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Journal articles on the topic 'Cold Sensitive Phenotypes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Baliga, Chetana, Sandipan Majhi, Kajari Mondal, Antara Bhattacharjee, K. VijayRaghavan, and Raghavan Varadarajan. "Rational elicitation of cold-sensitive phenotypes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 18 (2016): E2506—E2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604190113.

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Cold-sensitive phenotypes have helped us understand macromolecular assembly and biological phenomena, yet few attempts have been made to understand the basis of cold sensitivity or to elicit it by design. We report a method for rational design of cold-sensitive phenotypes. The method involves generation of partial loss-of-function mutants, at either buried or functional sites, coupled with selective overexpression strategies. The only essential input is amino acid sequence, although available structural information can be used as well. The method has been used to elicit cold-sensitive mutants

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2

Novick, P., B. C. Osmond, and D. Botstein. "Suppressors of yeast actin mutations." Genetics 121, no. 4 (1989): 659–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/121.4.659.

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Abstract Suppressors of a temperature-sensitive mutation (act1-1) in the single actin gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were selected that had simultaneously acquired a cold-sensitive growth phenotype. Five genes, called SAC (suppressor of actin) were defined by complementation tests; both suppression and cold-sensitive phenotypes were recessive. Three of the genes (SAC1, SAC2 and SAC3) were subjected to extensive genetic and phenotypic analysis, including molecular cloning. Suppression was found to be allele-specific with respect to actin alleles. The sac mutants, even in ACT1+ genetic backgro

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3

Flower, Ann M. "SecG Function and Phospholipid Metabolism inEscherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 6 (2001): 2006–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.6.2006-2012.2001.

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ABSTRACT SecG is an auxiliary protein in the Sec-dependent protein export pathway of Escherichia coli. Although the precise function of SecG is unknown, it stimulates translocation activity and has been postulated to enhance the membrane insertion-deinsertion cycle of SecA. Deletion of secG was initially reported to result in a severe export defect and cold sensitivity. Later results demonstrated that both of these phenotypes were strain dependent, and it was proposed that an additional mutation was required for manifestation of the cold-sensitive phenotype. The results presented here demonstr

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4

Nonet, M. L., and R. A. Young. "Intragenic and extragenic suppressors of mutations in the heptapeptide repeat domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II." Genetics 123, no. 4 (1989): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/123.4.715.

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Abstract The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains a repeated heptapeptide sequence at its carboxy terminus. Yeast mutants with certain partial deletions of the carboxy-terminal repeat (CTR) domain are temperature-sensitive, cold-sensitive and are inositol auxotrophs. Intragenic and extragenic suppressors of the cold-sensitive phenotype of CTR domain deletion mutants were isolated and studied to investigate the function of this domain. Two types of intragenic suppressing mutations suppress the temperature-sensitivity, cold-sensitivity and inositol auxotrophy of CTR domain deletion muta

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5

Skiadopoulos, Mario H., Sonja Surman, Joanne M. Tatem, et al. "Identification of Mutations Contributing to the Temperature-Sensitive, Cold-Adapted, and Attenuation Phenotypes of the Live-Attenuated Cold-Passage 45 (cp45) Human Parainfluenza Virus 3 Candidate Vaccine." Journal of Virology 73, no. 2 (1999): 1374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.2.1374-1381.1999.

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ABSTRACT The live-attenuated human parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV3) cold-passage 45 (cp45) candidate vaccine was shown previously to be safe, immunogenic, and phenotypically stable in seronegative human infants. Previous findings indicated that each of the three amino acid substitutions in the L polymerase protein of cp45 independently confers the temperature-sensitive (ts) and attenuation (att) phenotypes but not the cold-adaptation (ca) phenotype (29).cp45 contains 12 additional potentially important point mutations in other proteins (N, C, M, F, and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase [HN]) or in cis-a

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6

Kuchka, Michael R., and Jonathan W. Jarvik. "Short-Flagella Mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Genetics 115, no. 4 (1987): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/115.4.685.

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ABSTRACT Six short-flagella mutants were isolated by screening clones of mutagenized Chlamydomonas for slow swimmers. The six mutants identify three unlinked Mendelian genes, with three mutations in gene shf-1, two in shf-2 and one in shf-3. shf-1 and shf-2 have been mapped to chromosomes VI and I, respectively. Two of the shf-1 mutations have temperature-sensitive flagellar-assembly phenotypes, and one shf-2 mutant has a cold-sensitive phenotype. shf shf double mutants were constructed; depending on the alleles present they showed either flagellaless or short-flagella phenotypes. Phenotypic r

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7

Puziss, J. W., T. A. Hardy, R. B. Johnson, P. J. Roach, and P. Hieter. "MDS1, a dosage suppressor of an mck1 mutant, encodes a putative yeast homolog of glycogen synthase kinase 3." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 1 (1994): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.1.831-839.1994.

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The yeast gene MCK1 encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is thought to function in regulating kinetochore activity and entry into meiosis. Disruption of MCK1 confers a cold-sensitive phenotype, a temperature-sensitive phenotype, and sensitivity to the microtubule-destabilizing drug benomyl and leads to loss of chromosomes during growth on benomyl. A dosage suppression selection was used to identify genes that, when present at high copy number, could suppress the cold-sensitive phenotype of mck1::HIS3 mutant cells. Several unique classes of clones were identified, and one of these, de

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8

Puziss, J. W., T. A. Hardy, R. B. Johnson, P. J. Roach, and P. Hieter. "MDS1, a dosage suppressor of an mck1 mutant, encodes a putative yeast homolog of glycogen synthase kinase 3." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 1 (1994): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.1.831.

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The yeast gene MCK1 encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is thought to function in regulating kinetochore activity and entry into meiosis. Disruption of MCK1 confers a cold-sensitive phenotype, a temperature-sensitive phenotype, and sensitivity to the microtubule-destabilizing drug benomyl and leads to loss of chromosomes during growth on benomyl. A dosage suppression selection was used to identify genes that, when present at high copy number, could suppress the cold-sensitive phenotype of mck1::HIS3 mutant cells. Several unique classes of clones were identified, and one of these, de

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9

Fane, B. A., and M. Hayashi. "Second-site suppressors of a cold-sensitive prohead accessory protein of bacteriophage phi X174." Genetics 128, no. 4 (1991): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/128.4.663.

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Abstract This study describes the isolation of second-site suppressors which correct for the defects associated with cold-sensitive (cs) prohead accessory proteins of bacteriophage phi X174. Five phenotypically different suppressors were isolated. Three of these suppressors confer novel temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotypes. They were unable to complement a ts mutation in gene F which encodes the major coat protein of the phage. All five suppressor mutations confer nucleotide changes in the gene F DNA sequence. These changes define four amino acid sites in the gene F protein. Three suppressor

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10

Hecht, Ralph M., Mary A. Norman, Tammy Vu, and William Jones. "A novel set of uncoordinated mutants inCaenorhabditis elegansuncovered by cold-sensitive mutations." Genome 39, no. 2 (1996): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g96-058.

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A set of uncoordinated (Unc) cold-sensitive (cs) mutants was isolated at a stringent condition of 11 °C. About half of the 13 independently isolated cs-Unc mutants were alleles of three X-linked Unc mutants that exhibited the "kinker" phenotype. The remaining four isolates identified new mutants that exhibited "kinker," "coiler," or severe paralytic phenotypes. The temperature-sensitive period (TSP) for each gene was determined. As a homozygous or heterozygous dominant, unc-125 exhibited a TSP throughout all stages of development. Its severe paralysis was immediately observed upon a shift down

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11

Ramamurthy, Visvanathan, Vesna Dapíc, and Donald Oliver. "secG and Temperature Modulate Expression of Azide-Resistant and Signal Sequence Suppressor Phenotypes of Escherichia coli secA Mutants." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 23 (1998): 6419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.23.6419-6423.1998.

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ABSTRACT SecA is a dynamic protein that undergoes ATP-dependent membrane cycling to drive protein translocation across the Escherichia coli inner membrane. To understand more about this process, azide-resistant (azi) and signal sequence suppressor (prlD) alleles of secA were studied. We found that azide resistance is cold sensitive because of a direct effect on protein export, suggesting that SecA-membrane interaction is regulated by an endothermic step that is azide inhibitable. secGfunction is required for expression of azide-resistant and signal sequence suppressor activities of azi and prl

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12

Krishnan, Karthik, та Ann M. Flower. "Suppression of ΔbipA Phenotypes in Escherichia coli by Abolishment of Pseudouridylation at Specific Sites on the 23S rRNA". Journal of Bacteriology 190, № 23 (2008): 7675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00835-08.

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ABSTRACT The BipA protein of Escherichia coli has intriguing similarities to the elongation factor subfamily of GTPases, including EF-Tu, EF-G, and LepA. In addition, phenotypes of a bipA deletion mutant suggest that BipA is involved in regulation of a variety of pathways. These two points have led to speculation that BipA may be a novel regulatory protein that affects efficient translation of target genes through direct interaction with the ribosome. We isolated and characterized suppressors of the cold-sensitive growth phenotype exhibited by ΔbipA strains and identified insertion mutations i

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13

Martin, C., and R. A. Young. "KEX2 mutations suppress RNA polymerase II mutants and alter the temperature range of yeast cell growth." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 6 (1989): 2341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.6.2341-2349.1989.

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Suppressors of a temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase II mutation were isolated to identify proteins that interact with RNA polymerase II in yeast cells. Ten independently isolated extragenic mutations that suppressed the temperature-sensitive mutation rpb1-1 and produced a cold-sensitive phenotype were all found to be alleles of a single gene, SRB1. An SRB1 partial deletion mutant was further investigated and found to exhibit several pleiotropic phenotypes. These included suppression of numerous temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase II mutations, alteration of the temperature growth range of c

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14

Martin, C., and R. A. Young. "KEX2 mutations suppress RNA polymerase II mutants and alter the temperature range of yeast cell growth." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 6 (1989): 2341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.6.2341.

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Suppressors of a temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase II mutation were isolated to identify proteins that interact with RNA polymerase II in yeast cells. Ten independently isolated extragenic mutations that suppressed the temperature-sensitive mutation rpb1-1 and produced a cold-sensitive phenotype were all found to be alleles of a single gene, SRB1. An SRB1 partial deletion mutant was further investigated and found to exhibit several pleiotropic phenotypes. These included suppression of numerous temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase II mutations, alteration of the temperature growth range of c

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15

Pöntinen, Anna, Annukka Markkula, Miia Lindström, and Hannu Korkeala. "Two-Component-System Histidine Kinases Involved in Growth of Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e at Low Temperatures." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 12 (2015): 3994–4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00626-15.

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ABSTRACTTwo-component systems (TCSs) aid bacteria in adapting to a wide variety of stress conditions. While the role of TCS response regulators in the cold tolerance of the psychrotrophic foodborne pathogenListeria monocytogeneshas been demonstrated previously, no comprehensive studies showing the role of TCS histidine kinases ofL. monocytogenesat low temperature have been performed. We compared the expression levels of each histidine kinase-encoding gene ofL. monocytogenesEGD-e in logarithmic growth phase at 3°C and 37°C, as well as the expression levels 30 min, 3 h, and 7 h after cold shock

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16

Loertscher, Jennifer, Lynnelle L. Larson, Clinton K. Matson, et al. "Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation Is Required for Cold Adaptation and Regulation of Sterol Biosynthesis in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 4 (2006): 712–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.5.4.712-722.2006.

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ABSTRACT Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) mediates the turnover of short-lived and misfolded proteins in the ER membrane or lumen. In spite of its important role, only subtle growth phenotypes have been associated with defects in ERAD. We have discovered that the ERAD proteins Ubc7 (Qri8), Cue1, and Doa10 (Ssm4) are required for growth of yeast that express high levels of the sterol biosynthetic enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR). Interestingly, the observed growth defect was exacerbated at low temperatures, producing an HMGR-dependent cold sensit

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17

Zavanelli, M. I., J. S. Britton, A. H. Igel, and M. Ares. "Mutations in an essential U2 small nuclear RNA structure cause cold-sensitive U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein function by favoring competing alternative U2 RNA structures." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 3 (1994): 1689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.3.1689-1697.1994.

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Mutations in stem-loop IIa of yeast U2 RNA cause cold-sensitive growth and cold-sensitive U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein function in vitro. Cold-sensitive U2 small nuclear RNA adopts an alternative conformation that occludes the loop and disrupts the stem but does so at both restrictive and permissive temperatures. To determine whether alternative U2 RNA structure causes the defects, we tested second-site mutations in U2 predicted to disrupt the alternative conformation. We find that such mutations efficiently suppress the cold-sensitive phenotypes and partially restore correct U2 RNA fold

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18

Zavanelli, M. I., J. S. Britton, A. H. Igel, and M. Ares. "Mutations in an essential U2 small nuclear RNA structure cause cold-sensitive U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein function by favoring competing alternative U2 RNA structures." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 3 (1994): 1689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.3.1689.

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Mutations in stem-loop IIa of yeast U2 RNA cause cold-sensitive growth and cold-sensitive U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein function in vitro. Cold-sensitive U2 small nuclear RNA adopts an alternative conformation that occludes the loop and disrupts the stem but does so at both restrictive and permissive temperatures. To determine whether alternative U2 RNA structure causes the defects, we tested second-site mutations in U2 predicted to disrupt the alternative conformation. We find that such mutations efficiently suppress the cold-sensitive phenotypes and partially restore correct U2 RNA fold

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19

YANG, Yan, Jingxian ZHANG, Jun LIU, et al. "Global identification and functional prediction of cold-related lncRNAs in eggplant." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 50, no. 4 (2022): 12931. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha50312931.

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in plant development and stress responses. So far, identification of lncRNA in eggplant response to stresses has been limited and the role in mediating response to cold stress is yet to be characterized in eggplant. In this study, there is reported the first dataset of lncRNAs responsive to cold stress in the cold tolerant and sensitive eggplants using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). 227 and 225 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were obtained in two genotypes with differential cold-tolerance. Functional characterization through gene ontology (GO)

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20

Kinzy, T. G., and J. L. Woolford. "Increased expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae translation elongation factor 1 alpha bypasses the lethality of a TEF5 null allele encoding elongation factor 1 beta." Genetics 141, no. 2 (1995): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/141.2.481.

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Abstract Translation elongation factor 1beta (EF-1beta) catalyzes the exchange of bound GDP for GTP on EF-1alpha. The lethality of a null allele of the TEF5 gene encoding EF-1beta in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was suppressed by extra copies of the TEF2 gene encoding EF-1alpha. The strains with tef5::TRP1 suppressed by extra copies of TEF were slow growing, cold sensitive, hypersensitive to inhibitors of translation elongation and showed increased phenotypic suppression of +1 frameshift and UAG nonsense mutations. Nine dominant mutant alleles of TEF2 that cause increased suppression of frameshift

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21

Thorsness, P. E., K. H. White, and T. D. Fox. "Inactivation of YME1, a member of the ftsH-SEC18-PAS1-CDC48 family of putative ATPase-encoding genes, causes increased escape of DNA from mitochondria in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 9 (1993): 5418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.9.5418-5426.1993.

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The yeast nuclear gene YME1 was one of six genes recently identified in a screen for mutations that elevate the rate at which DNA escapes from mitochondria and migrates to the nucleus. yme1 mutations, including a deletion, cause four known recessive phenotypes: an elevation in the rate at which copies of TRP1 and ARS1, integrated into the mitochondrial genome, escape to the nucleus; a heat-sensitive respiratory-growth defect; a cold-sensitive growth defect on rich glucose medium; and synthetic lethality in rho- (cytoplasmic petite) cells. The cloned YME1 gene complements all of these phenotype

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22

Thorsness, P. E., K. H. White, and T. D. Fox. "Inactivation of YME1, a member of the ftsH-SEC18-PAS1-CDC48 family of putative ATPase-encoding genes, causes increased escape of DNA from mitochondria in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 9 (1993): 5418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.9.5418.

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The yeast nuclear gene YME1 was one of six genes recently identified in a screen for mutations that elevate the rate at which DNA escapes from mitochondria and migrates to the nucleus. yme1 mutations, including a deletion, cause four known recessive phenotypes: an elevation in the rate at which copies of TRP1 and ARS1, integrated into the mitochondrial genome, escape to the nucleus; a heat-sensitive respiratory-growth defect; a cold-sensitive growth defect on rich glucose medium; and synthetic lethality in rho- (cytoplasmic petite) cells. The cloned YME1 gene complements all of these phenotype

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23

Shimajiri, Tomoyuki, and Joji M. Otaki. "Phenotypic Plasticity of the Mimetic Swallowtail Butterfly Papilio polytes: Color Pattern Modifications and Their Implications in Mimicry Evolution." Insects 13, no. 7 (2022): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13070649.

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Butterfly wing color patterns are sensitive to environmental stress, such as temperature shock, and this phenotypic plasticity plays an important role in color pattern evolution. However, the potential contributions of phenotypic plasticity to mimicry evolution have not been evaluated. Here, we focused on the swallowtail butterfly Papilio polytes, which has nonmimetic and mimetic forms in females, to examine its plastic phenotypes. In the nonmimetic form, medial white spots and submarginal reddish spots in the ventral hindwings were enlarged by cold shock but were mostly reduced in size by hea

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24

Skiadopoulos, Mario H., Anna P. Durbin, Joanne M. Tatem, et al. "Three Amino Acid Substitutions in the L Protein of the Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 cp45 Live Attenuated Vaccine Candidate Contribute to Its Temperature-Sensitive and Attenuation Phenotypes." Journal of Virology 72, no. 3 (1998): 1762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.3.1762-1768.1998.

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ABSTRACT Studies were initiated to define the genetic basis of the temperature-sensitive (ts), cold adaptation (ca), and attenuation (att) phenotypes of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) cp45 live attenuated vaccine candidate. Genetic data had previously suggested that the L polymerase protein of cp45, which contains three amino acid substitutions at positions 942, 992, and 1558, contributed to its temperature sensitivity (R. Ray, M. S. Galinski, B. R. Heminway, K. Meyer, F. K. Newman, and R. B. Belshe, J. Virol. 70:580–584, 1996; A. Stokes, E. L. Tierney, C. M. Sarris, B. R. Murphy,

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Kiseleva, I., Q. Su, T. J. Toner, et al. "Cell-based assay for the determination of temperature sensitive and cold adapted phenotypes of influenza viruses." Journal of Virological Methods 116, no. 1 (2004): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2003.10.012.

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26

Mutero, Annick, Jean-Marc Bride, Madeleine Pralavorio, and Didier Fournier. "Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase: Identification and expression of two mutations responsible for cold- and heat-sensitive phenotypes." Molecular and General Genetics MGG 243, no. 6 (1994): 699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00279580.

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27

Asare, Emmanuel, JoAnn Mugavero, Ping Jiang, Eckard Wimmer, and Aniko V. Paul. "A Single Amino Acid Substitution in Poliovirus Nonstructural Protein 2CATPaseCauses Conditional Defects in Encapsidation and Uncoating." Journal of Virology 90, no. 14 (2016): 6174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02877-15.

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ABSTRACTThe specificity of encapsidation of C-cluster enteroviruses depends on an interaction between capsid proteins and nonstructural protein 2CATPase. In particular, residue N252of poliovirus 2CATPaseinteracts with VP3 of coxsackievirus A20, in the context of a chimeric virus. Poliovirus 2CATPasehas important roles both in RNA replication and encapsidation. In this study, we searched for additional sites in 2CATPase, near N252, that are required for encapsidation. Accordingly, segments adjacent to N252were analyzed by combining triple and single alanine mutations to identify residues requir

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28

Okai, Haruka, Ryoko Ikema, Hiroki Nakamura, et al. "Cold‐sensitive phenotypes of a yeast null mutant of ARV1 support its role as a GPI flippase." FEBS Letters 594, no. 15 (2020): 2431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.13843.

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Li, Dan, David Mahoudjro Bodjrenou, Shuting Zhang, et al. "The Endophytic Fungus Piriformospora indica Reprograms Banana to Cold Resistance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (2021): 4973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094973.

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Banana (Musa spp.), one of the most important fruits worldwide, is generally cold sensitive. In this study, by using the cold-sensitive banana variety Tianbaojiao (Musa acuminate) as the study material, we investigated the effects of Piriformospora indica on banana cold resistance. Seedlings with and without fungus colonization were subjected to 4 °C cold treatment. The changes in plant phenotypes, some physiological and biochemical parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and the expression of eight cold-responsive genes in banana leaves before and after cold treatment were measured.

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Igoshin, Alexander, Nikolay Yudin, Ruslan Aitnazarov, Andrey A. Yurchenko, and Denis M. Larkin. "Whole-Genome Resequencing Points to Candidate DNA Loci Affecting Body Temperature under Cold Stress in Siberian Cattle Populations." Life 11, no. 9 (2021): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090959.

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Despite the economic importance of creating cold resilient cattle breeds, our knowledge of the genetic basis of adaptation to cold environments in cattle is still scarce compared to information on other economically important traits. Herein, using whole-genome resequencing of animals showing contrasting phenotypes on temperature maintenance under acute cold stress combined with the existing SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) functional annotations, we report chromosomal regions and candidate SNPs controlling body temperature in the Siberian cattle populations. The SNP ranking procedure based

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Ursic, D., J. C. Sedbrook, K. L. Himmel, and M. R. Culbertson. "The essential yeast Tcp1 protein affects actin and microtubules." Molecular Biology of the Cell 5, no. 10 (1994): 1065–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.5.10.1065.

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Previously, we showed that the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cold-sensitive mutation tcp1-1 confers growth arrest concomitant with cytoskeletal disorganization and disruption of microtubule-mediated processes. We have identified two new recessive mutations, tcp1-2 and tcp1-3, that confer heat- and cold-sensitive growth. Cells carrying tcp1 alleles were analyzed after exposure to the appropriate restrictive temperatures by cell viability tests, differential contrast microscopy, fluorescent, and immunofluorescent microscopy of DNA, tubulin, and actin and by determining the DNA content per cell.

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Patterson, Bruce, and James A. Spudich. "Cold-Sensitive Mutations of Dictyostelium Myosin Heavy Chain Highlight Functional Domains of the Myosin Motor." Genetics 143, no. 2 (1996): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/143.2.801.

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Abstract Dictyostelium provides a powerful environment for characterization of myosin II function. It provides wellestablished biochemical methods for in vitro analysis of myosin's properties as well as an array of molecular genetic tools. The absence of myosin function results in an array of phenotypes that can be used to genetically manipulate myosin function. We have previously reported methods for the isolation and identification of rapideffect cold-sensitive myosin II mutations in Dictyostelium. Here, we report the development and utilization of a rapid method for localizing these point m

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Dutton, F. L., and A. Chovnick. "The l(3)S12 locus of Drosophila melanogaster: heterochromatic position effects and stage-specific misexpression of the gene in P element transposons." Genetics 128, no. 1 (1991): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/128.1.103.

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Abstract l(3)S12 is a vital locus whose function is required in embryos, early larvae, late pupae and oogenesis. We have identified a cold-sensitive allele, l(3)S12(3), and characterized conditional misexpression of the gene associated with this mutation as well as with several euchromatic insertions of l(3)S12+ transposons. Surviving cold-sensitive mutants as well as underexpression variants generated by P element transformation display a phenotypic syndrome that can include delayed development, abnormal bristle morphology, and female sterility. Using these phenotypes, defects in putative "ea

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Zhou, Bin, Victoria A. Meliopoulos, Wei Wang, et al. "Reversion of Cold-Adapted Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine into a Pathogenic Virus." Journal of Virology 90, no. 19 (2016): 8454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00163-16.

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ABSTRACTThe only licensed live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines (LAIVs) in the United States (FluMist) are created using internal protein-coding gene segments from the cold-adapted temperature-sensitive master donor virus A/Ann Arbor/6/1960 and HA/NA gene segments from circulating viruses. During serial passage of A/Ann Arbor/6/1960 at low temperatures to select the desired attenuating phenotypes, multiple cold-adaptive mutations and temperature-sensitive mutations arose. A substantial amount of scientific and clinical evidence has proven that FluMist is safe and effective. Nevertheless,

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Miao, Mingjun, Huaqiang Tan, Le Liang, et al. "Comparative transcriptome analysis of cold-tolerant and -sensitive asparagus bean under chilling stress and recovery." PeerJ 10 (March 22, 2022): e13167. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13167.

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Background Low temperature is a type of abiotic stress that threatens the growth and yield of asparagus bean. However, the key genes and regulatory pathways involved in low temperature response in this legume are still poorly understood. Methodology. The present study analyzed the transcriptome of seedlings from two asparagus bean cultivars—Dubai bean and Ningjiang 3—using Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Correlations between samples were determined by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) and principal component analysis (PCA). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two

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Campodonico, Eva, and Beate Schwer. "ATP-Dependent Remodeling of the Spliceosome: Intragenic Suppressors of Release-Defective Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Prp22." Genetics 160, no. 2 (2002): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/160.2.407.

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Abstract The essential splicing factor Prp22 is a DEAH-box helicase that catalyzes the release of mRNA from the spliceosome. ATP hydrolysis by Prp22 is necessary but not sufficient for spliceosome disassembly. Previous work showed that mutations in motif III (635SAT637) of Prp22 that uncouple ATP hydrolysis from spliceosome disassembly lead to severe cold-sensitive (cs) growth defects and to impaired RNA unwinding activity in vitro. The cs phenotype of S635A (635AAT) can be suppressed by intragenic mutations that restore RNA unwinding. We now report the isolation and characterization of new in

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Lux, F. G., and S. K. Dutcher. "Genetic interactions at the FLA10 locus: suppressors and synthetic phenotypes that affect the cell cycle and flagellar function in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Genetics 128, no. 3 (1991): 549–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/128.3.549.

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Abstract Through the isolation of suppressors of temperature-sensitive flagellar assembly mutations at the FLA10 locus of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we have identified six other genes involved in flagellar assembly. Mutations at these suppressor loci, termed SUF1-SUF6, display allele specificity with respect to which fla10- mutant alleles they suppress. An additional mutation, apm1-122, which confers resistance to the plant herbicides amiprophos-methyl and oryzalin, was also found to interact with mutations at the FLA10 locus. The apm1-122 mutation in combination with three fla10- mutant allel

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Adachi, Y., and M. Yanagida. "Higher order chromosome structure is affected by cold-sensitive mutations in a Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene crm1+ which encodes a 115-kD protein preferentially localized in the nucleus and its periphery." Journal of Cell Biology 108, no. 4 (1989): 1195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.108.4.1195.

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We isolated a novel class of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cold-sensitive mutants with deformed nuclear chromosome domains consisting of thread- or rodlike condensed segments at restrictive temperature. Their mutations were mapped in a novel, identical locus designated crm1 (chromosomal region maintenance). The crm1 mutants also show the following phenotypes. DNA, RNA, and protein syntheses diminish at restrictive temperature. At permissive temperature, the amount of one particular protein, p25, greatly increases. The mutant growth is hypersensitive to Ca2+ and resistant to protein kinase inhibito

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Habibu, Buhari, Lukuman Surakat Yaqub, Tavershima Dzenda, and Mohammed Umaru Kawu. "Sensitivity, Impact and Consequences of Changes in Respiratory Rate During Thermoregulation in Livestock – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 19, no. 2 (2019): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2019-0002.

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AbstractThis review discusses the thermal conservative and heat dissipating roles of one of the most sensitive thermoregulatory variables (respiratory rate) with the aim of enhancing its application in evaluating both cold and heat adaptation. During cold exposure, livestock enhance the economy of body heat through reduction in respiratory rate with the extent of reduction being greater and commencing at relatively higher ambient temperature in poorly adapted phenotypes. This is accompanied by an increase in tidal volume and alveolar oxygen uptake, but a decrease in partial pressure of oxygen.

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Voelker, R. A., S. M. Huang, G. B. Wisely, J. F. Sterling, S. P. Bainbridge, and K. Hiraizumi. "Molecular and genetic organization of the suppressor of sable and minute (1) 1B region in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 122, no. 3 (1989): 625–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/122.3.625.

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Abstract Recessive mutations at the suppressor of sable [su(s)] locus in Drosophila melanogaster result in suppression of second site mutations caused by insertions of the mobile element 412. In order to determine whether su(s) mutations might have other phenotypes, a saturation mapping of the su(s) region was carried out. The screen yielded 76 mutations that comprise ten genetic complementation groups ordered distal to proximal as follows: l(1)1Bh, l(1)1Bi, M(1)1B, su(s), l(1)1Bk, l(1)1Ca, mul, tw, l(1)lDa and brc. Twenty-three of the mutations are su(s) alleles, and all are suppressors of th

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Schatz, P. J., F. Solomon, and D. Botstein. "Isolation and characterization of conditional-lethal mutations in the TUB1 alpha-tubulin gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 120, no. 3 (1988): 681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/120.3.681.

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Abstract Microtubules in yeast are functional components of the mitotic and meiotic spindles and are essential for nuclear movement during cell division and mating. We have isolated 70 conditional-lethal mutations in the TUB1 alpha-tubulin gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a plasmid replacement technique. Of the 70 mutations isolated, 67 resulted in cold-sensitivity, one resulted in temperature-sensitivity, and two resulted in both. Fine-structure mapping revealed that the mutations were located throughout the TUB1 gene. We characterized the phenotypes caused by 38 of the mutati

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Hirano, H., K. Tanaka, K. Ozaki, et al. "ROM7/BEM4 encodes a novel protein that interacts with the Rho1p small GTP-binding protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 8 (1996): 4396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.8.4396.

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The RHO1 gene encodes a homolog of the mammalian RhoA small GTP-binding protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rho1p is localized at the growth site and is required for bud formation. The RHO1(G22S, D125N) mutation is a temperature-sensitive and dominant negative mutation of RHO1, and a multicopy suppressor of RHO1(G22S, D125N), ROM7, was isolated. Nucleotide sequencing of ROM7 revealed that it is identical to the BEM4 gene (GenBank accession number L27816), although its physiological function has not yet been reported. Disruption of BEM4 resulted in the cold- and temperature-sensitive

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Jin, Hong, Helen Zhou, Bin Lu, and George Kemble. "Imparting Temperature Sensitivity and Attenuation in Ferrets to A/Puerto Rico/8/34 Influenza Virus by Transferring the Genetic Signature for Temperature Sensitivity from Cold-Adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60." Journal of Virology 78, no. 2 (2004): 995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.2.995-998.2004.

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ABSTRACT The four temperature-sensitive (ts) loci identified in the PB1 and PB2 gene segments of cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 influenza virus, the master donor virus for influenza A virus (MDV-A) FluMist vaccines, were introduced into a divergent A/Puerto Rico/8/34 influenza virus strain. Recombinant A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus with these four introduced ts loci exhibited both ts and att phenotypes similar to those of MDV-A, which could be used as a donor virus for manufacturing large quantities of inactivated influenza virus vaccine against potential pandemic strains.

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Cyril, Jenith, R. R. Duncan, and W. V. Baird. "Changes in Membrane Fatty Acids in Cold-acclimated Turfgrass." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 453c—453. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.453c.

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Three genotypes of seashore paspalum, `PI 299042', `Adalayd', and `PI 509018-1' considered to be cold-sensitive, intermediately cold-tolerant and cold-tolerant, respectively, were analyzed to investigate the biochemical basis of cold tolerance. The cultivars were acclimated to 8/4 °C day/night temperatures and rhizomes nodes and crowns were harvested at 7-day intervals over the 4-week experiment. Total lipid was extracted from these tissues, and the fatty acids present in the lipid fraction were identified by gas chromatography. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid wer

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Moritz, M., B. A. Pulaski, and J. L. Woolford. "Assembly of 60S ribosomal subunits is perturbed in temperature-sensitive yeast mutants defective in ribosomal protein L16." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 11 (1991): 5681–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.11.5681-5692.1991.

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Temperature-sensitive mutants defective in 60S ribosomal subunit protein L16 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated through hydroxylamine mutagenesis of the RPL16B gene and plasmid shuffling. Two heat-sensitive and two cold-sensitive isolates were characterized. The growth of the four mutants is inhibited at their restrictive temperatures. However, many of the cells remain viable if returned to their permissive temperatures. All of the mutants are deficient in 60S ribosomal subunits and therefore accumulate translational preinitiation complexes. Three of the mutants exhibit a shortage of ma

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Moritz, M., B. A. Pulaski, and J. L. Woolford. "Assembly of 60S ribosomal subunits is perturbed in temperature-sensitive yeast mutants defective in ribosomal protein L16." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 11 (1991): 5681–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.11.5681.

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Temperature-sensitive mutants defective in 60S ribosomal subunit protein L16 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated through hydroxylamine mutagenesis of the RPL16B gene and plasmid shuffling. Two heat-sensitive and two cold-sensitive isolates were characterized. The growth of the four mutants is inhibited at their restrictive temperatures. However, many of the cells remain viable if returned to their permissive temperatures. All of the mutants are deficient in 60S ribosomal subunits and therefore accumulate translational preinitiation complexes. Three of the mutants exhibit a shortage of ma

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Imai, Jun, Akio Toh-e, and Yasushi Matsui. "Genetic Analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RHO3 Gene, Encoding a Rho-Type Small GTPase, Provides Evidence for a Role in Bud Formation." Genetics 142, no. 2 (1996): 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/142.2.359.

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Abstract RHO3 encodes a Rho-type small GTPase of the yeast Saccharomyces cereuisiae. We isolated temperature-sensitive alleles and a dominant active allele of RHO3. Ts- rho3 cells lost cell polarity during bud formation and grew more isotropically than wild-type cells at nonpermissive temperatures. In contrast, cells carrying a dominant active mutant RHO3 displayed cold sensitivity, and the cells became elongated and bent, often at the position where actin patches were concentrated. These phenotypes of the rho3 mutants strongly suggest that RHO3 is involved in directing the growing points duri

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Phan, Huy, and Michael Schläppi. "Low Temperature Antioxidant Activity QTL Associate with Genomic Regions Involved in Physiological Cold Stress Tolerance Responses in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Genes 12, no. 11 (2021): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12111700.

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Boosting cold stress tolerance in crop plants can minimize stress-mediated yield losses. Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.), one of the most consumed cereal crops, originated from subtropical regions and is generally sensitive to low temperature environments. Within the two subspecies of rice, JAPONICA, and INDICA, the cold tolerance potential of its accessions is highly variable and depends on their genetic background. Yet, cold stress tolerance response mechanisms are complex and not well understood. This study utilized 370 accessions from the Rice Diversity Panel 1 (RDP1) to investigate and corre

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Kirkpatrick, D., and F. Solomon. "Overexpression of yeast homologs of the mammalian checkpoint gene RCC1 suppresses the class of alpha-tubulin mutations that arrest with excess microtubules." Genetics 137, no. 2 (1994): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/137.2.381.

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Abstract Microtubules in eukaryotic cells participate in a variety of nuclear and cytoplasmic structures, reflecting functional requirements and cell cycle position. We are studying the cellular regulation of microtubule assembly and organization in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We screened for genes that when overexpressed suppress the growth phenotype of conditional mutants in alpha-tubulin that arrest with excess microtubules at the nonpermissive temperature (class 2 mutations). Here we describe one such suppressing element, called ATS1 (for Alpha Tubulin Suppressor). Overexpression o

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Budd, Martin E., Clara C. Reis, Stephanie Smith, Kyungjae Myung та Judith L. Campbell. "Evidence Suggesting that Pif1 Helicase Functions in DNA Replication with the Dna2 Helicase/Nuclease and DNA Polymerase δ". Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, № 7 (2006): 2490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.26.7.2490-2500.2006.

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ABSTRACT The precise machineries required for two aspects of eukaryotic DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing (OFP) and telomere maintenance, are poorly understood. In this work, we present evidence that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pif1 helicase plays a wider role in DNA replication than previously appreciated and that it likely functions in conjunction with Dna2 helicase/nuclease as a component of the OFP machinery. In addition, we show that Dna2, which is known to associate with telomeres in a cell-cycle-specific manner, may be a new component of the telomere replication apparatus. Speci

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