rixin Gong, Tingting Li, Shijie Zhang, Jianhong Li, and Jun Bao. "Effects of Acute Cold Stress after Intermittent Cold Stimulation on Immune-Related Molecules, Intestinal Barrier Genes, and Heat Shock Proteins in Broiler Ileum." Animals 12, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 3260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12233260.
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Cold stress will have a negative impact on animal welfare and health. In order to explore the effect of intermittent cold stimulation training on the cold resistance of broilers. Immune-related and intestinal barrier genes were detected before and after acute cold stress (ACS), aiming to find an optimal cold stimulation training method. A total of 240 1-day-old Ross broilers (Gallus) were divided into three groups (G1, G2, and G3), each with 5 replicates (16 chickens each replicate). The broilers of G1 were raised at normal temperature, while the broilers of G2 and G3 were treated with cold stimulation at 3 °C lower than the G1 for 3 h and 6 h from 15 to 35 d, respectively, at one-day intervals. At 50 d, the ambient temperature for all groups was reduced to 10 °C for six hours. The results demonstrated that before ACS, IL6, IL17, TLR21, and HSP40 mRNA levels in G3 were apparently down-regulated (p < 0.05), while IL8 and Claudin-1 mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated compared with G1 (p < 0.05). After ACS, IL2, IL6, and IL8 expression levels in G3 were lower than those in G2 (p < 0.05). Compared to G2, Claudin-1, HSP90 mRNA levels, HSP40, and HSP70 protein levels were increased in G3 (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of TLR5, Mucin2, and Claudin-1 in G2 and IL6, IL8, and TLR4 in G3 were down-regulated after ACS, while IL2, IL6, and IL17 mRNA levels in G2 and HSP40 protein levels in G3 were up-regulated after ACS (p < 0.05). Comprehensive investigation shows that cold stimulation at 3 °C lower than the normal feeding temperature for six hours at one day intervals can enhanced immune function and maintain the stability of intestinal barrier function to lessen the adverse effects on ACS in broilers.
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Borisova, Daria S., and Valerii P. Chashchin. "Current issues of protection of reproductive health in population residing in cold climate regions (literature review)." Hygiene and sanitation 101, no. 8 (September 14, 2022): 886–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-8-886-895.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. 40% of the total number of employees are constantly or periodically engaged in work in open areas and in unheated industrial premises. Given that more than 70% of the country’s territory is in cold climate areas, the tasks of preserving their health are a priority. The original articles on the assessment of adverse effects of natural and climatic factors in cold climate regions on the reproductive health of the population, presented in databases and information systems: RSCI, CyberLeninka, Scopus, Web of Science and meeting the criteria for compliance with the stated purpose and quality of research, were analyzed. A significant part of reproductive losses has been proven to be related to the exposure to a number of occupational risk factors; however, workers’ engagement in outdoor operations with a higher risk of cold stress in combination with other factors remains one of the least studied problems of preventive medicine. Considering more than 70% of the country’s territory to be represented by cold climate regions, where up to 40% of the total workforce are permanently or periodically engaged in outdoor works and in unheated industrial premises, the protection of their health is a national priority. A total of two hundred three full-text publications were identified by targeted search, of which 132 fully met these inclusion criteria. Conclusion. As a result of a systematic review of published works available in national and international bibliographic indexing systems, including the results of our own research, engagement in work operations in cold climate regions has been proved to be associated with the risk of functional overstrain of most human life-supporting systems leading to health impairments. To date, there have been identified a significant number of occupational risk factors including chemical, physical, biological, psycho-emotional and ergonomic ones that might induce adverse effects on the reproductive health of women and men such as acute and chronic damage to reproductive functions, fetal development impairment and increased early perinatal mortality. At the same time, the role of cooling weather and climatic factors in the occurrence of such disorders, primarily among workers who systematically perform work operations outside heated industrial premises in cold climate regions there is least studied.
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Maria I Dalamagka. "Combination of ketamine, corticosteroids and sevoflurane inhibits the risk of bronchospasm in intubated children under general anesthesia." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.11.1.0108.
Full textAbstract:
Asthma in children is associated with significant morbidity. Children with severe asthma are at increased risk for adverse outcomes including medication-related side effects, life-threatening exacerbations, and impaired quality of life. In the study, an asthmatic child with a recent cold, received general anesthesia for emergency surgery centered on sevoflurane, corticosteroids and ketamine. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the combination of sevoflurane, ketamine and corticosteroids in asthmatic children and to prevent complications when they are given general anesthesia for emergency surgery.
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Caleb, Ibitamuno, Benedek Kasza, Luca Erlitz, Dávid Semjén, Péter Hardi, Lilla Makszin, Szilárd Rendeki, Ildikó Takács, Tibor Nagy, and Gábor Jancsó. "The Effects of Rapamycin on the Intestinal Graft in a Rat Model of Cold Ischemia Perfusion and Preservation." Metabolites 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12090794.
Full textAbstract:
Attenuating the rheological and structural consequences of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-injury (IRI) is important in transplant proceedings. Preconditioning is an often-proposed remedy. This technique uses physical or pharmacological methods to manipulate key ischemia pathways, such as oxidation, inflammation, and autophagy, prior to ischemia. This study determined the time-dependent effects of Rapamycin preconditioning on small-bowel grafts undergoing cold ischemia perfusion and preservation. Our main parameters were mucosa and cell injury and autophagy. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: sham, preservation-control, and 3 treated groups (Rapamycin administered either 0, 30, or 60 min prior to perfusion). After perfusion, the intestines were placed in chilled IGL-1 solution for 12 h. Thereafter, they were reperfused. Histology and bioanalysis (LDH and lactate) were used to ascertain intestinal injury while immunohistochemistry was used for measuring changes in autophagy markers (Beclin-1, LC3B, and p62 proteins). The results show no significant difference amongst the groups after vascular perfusion. However, intestinal injury findings and autophagy changes demonstrate that administering Rapamycin 30 min or 60 min prior was protective against adverse cold ischemia and reperfusion of the intestinal graft. These findings show that Rapamycin is protective against cold ischemia of the small intestine, especially when administered 30 min before the onset.
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Song, Shanglin, Meichen Liang, Linbing Wang, Dongna Li, Meng Guo, Luchun Yan, Xingjun Zhang, and Weixun Ding. "Effects of Different Natural Factors on Rheological Properties of SBS Modified Asphalt." Materials 15, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 5628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165628.
Full textAbstract:
Typical climatic environments such as UV radiation, high temperature and strong wind in cold and arid regions have a significant effect on asphalt aging. The intent of this work is to reveal the evolution law of natural aging of SBS-modified asphalt under the complex adverse climate environment in cold and arid regions. Furthermore, the contribution rate of various environmental factors of natural aging of asphalt in cold and arid regions was analyzed. Based on rheological parameters, this paper characterized the influence of natural aging on the viscoelastic properties, rutting resistance at a high temperature, fatigue resistance and cracking resistance at a low temperature of SBS-modified asphalt. The evolution law of natural aging performance of SBS-modified asphalt was revealed. A quantitative evaluation index (CIi) of natural aging contribution rate of asphalt was put forward and the contribution rate of various environmental factors to asphalt natural aging was analyzed. The results showed that the effects of simulated aging and natural aging on asphalt properties were similar. After aging, the viscoelastic properties of asphalt were deteriorated, and the risk of fatigue cracking and low temperature cracking was increased. It also enhanced the deformation resistance of asphalt and increased the rutting resistance at high temperature. The aging contribution index CIi obtained based on rheological parameters such as complex modulus and rutting factor could directly reflect the influence of different natural factors on the performance of asphalt during aging. Among them, the effect of thermal oxygen was more obvious on the natural aging of SBS-modified asphalt.
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Tung, Chao-Hsiung, Luci Wisniewski, and David R. DeYoe. "Effects of prolonged cold storage on phenology and performance of Douglas-fir and noble fir 2 + 0 seedlings from high-elevation sources." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 3 (June 1, 1986): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-084.
Full textAbstract:
Survival, phenology, and growth performance of 2 + 0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.) seedlings planted at 1500 m in the Oregon Cascade Range were determined following a lifting on November 7 with 7 months of cold storage or lifting on March 1 with 3 months of cold storage. Storage temperature remained between 1 and 2 °C. There was no difference in Douglas-fir survival attributable to the lifting – cold-storage treatments during the first two growing seasons. The first-season survival of noble fir stored for 7 months was superior to that of those stored for 3 months, but no difference was evident after the second growing season. Timing of bud burst did not differ significantly among treatments for either species. However, the rate of bud burst was significantly greater for noble fir seedlings lifted in November and stored 7 months than for those lifted in March and stored 3 months. No difference in the rate of bud burst was observed between treatments for Douglas-fir. Shoot/root ratio for both species and treatments decreased significantly in the first growing season, but did not change significantly in the second growing season. Regardless of species, no differences were found in height growth or diameter increment between the two lifting – cold-storage treatments for the two consecutive growing seasons. The results suggest that Douglas-fir and noble fir seedlings originating from high-elevation seed sources can be lifted in fall and cold stored for 7 months without adverse effects on seedling performance.
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Ren, Jing, Yong Long, Ran Liu, Guili Song, Qing Li, and Zongbin Cui. "Characterization of Biological Pathways Regulating Acute Cold Resistance of Zebrafish." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063028.
Full textAbstract:
Low temperature stress represents a major threat to the lives of both farmed and wild fish species. However, biological pathways determining the development of cold resistance in fish remain largely unknown. Zebrafish larvae at 96 hpf were exposed to lethal cold stress (10 °C) for different time periods to evaluate the adverse effects at organism, tissue and cell levels. Time series RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiments were performed to delineate the transcriptomic landscape of zebrafish larvae under cold stress and during the subsequent rewarming phase. The genes regulated by cold stress were characterized by progressively enhanced or decreased expression, whereas the genes associated with rewarming were characterized by rapid upregulation upon return to normal temperature (28 °C). Genes such as trib3, dusp5 and otud1 were identified as the representative molecular markers of cold-induced damages through network analysis. Biological pathways involved in cold stress responses were mined from the transcriptomic data and their functions in regulating cold resistance were validated using specific inhibitors. The autophagy, FoxO and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways were revealed to be survival pathways for enhancing cold resistance, while apoptosis and necroptosis were the death pathways responsible for cold-induced mortality. Functional mechanisms of the survival-enhancing factors Foxo1, ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and p38 MAPK were further characterized by inhibiting their activities upon cold stress and analyzing gene expression though RNA-seq. These factors were demonstrated to determine the cold resistance of zebrafish through regulating apoptosis and p53 signaling pathway. These findings have provided novel insights into the stress responses elicited by lethal cold and shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying cold resistance of fish.