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Journal articles on the topic 'Cold air outbreak'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Fletcher, Jennifer K., Shannon Mason, and Christian Jakob. "A Climatology of Clouds in Marine Cold Air Outbreaks in Both Hemispheres." Journal of Climate 29, no. 18 (2016): 6677–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0783.1.

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Abstract A climatology of clouds within marine cold air outbreaks, primarily using long-term satellite observations, is presented. Cloud properties between cold air outbreaks in different regions in both hemispheres are compared. In all regions marine cold air outbreak clouds tend to be low level with high cloud fraction and low-to-moderate optical thickness. Stronger cold air outbreaks have clouds that are optically thicker, but not geometrically thicker, than those in weaker cold air outbreaks. There is some evidence that clouds deepen and break up over the course of a cold air outbreak even

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2

Murray-Watson, Rebecca J., Edward Gryspeerdt, and Tom Goren. "Investigating the development of clouds within marine cold-air outbreaks." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 16 (2023): 9365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9365-2023.

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Abstract. Marine cold-air outbreaks are important parts of the high-latitude climate system and are characterised by strong surface fluxes generated by the air–sea temperature gradient. These fluxes promote cloud formation, which can be identified in satellite imagery by the distinct transformation of stratiform cloud “streets” into a broken field of cumuliform clouds downwind of the outbreak. This evolution in cloud morphology changes the radiative properties of the cloud and therefore is of importance to the surface energy budget. While the drivers of stratocumulus-to-cumulus transitions, su

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Rauber, Robert M., and Robert W. Scott. "Central Illinois Cold Air Funnel Outbreak." Monthly Weather Review 129, no. 11 (2001): 2815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2815:cicafo>2.0.co;2.

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4

Sanchez, Kevin J., Bo Zhang, Hongyu Liu, et al. "North Atlantic Ocean SST-gradient-driven variations in aerosol and cloud evolution along Lagrangian cold-air outbreak trajectories." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 4 (2022): 2795–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2795-2022.

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Abstract. Atmospheric marine particle concentrations impact cloud properties, which strongly impact the amount of solar radiation reflected back into space or absorbed by the ocean surface. While satellites can provide a snapshot of current conditions at the overpass time, models are necessary to simulate temporal variations in both particle and cloud properties. However, poor model accuracy limits the reliability with which these tools can be used to predict future climate. Here, we leverage the comprehensive ocean ecosystem and atmospheric aerosol–cloud dataset obtained during the third depl

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5

Isobe, Atsuhiko, and Robert C. Beardsley. "Atmosphere and Marginal-Sea Interaction Leading to an Interannual Variation in Cold-Air Outbreak Activity over the Japan Sea." Journal of Climate 20, no. 23 (2007): 5707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1779.1.

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Abstract The interannual variation in cold-air outbreak activity over the Japan Sea is investigated using Japan Meteorological Agency buoy 21002 and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) wind data, Japan Oceanographic Data Center sea surface temperature (SST) data, NCEP–NCAR reanalysis surface wind and sea level pressure (SLP) data, and the winter Arctic Oscillation (AO) index of Thompson and Wallace. Cold-air outbreaks occur during the “winter” November–March period, and wind data for this season for the 19-winter period 1981–2000 were analyzed. Wavelet spectra averaged between 5- and 15-day periods

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6

Watanabe, Shun-ichi I., Hiroshi Niino, and Wataru Yanase. "Composite Analysis of Polar Mesocyclones over the Western Part of the Sea of Japan." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 4 (2018): 985–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0107.1.

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Polar mesocyclones occur frequently over the Sea of Japan during winter in association with cold air outbreaks from the Eurasian continent. In this study, the general characteristics of polar mesocyclones over the western part of the Sea of Japan are examined using composite analysis. The synoptic-scale environment associated with these mesocyclones is characterized by a negative sea level pressure anomaly to the east that causes a cold air outbreak at low levels. There is also a geopotential height trough moving eastward at upper levels. In the cold air outbreak, a convergence zone known as t

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Song, Yang, Hongyan Cui, Changshui Xia, et al. "Analysis of Extreme Cold Events of December 2022 and January 2024 in the United States." Atmosphere 15, no. 8 (2024): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15080893.

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In December 2022, the United States (US) experienced an extreme cold event. Its duration was 5 days, and it ranked third in intensity (−9.16 °C) during the period from 1979 to 2022. During the Early Stage (12–16 December), the surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly peaked at 2.98 °C. In the Development Stage (17–21 December), cold air moved towards North America (NA). This event reached its peak during the Outbreak Stage (22–26 December), with a minimum SAT anomaly of −9.16 °C. Concurrently, high pressure occurred in Alaska and the Archipelago region, while low-pressure centers occurred in the

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8

Casey, Michael P., Brian Petrie, Youyu Lu, Sarah MacDermid, and Jean-Philippe Paquin. "Rapid drops of ocean temperatures in several shallow bays in Nova Scotia during a recent cold air outbreak." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 53, no. 2 (2024): 219–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v53i2.12323.

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Abstract From February 3-5, 2023 Atlantic Canada experienced an extremecold Arctic air outbreak with high winds that set many local meteor-ological records, including wind chills as low as -47°C. The impacts of the cold air outbreak on ocean temperatures and ice formation are investigated using predictions from the Coastal Ice-Ocean Prediction System for the East Coast of Canada (CIOPS-E), developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada. Observations from moorings further inform the predictions. The analysis suggests that during the event, several shallow bays and coastal areas in Nova Scot

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9

Schultz, David M., Derek S. Arndt, David J. Stensrud, and Jay W. Hanna. "Snowbands during the Cold-Air Outbreak of 23 January 2003." Monthly Weather Review 132, no. 3 (2004): 827–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0827:sdtcoo>2.0.co;2.

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10

Sun, Wen-Yih, and Wu-Ron Hsu. "Numerical Study of a Cold Air Outbreak over the Ocean." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 45, no. 7 (1988): 1205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<1205:nsoaca>2.0.co;2.

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11

Chakina, N. P., A. R. Ivanova, and I. N. Kuznetsova. "Cold air outbreaks and their signature in the ozonometric data at the mountain station near Kislovodsk, Russia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 1 (2004): 267–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-267-2004.

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Abstract. Two cases of cold air outbreak in November 2001 are analyzed on the basis of ozone concentration measurements and weather data at the mountain station (43°44' N, 42°43 E, 2070 m a.s.l.) near Kislovodsk, North Caucasus, Russia. Two cold fronts, with fast clearing up in the rear of the cloud zone, passed the station in the morning of 12 and 16 November. In both cases, the ozone concentration drops down to 7–8 ppb within the frontal cloud zones, under 100% relative humidity, RH, and then sharply increases to 43–45 ppb in dry (RH about 50%), cold air during several hours. After a warm fr

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12

Renfrew, I. A., R. S. Pickart, K. Våge, et al. "The Iceland Greenland Seas Project." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 9 (2019): 1795–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0217.1.

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AbstractThe Iceland Greenland Seas Project (IGP) is a coordinated atmosphere–ocean research program investigating climate processes in the source region of the densest waters of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. During February and March 2018, a field campaign was executed over the Iceland and southern Greenland Seas that utilized a range of observing platforms to investigate critical processes in the region, including a research vessel, a research aircraft, moorings, sea gliders, floats, and a meteorological buoy. A remarkable feature of the field campaign was the highly coordi

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13

Myslenkov, Stanislav, Anna Shestakova, and Dmitry Chechin. "The impact of sea waves on turbulent heat fluxes in the Barents Sea according to numerical modeling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 7 (2021): 5575–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5575-2021.

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Abstract. This paper investigates the impact of sea waves on turbulent heat fluxes in the Barents Sea. The Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) algorithm, meteorological data from reanalysis and wave data from the WAVEWATCH III wave model results were used. The turbulent heat fluxes were calculated using the modified Charnock parameterization for the roughness length and several parameterizations that explicitly account for the sea wave parameters. A catalog of storm wave events and a catalog of extreme cold-air outbreaks over the Barents Sea were created and used to calculate

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14

Fletcher, Jennifer, Shannon Mason, and Christian Jakob. "The Climatology, Meteorology, and Boundary Layer Structure of Marine Cold Air Outbreaks in Both Hemispheres*." Journal of Climate 29, no. 6 (2016): 1999–2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0268.1.

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Abstract A comparison of marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is presented, with attention to their seasonality, frequency of occurrence, and strength as measured by a cold air outbreak index. When considered on a gridpoint-by-gridpoint basis, MCAOs are more severe and more frequent in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) than the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in winter. However, when MCAOs are viewed as individual events regardless of horizontal extent, they occur more frequently in the SH. This is fundamentally because NH MCAOs are larger and stronger than those in t

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15

Liu, Qian, Guixing Chen, Lifang Sheng, and Toshiki Iwasaki. "Rapid reappearance of air pollution after cold air outbreaks in northern and eastern China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 20 (2022): 13371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13371-2022.

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Abstract. The cold air outbreak (CAO) is the most important way to reduce air pollution during the winter over northern and eastern China. However, a rapid reappearance of air pollution is usually observed during its decay phase. Is there any relationship between the reappearance of air pollution and the properties of CAO? To address this issue, we investigated the possible connection between air pollution reappearance and CAO by quantifying the properties of the residual cold air mass after CAO. Based on the analyses of recent winters (2014–2022), we found that the rapid reappearance of air p

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16

Hartmann, Jörg, Christoph Kottmeier, and Siegfried Raasch. "Roll Vortices and Boundary-Layer Development during a Cold Air Outbreak." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 84, no. 1 (1997): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1000392931768.

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17

Etling, D., and S. Raasch. "Numerical simulation of vortex roll development during a cold air outbreak." Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 10, no. 4 (1987): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0265(87)90021-2.

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18

Field, P. R., R. J. Cotton, K. McBeath, A. P. Lock, S. Webster, and R. P. Allan. "Improving a convection-permitting model simulation of a cold air outbreak." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 140, no. 678 (2013): 124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.2116.

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19

Ackerman, S. A., A. S. Bachmeier, K. Strabala, and M. Gunshor. "A Unique Satellite Perspective of the 13–14 January 2004 Record Cold Outbreak in the Northeast." Weather and Forecasting 20, no. 2 (2005): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf842.1.

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Abstract A cold, dry arctic air mass occupied southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States on 13–14 January 2004. This air mass was quite dry—total column precipitable water values at Pickle Lake, Ontario, Canada, and The Pas, Manitoba, Canada, were as low as 0.02 in. (0.5 mm)—allowing significant amounts of radiation originating from the surface to be detected using Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 6.5-μm “water vapor channel” imagery. On this day the strong thermal gradient between the very cold snow-covered land surface in southern Canada and the warmer, un

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20

Dimic, Danko, Boris Hrastovec, Milan Glavas, and Nenad Potocic. "Harmful impact of exceptional cold air outbreak in april 1997 on silver fir in Croatia." Acta Biologica Slovenica 47, no. 1 (2004): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.47.1.16820.

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After a severe outbreak of cold air in mid and late April in 1997, locally occurring damages on twigs and needles of silver fir were recorded in some forests in Croatia. Field examinations in the first half of July 1997 revealed the damages on one-year and older needles while fully developed twigs of current year growth were left intact. Southern and western slopes with fir growing forests rep resented typically affected sites. Further laboratory analyses confirmed the field observation that no harmful insect or pathogens were the cause of these damages. Spread of symptoms, expressed more hea

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21

Renfrew, Ian A., and G. W. K. Moore. "An Extreme Cold-Air Outbreak over the Labrador Sea: Roll Vortices and Air–Sea Interaction." Monthly Weather Review 127, no. 10 (1999): 2379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2379:aecaoo>2.0.co;2.

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22

Ruiz-Donoso, Elena, André Ehrlich, Michael Schäfer, et al. "Small-scale structure of thermodynamic phase in Arctic mixed-phase clouds observed by airborne remote sensing during a cold air outbreak and a warm air advection event." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 9 (2020): 5487–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5487-2020.

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Abstract. The combination of downward-looking airborne lidar, radar, microwave, and imaging spectrometer measurements was exploited to characterize the vertical and small-scale (down to 10 m) horizontal distribution of the thermodynamic phase of low-level Arctic mixed-layer clouds. Two cloud cases observed in a cold air outbreak and a warm air advection event observed during the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign were investigated. Both cloud cases exhibited the typical vertical mixed-phase structure with mostly liquid water droplets at clo

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23

Pichugin, M. K., and D. G. Chechin. "Interannual variability in cold-air outbreak characteristics over the Sea of Japan." Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa 13, no. 5 (2016): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21046/2070-7401-2016-13-5-238-248.

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24

Bluestein, Howard B. "Observations of “Steam Devils” over a Lake during a Cold-Air Outbreak." Monthly Weather Review 118, no. 10 (1990): 2244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<2244:oodoal>2.0.co;2.

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25

Boers, R., and S. H. Melfi. "Cold air outbreak during MASEX: Lidar observations and boundary-layer model test." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 39, no. 1-2 (1987): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00121864.

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26

Chou, Shu-Hsien, and Jeffrey Zimmerman. "Bivariate conditional sampling of buoyancy flux during an intense cold-air outbreak." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 46, no. 1-2 (1989): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00118448.

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27

Chlond, A. "Three-dimensional simulation of cloud street development during a cold air outbreak." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 58, no. 1-2 (1992): 161–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00120757.

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28

Mages, Zackary, Pavlos Kollias, Zeen Zhu, and Edward P. Luke. "Surface-based observations of cold-air outbreak clouds during the COMBLE field campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 6 (2023): 3561–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3561-2023.

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Abstract. Cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) are characterized by extreme air–sea energy exchanges and low-level convective clouds over large areas in the high-latitude oceans. As such, CAOs are an important component of the Earth's climate system. The CAOs in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) deployment of the US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) provided the first comprehensive view of CAOs using a suite of ground-based observations at the northern coast of Norway. Here, cloud and precipitation observations from 13 CAO cases during COMBLE a

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29

Nakamura, Kozo, and Tomio Asai. "Aircraft Observation of a Cloud-Topped Boundary Layer during a Cold Air Outbreak." Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II 73, no. 4 (1995): 811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.73.4_811.

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30

Zurn-Birkhimer, Suzanne M., Ernest M. Agee, and Zbigniew Sorbjan. "Convective Structures in a Cold Air Outbreak over Lake Michigan during Lake-ICE." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 7 (2005): 2414–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3494.1.

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Abstract The Lake-Induced Convection Experiment provided special field data during a westerly flow cold air outbreak (CAO) on 13 January 1998, which has afforded the opportunity to examine in detail an evolving convective boundary layer. Vertical cross sections prepared from these data, extending from upstream over Wisconsin out across Lake Michigan, show the modifying effects of land–water contrast on boundary layer mixing, entrainment, heating, and moisture flux. Through this analysis, an interesting case of lake-effect airmass modification was discovered. The data show atypical differing he

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Boers, Reinout, S. H. Melfi, and Stephen P. Palm. "Cold-Air Outbreak during GALE: Lidar Observations and Modeling of Boundary Layer Dynamics." Monthly Weather Review 119, no. 5 (1991): 1132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<1132:caodgl>2.0.co;2.

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32

Colucci, Stephen J., David P. Baumhefner, and Charles E. Konrad. "Numerical Prediction of a Cold-Air Outbreak: A Case Study with Ensemble Forecasts." Monthly Weather Review 127, no. 7 (1999): 1538–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1538:npoaca>2.0.co;2.

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33

Field, Paul R., Radmila Broz̆ková, Ming Chen, et al. "Exploring the convective grey zone with regional simulations of a cold air outbreak." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 143, no. 707 (2017): 2537–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3105.

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34

Luo, Dehai, Yao Yao, Aiguo Dai, and Steven B. Feldstein. "The Positive North Atlantic Oscillation with Downstream Blocking and Middle East Snowstorms: The Large-Scale Environment." Journal of Climate 28, no. 16 (2015): 6398–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0184.1.

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Abstract In this study, the atmospheric conditions for the December 2013 Middle East snowstorm are examined from a case study perspective and by performing a composite analysis of extreme winter events from 1950 to 2013 using reanalysis data. It is revealed that this snowstorm arises from the occurrence of an omega (Ω)-type European blocking (EB) with a strong downstream trough that is associated with a southward-displaced positive-phase North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) event. In the anomaly field, the EB exhibits a northeast–southwest (NE–SW)-tilted dipole structure. The Ω-type EB transports

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35

Grossman, Robert L., and Alan K. Betts. "Air–Sea Interaction during an Extreme Cold Air Outbreak from the Eastern Coast of the United States." Monthly Weather Review 118, no. 2 (1990): 324–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1990)118<0324:aidaec>2.0.co;2.

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36

Williams, Abigail S., Jeramy L. Dedrick, Lynn M. Russell, et al. "Aerosol size distribution properties associated with cold-air outbreaks in the Norwegian Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 20 (2024): 11791–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11791-2024.

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Abstract. The aerosol particles serving as cloud condensation and ice nuclei contribute to key cloud processes associated with cold-air outbreak (CAO) events but are poorly constrained in climate models due to sparse observations. Here we retrieve aerosol number size distribution modes from measurements at Andenes, Norway, during the Cold-Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) and at Zeppelin Observatory, approximately 1000 km upwind from Andenes at Svalbard. During CAO events at Andenes, the sea-spray-mode number concentration is correlated with strong over-ocean winds

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Valkonen, Teresa, Timo Vihma, and Martin Doble. "Mesoscale Modeling of the Atmosphere over Antarctic Sea Ice: A Late-Autumn Case Study." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 4 (2008): 1457–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2242.1.

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Abstract Atmospheric flow over Antarctic sea ice was simulated applying a polar version of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (Polar MM5). The simulation period in late autumn lasted for 48 h, starting as northerly warm airflow over the Weddell Sea ice cover and turning to a southwesterly cold-air outbreak. The model results were validated against atmospheric pressure and wind and air temperature observations made by five buoys drifting with the sea ice. Four different satellite-derived sea ice concentration datasets were

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Kikuta, Koki, Shun Omori, Masakazu Takagaki, et al. "Verification of Ventilation and Aerosol Diffusion Characteristics on COVID-19 Transmission through the Air Occurred at an Ice Arena in Japan." Buildings 14, no. 6 (2024): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061632.

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This study is about a COVID-19 outbreak and ventilation measures taken against COVID-19 transmission through the air occurred at an ice arena in Japan. The ice arena has been known to have a deterioration of indoor air quality affected by CO, NO2 and so on, and a total of 172 persons were infected with SARS-CoV-2, including the players and the spectators related to an ice hockey game in 2022. Given the suspected transmission through the air as one of infection routes, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the COVID-19 outbreak to verify the ventilation characteristics and aero

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Liu, Yujia, Chao Li, Ying Sun, et al. "The January 2021 Cold Air Outbreak over Eastern China: Is There a Human Fingerprint?" Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 103, no. 3 (2022): S50—S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-21-0143.1.

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Agee, Ernest M., and Mary L. Hart. "Boundary Layer and Mesoscale Structure over Lake Michigan during a Wintertime Cold Air Outbreak." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 47, no. 19 (1990): 2293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<2293:blamso>2.0.co;2.

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41

Brümmer, Burghard, Birgit Rump, and Gottfried Kruspe. "A cold air outbreak near Spitsbergen in springtime — Boundary-layer modification and cloud development." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 61, no. 1-2 (1992): 13–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02033993.

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42

Trier, Stanley B., Robert D. Sharman, and Todd P. Lane. "Influences of Moist Convection on a Cold-Season Outbreak of Clear-Air Turbulence (CAT)." Monthly Weather Review 140, no. 8 (2012): 2477–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00353.1.

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Abstract The 9–10 March 2006 aviation turbulence outbreak over the central United States is examined using observations and numerical simulations. Though the turbulence occurs within a deep synoptic cyclone with widespread precipitation, comparison of reports from commercial aircraft with radar and satellite data reveals the majority of the turbulence to be in clear air. This clear-air turbulence (CAT) is located above a strong upper-level jet, where vertical shear ranged between 20 and 30 m s−1 km−1. Comparison of a moist simulation with a dry simulation reveals that simulated vertical shear

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43

Schroeder, W. W., Oscar K. Huh, L. J. Rouse, and Wm J. Wiseman. "Satellite observations of the circulation east of the Mississippi Delta: Cold-air outbreak conditions." Remote Sensing of Environment 18, no. 1 (1985): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(85)90037-9.

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44

Bechtold, Peter, Charles Fravalo, and Jean-Pierre Pinty. "A study of a two-dimensional cloudiness transition during a cold air outbreak event." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 60, no. 3 (1992): 243–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00119378.

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45

Papritz, Lukas, and Stephan Pfahl. "Importance of Latent Heating in Mesocyclones for the Decay of Cold Air Outbreaks: A Numerical Process Study from the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 1 (2015): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0268.1.

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Abstract In this study the dynamical mechanisms shaping the evolution of a marine cold air outbreak (CAO) that occurred over the Ross, Amundsen, and Bellingshausen Seas in June 2010 are investigated in an isentropic framework. The drainage of cold air from West Antarctica into the interior Ross Sea, its subsequent export, and the formation of a dome of cold air off the sea ice edge are shown to be intimately linked to a lower-tropospheric cyclone, as well as the cyclonic breaking of an upper-level potential vorticity trough. The dome formation is accompanied by an extreme deepening of the boun

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46

Raif, Erin N., Sarah L. Barr, Mark D. Tarn, et al. "High ice-nucleating particle concentrations associated with Arctic haze in springtime cold-air outbreaks." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 24 (2024): 14045–72. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14045-2024.

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Abstract. The global variation in ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentrations is an important modulator of the cloud-phase feedback, where the albedo of mixed-phase clouds increases in a warming climate. Shallow clouds, such as those observed in cold-air outbreaks (CAOs), are particularly important for cloud-phase feedbacks and highly sensitive to INPs. To investigate the sources and concentrations of INPs in CAOs, we made airborne measurements over the Norwegian and Barents seas as part of the March 2022 Arctic Cold-Air Outbreak (ACAO) field campaign. Aerosol samples were collected on filter

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Skyllingstad, Eric D., and James B. Edson. "Large-Eddy Simulation of Moist Convection during a Cold Air Outbreak over the Gulf Stream." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 5 (2009): 1274–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2755.1.

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Abstract Cold air outflow over the Gulf Stream is modeled using a cloud-resolving large-eddy simulation model with three classes of precipitation. Simulations are conducted in a quasi-Lagrangian framework using an idealized sounding and uniform geostrophic winds based on observations taken on 20 February 2007 as part of the World Climate Research Program Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Mode Water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE) project. Two cases are considered, one with an increasing sea surface temperature (SST) representing the crossing of the Gulf Stream front, and a second c

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Gryschka, M., and S. Raasch. "Roll convection during a cold air outbreak: A large eddy simulation with stationary model domain." Geophysical Research Letters 32, no. 14 (2005): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005gl022872.

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Chen, Shou-Jun, and L. Dell'Osso. "A numerical case study of a cold air outbreak over East Asia during late spring." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 37, no. 4 (1987): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01031045.

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Raasch, S. "Numerical simulation of the development of the convective boundary layer during a cold air outbreak." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 52, no. 4 (1990): 349–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00119429.

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