Journal articles: 'Cold plasma'

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PERNI, STEFANO, GILBERT SHAMA, and M. G. KONG. "Cold Atmospheric Plasma Disinfection of Cut Fruit Surfaces Contaminated with Migrating Microorganisms." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 1619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.8.1619.

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The efficacy of cold atmospheric gas plasmas against Escherichia coli type 1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gluconobacter liquefaciens, and Listeria monocytogenes Scott A was examined on inoculated membrane filters and inoculated fruit surfaces. Inoculated samples were exposed to a cold atmospheric plasma plume generated by an AC voltage of 8 kV at 30 kHz. The cold atmospheric plasma used in this study was very efficient in reducing the microbial load on the surfaces of filter membranes. However, its efficacy was markedly reduced for microorganisms on the cut surfaces. This lack of effect was not the result of quenching of reactive plasma species responsible for microbial inactivation but principally the result of the migration of microorganisms from the exterior of the fruit tissue to its interior. The velocity of migration through melon tissues was estimated to be around 300 μm min−1 for E. coli and S. cerevisiae and through mango tissues to be 75 to 150 μm min−1. These data can serve as operational targets for optimizing the performance of gas plasma inactivation processes. The current capabilities of cold atmospheric plasmas are reviewed and ways to improve their bactericidal efficacy are identified and discussed. Considerable scope exists to enhance significantly the efficacy of cold atmospheric plasmas for decontaminating fresh cut fruits.

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Lim, Koen, Maarten Hieltjes, Anel van Eyssen, and Paulien Smits. "Cold plasma treatment." Journal of Wound Care 30, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2021.30.9.680.

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Storey, L. R. O. "Cold plasma waves." Planetary and Space Science 34, no. 3 (March 1986): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(86)90140-6.

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Budden, K. G. "Cold Plasma Waves." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 47, no. 4 (April 1985): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(85)90020-0.

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Isbary, Georg, Gregor Morfill, Julia Zimmermann, Tetsuji Shimizu, and Wilhelm Stolz. "Cold Atmospheric Plasma." Archives of Dermatology 147, no. 4 (April 11, 2011): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archdermatol.2011.57.

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Baránková, Hana, and Ladislav Bardos. "Cold Atmospheric Plasma." Plasma Processes and Polymers 5, no. 4 (June 13, 2008): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200800067.

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Ly, Lawan, Sterlyn Jones, Alexey Shashurin, Taisen Zhuang, Warren Rowe, Xiaoqian Cheng, Shruti Wigh, Tammey Naab, Michael Keidar, and Jerome Canady. "A New Cold Plasma Jet: Performance Evaluation of Cold Plasma, Hybrid Plasma and Argon Plasma Coagulation." Plasma 1, no. 1 (September 11, 2018): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma1010017.

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The use of plasma energy has expanded in surgery and medicine. Tumor resection in surgery and endoscopy has incorporated the use of a plasma scalpel or catheter for over four decades. A new plasma energy has expanded the tools in surgery: Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP). A cold plasma generator and handpiece are required to deliver the CAP energy. The authors evaluated a new Cold Plasma Jet System. The Cold Plasma Jet System consists of a USMI Cold Plasma Conversion Unit, Canady Helios Cold Plasma® Scalpel, and the Canady Plasma® Scalpel in Hybrid and Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) modes. This plasma surgical system is designed to remove the target tumor with minimal blood loss and subsequently spray the local area with cold plasma. In this study, various operational parameters of the Canady Plasma® Scalpels were tested on ex vivo normal porcine liver tissue. These conditions included various gas flow rates (1.0, 3.0, 5.0 L/min), powers (20, 40, 60 P), and treatment durations (30, 60, 90, 120 s) with argon and helium gases. Plasma length, tissue temperature changes, and depth and eschar injury magnitude measurements resulting from treatment were taken into consideration in the comparison of the scalpels. The authors report that a new cold plasma jet technology does not produce any thermal damage to normal tissue.

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Kim, Hee-Eun, and Ensang Lee. "Observation of Transition Boundary between Cold, Dense and Hot, Tenuous Plasmas in the Near-Earth Magnetotail." Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 37, no. 2 (June 2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/jass.2020.37.2.95.

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Properties of plasmas that constitute the plasma sheet in the near-Earth magnetotail vary according to the solar wind conditions and location in the tail. In this case study, we present multi-spacecraft observations by Cluster that show a transition of plasma sheet from cold, dense to hot, tenuous state. The transition was associated with the passage of a spatial boundary that separates the plasma sheet into two regions with cold, dense and hot, tenuous plasmas. Ion phase space distributions show that the cold, dense ions have a Kappa distribution while the hot, tenuous ions have a Maxwellian distribution, implying that they have different origins or are produced by different thermalization processes. The transition boundary separated the plasma sheet in the dawn-dusk direction, and slowly moved toward the dawn flank. The hot, tenuous plasmas filled the central region while the cold, dense plasmas filled the outer region. The hot, tenuous plasmas were moving toward the Earth, pushing the cold, dense plasmas toward the flank. Different types of dynamical processes can be generated in each region, which can affect the development of geomagnetic activities.

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Garg, Raghav, and Sudhanshu Maheshwari. "COLD PLASMA TECHNIQUE ITS CURRENT STATUS, APPLICATION AND FUTURE TRENDS IN FOOD INDUSTRY." EPH - International Journal of Applied Science 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2023): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijas.v9i1.152.

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Cold plasma has the ability to inactivate germs in the food processing sector. Cold plasma's action mechanisms, as well as its flexibility as a stand-alone or in conjunction with other technologies, makes it a powerful instrument looking forward to continuing innovative ideas. Irving Langmuir first described the state of matter as having nearly equal amounts of ions and electrons in the ionised gas at the electrodes. Since the 1970s, cold plasma treatment has been employed in semiconductor materials. Plasma is the fourth phase of matter, advancing from solid to liquid, then liquid to gas, and finally plasma. Cold plasmas have been produced using plasma technology in sealed plastic containers-in-package. Cold plasma is employed in sectors such as surface treatment, medical equipment sterilisation, and food safety. There are three main cold plasma technology designs being used for food sterilisation. Remote therapy, direct treatment, and close proximity to an electrode are the most common approaches. Plasma has received widespread application in the food sector during the last decade. DBD, Plasma jet, Corona plasma discharge, radio frequency plasma, microwave plasma are some of the techniques that is used in cold plasma delivery according to recent researches. Food processing sectors have been concentrating on energy use and energy savings during the last few years. Plasma processes provide the following advantages: high reliability at cold temperatures, precise plasma creation tailored to the intended application, minimal effect on the internal product matrix, no wastes, and low resource consumption. Cold Plasma is becoming more widely acknowledged as a viable non-thermal technique that can increase food safety with no impact on food quality. The procedure for obtaining regulatory clearance for novel food technology is governed by the nation's legal framework, and requires further study in system design.

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Liew, Kok Jun, Xinhua Zhang, Xiaohong Cai, Dongdong Ren, Wei Liu, Zhidong Chang, and Chun Shiong Chong. "Transcriptome Study of Cold Plasma Treated Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Chiang Mai Journal of Science 50, no. 2 (March 31, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.014.

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C old plasma is a disinfection technique widely used in food, agricultural, and medical industries. This work used cold plasma to sterilize Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cell survivability was determined. RNA sequencing was used to determine the bacterial responses at 1 minute (T1), 3 minutes (T3), and 5 minutes (T5) of cold plasma treatments. The results show that longer treatment leads to lower cell survivability. Cold plasma induced rapid cell responses in P. aeruginosa. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that T5 had the most enriched terms compared to T1 and T3. The most affected genes were those involved in antioxidant production, transcriptional regulators, ribosome formation, transporters, chemotaxis, and cell motility. P. aeruginosa’s initial response (T1) to cold plasma involved the upregulation of antioxidant genes, followed by the downregulation of transcriptional regulators, transporters, chemotaxis, and cell motility as the intermediate response (T3), and the final response (T5) included heavy downregulation in ribosome formation. Previous transcriptome studies of cold plasma focused mainly on prokaryotic cells such as E. coli and B. subtilis, while studies on P. aeruginosa are limited. This study demonstrated the sequential response of P. aeruginosa against cold plasma via transcriptome analysis.

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Dufour, Thierry. "From Basics to Frontiers: A Comprehensive Review of Plasma-Modified and Plasma-Synthesized Polymer Films." Polymers 15, no. 17 (August 30, 2023): 3607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173607.

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This comprehensive review begins by tracing the historical development and progress of cold plasma technology as an innovative approach to polymer engineering. The study emphasizes the versatility of cold plasma derived from a variety of sources including low-pressure glow discharges (e.g., radiofrequency capacitively coupled plasmas) and atmospheric pressure plasmas (e.g., dielectric barrier devices, piezoelectric plasmas). It critically examines key operational parameters such as reduced electric field, pressure, discharge type, gas type and flow rate, substrate temperature, gap, and how these variables affect the properties of the synthesized or modified polymers. This review also discusses the application of cold plasma in polymer surface modification, underscoring how changes in surface properties (e.g., wettability, adhesion, biocompatibility) can be achieved by controlling various surface processes (etching, roughening, crosslinking, functionalization, crystallinity). A detailed examination of Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) reveals its efficacy in producing thin polymeric films from an array of precursors. Yasuda’s models, Rapid Step-Growth Polymerization (RSGP) and Competitive Ablation Polymerization (CAP), are explained as fundamental mechanisms underpinning plasma-assisted deposition and polymerization processes. Then, the wide array of applications of cold plasma technology is explored, from the biomedical field, where it is used in creating smart drug delivery systems and biodegradable polymer implants, to its role in enhancing the performance of membrane-based filtration systems crucial for water purification, gas separation, and energy production. It investigates the potential for improving the properties of bioplastics and the exciting prospects for developing self-healing materials using this technology.

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Nuthall, Keith. "Cleaning with cold plasma." Nursing Standard 22, no. 37 (May 21, 2008): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.22.37.28.s33.

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LIU, Tong, XiaoMing ZHENG, Hui WANG, HuiJuan LI, XiaoYuan JIANG, ChunYun CHEN, LiPing XIAO, and QinQin YU. "Cold plasma catalytic reaction." SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica 44, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 1923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n032014-00189.

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Wang, Li-Xia, In-Lee Choi, and Ho-Min Kang. "Antifungal Effects of Cold Plasma, Coupled with Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Asparagus during Cold Storage." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 2537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5009-04.

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Asparagus spear is vulnerable to microbial groups which can cause deterioration and short shelf-life after harvesting. The effects of cold plasma, coupled with modified atmosphere (MA) packaging on microorganism development, and quality changes of green asparagus were investigated. The development of microorganisms was inhibited after sterilisation. After 21 days of storage, cold plasma for 6 h (P6h) and hot water combined with cold plasma for 3 h (HW+P3h) treatments obtained the lowest number of aerobic bacteria. Hot water (HW), P6h and HW+P3h treatments showed higher inhibition effect on yeast and mold, and also on E. coli. Visual quality and off-odour of P6h treatment were superior to and inferior to other treatments, respectively. Hot water and cold plasma treatments alone inhibited the firming. Cold plasma 1 (P1h) and 3 h (P3h) were better in retarding yellowing of asparagus. A difference in electrolyte leakage (EL) between control (43%) and sterilisation treatments (greater than 60%) was immediately observed on the sterilisation day. Treatments using HW and P1h decreased the EL after 21 days. The soluble solid content (SSC) decreased based on the initial content, and hot water treatment resulted in higher SSC. Increases in ethylene (C₂H₄) and carbon dioxide production and decrease in oxygen were observed during the first 3 days. The content of C₂H₄ under cold plasma treatments was higher than hot water and control on day 21. These results suggested that cold plasma 6 h treatment resulted in better sensory quality and less decay and softening for green asparagus.

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Stewart, G. A. "Nonlinear electrostatic waves in equal-mass plasmas." Journal of Plasma Physics 50, no. 3 (December 1993): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800017311.

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A study is made of electrostatic waves in a cold equal-mass plasma. Numerical simulation reveals that cold equal-mass plasmas are fundamentally unstable to such oscillations, in contrast to the behaviour of these waves in electron-ion plasmas. A quasi-linear analysis of the problem is performed and an analytic solution found that duplicates the early evolution of the plasma.

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Saadati, Fariba, Fahimeh Jahanbakhshi, Hamed Mahdikia, Fereshteh Abbasvandi, Hamid Ghomi, Nasrin Yazdani, Keyvan Aghazadeh, Steffen Emmert, and Sander Bekeschus. "Cold Physical Plasma Toxicity in Breast and Oral Squamous Carcinoma In Vitro and in Patient-Derived Cancer Tissue Ex Vivo." Applied Sciences 13, no. 11 (May 25, 2023): 6472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116472.

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Breast cancer (BC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are among the most common types of cancer, but current clinical outcomes remain unsatisfactory. Available therapies have limitations in terms of efficacy and may also cause severe side effects. Cold physical plasma is a promising approach for selectively eliminating cancer cells while avoiding genotoxic effects on non-malignant cells. In this study, we investigated the potential of cold physical plasma as a therapeutic intervention for BC and OSCC through in vitro and ex vivo studies on toxicity. For the in vitro study, T-47 BC cells and SCC-4 and SCC-9 OSCC cell lines were used, and we found cold plasma to be toxic in a treatment time-dependent manner. Moreover, we investigated the safety of physical plasma therapy and found no genotoxic potential in plasma-treated human keratinocytes in vitro. Finally, for the first time, 20 BC and OSCC patient-derived tumor tissues were punch biopsied and ex vivo-exposed to cold physical plasmas to study responses in the tumor microenvironment TME). Cold physical plasma caused significant apoptosis in patient-derived BC and OSCC tumor tissues, and decreased the number of CD163+ cells (e.g., tumor-associated macrophages, TAM) in BC tissue plasma-treated ex vivo. Collectively, our findings motivate the investigation of cold physical plasma as a potential adjuvant treatment in oncology.

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Дмитриенко, Ирина, and Irina Dmitrienko. "Second-order perturbations in Alfvén waves in cold plasma approximatio." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 5, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-52201912.

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The second-order amplitude perturbations driven by Alfvén waves are studied. Equations for such second-order perturbations are derived and their solutions are found. The second-order perturbations are shown to be generated by the magnetic pressure of the waves. They represent plasma flows and magnetic field perturbations in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the field perturbation and plasma displacement in the Alfvén wave. In connection with the interpretation of fast plasma flows observed in the magnetotail, of particular interest is the description of second-order flows, which relates their properties to properties of Alfvén waves and the disturbance that generates them. The results suggest that at least some of the fast plasma flows observed in the magnetotail can be one of the manifestations of propagating Alfvén waves. The environment model and cold plasma approximation in use are quite applicable for the plasma sheet boundary layers, where an essential part of the fast plasma flows occurs.

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Nardi, E., Y. Maron, and D. H. H. Hoffmann. "Plasma diagnostics by means of the scattering of electrons and proton beams." Laser and Particle Beams 25, no. 3 (July 26, 2007): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034607000602.

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Scattering of energetic electron and proton beams by cold matter is significantly different from the scattering of these particles by plasma, which may be either highly ionized or dense strongly coupled plasma. This is due to the difference in the shielding of the target nuclei between the two cases. Quantitatively, we treat the problem by means of the Bethe Moliere multiple scattering theory and the version of this theory for plasma as derived by Lampe. We propose to use this effect as a plasma diagnostic tool, utilizing monoenergetic, well-collimated electron or proton beams produced either by femtosecond laser plasma interactions or by accelerators. The effect is first illustrated for simplicity, by calculating the widths of the angular distribution of scattered particles interacting with the extreme cases of very hot fully ionized carbon, and iron plasmas, and comparing these results to the corresponding cold material. The more relevant case of electron scattering from partially ionized iron and carbon plasmas covering the entire range from a cold to a completely ionized target is also dealt with here. This paper brings up and highlights the difference between scattering by plasma and by cold material in light of the recent proposals to employ particle beams for various fusion applications.

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VEGA, PEDRO, LUIS PALMA, and RENE ELGUETA. "The L mode in electromagnetic proton-cyclotron waves in plasmas modelled by a Lorentzian distribution function." Journal of Plasma Physics 60, no. 1 (August 1998): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377898006382.

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The L mode in electromagnetic proton-cyclotron waves (EPCWs) propagating parallel to a uniform ambient magnetic field is studied here analytically. A generalized Lorentzian distribution function is used to model the plasma. Analytical expressions for the wavenumber and for both the temporal and convective growth rates for a multi-ion plasma are obtained within the linear theory. This analytical approach is appropiate for β∥<1, which is the ratio of plasma kinetic pressure to magnetic field pressure. The characteristics of the unstable spectrum are found to be independent of high-energy particles. For a plasma composed of electrons plus hot and cold protons, it is shown that the maximum growth rates as functions of cold-proton concentration δ can always decrease, or can increase until δ reaches a certain peak value and decrease thereafter, or can always increase, depending on the thermal anisotropy of the hot protons. This behaviour is similar to that in Maxwellian plasmas. However, for the convective growth rate, the expression for the optimum cold-proton concentration shows a significant dependence on the spectral index κ. Therefore, when cold protons are injected, it is more difficult to obtain optimum amplification in a Lorentzian plasma than in a Maxwellian plasma. It is also shown that the influence of the high-energy tail on the generation and amplification processes of the EPCWs is controlled by thermal anisotropy and cold-ion population. As a consequence of the latter, temporal and convective growth rates can be larger than, equal to or smaller than those of Maxwellian plasmas, depending on the anisotropy of the hot-proton distribution and on the cold-proton concentration.

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Li, Jian-quan, Qing-he Zhang, Zan-yang Xing, and Wen-qi Lu. "Comparative studies of cold/hot probe techniques for accurate plasma measurements." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 40, no. 3 (May 2022): 033001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0001461.

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The emissive probe technique and the cold Langmuir probe technique for the plasma potential measurement are compared in microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasmas. With different results of plasma potential, discrepant results of electron temperature and electron density are obtained from a hot emissive probe I–V curve and a cold Langmuir probe I–V curve, respectively. A comparison of the experimental data shows that the plasma parameters obtained from the cold Langmuir probe I–V curve are always grossly underestimated, while the results determined from the hot emissive probe I–V curve are much more reliable. Additionally, based on the experimental results, a novel emissive probe technique named the hot probe with zero emission limit method is proposed to easily obtain the accurate plasma potential and other reliable plasma parameters.

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PERNI, STEFANO, DAVID W. LIU, GILBERT SHAMA, and MICHAEL G. KONG. "Cold Atmospheric Plasma Decontamination of the Pericarps of Fruit." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.2.302.

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This investigation describes the inactivation by cold atmospheric plasmas of one pathogenic and three spoilage organisms on the pericarps of mangoes and melons. The operating voltage necessary for efficient microbial decontamination of fruit pericarps was first established using Escherichia coli at a concentration of 107 CFU/cm2 on the surface of mango. It was found that, when the plasma was sustained slightly above its breakdown voltage of 12 kV (peak to peak), no inactivation was detected when cells were plated onto tryptone soya extract agar (TSA). However, when plated onto eosin methylene blue agar, sublethal injury corresponding to approximately 1 log reduction was achieved, whereas on TSA supplemented with 4% NaCl a greater reduction of 1.5 log was revealed. When the voltage was increased by 33% to 16 kV, a reduction in cell counts of 3 log was achieved on all three plating media. Further investigations at these new operating conditions were conducted using a range of spoilage microorganisms (Saccharomyces cerevisae, Pantoea agglomerans, and Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens) all at a surface concentration of 106 CFU/cm2 on the pericarps of mango and melon. P. agglomerans and G. liquefaciens were reduced below the detection limit (corresponding to 3 log) after only 2.5 s on both fruits, whereas E. coli required 5 s to reach the same level of inactivation. S. cerevisae was the most resistant organism studied and was reduced in numbers below the detection limit after 10 s on mango and 30 s on melon. The optical emission spectra generated by the cold atmospheric plasma at both high and low operating voltages were compared in order to identify putative lethal species. It was shown that an increase in the applied voltage led to more efficient production of reactive plasma species, particularly oxygen atoms, and the production of oxygen atoms was related to the level of bacterial inactivation achieved. Production of atomic oxygen could be used as an indicator of inactivation efficiency for scaling up cold plasma systems for whole fruit.

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Nair, Rajesh S., Betty Babu, and Eeshan Mushtaq. "Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Dentistry." Journal of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics 1, no. 2 (2016): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10047-0017.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Plasma is the fourth state of matter and others are liquid, gas, and solid. Plasma occurs as a natural phenomenon in the universe and appears in the form of fire, in the polar aurora borealis and in the nuclear fusion reactions of the sun. It can be produced artificially which has gained importance in the fields of plasma screens or light sources. Plasma is of two types: Thermal and nonthermal or cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). Thermal plasma has electrons and heavy particles (ions and neutral) at the same temperature. Cold atmospheric plasma is said to be nonthermal as it has electron at a hotter temperature than the heavy particles that are at room temperature. Cold atmospheric plasma is a specific type of plasma, i.e., <104°F at the point of application. It could become a new and painless method to prepare cavities for restoration with improved longevity. Also it is capable of bacterial inactivation and noninflammatory tissue alteration, which makes it an attractive tool for the treatment of dental caries and for composite restorations. Plasma can also be used for tooth whitening. This review focuses on some dental application of plasma. How to cite this article Nair RS, Babu B, Mushtaq E. Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Dentistry. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):82-86.

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Nedelcu, Cristian, and Rares Stefan Maxim. "Improvement of mechanical properties by cold plasma treatment of bonded surfaces." International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies 16, no. 1 (June 20, 2024): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmmt.2024.16.1.82.

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In nature, matter is found in solid, liquid or gaseous form. At very high temperatures, molecules can absorb an enormous amount of energy, causing them to move in a disordered way. With the absorbed energy, they can dissociate into atoms, and because of their disordered motion, these molecules or atoms can split into ions and electrons. Excessive heating of matter is therefore always accompanied by ionisation, leaving the medium electrically neutral. This ionised state is known as plasma. It is sometimes called the fourth state of matter. Plasmas are therefore mixtures of neutral and/or excited ions, electrons, atoms, radicals or demodules with an internal energy above the neutral state. Sources of plasma can be as follows: naturally occurring in the ionosphere; produced by nuclear reactions; generated by a hyperfrequency source; formed by direct heating followed by confinement in a region of space by a magnetic field; and produced by electrical discharges. Plasma is characterised by the state of its components: density, which is defined by the number of particles per unit volume; kinetic temperature; and degree of ionisation. Plasma can be thermal or out of thermal equilibrium, or 'cold plasma'. Cold plasma is formed, for example, when a gas passes through strong electric fields - electrons are dissociated from the molecules and the gas becomes electrically conductive and glows blue. The paper describes the equipment used to create cold plasma, which was used to treat different surfaces. After treatment, they were bonded with different adhesives and tested for tensile strenght. An improvement in the mechanical properties mentioned above was observed when the surfaces to be bonded were treated with cold plasma compared to surfaces bonded normally. When the impact of cold plasma treatment on elongation, or ε, is examined, it is found that for Fiber Wood samples, cold plasma treatment considerably boosts elongation, increasing it from 0.35% for untreated samples to 0.81% for samples treated with cold plasma. For samples that have been treated with cold plasma, the average value increases significantly from 0.03% to 0.63% when ArbofillFichte material is used. In addition, the application of cold plasma treatment to the surfaces results in an increase in the modulus of elasticity. For example, the modulus of elasticity doubles for Arbofill Fichte samples, going from 113.56MPa for untreated samples to 227.43MPa for cold plasma treated samples; for Fiber Wood, it increases from an average value of 789.52MPa for untreated samples to an average value of 931.62MPa for treated samples.

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Polčic, Peter, and Zdenko Machala. "Effects of Non-Thermal Plasma on Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052247.

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Cold plasmas generated by various electrical discharges can affect cell physiology or induce cell damage that may often result in the loss of viability. Many cold plasma-based technologies have emerged in recent years that are aimed at manipulating the cells within various environments or tissues. These include inactivation of microorganisms for the purpose of sterilization, food processing, induction of seeds germination, but also the treatment of cells in the therapy. Mechanisms that underlie the plasma-cell interactions are, however, still poorly understood. Dissection of cellular pathways or structures affected by plasma using simple eukaryotic models is therefore desirable. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a traditional model organism with unprecedented impact on our knowledge of processes in eukaryotic cells. As such, it had been also employed in studies of plasma-cell interactions. This review focuses on the effects of cold plasma on yeast cells.

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Czendlik, C., B. Lämmle, and F. Ducket. "Cold Promoted Activation and Factor XII, Prekallikrein and C1-Inhibitor." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 53, no. 02 (1985): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661284.

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SummaryDuring incubation of plasma in the cold an amidolytic activity due to the kallikrein-α2-macroglobulin complex appears in the plasma of about 40% of the women under hormonal contraception. The factor XII and prekallikrein activity are significantly increased 151.9% and 112.4% respectively in the cold promoted activation positive plasmas (CPA pos) whereas the activity of C1-inhibitor is decreased, 76%. The quotient of the product of the C1-inhibitor and α2-macroglobulin values divided by the product of the FXII and prekallikrein values is significantly lower in the CPA pos plasma 0.49 than in CPA neg plasma 0.96 (p <0.05). These results alone do not explain the cold promoted activation, since a patient with a C1-inhibitor as low as 9% showed no increase of the amidolytic activity after a 24 hr incubation at 4° C. However, the addition of purified C1-inhibitor to a CPA pos. plasma inhibits the cold activation. Heparin at a concentration of 0.5 IU/ml delays the appearance of the amidolytic activity.

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Cheng, Jih-Fei. "Cold Blood." Radical History Review 2021, no. 140 (May 1, 2021): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8841718.

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Abstract This article historicizes viral transmissions through the global supply chain of blood plasma between the United States and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Since the 1941 initiation of plasma donation to serve US armed forces, privately exported US blood products have contributed significantly to a globalized industry, valuing $21 billion in sales by 2017. Although maintaining a blood surplus has been crucial for treating illnesses and traumatic injuries, blood banking has been a source for massive viral transmissions, including HIV and hepatitis C. Examining the news, activism, and state responses to blood-borne outbreaks across the United States and PRC, this essay outlines a constellation of viral infections derived from plasma coerced from US prisoners and PRC rural villagers. Viruses archive the structural violences of the global pharmaceutical and blood biotechnology industries. They point to the cyclical relations between persistent class-based racial and ethnic disparities, technoscientific experimentation, and viral epidemics across polities.

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Yusupov, M., M. Ghasemitarei, S. Mirzaev, and U. Khalilov. "Influence of plasma oxidation on proteins: modeling at the molecular level." «Узбекский физический журнал» 24, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52304/.v24i1.302.

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Recently, the use of cold atmospheric plasmas for cancer therapy has become one of the most exciting topics of plasma application. Despite promising results from a large number of studies, the underlying mechanisms by which plasma acts on cancer cells are still elusive and require more thorough fundamental investigations. In this account, an overview is provided on our latest computational studies performed to investigate the interaction mechanisms of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated by cold atmospheric plasma with specific proteins relevant for cancer (treatment). In particular, the main attention is paid on the effect of these plasma species on the permeability of aquaporin and cystine/glutamate transporter xCT, used as model systems for integral membrane proteins. The simulation results help to gain insight in the underlying mechanisms of the noticeable rise of plasma-induced reactive species observed in cancer cells compared to normal cells, thereby improving overall understanding on the role of integral membrane proteins in the selective anticancer capacity of cold atmospheric plasma.

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Berner, Julia, and Sander Bekeschus. "Combined toxicity of indirubins with cold physical plasma in skin cancer cells in vitro." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 62, SA (November 11, 2022): SA1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac78c0.

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Abstract Cold physical plasma is a partially ionized gas that generates various components identified as potential anticancer compounds. Due to its topical application, cold plasmas are suitable, especially in dermatological applications. We, therefore, tested the cold plasma effects in skin cancer cells in vitro. An atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet was used as the plasma source. The plasma exposure alone reduced the metabolic activity and induced lethal effects in a treatment time-dependent fashion in both cell lines investigated. This was accompanied by executioner caspases 3 and 7, cleavage indicative of apoptosis and reduced cell migration and proliferation. Recent research also indicated roles of novel indirubin derivatives with potent anticancer effects. Three candidates were tested, and reduced metabolic activity and viability in a dose-dependent manner were found. Strikingly, one compound exerted notable synergistic toxicity when combined with plasma in skin cancer cells, which may be promising for future in vivo experiments.

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Kazemi, Ali, McKayla J. Nicol, Sven G. Bilén, Girish S. Kirimanjeswara, and Sean D. Knecht. "Cold Atmospheric Plasma Medicine: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities for Predictive Control." Plasma 7, no. 1 (March 16, 2024): 233–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma7010014.

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Plasma medicine is an emerging field that applies the science and engineering of physical plasma to biomedical applications. Low-temperature plasma, also known as cold plasma, is generated via the ionization of atoms in a gas, generally via exposure to strong electric fields, and consists of ions, free radicals, and molecules at varying energy states. Plasmas generated at low temperatures (approximately room temperature) have been used for applications in dermatology, oncology, and anti-microbial strategies. Despite current and ongoing clinical use, the exact mechanisms of action and the full range of effects of cold plasma treatment on cells are only just beginning to be understood. Direct and indirect effects of plasma on immune cells have the potential to be utilized for various applications such as immunomodulation, anti-infective therapies, and regulating inflammation. In this review, we combine diverse expertise in the fields of plasma chemistry, device design, and immunobiology to cover the history and current state of plasma medicine, basic plasma chemistry and their implications, the effects of cold atmospheric plasma on host cells with their potential immunological consequences, future directions, and the outlook and recommendations for plasma medicine.

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Borges, Aline C., Konstantin G. Kostov, Rodrigo S. Pessoa, Geraldo M. A. de Abreu, Gabriela de M. G. Lima, Leandro W. Figueira, and Cristiane Y. Koga-Ito. "Applications of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Dentistry." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 1975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11051975.

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Plasma is an electrically conducting medium that responds to electric and magnetic fields. It consists of large quantities of highly reactive species, such as ions, energetic electrons, exited atoms and molecules, ultraviolet photons, and metastable and active radicals. Non-thermal or cold plasmas are partially ionized gases whose electron temperatures usually exceed several tens of thousand degrees K, while the ions and neutrals have much lower temperatures. Due to the presence of reactive species at low temperature, the biological effects of non-thermal plasmas have been studied for application in the medical area with promising results. This review outlines the application of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) in dentistry for the control of several pathogenic microorganisms, induction of anti-inflammatory, tissue repair effects and apoptosis of cancer cells, with low toxicity to healthy cells. Therefore, CAPP has potential to be applied in many areas of dentistry such as cariology, periodontology, endodontics and oral oncology.

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Gund, Madline P., Jusef Naim, Antje Lehmann, Matthias Hannig, Markus Lange, Axel Schindler, and Stefan Rupf. "Cold Atmospheric Plasma Improves the Colonization of Titanium with Primary Human Osteoblasts: An In Vitro Study." Biomedicines 12, no. 3 (March 18, 2024): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12030673.

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Several studies have shown that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment can favourably modify titanium surfaces to promote osteoblast colonization. The aim of this study was to investigate the initial attachment of primary human osteoblasts to plasma-treated titanium. Micro-structured titanium discs were treated with cold atmospheric plasma followed by the application of primary human osteoblasts. The microwave plasma source used in this study uses helium as a carrier gas and was developed at the Leibniz Institute for Surface Modification in Leipzig, Germany. Primary human osteoblasts were analyzed by fluorescence and cell biological tests (alkaline phosphatase activity and cell proliferation using WST-1 assay). The tests were performed after 4, 12, and 24 h and showed statistically significant increased levels of cell activity after plasma treatment. The results of this study indicate that plasma treatment improves the initial attachment of primary human osteoblasts to titanium. For the first time, the positive effect of cold atmospheric plasma treatment of micro-structured titanium on the initial colonization with primary human osteoblasts has been demonstrated. Overall, this study demonstrates the excellent biocompatibility of micro-structured titanium. The results of this study support efforts to use cold atmospheric plasmas in implantology, both for preimplantation conditioning and for regeneration of lost attachment due to peri-implantitis.

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Wang, Jin‐Gen, G. L. Payne, and D. R. Nicholson. "Wave breaking in cold plasma." Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics 4, no. 6 (June 1992): 1432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860105.

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Murayama, Yoichi. "Advanced Technologies Using Cold Plasma." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 96, no. 896 (1993): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.96.896_608.

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Tanarro, Isabel, Víctor J. Herrero, Esther Carrasco, and Miguel Jiménez-Redondo. "Cold plasma chemistry and diagnostics." Vacuum 85, no. 12 (June 2011): 1120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2010.12.027.

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Misra, N. N., Ximena Yepez, Lei Xu, and Kevin Keener. "In-package cold plasma technologies." Journal of Food Engineering 244 (March 2019): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.09.019.

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Foster, John C. "Cold plasma redistribution throughout geospace." Science China Technological Sciences 59, no. 9 (May 24, 2016): 1340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-016-6047-9.

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Niemira, Brendan A. "Cold Plasma Decontamination of Foods." Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (April 10, 2012): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-022811-101132.

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Bourke, P., D. Ziuzina, L. Han, P. J. Cullen, and B. F. Gilmore. "Microbiological interactions with cold plasma." Journal of Applied Microbiology 123, no. 2 (June 22, 2017): 308–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jam.13429.

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Gaiolas, Carla, Ana Paula Costa, Manuel Santos Silva, Wim Thielemans, and Maria Emília Amaral. "Cold plasma-assisted paper recycling." Industrial Crops and Products 43 (May 2013): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.07.016.

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Movsesyants, Yu B. "Solitons in collisionless cold plasma." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 140, no. 3 (January 1987): 554–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(87)90080-x.

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Bruno, Giuliana, Sebastian Wenske, Jan-Wilm Lackmann, Michael Lalk, Thomas von Woedtke, and Kristian Wende. "On the Liquid Chemistry of the Reactive Nitrogen Species Peroxynitrite and Nitrogen Dioxide Generated by Physical Plasmas." Biomolecules 10, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10121687.

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Cold physical plasmas modulate cellular redox signaling processes, leading to the evolution of a number of clinical applications in recent years. They are a source of small reactive species, including reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Wound healing is a major application and, as its physiology involves RNS signaling, a correlation between clinical effectiveness and the activity of plasma-derived RNS seems evident. To investigate the type and reactivity of plasma-derived RNS in aqueous systems, a model with tyrosine as a tracer was utilized. By high-resolution mass spectrometry, 26 different tyrosine derivatives including the physiologic nitrotyrosine were identified. The product pattern was distinctive in terms of plasma parameters, especially gas phase composition. By scavenger experiments and isotopic labelling, gaseous nitric dioxide radicals and liquid phase peroxynitrite ions were determined as dominant RNS. The presence of water molecules in the active plasma favored the generation of peroxynitrite. A pilot study, identifying RNS driven post-translational modifications of proteins in healing human wounds after the treatment with cold plasma (kINPen), demonstrated the presence of in vitro determined chemical pathways. The plasma-driven nitration and nitrosylation of tyrosine allows the conclusion that covalent modification of biomolecules by RNS contributes to the clinically observed impact of cold plasmas.

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Konchekov, Evgeny M., Victoria V. Gudkova, Dmitriy E. Burmistrov, Aleksandra S. Konkova, Maria A. Zimina, Mariam D. Khatueva, Vlada A. Polyakova, et al. "Bacterial Decontamination of Water-Containing Objects Using Piezoelectric Direct Discharge Plasma and Plasma Jet." Biomolecules 14, no. 2 (February 2, 2024): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14020181.

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Cold atmospheric plasma has become a widespread tool in bacterial decontamination, harnessing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to neutralize bacteria on surfaces and in the air. This technology is often employed in healthcare, food processing, water treatment, etc. One of the most energy-efficient and universal methods for creating cold atmospheric plasma is the initiation of a piezoelectric direct discharge. The article presents a study of the bactericidal effect of piezoelectric direct discharge plasma generated using the multifunctional source “CAPKO”. This device allows for the modification of the method of plasma generation “on the fly” by replacing a unit (cap) on the working device. The results of the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in a buffer solution in the modes of direct discharge in air and a plasma jet with an argon flow are presented. The bactericidal effect of these types of plasma against the bacteria E. coli BL21 (DE3) was studied. The issues of scaling the treatment technique are considered.

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Wu, Yijiao, Shiyu Yu, Xiyin Zhang, Xianzhong Wang, and Jiaojiao Zhang. "The Regulatory Mechanism of Cold Plasma in Relation to Cell Activity and Its Application in Biomedical and Animal Husbandry Practices." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 7160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087160.

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As an innovative technology in biological applications, cold plasma is widely used in oral treatment, tissue regeneration, wound healing, and cancer therapy, etc., because of the adjustable composition and temperature which allow the plasma to react with bio-objects safely. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by cold plasma regulate cell activity in an intensity- and time-dependent manner. A low level of ROS produced by cold plasma treatment within the appropriate intensities and times promotes proliferation of skin-related cells and increases angiogenesis, which aid in the acceleration of the wound healing process, while a high level of ROS produced by cold plasma treatment performed at a high intensity or over a long period of time inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and cancer cells. Moreover, cold plasma can regulate stem cell proliferation by changing niche interface and producing nitric oxide directly. However, the molecular mechanism of cold plasma regulating cell activity and its potential application in the field of animal husbandry remain unclear in the literature. Therefore, this paper reviews the effects and possible regulatory mechanisms of cold plasma on the activities of endothelial cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, stem cells, and cancer cells to provide a theoretical basis for the application of cold plasma to skin-wound healing and cancer therapy. In addition, cold plasma exposure at a high intensity or an extended time shows excellent performances in killing various microorganisms existing in the environment or on the surface of animal food, and preparing inactivated vaccines, while cold plasma treatment within the appropriate conditions improves chicken growth and reproductive capacity. This paper introduces the potential applications of cold plasma treatment in relation to animal-breeding environments, animal health, their growth and reproduction, and animal food processing and preservation, which are all beneficial to the practice of animal husbandry and guarantee good animal food safety results.

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Zhu, Qi, Xin Ma, Xing Cao, Bin-Bin Ni, Zheng Xiang, Song Fu, Xu-Dong Gu, and Yuan-Nong Zhang. "Assessment of applicability of cold plasma dispersion relation of slot region hiss based on Van Allen Probes observations." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 5 (2022): 051101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211671.

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Electron scattering caused by plasmapheric hiss is the dominant mechanism that is responsible for the formation of slot region (1.8 ≤ <i>L</i> ≤ 3) between the Earth’s inner and outer radiation belts. The cold plasma dispersion relation of plasmaspheric hiss is widely used to quantify its scattering effect on energetic electrons. However, the existence of hot plasmas in the realistic magnetospheric environment will modify the dispersion properties of plasmaspheric hiss. According to Van Allen Probes observations, we select all hiss events in the slot region and compare the observed hiss wave amplitudes with the converted hiss wave amplitudes deduced from cold plasma dispersion relation and electric field observations, and then study the dependence of the applicability of cold plasma dispersion relation of slot region hiss on spatial position and geomagnetic activity. The results show that the cold plasma approximation tends to overestimate the amplitude of slot region hiss. The difference between the observed amplitude and the converted hiss wave amplitude has a strong day night asymmetry. However, it shows a slight dependence on the level of geomagnetic activities. In addition, we find that the converted wave magnetic field intensity is significantly lower (higher) than the observed magnetic field intensity at lower frequencies (higher frequencies), which indicates that the cold plasma approximation generally overestimates (underestimates) the scattering effects of hiss waves on the lower (higher) energy electrons in the slot region. Our study confirms that the application scope of the cold plasma dispersion relation of slot hiss has strong spatial and frequency limitations, which is of great importance in deepening our understanding of the dynamic evolution of electrons in the slot region.

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Smith, Carly, Amanda Watkins, Autumn Melvage, Abigail Lucas, Thomas Schaer, and Theresa Freeman. "Immune-modifying cold plasma for treatment of periprosthetic orthopedic infection." Journal of Immunology 212, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2024): 0842_7823. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.212.supp.0842.7823.

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Abstract Non-antibiotic treatment options are needed to combat biofilm formation in clinical settings, and cold plasma, an energized gas containing a cocktail of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, may be such a strategy. In vitro, cold plasma is antimicrobial through direct bacterial killing and modulation of virulence factors. Cold plasma treatment may also be immunostimulatory by enhancement of innate immune effector responses. We evaluated the efficacy of cold plasma for treating periprosthetic infection in an in vivo rat model. Infection mitigation following cold plasma treatment was assessed by measurement of colony forming units (CFU) of infected rats. Immune modulation was also determined using qPCR, Westerns, IHC, RNA sequencing, and histology. While we observed no reduction in CFUs, RNAseq revealed cold plasma treatment significantly enriched genes associated with neutrophil activation, chemotaxis, and inflammasome activation. IL-1β was increased at the site of infection, coordinating with increased myeloperoxidase protein and positive cells. Draining lymph nodes in plasma-treated animals were markedly smaller than untreated animals, which had significant lymphadenomegaly. Cold plasma treatment leads to enhanced innate immune cell recruitment and activation at the site of infection. Additional studies will determine if cold plasma treatment in combination with standard clinical antibiotic therapy will improve bacterial clearance following revision surgery.

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Taheri, Saeedeh, Dylan John McFarlane, Scott William Mattner, and Graham Ian Brodie. "Potential of Microwave Heating and Plasma for Biosecurity Applications." Thermo 2, no. 3 (September 19, 2022): 312–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/thermo2030022.

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This review explores the use of microwave heating and microwave-generated plasma for biosecurity applications. Microwave heating has been shown to rapidly heat and kill a wide range of pests and pathogens. Examples of microwave thermal disinfestation of soils, grains, hay, and timber are presented and discussed. Microwave energy can also ionize various gasses, including air, to create plasma. Plasmas are described by many characteristics, such as temperature, degree of ionization, and density. In the “after glow” (cold plasma) of a plasma discharge, there are sufficient charged particles and excited atoms to generate elevated UV levels and ionize the surfaces of objects. Examples of cold plasma and plasma-activated water disinfestation of grains and other commodities are also presented and discussed. Brief comments on the scale-up of this technology have also been presented.

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SANTOS, L. C. O., A. L. V. CUBAS, E. H. S. MOECKE, D. H. B. RIBEIRO, and E. R. AMANTE. "Use of Cold Plasma To Inactivate Escherichia coli and Physicochemical Evaluation in Pumpkin Puree." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 11 (October 22, 2018): 1897–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-136.

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ABSTRACT This work aimed to study the pumpkin puree processing by cold plasma corona discharge as an alternative to heat treatment to reduce Escherichia coli contamination and evaluate physicochemical alterations, using argon (Ar) as the process gas. The treatment time to verify E. coli inactivation was between 2 and 20 min, while physicochemical alterations were analyzed at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. Cold plasma corona discharge technology to inactivate E. coli proved to be promising, reaching 3.62 log cycles of reduction at 20 min of treatment. The inactivation kinectics showed a tendency of higher decrease with time. Physicochemical characteristics indicate that plasma induces a decrease of pH; however, there is an indication that process gases have an important role and react with the environment and procedure reactive species. This technology may reduce the total carotenoid content of pumpkin puree and in color, mainly the a* parameter, which showed great reduction.

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Cherif, Mohamed Majdi, Imen Assadi, Lotfi Khezami, Naoufel Ben Hamadi, Aymen Amine Assadi, and Walid Elfalleh. "Review on Recent Applications of Cold Plasma for Safe and Sustainable Food Production: Principles, Implementation, and Application Limits." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042381.

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The food and agricultural industries have numerous practical advantages to be gained from the use of cold plasma technology. This paper attempts to showcase the possible uses of cold plasma in the food sector, while also highlighting the most recent developments and market trends. The efficiency of cold plasma in enhancing food products’ quality and shelf life has been demonstrated in several investigations. This review has concentrated on current research into how this technology affects various food chain production stages. Cold plasma has become a cutting-edge non-thermal technique that can be used to ensure food safety. The precise mechanism underlying the effectiveness of cold plasma is still unclear. Understanding these mechanisms and potential elements that can restrict or increase their effectiveness and results is crucial to further enhancing and implementing cold plasma treatment in food processing. The main objective of this review is to investigate the use of plasma, its exceptional characteristics, and its advantages in safe, sustainable food production. In particular, this review summarizes recent studies on the use of cold plasma for microorganisms and pesticides treatment, compiling them and discussing their content. As reported in the literature, a critical point has also been reviewed about some diverse plasma configurations. A comparative study of the efficacy of cold plasma in environmental applications (microorganisms/pesticides) has also been reviewed from the literature.

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Akan T. and Sahin E. "kHz Plasma Pencil." Technical Physics Letters 48, no. 4 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2022.04.53159.19078.

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Recently several investigators reported on various devices of generating cold plasma jets at atmospheric pressure. A pulsed plasma source developed and reported, the plasma pencil, is one of them. This device is capable of generating a cold plasma plume several centimeters in length using a DC pulsed high voltage source. In this study, kHz alternative current voltage (18 kV-15 kHz) was applied to the electrodes similar to the electrode system of the plasma pencil instead of direct current pulse voltage and a 2-3 cm long plasma jet was produced in an air using the helium gas. This new plasma jet device named as the kHz plasma pencil. The jets produced by the kHz plasma pencil are as cold as room temperature. The optical emission spectrum of the jet of the kHz plasma pencil and the change of the jet length with the gas flow rate have been investigated. Unlike the plasma pencil, the kHz plasma pencil produces jet in two different regimes as filamentary and diffusive and it emits more radiation in the UV range. Preliminary results show that the dynamics of the kHz plasma pencil are also different from the plasma pencil. Keywords: atmospheric pressure cold plasma jet, kHz, plasma pencil, Emission spectrum.

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Attri, Pankaj, Ji Hoon Park, Anser Ali, and Eun Ha Choi. "How Does Plasma Activated Media Treatment Differ From Direct Cold Plasma Treatment?" Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 805–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520618666180406121734.

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Objective: The aim of the paper is to investigate the optimum condition for generation of Plasma Activated Media (PAM), where it can deactivate the cancer cells while minimum damage for normal cells. </P><P> Background: Over past few years, cold atmospheric Plasma-Activated Media (PAM) have shown its promising application in plasma medicine for treatment of cancer. PAM has a tremendous ability for selective anti-cancer capacity in vitro and in vivo. Methods: We have analyzed the radicals in air using the optical emission spectroscopy and in culture media using chemical analysis. Further, we have tested the toxicity of PAM using MTT assay. Results: We observed that more cancer cell death is for the Ar plasma followed by the Ar-N2 plasma, and the least cell death was observed for the Ar-O2 plasma at all treatment times both by direct treatment and through PAM treatment. The concentration of the RNS species is high for Ar-N2 plasma in gas as well as inside the culture media compared to that for pure Ar plasma. However, the difference is significantly less between the Ar plasma treatments and the Ar-N2 plasma treatments, showing that ROS is the main factor contributing to cell death. Conclusion: Among all three feeding gas plasmas the best system is Ar-O2 plasma for direct treatments towards the cancer cells. In addition, the best system for PAM preparation is Ar-N2 at low time treatments (1 min and 2 min) because it has no effect on normal cells, but kills the cancer cells.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cold plasma'

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