Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cold Arid

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Cold Arid'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cold Arid"

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Stobdan, Tsering. "Cold Arid Agro-Animal Technologies." Defence Life Science Journal 3, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.12775.

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Huang, J., X. Guan, and F. Ji. "Enhanced cold-season warming in semi-arid regions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2012): 4627–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-4627-2012.

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Abstract. This study examined surface air temperature trends over global land from 1901–2009. It is found that the warming trend was particularly enhanced, in the boreal cold season (November to March) over semi-arid regions (with precipitation of 200–600 mm yr−1), showing a temperature increase of 1.53 °C as compared to the global annual mean temperature increase of 1.13 °C over land. In mid-latitude semi-arid areas of Europe, Asia, and North America, temperatures in the cold season increased by 1.41, 2.42, and 1.5 °C, respectively. The semi-arid regions contribute 44.46% to global annual-mean land-surface temperature trend. The mid-latitude semi-arid regions in the Northern Hemisphere accounting contribute by 27.0% of the total, with the mid-latitude semi-arid areas in Europe, Asia, and North America accounting for 6.29%, 13.81%, and 6.85%, respectively. Such enhanced semi-arid warming (ESAW) may cause these regions to become drier and warmer.
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Huang, J., X. Guan, and F. Ji. "Enhanced cold-season warming in semi-arid regions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 12 (June 22, 2012): 5391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5391-2012.

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Abstract. This study examined surface air temperature trends over global land from 1901–2009. It is found that the warming trend was particularly enhanced, in the boreal cold season (November to March) over semi-arid regions (with precipitation of 200–600 mm yr−1) showing a temperature increase of 1.53 °C as compared to the global annual mean temperature increase of 1.13 °C over land. In mid-latitude semi-arid areas of Europe, Asia, and North America, temperatures in the cold season increased by 1.41, 2.42, and 1.5 °C, respectively. The semi-arid regions contribute 44.46% to global annual-mean land-surface temperature trend. The mid-latitude semi-arid regions in the Northern Hemisphere contribute by 27.0% of the total, with the mid-latitude semi-arid areas in Europe, Asia, and North America accounting for 6.29%, 13.81%, and 6.85%, respectively. Such enhanced semi-arid warming (ESAW) imply drier and warmer trend of these regions.
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Carmelina, Spanò, Bottega Stefania, Castiglione Monica Ruffini, and Pedranzani Hilda Elizabeth. "Antioxidant response to cold stress in two oil plants of the genus Jatropha." Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 6 (June 14, 2017): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/182/2017-pse.

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Jatropha curcas and J. macrocarpa, suitable for production of biodiesel oil from their seeds, are able to live in arid and semi-arid regions, where most crops cannot survive. J. curcas is characterized by higher oil quality and seed yield, but it is not a good candidate for oil production in arid areas with freezing temperatures, due to its sensitivity to chilling in comparison to J. macrocarpa. In this work, for the first time, the effects of cold stress and different mechanisms activated in these conditions have been studied in the two species. Seedlings were treated with low non-freezing temperatures with or without a previous acclimation period. Water status, pigment content, oxidative stress and antioxidant response were studied in acclimated and non-acclimated plants. The key features that differentiate J. macrocarpa from J. curcas were the ability to accumulate, at low temperatures, high concentrations of pigments and glutathione and significantly higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase. These data could explain the greater resistance to low temperatures of J. macrocarpa. A period of acclimation was not able to improve cold tolerance of J. curcas and this confirms its limited adaptability to arid areas with freezing temperatures.
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Ma, Yu-Jun, Fang-Zhong Shi, Xia Hu, and Xiao-Yan Li. "Climatic Constraints to Monthly Vegetation Dynamics in Desert Areas Over the Silk Road Economic Belt." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050995.

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The sustainability of vulnerable eco-environment over the Silk Road Economic Belt is under threat of climate change, and the identification of vegetation constraints by sub-optimum climatic conditions is critically essential to maintain existing dryland ecosystems. To better understand how the vegetation varies at monthly scale and its effect by climate conditions in different desert areas, this study first investigated the seasonal variation of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Then, we analyzed the time effects of diverse climatic factors (air temperature, solar radiation, precipitation) on NDVI and estimated the limitation of NDVI by these climatic factors in different desert areas. The result showed that the mean monthly NDVI during 1982–2015 showed a unimodal variation in most desert areas, with high values in late spring and summer over cold arid areas, in early spring or early autumn over hot arid areas, and in summer over polar areas, respectively. Solar radiation and precipitation in cold arid areas presented 1–2 month lag or accumulation effect on NDVI, while precipitation in most hot arid areas showed no remarkable time-lag but 3 month accumulation effect, and all three climate factors in polar areas exhibited 1–3 month accumulation effect. The explanatory power of climatic conditions for vegetation dynamics considering time effects increased by 3.4, 10.8, and 5.9% for the cold arid areas, hot arid areas, and polar areas (i.e., relative increase of 4.1, 25.4, and 8.2%), respectively. The main climatic constraints to vegetation dynamics were the water condition in hot arid areas (>78%) and the temperature condition in polar areas (>67%), while cold arid areas were simultaneously limited by the water and temperature conditions (>76% in total). These results provide a detailed understanding of vegetation variation and ecological projection, which are very important to implement adaption measures for dryland ecosystems over the Silk Road Economic Belt.
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Ma, Yu-Jun, Fang-Zhong Shi, Xia Hu, and Xiao-Yan Li. "Threshold Vegetation Greenness under Water Balance in Different Desert Areas over the Silk Road Economic Belt." Remote Sensing 12, no. 15 (July 30, 2020): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152452.

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The sustainability of dryland vegetation growth over the Silk Road Economic Belt is under threat of water shortage, and the determination of water carrying capacity for vegetation is critically essential to balance water supply and water demand for the maintenance of existing ecosystems. To better understand how and why vegetation growth varies in different desert areas, this study first analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Then, we investigated the relationship between NDVI and climatic factors (precipitation, soil water content, air temperature, evapotranspiration), and estimated the threshold NDVI under water balance in different desert areas. Results showed that the higher NDVI was mainly distributed in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Azerbaijan, and it increased in approximately 53% of desert areas from 1982 to 2015 in the whole study region. The mean annual NDVI showed a simultaneous increasing trend in all desert areas from 1982 to 1994, and decreased significantly only in the cold arid desert area (p < 0.01, −0.0067 decade−1) or had no significant change in other desert areas after 1994 (p > 0.01). The climate condition generally appeared as a warming and drying trend in the past 34 years, with varied changing rates in different desert areas. NDVI presented a strong positive relationship with both precipitation and evapotranspiration in most desert areas. The threshold values of the mean annual NDVI under water balance between 1982 and 2015 were approximately 0.1041 (hot arid desert), 0.1337 (cold arid desert), 0.1346 (cold arid semi-desert), 0.0951 (hot arid desert semi-desert), 0.0776 (polar desert tundra), 0.1071 (hot arid desert shrub), 0.1377 (cold arid desert steppe), and 0.0701 (polar desert steppe), respectively. The responses of these threshold values to precipitation were all positive in different desert areas. These results provide an enhanced understanding of vegetation dynamics and ecological conservation, which are of great importance to implementing adaptation and mitigation measures for terrestrial ecosystems over the Silk Road Economic Belt.
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Gao, Fei, Pengju Ma, Yingxin Wu, Yijun Zhou, and Genfa Zhang. "Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of the Response to Cold Stress in Jojoba, a Tropical Woody Crop." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 2 (January 9, 2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020243.

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Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a semi-arid, oil-producing industrial crop that have been widely cultivated in tropical arid region. Low temperature is one of the major environmental stress that impair jojoba’s growth, development and yield and limit introduction of jojoba in the vast temperate arid areas. To get insight into the molecular mechanisms of the cold stress response of jojoba, a combined physiological and quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted. Under cold stress, the photosynthesis was repressed, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), relative electrolyte leakage (REL), soluble sugars, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) were increased in jojoba leaves. Of the 2821 proteins whose abundance were determined, a total of 109 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were found and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of the coding genes for 7 randomly selected DAPs were performed for validation. The identified DAPs were involved in various physiological processes. Functional classification analysis revealed that photosynthesis, adjustment of cytoskeleton and cell wall, lipid metabolism and transport, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and carbohydrate metabolism were closely associated with the cold stress response. Some cold-induced proteins, such as cold-regulated 47 (COR47), staurosporin and temperature sensitive 3-like a (STT3a), phytyl ester synthase 1 (PES1) and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1, might play important roles in cold acclimation in jojoba seedlings. Our work provided important data to understand the plant response to the cold stress in tropical woody crops.
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Narantsogt, Nasanbayar, and Ulf Mohrlok. "Evaluation of MAR Methods for Semi-Arid, Cold Regions." Water 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122548.

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Mongolia is a semi-arid, highly continental region with highly variable precipitation and river discharge. The groundwater aquifer located near Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, is the only one source for city water supply consumption, and it is important to ensure that groundwater is available now and in the future. The main watercourse near the capital city is the Tuul River, fed by precipitation in the Khentii Mountains. The semi-arid and cold environment shows high variability in precipitation and river discharge. However, due to absence of precipitation in winter and spring, the riverbed usually runs dry during these times of the year, and weather observations show that the dry period has been extending in recent years. However, in parallel with urban development, the extended groundwater aquifer has shown a clear decline, and the groundwater levels have dropped significantly. Therefore, a groundwater management system based on managed aquifer recharge is proposed, and a strategy to implement these measures in the Tuul River valley is presented in this paper. This strategy consists of the enhancement of natural recharge rates during the wet summer from the northern drainage canal, an additional increase in groundwater recharge through melting the ice storage in the dry period, as well as the construction of underground dams to accumulate groundwater and a surface water reservoir that releases a constant discharge in the outlet. To increase natural recharge rates of groundwater during the early dry period through the melting ice storage period, the MATLAB icing code, which was written for ice storage for limited and unlimited areas, was considered through finite element subsurface FLOW (FEFLOW) simulation scenarios as a water source in ice form on the surface. A study of the artificial permafrost of underground as an ice dam was processed in FEFLOW simulation scenarios for accumulating groundwater resources. The results of these artificial recharging methods were individually calculated, combined, and compared with the surface reservoir, which releases a constant discharge through the dam. In this paper, new ideas are presented involving managed aquifer recharge—MAR methods, and include application to aufeis, a mass of layered ice for groundwater recharge by melting. Additionally, the accumulation of groundwater using artificial permafrost is used as an underground dam. In addition, was considered recharging scenario only with constant release water amount from water reservoir also with all MAR methods together with reservoir combination.
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Thayyen, R. J., and A. P. Dimri. "Factors controlling Slope Environmental Lapse Rate (SELR) of temperature in the monsoon and cold-arid glacio-hydrological regimes of the Himalaya." Cryosphere Discussions 8, no. 6 (November 6, 2014): 5645–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-5645-2014.

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Abstract. Moisture, temperature and precipitation interplay forced through the orographic processes sustains the Himalayan cryospheric system. However, factors controlling the Slope Environmental Lapse Rate (SELR) of temperature along the higher Himalayan mountain slopes across various glacio-hydrologic regimes remain as a key knowledge gap. Present study dwells on the orographic processes driving the moisture–temperature interplay in the monsoon and cold-arid glacio-hydrological regimes of the Himalaya. Systematic data collection at three altitudes between 2540 and 3763 m a.s.l. in the Garhwal Himalaya (hereafter called monsoon regime) and between 3500 and 5600 m a.s.l. in the Ladakh Himalaya (herefater called cold-arid regime) revealed moistrue control on temperature distribution at temporal and spatial scales. Observed daily SELR of temperature ranges between 9.0 to 1.9 °C km−1 and 17.0 to 2.8 °C km−1 in the monsoon and cold-arid regimes respectively highlighting strong regional variability. Moisture influx to the region, either from Indian summer monsoon (ISM) or from Indian winter monsoon (IWM) forced lowering of SELR. This phenophena of "monsoon lowering" of SELR is due to the release latent heat of condensation from orographically focred lifted air parcel. Seasonal response of SELR in the monsoon regime is found to be closly linked with the variations in the local lifting condensation levels (LCL). Contrary to this, cold-arid system is characterised by the extremely high values of daily SELR upto 17 °C km−1 signifying the extremely arid conditions prevailing in summer. Distinctly lower SELR devoid of monsoon lowering at higher altitude sections of monsoon and cold-arid regimes suggests sustained wetter high altitude regimes. We have proposed a SELR model for both glacio-hydrological regimes demostrating with two sections each using a derivative of the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship by deriving monthly SELR indices. It has been proposed that the manifestations of presence or absence of moisture is the single most important factor determining the temperature distribution along the higher Himalayan slopes driven by the orographic forcings. This work also suggests that the arbitary use of temperature lapse rate to extrapolate temperature to the higher Himalaya is extremely untenable.
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Kohli, Ekta. "Occupational challenges in extreme environment." Defence Life Science Journal 3, no. 3 (June 25, 2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.13099.

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Ensuring the nutritional security of combatants guarding the extreme altitudes along the Himalayan frontiers remains a daunting task owing to the harsh cold desert climatic conditions, landlocked terrain and sparse vegetation. These cold arid regions are characterized by rugged topography, extreme temperature variations, low precipitation, high wind velocity, thin atmosphere with high UV-radiation and fragile ecosystem. The Defence Life Science Journal decides to bring out a special issue on the theme ‘Cold Arid Agro-Animal Technologies’ focusing on the significance of agro-animal technologies for nutritional security of the soldiers deployed in inhospitable environments as well as the local population who have been living and thriving in these harsh conditions of high altitude.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cold Arid"

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Braun, Jeffery Kenneth. "Cold Arid Climate, Efficient Building Design." The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/552683.

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Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone
This paper will look at the current information concerning sustainable strategies. It will look at the ones that have been used in the past as well as the strategies that are currently being used. After studying the existing material on sustainable practices and strategies the next step will be looking at three primary sources and determining strategies that will be most useful. The first source that will be used is a professional working in the field. Secondly buildings that are located in a cold arid climate will be studied and finally a program called climate consultant. The recommendations from all three sources will be compiled in a list, organized by how many sources recommended each strategy. The strategies that have the most recommendations will be implemented into a residential single family building design for cold arid climates.
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Rocha, Isabel Medeiros dos Santos. "Col?mbolos (arthropoda: hexapoda: collembola) numa ?rea de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18131.

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Edaphic ecosystems are the basis for the production of terrestrial biological resources and their dynamics affect not only the natural environment but also society and their economic activities. In Caatinga biome, the semi-arid climate associated with an inadequate soil management has increased the degradation and loss of productive potential of the soil. In this context, the study of soil fauna, including springtails, becomes an important indicator of soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate the fauna of Collembola in an area of Caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte State and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, such as soil, vegetation and climate characteristics, on the structure of the taxocenosis. The environmental variables which were used were the following ones: granulometry (represented by the proportion of sand), quantity of organic matter and soil pH, richness, density and aerial biomass of the vegetal structure, and necromass. We used pitfall traps intending to collect specimens of the epiedaphic fauna of Collembola in 30 points located on Caua?u Farm, Jo?o C?mara, RN, in July (rainy season) and November (dry season) 2011. We collected 5513 individuals of 15 species distributed in 13 genera and 9 families of Collembola. Five of the recorded species are new to science, confirming the expected high degree of endemism for Caatinga biome, and the highest abundance was recorded in the rainy season, which suggests Collembola sensitivity to low humidity. Four species were more abundant in the dry season, all of them belonged to the Order Entomobryomorpha. Results of statistical analyzes suggest that plant species richness, aerial biomass of vegetal structure, proportion of sand in the soil, pH and humidity are the main influences to the abundance of Collembola in the region studied
Os ecossistemas ed?ficos s?o base para toda produ??o de recursos biol?gicos terrestres e sua din?mica afeta n?o apenas os ambientes naturais, mas tamb?m a sociedade e suas atividades econ?micas. Na Caatinga, o clima semi?rido associado ao uso inadequado do solo t?m potencializado a degrada??o e a perda do potencial produtivo das terras. Considerando que a fauna ed?fica, incluindo os col?mbolos, ? um importante indicador da qualidade do solo, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a fauna de Collembola numa ?rea de Caatinga do Rio Grande do Norte, verificando a influ?ncia de fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos, tais como caracter?sticas do solo, da vegeta??o e do clima, sobre a estrutura da taxocenose. As vari?veis ambientais utilizadas foram: granulometria (representada pela propor??o de areia), quantidade de mat?ria org?nica e pH do solo; riqueza, densidade e biomassa a?rea vegetal; e necromassa. Foram utilizadas armadilhas de queda (pitfall) para coletar esp?cimes da fauna epied?fica de Collembola em 30 pontos localizados na Fazenda Caua?u, Jo?o C?mara, RN, nos meses de julho (per?odo chuvoso) e novembro (per?odo seco) de 2011. Foram coletados 5.513 indiv?duos de 15 esp?cies, distribu?das em 13 g?neros e 9 fam?lias de Collembola. Cinco das esp?cies registradas s?o novas para a ci?ncia, confirmando a expectativa de alto grau de endemismo para o bioma, e a maior abund?ncia de indiv?duos foi registrada na esta??o chuvosa, o que sugere sensibilidade dos col?mbolos ? baixa umidade. Quatro esp?cies foram mais abundantes na esta??o seca, todas da Ordem Entomobryomorpha, e os resultados das an?lises estat?sticas sugerem que a riqueza de plantas, a biomassa vegetal a?rea, a propor??o de areia no solo, o pH e a umidade devida ?s chuvas sejam os principais influenciadores da abund?ncia de Collembola na regi?o estudada
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Fox, John Tyler. "Spatiotemporal Patterns and Drivers of Surface Water Quality and Landscape Change in a Semi-Arid, Southern African Savanna." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81462.

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The savannas of southern Africa are a highly variable and globally-important biome supporting rapidly-expanding human populations, along with one of the greatest concentrations of wildlife on the continent. Savannas occupy a fifth of the earth's land surface, yet despite their ecological and economic significance, understanding of the complex couplings and feedbacks that drive spatiotemporal patterns of change are lacking. In Chapter 1 of my dissertation, I discuss some of the different theoretical frameworks used to understand complex and dynamic changes in savanna structure and composition. In Chapter 2, I evaluate spatial drivers of water quality declines in the Chobe River using spatiotemporal and geostatistical modeling of time series data collected along a transect spanning a mosaic of protected, urban, and developing urban land use. Chapter 3 explores the complex couplings and feedbacks that drive spatiotemporal patterns of land cover (LC) change across the Chobe District, with a particular focus on climate, fire, herbivory, and anthropogenic disturbance. In Chapter 4, I evaluated the utility of Distance sampling methods to: 1) derive seasonal fecal loading estimates in national park and unprotected land; 2) provide a simple, standardized method to estimate riparian fecal loading for use in distributed hydrological water quality models; 3) answer questions about complex drivers and patterns of water quality variability in a semi-arid southern African river system. Together, these findings have important implications to land use planning and water conservation in southern Africa's dryland savanna ecosystems.
Ph. D.
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Silva, Giovanna Rodrigues Nóbile da. "Síntese e caracterização de complexos de Ni(II) com fosfinas e N-aril- sulfonilditiocarbimatos e suas atividades biológicas." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7604.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho descreve a síntese e o estudo da atividade antifúngica e antibacteriana de quatorze complexos de Ni(II) com fosfinas e N-arilsulfonilditiocarbimatos, e de dez sais derivados de complexos aniônicos bis(N-arilsulfonilditiocarbimato)niquelato(II). Os complexos neutros apresentam a fórmula geral [Ni(S 2C=NSO2R)(Fosfina)], sendo R= C6H5, 4-CH3C6H5, 2-CH3C6H5, 4-FC6H5,4-ClC6H5,4-BrC6H5,4-IC6H5, e Fosfina = cis-1,2- bis(difenilfosfina)eteno(dppet) ou trifenilfosfina (PPh3). Destes, oito são inéditos. Os sais apresentam a fórmula geral: [A]2[Ni(S2C=NSO2R)2], sendo A = (PPh3Me+), (PPh3Et+), (PPh3Bu+), (PPh4+) e (C4H9N+) e R= C6H5 , 4-FC6H5. Destes, seis são inéditos. Para a caracterização dos compostos foram utilizadas medidas de condutividade, medidas de pontos de fusão, espectroscopia eletrônica (UV-vis), espectroscopia vibracional (IV), espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN de 1H e 13 C), e espectrometria de massas de alta resolução. Os dados físico-químicos obtidos estão consistentes com as fórmulas propostas. Os resultados dos experimentos de espectrometria de massas de alta resolução estão consistentes com as composições esperadas. Os espectros vibracionais indicaram a presença dos ligantes nas substâncias sintetizadas e os espectros de UV-vis e RMN confirmaram uma geometria quadrática em torno do átomo de níquel. A atividade dos compostos foi testada frente o fungo Colletotrichum acutatum e as bactérias Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus. Para os compostos neutros com a fosfina dppet, o método Poison Food não se mostrou eficiente para avaliar a atividade antifúngica devido à baixa solubilidade em água dessas substâncias. Já os compostos neutros contendo trifenilfosfina se mostraram muito ativos contra essa espécie de fungo, com os valores de IC50 de modo geral menores que bis(dietilditiocarbamato)zinco, princípio ativo do fungicida Ziram. Não foi possível a obtenção dos valores de IC50 para os compostos iônicos, pois houve a precipitação dos compostos no meio de cultura, mesmo assim foi observada uma atividade de 20 a 45% de inibição para esses compostos a 1,0 mmol.L-1. Somente os compostos com trifenilfosfina apresentaram atividade contra a bactéria E.coli, os demais compostos não mostraram difusão no meio de cultura. Nenhum composto avaliado se mostrou ativo contra a bactéria S.aureus.
The neutral complexes present the general formula [Ni(S2C=NSO2R)(Phosphine)], where R = C6H5, 4-CH3C6H5, 2-CH3C6H5, 4-FC6H5, 4-ClC6H5, 4-BrC6H5, 4-IC6H5, and Phosphine = cis- 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphine)ethylene (dppet) or triphenylphosphine (PPh3). Eight of them are new complexes. The salts have the general formula: [A] 2[Ni(S2C=NSO2R)2], where A = (PPh3Me+), (PPh3Et+), (PPh3Bu+), (PPh4+), (C4H9N+) and R= C6H5 or 4-FC6H5. Six of them are new compounds. Experiments of conductivity, melting points, electronic spectroscopy (UV-vis), vibrational spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H and 13 C NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry were performed for the characterization of the compounds. The physico-chemical data are consistent with the proposed formulae. The high-resolution mass spectrometry experiment results are consistent with the expected compositions. The vibrational spectra indicate the presence of the dithiocarbimate and/or phosphine ligands. UV-vis and NMR spectra confirmed a quadratic geometry around the nickel atom. The activity of the compounds against the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum was tested using the Poison Food method. The neutral compounds containing PPh3 were very active, with lower IC50 values than bis(diethyldithiocarbamato)zinc, the active ingredient of the fungicide Ziram. The Poison Food method was not efficient to evaluate the antifungal activity of the compounds containing dppet, due to their low solubility in the aqueous medium. The salts inhibited the fungus growth from 20 to 45% at 1,0 mmol.L-1. It was not possible to obtain their IC50 values, due to precipitation of the compounds in the culture medium above this concentration. The activities against the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was tested using the disc diffusion method. The compounds containing PPh3 were active against E. coli and were inactive against the S. aureus. As the other compounds showed no diffusion in the culture medium, their tests were inconclusive.
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Rose, Arnd [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Cramer, Johannes [Gutachter] Cramer, and Cord [Gutachter] Meckseper. "Frühchristliche Propyläen : Herkunft, Gestalt und Entwicklung des Bautyps in Spätantike und Frühmittelalter / Arnd Rose ; Gutachter: Johannes Cramer, Cord Meckseper ; Betreuer: Johannes Cramer." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156178312/34.

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Rose, Arnd Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] [Cramer, Johannes Gutachter] Cramer, and Cord [Gutachter] [Meckseper. "Frühchristliche Propyläen : Herkunft, Gestalt und Entwicklung des Bautyps in Spätantike und Frühmittelalter / Arnd Rose ; Gutachter: Johannes Cramer, Cord Meckseper ; Betreuer: Johannes Cramer." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-201804161795.

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Moreno, Juan Felix. "If walls could talk : life in the arid region of Southern Jordan, a case study of the lithic industry at the late pre-pottery neolithic B village Wadi Fidan 001." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511037.

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Navarro, Garre Rául. "Efecto de dos bebidas refrescantes en la adhesión de brackets. Observación mediante microcopio electrónico de barrido del esmalte intacto y sellado por una resina tras la exposición a dichas bebidas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/78919.

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OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de Coca-Cola® y Schweppes® Limón en la fuerza adhesiva, el adhesivo remanente y la microfiltración debajo de los brackets. Examinar mediante microscopio electrónico de barrido (MEB) el efecto de estas bebidas en el esmalte intacto y esmalte sellado. MÉTODO: Se cementaron 120 brackets en incisivos bovinos y se dividieron 1) grupo control, 2) Coca-Cola®, 3) Schweppes® Limón. Los dientes fueron sumergidos en las bebidas tres veces al día (15 minutos) durante 15 días. La fuerza de adhesión fue medida con una máquina universal de ensayos y el adhesivo remanente, utilizando un equipo de análisis de imagen. La microfiltración en la interfase esmalte-adhesivo y adhesivo-bracket se determinó utilizando azul de metileno. Para las observaciones al MEB se utilizaron 108 dientes. RESULTADOS: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la fuerza adhesiva y el adhesivo remanente entre grupos. La microfiltración en la interfase esmalte-adhesivo para Coca-Cola® y Schweppes® Limón fue significativamente mayor que para el grupo control. En la interfase adhesivo-bracket la microfiltración de Coca-Cola® fue mayor que el grupo control, mientras que la microfiltración de Schweppes® Limón no difirió significativamente ni de Coca-Cola® ni del grupo control. Las bebidas produjeron erosión del esmalte y pérdida del material adhesivo.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of Coca-Cola® and Schweppes®-Limón on bond strength, adhesive remnant and microleakage beneath brackets. To examine by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) the effect of these drinks on intact and sealed enamel. Methods: 120 brackets were bonded to bovine incisors and divided into: 1)Control-group; 2)Coca-Cola®; 3)Schweppes®-Limón. The teeth were submerged in the drinks 3 times/day (15 minutes) during fifteen days. Shear bond strength was measured with a universal test machine, and adhesive remnant using image analysis equipment. Microleakage at the enamel-adhesive and adhesive-bracket interfaces was detected using methylene blue. 108 teeth were used to examine by SEM the effect of the drinks on intact and sealed enamel. Results: No significant differences were found in bond strength and adhesive remnant between groups. Microleakage at the enamel-adhesive interface for Coca-Cola® and Schweppes®-Limón was significantly greater than for the control. At the adhesive-bracket interface microleakage was significantly greater with Coca-Cola® than with the control whilst microleakage with Schweppes®-Limón did not differ significantly from either Coca-Cola® or the control. The drinks produced enamel erosion and loss of adhesive.
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DVORSKÝ, Miroslav. "Ecology of alpine plants in NW Himalaya." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-172974.

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The westernmost spur of the Tibetan Plateau stretches to Eastern Ladakh in India. It is a region which remains poorly explored because of challenging conditions and long periods of political instability. At the same time, it is one of the highest places on earth supporting angiosperm life, which goes beyond 6000 m a.s.l. here. The whole region, due its remoteness, is practically unaffected by plant invasions and direct human activities. Thus, Ladakh represents a kind of "natural experiment", providing very long gradient of elevation suitable for comparative functional ecology as well as for testing various hypotheses concerning limitations of vascular plants. Arid climate and extreme elevations are the common factors. Our team pursued the goal of systematic botanical and ecological exploration of Ladakh, started by late Leoš Klimeš. This thesis provides insight into the main vegetation types, clonality in plants, plant-plant interactions and soil phototroph communities.
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Borkan, Ronald E. "Simulating the effects of dam releases on Grand Canyon river trips." 1986. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1986_146_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Books on the topic "Cold Arid"

1

Invertebrates in hot and cold arid environments. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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Sømme, Lauritz. Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79583-1.

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Francesco, Milo, and Bartolozzi Alessandro ill, eds. Animals in hot and cold habitats. Columbus, OH: Waterbird Books, 2003.

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Zeerak, Nazir Ahmed. Agri-horticultural biodiversity of temperate and cold-arid regions: Indian sub-continent. New Delhi: New India Pub. Agency, 2012.

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Kaul, Maharaj Krishnen. Medicinal plants of Kashmir and Ladakh: Temperate and cold arid Himalaya. New Delhi: Indus Pub. Co., 1997.

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International Soil Correlation Meeting (6th 1989 Montana, etc.). Proceedings of the Sixth International Soil Correlation Meeting (VI ISCOM): Characterization, classification, and utilization of cold aridisols and vertisols : Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, United States, and Saskatchewan, Canada, August 6-18, 1991. Edited by Kimble J. M, United States. Soil Management Support Services., and United States. Agency for International Development. Washington, D.C., U.S.A: Soil Conservation Service, USDA, 1991.

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The grand: The Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, a photo journey. Berkeley, CA: Wilderness Press, 2005.

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Glen Canyon: Images of a lost world : photographs and recollections. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press, 1999.

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Boyer, Diane E. Damming Grand Canyon: The 1923 USGS Colorado River expedition. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press, 2007.

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Paul, Sharma Jag, and Mir A. Aziz, eds. Dynamics of cold arid agriculture. Ludhiana: Kalyan Publishers, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cold Arid"

1

Thayyen, Renoj J. "Hydrology of the Cold-Arid Himalaya." In Himalayan Weather and Climate and their Impact on the Environment, 399–417. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29684-1_20.

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Sømme, Lauritz. "The Climate of Arid Environments." In Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments, 1–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79583-1_1.

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Sømme, Lauritz. "Cold Tolerance in “Lower” Invertebrates." In Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments, 221–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79583-1_11.

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Sømme, Lauritz. "Cold Hardiness in Terrestrial Arthropods." In Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments, 177–213. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79583-1_9.

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Chandrasekhar, K., R. Gavali, K. S. Rao, R. K. Maikhuri, and K. G. Saxena. "Traditional Management of Biodiversity in India’s Cold Desert." In Conserving Biodiversity in Arid Regions, 217–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0375-0_16.

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Sømme, Lauritz. "Tolerance to Arid Conditions in Terrestrial Arthropods." In Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments, 53–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79583-1_3.

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Sømme, Lauritz. "The Fauna of Hot and Cold Arid Deserts." In Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments, 25–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79583-1_2.

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Sømme, Lauritz. "Hot Desert Arthropods at Low Temperatures." In Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments, 215–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79583-1_10.

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Sømme, Lauritz. "Summary and Concluding Remarks." In Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments, 237–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79583-1_12.

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Sømme, Lauritz. "The Physiology of Tolerance to Desiccation." In Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments, 71–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79583-1_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cold Arid"

1

Wu, Jiabin, Shu Miao, Xiaofeng Du, and Na Zhang. "Study on Estimating Methods of Evapotranspiration in Cold and Arid Region." In 2015 International Symposium on Computers and Informatics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isci-15.2015.334.

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Tianfang Fang, Guizuo Wang, and Liliang Ren. "GWSC-VMR, a GIS supported conceptual distributed hydrological model for cold and arid regions." In 2009 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2009.5293150.

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Otani, Kenji. "Energy rating of various PV module technologies in two extreme climates, tropical and cold-arid climate." In 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2010.5616907.

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Dou, Yan, Xi Chen, Anming Bao, Geping Luo, Guli Jappar, and Junli Li. "The Correlation Analysis of Vegetation Variable Process and Climate Variables in Alpine-Cold Wetland in Arid Area." In IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779863.

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Song Pingping, Fu Xueliang, Wang Buyu, and Li Changyou. "The application of the monitoring system of water environment based on overlay network technology in the cold and arid region." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5691508.

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Zhang, Li, and Guo-Cai Han. "Study on heavy metal contaminants in coal-mining area soil by gangue pile in the nature effloresce process at Cold and Arid Regions." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988629.

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Wang, Zengyan, Tao Che, and Liyun Dai. "Evaluation of SMAP and SMOS Soil Moisture Products Using Distributed Ground Observation Network in Cold and Arid Regions in the Northwest of China." In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323573.

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Aguiar, Fernando G., and Satish G. Kandlikar. "Performance Evaluation of a New Configuration of Direct Contact Humidification Dehumidification (DCHDH) Desalination System." In ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2020-1014.

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Abstract In the present study, the performance of a humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination system with the humidifier and the dehumidifier contained in the same enclosure is evaluated. In this design the humidifier system is composed of a vertical copper tube coated with a hydrophilic air-laid paper layer in which saline water is dripped and hot water (from 42.3 to 79.4 °C) flows inside to heat the humidifier system while the dehumidifier consists of an aluminum plate with internal channels for cold water (16 °C) flow. The experimental results show a pure water production rate per unit system volume up to 19.13 L/m3h at a water temperature of 79.4 °C at the evaporator inlet and a hot water mass flow rate of 135 mL/min. This new design has potential for application in desalination systems, especially sin mall systems for use by families living in arid regions.
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Dehghan, Ali A. "An Experimental Investigation of Thermal Stratification in an Underground Water Reservoir." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56784.

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Temperature stratification in a long-term underground water reservoir was studied experimentally. The cold water storage tank, which was selected for this study, is an underground water reservoir with a domed shape roof and equipped with wind towers (Baad-Gir) which are responsible for capturing wind from any direction and inducing airflow over the water surface. These historic reservoirs were used as a source of drinking cold water in hot arid central regions of Iran during hot and dry summer season. The cylindrical shape underground reservoir, with 12m in height and 12m in diameter, was filled with 15°C water from a nearby well in winter. Temperature data were taken every ten days from late April until mid-October. To obtain accurate experimental temperature data, water layers temperature was measured in vertical direction whilst cold water was extracted from bottom of the tank on a daily basis at a rate corresponding to the regional inhabitants water consumption. It was observed that stable thermal stratification was developed after charging the reservoir. The temperature of extracted water was in the range of 11.9–13.1 °C during the entire summer period whilst the outside ambient temperature was reached upto 42 °C. It is believed that the radiation heat exchange between the water surface and the storage ceiling, as well as the convective heat and mass transfer from the surface of water induced by airflow were primarily responsible for temperature profile change. However, the discharged water flow rate had a secondary effect on thermal stratification.
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Chu, Christopher C. M., and Md Mizanur Rahman. "A Method to Achieve Robust Aerodynamics and Enhancement of Updraft in Natural Draft Dry Cooling Towers." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88289.

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A method to stabilize the draft through natural cooling towers is introduced. Natural draught dry cooling towers are widely used in arid regions of the world for the power industry especially those employing nuclear reactors. Their presence has become iconic of the process industry for their dominance of the landscape. These towers control the overall efficiency of power plants, and with the ongoing energy crisis it is desirable to raise efficiency by stabilising the draught through the tower. Energy comsumption is a substantial part of the overall cost of plant operation, and therefore even with a conservative 5 per cent improvement is feasible. It has been noted by some researchers like Baer, Ernst and Wurz (1980) that cooling towers do experience unstable flow with breezes. This phenomenon can be explained by Jo¨rg and Scorer (1967) to occur even in a still ambience with cold air inflow down into the tower shell from exit. Jo¨rg and Scorer (1967) developed a correlation to predict cold inflow to a glass tube for various fluids in a laboratory. By using their formula, it is found that under typical exit bulk velocities, of 3–5 m/s or below, cold air is liable to ‘sink’ into the shell, even in a quiescent surrounding. Indeed this phenomenon was demonstrated in the laboratory using a duct of size 457 × 457 mm2 of a heat exchanger by employing a smoke generator to detect that cold air did flow into the duct rather than the hot air filling the entire cross sectional area of the duct exit. A device was applied by Chu (1986) to prevent this cold air from sinking into the duct and enhance the stability and quantity of the updraft. In this paper, for the first time data obtained from a 700 × 700 mm2 cross-sectional flow area model air-cooled heat exchanger are presented that proves the air flow rate enhancement due to this device. It is hoped that more tests can be conducted to optimize the design for application in boiler chimneys and natural draught dry cooling towers.
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