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1
Poirier, Paul-Hubert. "LACTANCE, La colère de Dieu." Laval théologique et philosophique 41, no. 2 (1985): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/400176ar.
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Fédou, Michel. "La « colère » de Dieu : quelle signification pour la théologie chrétienne ?" Recherches de Science Religieuse Tome 112, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rsr.241.0139.
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Le thème biblique de la « colère » divine est-il seulement une manière de parler ? Ou dit-il réellement les dispositions de Dieu lui-même face à l’incrédulité ou au péché des êtres humains ? Développé par Lactance au IV e siècle, ce thème a pris une importance centrale chez Luther et Karl Barth. Il est aussi présent chez un théologien catholique comme Balthasar, en réaction contre la sotériologie de Rahner. Plutôt que de prétendre concilier les diverses positions en la matière, il importe de prendre au sérieux la tension même qui se manifeste entre elles, et de revisiter à cette lumière un certain nombre de questions auxquelles la théologie chrétienne se trouve confrontée, telles que la Passion rédemptrice, l’attitude de l’Église envers les pécheurs et la question du jugement eschatologique.
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Cattin, Yves. "Dieu d'amour et Dieu de colère... Justice et miséricorde dans le Proslogion (ch. VI-XI) d'Anselme de Canterbury." Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses 69, no. 3 (1989): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rhpr.1989.5027.
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Waterlot, Muriel. "Collocations verbo-nominales avec gniew (colère) dans Brat naszego Boga (Karol Wojtyła) et leur traduction en français et en néerlandais." Roczniki Humanistyczne 69, no. 8 (October 14, 2021): 129–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh21698-9.
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Cet article rend compte d’une analyse de la traduction de collocations avec le nom gniew (‘colère’) dans la pièce de théâtre de Karol Wojtyła Brat naszego Boga (Frère de notre Dieu) en français, et propose des traductions de ces collocations en néerlandais.
Pour l’analyse sémantico-discursive des collocations avec gniew (‘colère’), nous avons établi un modèle méthodologique dans lequel nous avons intégré – à partir de la définition de la colère par Eckman – des éléments de cette émotion (en tant que processus) et leur réalisation linguistique qui se présente sous la forme d’une collocation verbo-nominale (du type V+N ou N+V) selon l’approche cognitive de la collocation proposée par Śliwa.
L’analyse des collocations ouvre une perspective contrastive afin de repérer d’éventuelles difficultés dans la traduction des collocations verbo-nominales avec gniew. Pour faciliter une description plus détaillée du degré de correspondance de la traduction de ces collocations, nous avons eu recours au schéma de Camugli Gallardo.
Cette étude nous permet d’affirmer qu’une approche sémantico-discursive appliquée à l’analyse comparative de la traduction de certaines unités lexicales ; telles les collocations – pourrait être adoptée comme point de départ pour définir les critères permettant d’évaluer la qualité d’une traduction.
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Waterlot, Muriel. "Collocations verbo-nominales avec gniew (colère) dans Brat naszego Boga (Karol Wojtyła) et leur traduction en français et en néerlandais." Roczniki Humanistyczne 69, no. 8 (October 14, 2021): 129–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh21698-9.
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Cet article rend compte d’une analyse de la traduction de collocations avec le nom gniew (‘colère’) dans la pièce de théâtre de Karol Wojtyła Brat naszego Boga (Frère de notre Dieu) en français, et propose des traductions de ces collocations en néerlandais.
Pour l’analyse sémantico-discursive des collocations avec gniew (‘colère’), nous avons établi un modèle méthodologique dans lequel nous avons intégré – à partir de la définition de la colère par Eckman – des éléments de cette émotion (en tant que processus) et leur réalisation linguistique qui se présente sous la forme d’une collocation verbo-nominale (du type V+N ou N+V) selon l’approche cognitive de la collocation proposée par Śliwa.
L’analyse des collocations ouvre une perspective contrastive afin de repérer d’éventuelles difficultés dans la traduction des collocations verbo-nominales avec gniew. Pour faciliter une description plus détaillée du degré de correspondance de la traduction de ces collocations, nous avons eu recours au schéma de Camugli Gallardo.
Cette étude nous permet d’affirmer qu’une approche sémantico-discursive appliquée à l’analyse comparative de la traduction de certaines unités lexicales ; telles les collocations – pourrait être adoptée comme point de départ pour définir les critères permettant d’évaluer la qualité d’une traduction.
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Le Penru, Rodolphe. "Providence et passions divines dans le stoïcisme : comment prémunir un dieu bienveillant contre la colère ?" Elenchos 44, no. 2 (November 21, 2023): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/elen-2023-0013.
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Abstract Against the Epicureans who conceive the gods as indifferent to make them inaccessible to anger, the Stoics assert that the god is incapable of anger due to his very benevolence. However, doesn’t the Stoic god’s concern for man threaten his impassivity and expose him to feel anger and passions? In this paper, I address, in a theological context, the classic ethical problem of the compatibility between the integrity of the individual and his concern for others. Several hypotheses are examined. Is divine benevolence merely a disposition to do good to human beings, devoid of any affection for them? If it is a feeling, is it an aspiration to the very exercise of the virtue of benevolence, rather than to the good of mankind in itself? Or could it be understood, in the context of the cosmic οἰκείωσις, as the god’s care for his own parts? Finally, should not we distinguish, in god’s philanthropy, between the φιλία he feels for the wise men and the ἔρως he feels for everyone else?
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Nutkowicz, Hélène. "PROPOS AUTOUR DE LA MORT D'UN ENFANT 2 SAMUEL XI, 2-XII, 24." Vetus Testamentum 54, no. 1 (2004): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853304772932960.
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AbstractÀ la mort de son premier fils avec Bethsabée, le roi David ne respecte pas les rites funèbres. Ce fait exceptionnel dans le comportement du souverain ne laisse pas de surprendre, puisque ce dernier n'a jamais manqué de les observer, même pour ses pires ennemis. Cette réflexion cherche une explication possible au travers d'une perspective à la fois sémantique et anthropologique. Cette dernière approche est éclairée par l'attitude et la personnalité du souverain. Dès 2 Samuel xii, 13, le texte indique que Dieu a décidé de substituer l'enfant, fruit du péché, à son père, auteur du péché. Le verbe choisi par Nathan est explicite, et la forme verbale du hiphil révèle que Dieu « a fait passer », he'ebîr, le péché, et l'a transféré sur l'enfant. Celui-ci remplit toutes les conditions pour jouer le rôle de victime expiatoire. Le sacrifice, exutoire à la colère divine, illumine le projet divin puisque sa violence mais aussi son efficacité permettront, en échange, de fonder la dynastie davidique.
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Paci, Viva. "Certains paysages d’Herzog sous la loupe du système des attractions." Cinémas 12, no. 1 (October 31, 2007): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/024869ar.
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RÉSUMÉ Ce texte présente un parcours de l'évolution du concept d'attraction dans les théories du cinéma. Les lectures qu'en font Eisenstein et Gunning permettent à l'auteur de faire un parallèle avec un autre concept, celui de défamiliarisation. À la lumière de cette mise au point, il devient possible d'établir que la manière dont Herzog utilise les paysages dans des films comme Fata Morgana (1968-1970) et Aguirre, la colère de Dieu (1972) s'inscrit parfaitement dans la préoccupation d'une communication directe comme celle qui entoure le concept d'attraction. L'idée de sublime s'insère dans ce parcours pour souligner le caractère fortement émotif sur lequel jouent les représentations de paysages chez Herzog.
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Polignac, François de. "Poséidon et le pneuma. Le séisme comme signe et remède en Grèce ancienne." Revue de l'histoire des religions 2 (2024): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11vdv.
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En Grèce ancienne, les séismes semblent relever de deux types d’explication inconciliables : soit comme une manifestation de la colère du dieu Poséidon, soit comme un phénomène purement naturel dû à l’accumulation d’un élément sous terre – l’eau, l’air ou le souffle. Mais cette opposition apparente masque des analogies conceptuelles. L’action de Poséidon n’est pas simplement destructrice. Elle participe à la construction d’un monde habitable en organisant la circulation des eaux. Les théories naturalistes sont fondées sur la même idée que le séisme, tout comme les désordres du corps, reflète un déséquilibre dans la circulation d’un principe primordial. « Croyance » et « science » sont fondées sur les mêmes représentations ; c’est dans le rapport entre cause et effet qu’elles divergent.
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Cattin, Yves. "Dieu d'amour et Dieu de colère... Justice et miséricorde dans le Proslogion (ch. VI-XI) d'Anselme de Canterbury (suite). Le lieu de la pensée anselmienne." Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses 69, no. 4 (1989): 423–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rhpr.1989.5041.
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Nassichuk, John. "La condition tragique de l’homme dans la Silve IV des Juvenilia de Théodore de Bèze1." Études françaises 44, no. 2 (October 24, 2008): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/019176ar.
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Résumé Trois ans avant la publication de l’Abraham sacrifiant, Théodore de Bèze publie au sein de ses Juvenilia (1548) une Silve latine qu’il désigne comme la préface des Psaumes pénitentiaux. Ce poème narratif en hexamètres propose une récriture de l’épisode au deuxième livre de Samuel, dans lequel David commet le péché d’adultère avec Bethsabée et envoie à une mort certaine Urie, le mari de la jeune femme. Bèze souligne le caractère puissant et diabolique de la tentation à laquelle David, roi pieux, n’évite pas de succomber. Dans un échantillon remarquable d’imitatio virgiliana, il narre dans le détail la réaction du pénitent lorsque celui-ci apprend que son méfait a suscité la colère de Dieu. Au lieu d’inscrire son apologie de David dans la lignée patristique qui depuis saint Ambroise perçoit le fils de Jessé comme une préfiguration du Christ, l’exemplum de l’homme pieux susceptible de pécher lorsque la tentation semble irrésistible, Bèze s’intéresse davantage à la souffrance intérieure et spirituelle de l’homme élu mais coupable devant Dieu. Le caractère proprement tragique de l’épisode réside dans cette souffrance du pécheur qui regrette vainement son état antérieur.
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Colombo Timelli, Maria. "Dauphin, sirène, coq basilic, vent marin." Reinardus / Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 33 (December 31, 2021): 10–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rein.00048.col.
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Résumé Le Dialogus creaturarum, recueil de 122 fables compilé au XIVe siècle par un auteur anonyme, a joui d’un succès européen, manuscrit et imprimé, qui s’est prolongé jusque vers 1550; trois versions françaises en sont connues: les deux premières en prose, l’une de Colard Mansion (1482), l’autre anonyme (1482 également), la plus tardive, manuscrite et en vers, de Jean Gontier (ca 1539–1549). Les créatures de Dieu, protagonistes de ces récits, y interviennent selon l’ordre de la Genèse: la section consacrée aux poissons, la quatrième, comprenant les dialogues 37 à 48. L’intérêt du recueil ne réside pourtant pas dans ce qu’il nous dit sur les poissons (il ne fait que confirmer le caractère non homogène de la catégorie, qui indique au Moyen Âge un groupe malaisé à appréhender, piscis étant tout animal / être vivant qui vit dans l’eau), ni dans le contenu des enseignements impartis (conseils de prudence; mises en garde contre les femmes ou les vices: avarice, hypocrisie, superbe, colère, ingratitude; les fables sur les poissons ne se distinguant pas des autres), ni encore dans les descriptions fournies, mais justement dans la présence même de ces êtres dans un recueil de fables. L’analyse proposée ici prend en compte tant les aspects lexicographiques et textuels que l’iconographie, qui concourt, dans l’ensemble de la tradition, à l’approche et à la compréhension du recueil.
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Galati, Dario, Renato Miceli, and Marco Tamietto. "Emotions and feelings in the Bible: analysis of the Pentateuch's affective lexicon." Social Science Information 46, no. 2 (June 2007): 355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018407076653.
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English This study aims to investigate how affective states are described in the Old Testament. Three psychology researchers were asked to read the first five books of the first Italian version (from the 18th century) of the Old Testament (Pentateuch, or Torah) and to select all the terms that referred to an emotion or a feeling. For each selected term, they also had to pinpoint its position in the text (i.e. book, chapter) and the various characteristics of the affective episode in which it appeared (i.e. experiencing subject, situational antecedent, intentional object, instrumental behaviors). The textual analysis showed that the affective terms most frequently cited referred to four categories: “fear, awe”, “anger, hate”, “affliction, pain, sadness” and “love, joy, happiness”. These categories were significantly associated with specific instrumental behaviors and characters of the narration. Multivariate analysis also indicated that the frequency of citation of the affective categories varied significantly as a function of the book in which they appeared. In the conclusions, the authors discuss the conception of emotions and feelings issuing from the Pentateuch analysis. French L'article se propose d'analyser de quelle manière les expériences affectives sont décrites et évaluées dans la Bible. On a demandé à trois chercheurs psychologues de lire les cinq premiers livres de la première version italienne (du 18ème siècle) de la Bible (le Pentateuque, ou Torah) et d'y sélectionner tous les termes se référant à des expériences affectives (émotions et sentiments). Pour chaque terme sélectionné, ils devaient aussi indiquer sa position dans le texte (livre, chapitre) et les différentes composantes de l'épisode au cours duquel l'émotion ou le sentiment étaient expérimentés (le sujet qui expérimentait l'expérience affective, la situation qui la causait, l'objet intentionnel auquel elle se référait, le comportement réactif du sujet, l'évaluation morale de l'expérience). Les résultats de la sélection ont mis en évidence que les termes affectifs les plus fréquents se réfèrent à quatre catégories d'émotions, à savoir, dans l'ordre, la peur, la colère, la tristesse, la joie. Ces émotions sont expérimentées à des fréquences différentes par les principaux personnages de la narration (Dieu, les hommes, le Peuple d'Israël). L'émotion le plus souvent expérimentée par Dieu est la colère et par les différents personnages humains, la peur. Aucune évaluation morale négative quant aux expériences affectives n'émerge de l'analyse du texte. L'analyse multivariée met en évidence le fait que la fréquence des citations des catégories émotionnelles change sensiblement en fonction des cinq livres du Pentateuque. Dans leurs conclusions, les auteurs examinent la conception implicite des émotions et des sentiments qui semble émerger du Pentateuque.
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Wénin, André. "La Cohérence narrative de 2 Rois 3: Une Réponse à Jesús Asurmendi La Cohérence narrative de 2 Rois 3: Une Réponse à Jesús Asurmendi." Biblical Interpretation 14, no. 5 (2006): 444–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851506778767975.
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AbstractLa finale de 2 R 3 fait problème, comme l'a souligné dans un article récent J. Asurmendi (BibInt 13 [2005] 1-12). Selon lui, seule une étude historico-critique peut éclairer ce point qui résiste à l'analyse narrative. Cependant, si on considère que les vv. 1-3 font partie de l'exposition du récit, si on pousse l'enquête narrative plus loin et si on s'interroge sur l'ellipse dans le dernier verset, une cohérence d'ensemble apparaît. De soi, un dénouement avorté n'est pas impossible pour un récit, surtout lorsque celui-ci est intégré à une trame épisodique. Ici, il est même compréhensible dans la dynamique du récit. Dès le début de son règne, Yoram se détourne partiellement de l'idolâtrie de ses parents (v. 2), ce que confirme plus loin sa disposition à consulter Élisée et son insistence lorsque celui-ci le rabroue (vv. 12-13). Mais il ne se détourne pas pour autant de l'apostasie de Jéroboam (v. 3) ; aussi ne réagit-il pas lorsque Israël décampe devant la colère du dieu de Moab suite à l'holocauste du premier-né de Mésha (vv. 25-27) au lieu d'exécuter jusqu'au bout la demande d'Élisée de détruire toutes les villes de Moab une fois la victoire donnée par Yhwh (vv. 18-19). La finale de 2 R 3 fait problème, comme l'a souligné dans un article récent J. Asurmendi (BibInt 13 [2005] 1-12). Selon lui, seule une étude historico-critique peut éclairer ce point qui résiste à l'analyse narrative. Cependant, si on considère que les vv. 1-3 font partie de l'exposition du récit, si on pousse l'enquête narrative plus loin et si on s'interroge sur l'ellipse dans le dernier verset, une cohérence d'ensemble apparaît. De soi, un dénouement avorté n'est pas impossible pour un récit, surtout lorsque celui-ci est intégré à une trame épisodique. Ici, il est même compréhensible dans la dynamique du récit. Dès le début de son règne, Yoram se détourne partiellement de l'idolâtrie de ses parents (v. 2), ce que confirme plus loin sa disposition à consulter Élisée et son insistence lorsque celui-ci le rabroue (vv. 12-13). Mais il ne se détourne pas pour autant de l'apostasie de Jéroboam (v. 3) ; aussi ne réagit-il pas lorsque Israël décampe devant la colère du dieu de Moab suite à l'holocauste du premier-né de Mésha (vv. 25-27) au lieu d'exécuter jusqu'au bout la demande d'Élisée de détruire toutes les villes de Moab une fois la victoire donnée par Yhwh (vv. 18-19).
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Masetti-Rouault, Maria Grazia. "Colère et tremblement : les dieux de la Mésopotamie se révèlent aux hommes." Revue de l'histoire des religions 2 (2024): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11vdy.
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La tradition textuelle cunéiforme, qui se constitua dès le milieu du troisième millénaire avant notre ère, ne fournit que de rares attestations de tremblements de terre dans le monde syro-mésopotamien, bien qu’ils aient dû avoir lieu fréquemment. Ce sont plutôt des documents appartenant aux archives d’État de l’Empire néo-assyrien (viie siècle avant notre ère) qui mentionnent des séismes, considérés surtout comme des signes communiqués par les dieux et destinés au roi, objet de leur courroux, pour lui annoncer son destin et celui de l’État. Le roi pourra ainsi faire célébrer par les spécialistes les rites nécessaires pour éviter la crise.
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Saliou, Catherine. "Colères divines. Les séismes et l’histoire d’Antioche sur l’Oronte dans l’Antiquité." Revue de l'histoire des religions 2 (2024): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11vdx.
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Antioche sur l’Oronte a été frappée tout au long de son histoire par de nombreux séismes. Près d’une vingtaine sont attestés dans l’Antiquité. La première étape de la recherche est d’en établir la liste à partir d’une analyse critique des travaux existants. Il est difficile d’évaluer précisément leurs conséquences démographiques et matérielles réelles, même dans les quelques cas où les sources fournissent des indications chiffrées. En revanche, les textes mettent clairement en évidence l’importance de ces événements traumatiques dans la construction d’un discours historiographique sur la ville et dans la perception de son destin et de son identité, jusqu’à susciter un changement de nom, d’Antioche (la ville d’Antiochos, fondée sous la conduite de Zeus) en Théoupolis (la ville de Dieu).
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Assayag, Jackie. "Le crime était presque parfait. Meurtres, colère et désir des dieux dans un panthéon du Sud de l'Inde (Karnataka)1." Systèmes de pensée en Afrique noire, no. 14 (August 1, 1996): 145–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/span.1522.
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Almeida, Patricia Charvet, Paulo Marcelo de Oliveira Lins, and Maurício Pinto De Almeida. "DIET COMPOSITION OF THE WHIPTAIL STINGRAY Dasyatis colarensis SANTOS, GOMES & CHARVET- ALMEIDA, 2004 (CHONDRICHTHYES: DASYATIDAE) IN THE COLARES ISLAND REGION, PARÁ, BRAZIL." Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 41, no. 2 (November 1, 2008): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v41i2.6059.
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The diet of the Colares whiptail stingray, Dasyatis colarensis , was studied from 47 specimens caught off the Colares Island region, Pará (Brazil). The rays were collected in 2006 and stomach contents were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Stomach repletion and item digestion levels were observed. The percentage frequency of occurrence (%F.O.), percentage by number (%N) and by weight (%W), Index of Relative Importance (IRI) and respective percentage (%IRI) were calculated for each item group. The results indicated that most stomachs (87%) were ¼ filled with food content and that most food items (59%) were highly digested. Crustaceans were the predominant food item (%IRI = 58) and included species belonging to the Portunidae (crabs), Alpheidae, Penaeidae e Palaemonidae (shrimps) families. Teleosts had an intermediate level of importance (%IRI = 42) in the diet of this species and corresponded to gobiid (Perciformes) species. Annelids and molluscs were rare food items. The results evidenced that this species feeds mainly on crustaceans, but also on fish and occasionally on other food items. The diet ofD. colarensis was similar to other Dasyatidae species.
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Busuttil, Markus, Yu Pei Lin, Jean Christophe Gebelin, and Roger C. Reed. "Influence of Glass Coating Thickness on Interfacial Heat Transfer Coefficient during Forming of Nickel Based Superalloys." Materials Science Forum 750 (March 2013): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.750.104.
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The influence of glass coating thickness on the interfacial heat transfer coefficient has been examined using numerical modeling. Temperature and heat flux during working of a Inconel 718 work-piece and colder H13 dies have been simulated. The thickness of the glass coating is found to have a significant influence on the forming characteristic.
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Nero, RW, M. Cook, JL Reneker, Z. Wang, EA Schultz, and BA Stacy. "Decomposition of Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtle carcasses and its application to backtrack modeling of beach strandings." Endangered Species Research 47 (January 13, 2022): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01164.
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When a sea turtle dies, it typically sinks to the bottom, begins decomposing, and floats to the surface once sufficient internal gases have accumulated to produce positive buoyancy. This process is poorly characterized and is essential to understanding where and when sea turtles found on shore may have died. We conducted decomposition studies with detailed time-temperature histories using carcasses of cold-stunned sea turtles (22 Kemp’s ridleys Lepidochelys kempii and 15 green sea turtles Chelonia mydas) at temperatures of 14-32°C and depths of 2.2-9.5 m. We found strong depth/pressure-related effects; carcasses took longer to float when incubated at greater depths than shallower depths at similar temperatures. Furthermore, carcasses incubated at colder temperatures (~15°C) took 8 times longer to float than those at 32°C at the same depth. We applied accumulated degree hours (ADH; hourly sum of ambient temperatures a carcass experienced) to characterize environmental conditions associated with different stages of decomposition and key events, including buoyancy and sinking. A formula for temperature-correction of ADH was calculated to fit a non-linear increase in decomposition at higher temperatures. These data were then used to improve an existing backtracking model by incorporating water temperature, depth (pressure), bathymetry, and postmortem condition. Heat maps of the probable mortality locations from the model agreed well with carcass and effigy drift experiments, demonstrating the overall reliability of the enhanced model. Our method can be used to estimate at-sea locations where sea turtles found washed ashore in the northern Gulf of Mexico likely died and may help inform similar efforts in other regions.
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Cronk, Nadine Elizabeth, and Neville Pillay. "Flexible Use of Urban Resources by the Yellow Mongoose Cynictis penicillata." Animals 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2019): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070447.
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Several species are negatively impacted by urbanization, while others thrive in urban areas by exploiting anthropogenic habitats matching their pre-existing niche preferences, or by modifying their behavior for urban life. We studied the ecology of a recent urban resident, the yellow mongoose, in an urban ecological estate in South Africa. We assessed urban dwelling yellow mongooses’ diet, spatial and temporal occurrence, home range size, and whenever possible, compared our findings to the published literature on their non-urban conspecifics. Additionally, we evaluated occurrence overlap with residential gardens. Similar to their non-urban counterparts, scat analyses revealed that yellow mongooses in urban areas fed mainly on insects, particularly during spring/summer. In the colder months, anthropogenic items, small mammals and birds in scats increased. Camera trap surveys showed that the mongooses were common in open habitats, similar to previous studies, and exhibited a species-typical bimodal diurnal activity pattern. The occurrence of these mongooses was greater near human residences than at sites further away. Home range sizes were considerably smaller than those of non-urban mongoose. Mongoose occurred in residential gardens, more so during the colder months. The urban yellow mongooses’ diet, habitat preference and activity patterns were similar to non-urban conspecifics. Nonetheless, the exploitation of anthropogenic food sources, occurrence in residential gardens and smaller home range sizes showed that they respond flexibly to urbanization, and these modifications might aid in their success in urban areas.
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Andersen, Mikkel R., Theis Kragh, and Kaj Sand-Jensen. "Extreme diel dissolved oxygen and carbon cycles in shallow vegetated lakes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1862 (September 13, 2017): 20171427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1427.
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A common perception in limnology is that shallow lakes are homogeneously mixed owing to their small water volume. However, this perception is largely gained by downscaling knowledge from large lakes to their smaller counterparts. Here we show that shallow vegetated lakes (less than 0.6 m), in fact, undergo recurring daytime stratification and nocturnal mixing accompanied by extreme chemical variations during summer. Dense submerged vegetation effectively attenuates light and turbulence generating separation between warm surface waters and much colder bottom waters. Photosynthesis in surface waters produces oxygen accumulation and CO 2 depletion, whereas respiration in dark bottom waters causes anoxia and CO 2 accumulation. High daytime pH in surface waters promotes precipitation of CaCO 3 which is re-dissolved in bottom waters. Nocturnal convective mixing re-introduces oxygen into bottom waters for aerobic respiration and regenerated inorganic carbon into surface waters, which supports intense photosynthesis. Our results reconfigure the basic understanding of local environmental gradients in shallow lakes, one of the most abundant freshwater habitats globally.
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Schuster, Verónica, Marcia Mazzuca, Celeste Gurín, and Eduardo Moreno. "Ácidos grasos y esteroles en la cerámica arqueológica de los lagos Musters y Colhue Huapi (bajo Sarmiento, Provincia del Chubut)." Anuario de Arqueología 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/aa.v12i12.48.
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Este trabajo expone los primeros resultados de estudios de ácidos grasos absorbidos en cerámicas arqueológicas de sitios del bajo Sarmiento ubicado en el centro sur de la provincia del Chubut. Se presenta el análisis efectuado en diez muestras cerámicas procedentes de ocho localidades arqueológicas que fueron procesadas a partir del uso combinado de cromatografía gaseosa y espectrometría de masas. Los resultados se discuten teniendo en cuenta los recursos locales y potencialmente disponibles para el procesamiento y/o consumo en dicha tecnología. Además, se enfatiza en las ventajas y limitaciones metodológicas inherentes a la identificación y la determinación de las diversas especies y recursos a partir de muestras de cerámicas arqueológicas.
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Mohamed, Abdul-Razak. "Trophic Interactions between Two Cichlid Species in Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq." Biological and Applied Environmental Research 5, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51304/baer.2021.5.1.74.
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The diet composition and trophic relationships of the blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus and redbelly tilapia, Coptodon zillii were investigated in the Shatt Al-Arab river from November 2015 to October 2016. Fishes were collected by gill nets, cast net and electro-fishing. The index of relative importance (IRI%) of food items was determined by combining the frequency of occurrence and points methods. There were monthly variations in feeding activity and intensity of both species, which decreased in the colder months. Both species were classified as herbivores. The main food items of O. aureus were macrophytes (44.3%), algae (31.4%), diatoms (9.3%), aquatic insects (6.6%) and detritus (6.3%). The diet of C. zillii is composed mainly of macrophytes (60.8%), algae (23.0%), detritus (8.6%) and diatoms (6.4). The trophic niche breadth values varied between 0.217 for C. zillii and 0.360 for O. aureus. The results demonstrated a high degree of dietary overlap between O. aureus and C. zillii, as both species fed on the same food sources
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Avignon, S., E. Tastard, S. Weston, G. Duhamel, and F. Denis. "Morphological identification and DNA barcoding used for diet analysis of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in its expanding northerly range." Aquatic Living Resources 30 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr/2016034.
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The gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, is common in the Mediterranean Sea and along the Atlantic coasts of Portugal, Spain and France. Abundance of S. aurata has recently increased along the Brittany coast, showing good adaptation and acclimatisation to northern waters away from its original distribution range. The physiological adaptations (diet, reproduction, growth) of this fish to colder water could even lead to its colonisation of the English Channel. The ability to eat and digest hard prey makes this fish an important consumer of bivalves. The aim of this study was to make a preliminary evaluation of the diet of the gilthead seabream in its northern range of distribution. Prey items from stomach contents of wild adults from various sites along the East Atlantic coast of France to the English Channel were identified morphologically when it was possible, e.g. in presence of decapod appendices, shells of bivalves, or using DNA barcoding. Diet composition was analysed against sites, fish length and month of sampling using the frequency of occurrence (%F) and weight relative proportion (%W). Results showed that the diet of S. aurata was mainly composed of bivalves, malacostracans and gastropods with a huge dominance of Mytilus sp. (%F = 51.5 and %W = 40.2). This first diet analysis of individuals from the northern range of the species distribution showed its ability, as an opportunistic feeder, to find prey in newly colonised ecosystems and its preference for some organisms, especially mussels.
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Cronk, Nadine, and Neville Pillay. "Dietary overlap of two sympatric African mongoose species in an urban environment." Mammalia 83, no. 5 (August 27, 2019): 428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2018-0113.
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Abstract Urbanisation creates challenges and opportunities for wildlife. Globally, small carnivores have colonised urban spaces, but we do not know whether or how sympatric carnivores partition resources in order to co-exist. We studied the diet and degree of dietary overlap of two sympatric herpestid mongooses – yellow, Cynictis penicillata, and slender, Galerella sanguinea mongoose – in a small urban nature area in South Africa. The composition of 2600 yellow and 2000 slender mongoose scats was sampled over a year in an Eco-Estate, where wildlife have contact with humans, and a Nature Estate, where contact is reduced. We analysed the frequency of occurrence of invertebrates, mammals, birds, plants and anthropogenic items in scats. Invertebrates and mammals were most abundant for both species in the Nature Estate and for slender mongoose in the Eco-Estate, while anthropogenic items were more prevalent in yellow mongoose scats in the Eco-Estate. Both species included anthropogenic items in their diet in the Eco-Estate only. Scat components varied seasonally. In summer, invertebrates were more abundant in scats of both species, yet during the colder months, invertebrates decreased and vertebrates (more so in the slender mongoose) and anthropogenic items (more so in the yellow mongoose) increased. Dietary overlap was greatest in summer and lowest in winter. Nonetheless, the specialised slender mongoose diet and a generalist yellow mongoose diet potentially facilitates their co-existence.
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Mulder, Ingeborg M., Corey J. Morris, J. Brian Dempson, Ian A. Fleming, and Michael Power. "Marine temperature and depth use by anadromous Arctic char correlates to body size and diel period." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 5 (May 2020): 882–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0097.
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Acoustic and archival telemetry were used to study the marine movements of 115 anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) at two sites in southern Labrador, Canada, in relation to daily variation in temperature and depth use, body size, and their effects on marine activity patterns. Although evidence varied between locations, Arctic char generally utilized ambient water temperatures available in the upper water column, possibly in aid of physiological processes such as digestion, whereas deeper waters were suggested to be used for feeding purposes. Size-dependent thermal preferences were evident, with larger individuals utilizing cooler water temperatures (8.5 °C) compared with smaller individuals (9.5 °C), a pattern suggestive of ontogenetic changes in thermal habitat use for the purposes of growth maximization. Diurnal patterns of diving activity were interpreted to reflect the vertical migration of prey items and (or) the visual capabilities of Arctic char. Dive duration was dependent on body size and external body temperature with smaller individuals performing shorter dives in colder water temperatures (<1 min at 5 °C) than larger fish (∼2 min at 5 °C), likely to maintain their core temperature and abilities to both effectively capture prey and avoid predation.
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de Groot, Tim René, Anne Margriet Mol, Katherine Mesdag, Pierre Ramond, Rachel Ndhlovu, Julia Catherine Engelmann, Thomas Röckmann, and Helge Niemann. "Diel and seasonal methane dynamics in the shallow and turbulent Wadden Sea." Biogeosciences 20, no. 18 (September 25, 2023): 3857–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3857-2023.
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Abstract. The Wadden Sea is a coastal system along the fringe of the land–sea borders of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. The Wadden Sea is extremely productive and influenced by strong variations in physical and biological forcing factors that act on timescales of hours to seasons. Productive coastal seas are known to dominate the ocean's methane emission to the atmosphere, but knowledge of controls and temporal variations in methane dynamics in these vastly dynamic systems is scarce. Here we address this knowledge gap by measuring methane inventories and methanotrophic activity at a temporal resolution of 1 h over a period of 2 d, repeatedly during four successive seasons in the central Dutch Wadden Sea. We found that methane dynamics varied between colder and warmer seasons, with generally higher water column methane concentrations and methanotrophic activity in the warmer seasons. The efflux of methane to the atmosphere was, on the other hand, lower in the warmer seasons because of lower wind speeds. On a diel scale, tides controlled methanotrophic activity, which increased ∼40 % at low tide compared to high tide. We estimate that methane oxidizing bacteria reduce the methane budget of the Dutch Wadden Sea by only 2 %, while ∼1/3 escapes to the atmosphere and ∼2/3 are flushed out into the open North Sea at ebb tide. Our findings indicate that tides play a key role in controlling methane dynamics and methanotrophic activity and highlight the importance of high-resolution and repeated sampling strategies to resolve methane dynamics in fast-changing coastal systems.
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Duque-Correa, María J., Daryl Codron, Carlo Meloro, Amanda McGrosky, Christian Schiffmann, Mark S. Edwards, and Marcus Clauss. "Mammalian intestinal allometry, phylogeny, trophic level and climate." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1944 (February 10, 2021): 20202888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2888.
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An often-stated ecomorphological assumption that has the status of ‘textbook knowledge’ is that the dimensions of the digestive tract correlate with diet, where herbivores—consuming diets of lower digestibility—have longer intestinal tracts than faunivores—consuming diets of higher digestibility. However, statistical approaches have so far failed to demonstrate this link. Here, we collated data on the length of intestinal sections and body mass of 519 mammal species, and test for various relationships with trophic, climatic and other biological characteristics. All models showed a strong phylogenetic signal. Scaling relationships with body mass showed positive allometry at exponents greater than 0.33, except for the caecum, which is particularly large in smaller species. Body mass was more tightly linked to small intestine than to large intestine length. Adding a diet proxy to the relationships increased model fit for all intestinal sections, except for the small intestine when accounting for phylogeny. Thus, the diet has a main effect on the components of the large intestine, with longer measures in herbivores. Additionally, measures of habitat aridity had a positive relationship with large intestine length. The small intestine was longer in species from colder habitats at higher latitudes, possibly facilitating the processing of peak intake rates during the growing season. This study corroborates intuitive expectations on digestive tract anatomy, while the dependence of significant results on large sample sizes and inclusion of specific taxonomic groups indicates that the relationships cannot be considered fixed biological laws.
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Brodin, Anders. "The role of naturally stored food supplies in the winter diet of the boreal Willow Tit Parus montanus." Ornis Svecica 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v4.23030.
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The average amount of food that was stored during an autumn by Willow Tits Porus montanus was estimated by sampling hoarding intensities and analysing the energetic contents of the stored items. Measurements of retrieval and losses of the stored food made it possible to calculate how much of the stored food that actually was used by the hoarder. Also the chemical composition of the stored food was analysed, and a comparison of the energy contents of the food eaten with the energy requirements of the birds made it possible to assess the importance of hoarded food in the winter diet. According to the calculations, hoarded food can be assumed to account for almost all food that was consumed during December, whereas it was estimated to constitute around 24% of the food eaten from January to March. During colder winters, with higher energetical stress, it is possible that stored supplies could be more important during this part of the winter, perhaps of the magnitude of 45% of the total food consumed.
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Zielke, Luisa, Nicole Wrage-Mönnig, Jürgen Müller, and and Carsten Neumann. "Implications of Spatial Habitat Diversity on Diet Selection of European Bison and Przewalski´s Horses in a Rewilding Area." Diversity 11, no. 4 (April 18, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11040063.
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In Europe, the interest in introducing megaherbivores to achieve ambitious habitat restoration goals is increasing. In this study, we present the results of a one-year monitoring program in a rewilding project in Germany (Doeberitzer Heide), where European bison (Bison bonasus) and Przewalski´s horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) were introduced for ecological restoration purposes. Our objectives were to investigate diet and habitat preferences of Przewalski´s horses and European bison under free-choice conditions without fodder supplementation. In a random forest classification approach, we used multitemporal RapidEye time series imagery to map the diversity of available habitats within the study area. This spatially explicit habitat distribution from satellite imagery was combined with direct field observations of seasonal diet preferences of both species. In line with the availability of preferred forage plants, European bison and Przewalski´s horses both showed seasonal habitat preferences. Because of their different preferences for forage plants, they did not overlap in habitat use except for a short time in the colder season. European bison used open habitats and especially wet open habitats more than expected based on available habitats in the study area. Comparative foraging and feeding niches should be considered in the establishment of multispecies projects to maximize the outcome of restoration processes.
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Houser, Jeffrey N. "Water color affects the stratification, surface temperature, heat content, and mean epilimnetic irradiance of small lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-131.
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The effects of water color on lake stratification, mean epilimnetic irradiance, and lake temperature dynamics were examined in small, north-temperate lakes that differed widely in water color (1.5–19.8 m–1). Among these lakes, colored lakes differed from clear lakes in the following ways: (i) the epilimnia were shallower and colder, and mean epilimnetic irradiance was reduced; (ii) the diel temperature cycles were more pronounced; (iii) whole-lake heat accumulation during stratification was reduced. The depth of the epilimnion ranged from 2.5 m in the clearest lake to 0.75 m in the most colored lake, and 91% of the variation in epilimnetic depth was explained by water color. Summer mean morning epilimnetic temperature was ~2 °C cooler in the most colored lake compared with the clearest lake. In clear lakes, the diel temperature range (1.4 ± 0.7 °C) was significantly (p = 0.01) less than that in the most colored lake (2.1 ± 1.0 °C). Change in whole-lake heat content was negatively correlated with water color. Increasing water color decreased light penetration more than thermocline depth, leading to reduced mean epilimnetic irradiance in the colored lakes. Thus, in these small lakes, water color significantly affected temperature, thermocline depth, and light climate.
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Pelletier, Paula, Karine Gauthier, Olga Sideleva, Jacques Samarut, and J. Enrique Silva. "Mice Lacking the Thyroid Hormone Receptor-α Gene Spend More Energy in Thermogenesis, Burn More Fat, and Are Less Sensitive to High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity." Endocrinology 149, no. 12 (August 21, 2008): 6471–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0718.
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Unable to activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, αT3-receptor-deficient mice (Thra-0/0) are cold intolerant. Our objective was to investigate the impact on energy economy and mechanisms of the alternate facultative thermogenesis developed. Energy expenditure (oxygen and food consumption) is elevated in Thra-0/0 mice reared at room temperature. Such difference disappears at thermoneutrality (30 C) and expands as ambient temperature becomes colder (P < 0.001). Despite eating more, Thra-0/0 are leaner than wild-type (WT) mice (P < 0.01), whereas these, whether on chow or high-fat diet, gained more weight (g/d: 0.12 ± 0.002 vs. 0.08 ± 0.002 and 0.25 ± 0.005 vs. 0.17 ± 0.005, respectively) and adiposity than Thra-0/0 mice (P < 0.001). The respiratory quotient was lower in Thra-0/0 than WT mice (P < 0.001), after feeding or fasted, on chow or high-fat diet, indicating a preference for fat as fuel, which was associated with increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression in skeletal muscle of Thra-0/0 mice but with no differences in gene expression in white adipose tissue. Type-2 deiodinase (D2) was increased in BAT and aerobic muscle of Thra-0/0 mice. This and liver D1 were increased by a high-fat diet in both genotypes, as also were serum T3 and T3/T4 ratio, but more in Thra-0/0 than WT mice (P < 0.001). Remarkably, when studied at thermoneutrality, genotype differences in weight and adiposity gain, respiratory quotient, D2, and LPL disappeared. Thus, disruption of BAT thermogenesis in Thra-0/0 mice activates an alternate facultative thermogenesis that is more energy demanding and associated with reduced fuel efficiency, leanness, increased capacity to oxidize fat, and relative resistance to diet-induced obesity, in all of which muscle LPL and deiodinases play a key role.
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Park, Joo Myun, Seok Nam Kwak, and Ralf Riedel. "Crustacean Decapod Assemblage Associated with Seagrass (Zostera marina) Beds in Southern Waters of Korea." Diversity 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12030089.
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Decapod assemblages in Zostera marina beds from two bays adjacent to unvegetated habitats were investigated to assess their influence on decapod assemblages. Thirty-eight decapod species belonging to four taxa were collected using a small beam trawl at four habitat types from two different locations off the coast of Namhae Island, South Korea. Dominant decapod taxon at all habitats was the caridean shrimps, with Eualus leptognathus, Heptacarpus pandaloides, Latreutes anoplonyx, La. Laminirostris, and Palaemon macrodactylus being the most abundant caridean species. Crabs were characterized with the highest biomass, but with moderate species richness and abundance. Penaeoid and sergestoid shrimps only accounted for <1% of the total decapod abundance. The number of species and their abundance of decapod assemblages varied greatly by habitat type, season, and diel patterns, but not diversity. Species number and abundance peaked in seagrass beds of southern exposed bays during the autumn and were lowest in unvegetated habitats during the summer months. Diel decapod catch rates were higher at night. Dense seagrass vegetation and nighttime supported higher decapod mean densities, but not species richness and diversity. Multivariate analyses revealed that habitat type and season significantly affected the structure of decapod assemblages, but diel patterns had a minor influence. Among decapod species, Pa. macrodactylus and Pugettia quadridens characterized the decapod assemblages in seagrass beds at the northern semi-closed bay, while Telmessus acutidens, Crangon affinis, Cr. hakodatei, Charybdis (Charybdis) japonica, and Portunus sanguinolentus were significantly associated with both vegetated and unvegetated habitats at the southern exposed bay, with the former two species more abundant during the colder season.
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Yabi, Ibouraima, Mahamoud N'tcha Tchanati, and Akindélé Akibou. "Perceptions communautaires du couple sécheresse/déboisement dans le sous-bassin versant de Koumagou à Boukoumbé (Nord-Ouest Bénin)." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 384 (November 16, 2021): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-295-2021.
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Abstract. Au-delà des analyses climatologiques et statistiques, la présente communication s'intéresse aux connaissances communautaires relatives au couple sécheresse-déboisement qui sont les principaux moteurs de la dynamique environnementale dans le sous bassin versant de Koumagou au Nord-Ouest du Bénin. Sur la base des investigations auprès d'un échantillon de 180 personnes, les perceptions communautaires relatives aux manifestations, causes et conséquences des deux fléaux sans oublier les mesures d'adaptation, sont analysées. Des paramètres de la statistique descriptive ont été utilisés pour le traitement des données. La sécheresse est causée par le déboisement massif et la colère des dieux alors que l'agriculture et l'exploitation forestière sont perçues comme la cause du déboisement. Les ressources en eau, les ressources végétales et les sols sont les plus affectés selon les répondants avec des conséquences socioéconomiques. Les mesures d'adaptation concernent l'ajustement des pratiques culturales, le reboisement, la création des aires protégées communautaires, la mobilisation des eaux souterraines. Abstract. Beyond climatological and statistical analyzes, this communication focuses on community knowledge relating to the combination of drought and deforestation, which are the main drivers of environmental dynamics in the Koumagou sub-watershed in north-west Benin. Based on investigations of a sample of 180 people, community perceptions relating to the manifestations, causes and consequences of the two scourges, not to mention adaptation measures, are analyzed. Descriptive statistics parameters were used for data processing. Drought is caused by massive deforestation and the wrath of the gods while agriculture and forestry are seen as the cause of deforestation. Water resources, plant resources and soils are the most affected according to the respondents with socio-economic consequences. The adaptation measures concern the adjustment of cultural practices, reforestation, the creation of community protected areas, the mobilization of groundwater.
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Yurkowski, David J., Nigel E. Hussey, Steven H. Ferguson, and Aaron T. Fisk. "A temporal shift in trophic diversity among a predator assemblage in a warming Arctic." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 10 (October 2018): 180259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180259.
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Climate change is leading to northward shifts in species distributions that is altering interspecific interactions at low- and mid-trophic levels. However, little attention has been focused on the effects of redistributions of species on the trophic ecology of a high trophic-level predator assemblage. Here, during a 22-year period (1990–2012) of increasing sea temperature (1.0°C) and decreasing sea ice extent (12%) in Cumberland Sound, Nunavut, Canada, we examined the trophic structure of a near-apex predator assemblage before (1990–2002) and after (2005–2012) an increase in the availability of capelin—generally an indicator species in colder marine environments for a warming climate. Stable isotopes (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) were used in a Bayesian framework to assess shifts in diet, niche size and community-wide metrics for beluga whales ( Delphinapterus leucas ), ringed seals ( Pusa hispida ), Greenland halibut ( Reinhardtius hippoglossoides ) and anadromous Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus ). After 2005, consumption of forage fish increased for all predator species, suggesting diet flexibility with changing abiotic and biotic conditions. An associated temporal shift from a trophically diverse to a trophically redundant predator assemblage occurred where predators now play similar trophic roles by consuming prey primarily from the pelagic energy pathway. Overall, these long-term ecological changes signify that trophic shifts of a high trophic-level predator assemblage associated with climate change have occurred in the Arctic food web.
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Hetrick, B. A. Daniels, D. Gerschefske Kitt, and G. Thompson Wilson. "Mycorrhizal dependence and growth habit of warm-season and cool-season tallgrass prairie plants." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 1376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-193.
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Warm-season (C4) and cool-season (C3) mycorrhizal grasses were 63–215 and 0.12–4.1 times larger in dry weight than non-inoculated controls, respectively. Nonmycorrhizal warm-season plants did not grow and frequently died, while cool-season plants grew moderately well in the absence of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Like warm-season grasses, tallgrass prairie forbs were highly dependent on mycorrhizal symbiosis, even though they are not known to employ the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Thus, phenology may be more critical than photosynthetic pathway in determining mycorrhizal dependence. Warm-season grasses and forbs had coarser, less frequently branched root systems than cool-season grasses, supporting the hypothesis that mycorrhizal dependence is related to root morphology. Cool-season grasses may have developed more fibrous root systems because mycorrhizal nutrient uptake was not effective in the colder temperate environment in which they evolved. In contrast, warm-season plants and dependence on mycorrhizal fungi may have coevolved, because both symbionts are of tropical origin.
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Obuch, Ján. "Spatial and temporal diversity of the diet of the tawny owl (Strix aluco)." Slovak Raptor Journal 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10262-012-0057-8.
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Spatial and temporal diversity of the diet of the tawny owl (Strix aluco) The author compared diet of eight owl species in Slovakia, out of which four species prey in the non-forest environment (Bubo bubo, Tyto alba, Asio otus and Athene noctua), while the other four species prey mostly in the forest (Glaucidium passerinum, Aegolius funereus, Strix uralensis and Strix aluco). Tawny owl (Strix aluco) has shown the highest degree of adaptability when it comes to various types of environment and broad diversity of prey. Appendix 1 presents material of total 225,441 pieces of diet, which contains 69 species of mammals and at least 147 species of birds. While B. bubo diet is typical especially for high presence of bigger prey species within mammals and birds (66 diagnostic taxa), diet of S. aluco is characterized by as many as 89 taxa with higher share than the average of all eight compared owls (taxa with values 1+ and 2+ in blocks as marked by full line). Based on the analysis of 68,070 pieces of S. aluco diet collected in Slovakia, it is possible to differentiate seven basic diet types: A - from lower mountains, B - from middle montane locations, C - from colder and more humid parts of mountains, D - characterized by high share of bats (Chiroptera), E - characterized by high share of slugs (Limacidae), F - from floodplain forests, and finally G - from environment strongly influenced by humans. Diagnostic species for one or several diet types are characterized by markedly higher share than Slovak average. By the large amount of analyzed samples of S. aluco diet it is possible to gain the knowledge about structure of several animal groups from relatively little disrupted forest ecosystems and those from environment to some degree influenced by humans. Diet types represent simplified models, which are understood in a different sense than plant communities. Individual disposition for specific food preference (e. g. Chiroptera) also plays an important role by some tawny owl's specimens. Some types of prey can be further divided into undertypes (e. g. undertypes G1 and G2 in Table 1). Diet of S. aluco has been examined more in detail and over a longer period of time especially in following national parks: Slovenský kras, Muránska planina and Veľká Fatra Mts. Samples from other parts of Slovakia are also presented here according to their relevance to particular diet types. Pellets of S. aluco were collected over a longer period of time (up to 30 years) in several sites and it is chronological periodicity in presentence of diagnostic species, which stands in focus. Long-term changes in S. aluco diet during Holocene were examined in two parts of Veľká Fatra Mts, which are influenced by climatic changes as well as human activity (deforestation and pasture). The author has occasionally collected pellets of S. aluco in several mountains of Europe between Western Alps and Caucasus and from northern border in S. aluco areal, from Trondheim area in Norway. Furthermore, the author presents hereby his own material from pellets of S. aluco from the Middle East to Himalaya (in particular countries of Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iran, Kyrgyzstan and Nepal).
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Harington, C. R., R. LM Ross, R. W. Mathewes, K. M. Stewart, and O. Beattie. "A late Pleistocene Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) from Courtenay, British Columbia: its death, associated biota, and paleoenvironment." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 1285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e04-061.
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A partial juvenile Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) skeleton from nearshore marine sands at Courtenay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia has been radiocarbon dated to 12 570 ± 70 BP. This date is supported by both stratigraphic and regional sea-level emergence data and is similar to radiocarbon dates on a Steller sea lion humerus from Bowen Island, just north of Vancouver. The juvenile apparently died from a blow to the braincase, most likely caused by a Steller sea lion bull. The Courtenay specimen is significant since very few Pleistocene otariid fossils are complete enough to be assigned to modern taxa. Associated mollusk remains indicate that the marine paleoclimate of the fossil locality was considerably colder than now — close to that along the northern reaches of Cook Inlet and Prince William Sound, Alaska. Pollen and plant macrofossils collected from the Courtenay site clearly demonstrate the presence of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests nearby during this early late-glacial interval. Fish remains (mainly Pacific cod and walleye pollock, with some salmon) from this site probably reflect selection by adult sea lions at a rookery.
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Wandersee, Nancy J., Madelyn S. Hanson, Jamie L. Maciaszek, Michael C. Larson, Katie M. Giger, Suilan Zheng, Dawn M. Retherford, et al. "Dietary Supplementation with Docosahexanoic Acid (DHA) Improves RBC Flexibility and Reduces Cold Hypersensitivity in Mice with Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2116.2116.
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Abstract Abstract 2116 Humans and mice with sickle cell disease (SCD) have RBC stiffness, multiorgan and vascular pathology, and complex pain syndromes. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexanoic acid (DHA), are essential fatty acids that have anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities. As dietary supplements, omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial in many cardiovascular diseases. Several studies demonstrate that dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids results in increased incorporation of these fatty acids into the RBC membrane, which can influence RBC deformability. In this study, SCD mice were fed natural ingredient rodent diets supplemented with 3% DHA (DHA diet) or a control matched in total fat with a similar distribution of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (CTRL diet). After 8 weeks of feeding, we examined the RBCs for: 1) deformability, as measured by ektacytometry; 2) stiffness, as measured by atomic force microscopy; 3) osmotic fragility, using a flow cytometric method; and 4) percent irreversibly sickled RBCs on peripheral blood smears. Consistent with other studies, RBCs from SCD mice fed Control diet exhibit low deformability by ektacytometry as compared to RBCs from wild-type mice (0.075 Max EI, SCD mice Control Diet, versus 0.285 Max EI, wild-type mice). Correspondingly, RBC stiffness, as measured by atomic force microscopy, is increased in SCD mice fed Control diet as compared to wild-type mice (1911 Pa, SCD mice Control Diet, versus 831 Pa, wild-type mice). In contrast, RBCs from SCD mice fed DHA diet had improved deformability (0.135 Max EI) compared to RBCs from SCD mice fed Control diet (p<0.02). Furthermore, RBCs from DHA diet-fed SCD mice had markedly decreased stiffness (798 Pa) to nearly normal levels compared to RBCs from Control diet-fed SCD mice (p<0.0001). In addition, RBCs from SCD mice fed DHA diet had decreased osmotic fragility as compared to RBCs from SCD mice fed Control diet (p<0.001). Examination of peripheral blood smears also revealed less irreversibly sickled RBCs in SCD mice fed DHA diet as compared to Control Diet (2.5% versus 4.1%, p<0.04). These results suggest that DHA supplementation has modified RBC membrane properties of SCD mice. Individuals with SCD as well as murine models of SCD display increased sensitivity to pain. Stiffened RBCs are thought to contribute to pain in SCD by stimulating vasoocclusive events. Importantly, a small-scale human SCD trial indicated that dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids reduced pain episodes by almost 50% (Tomer, et al, 2001). Therefore, we measured sensitivity of SCD mice to mechanical and cold stimuli both prior to dietary feeding and after 8 weeks of feeding on Control or DHA diet. Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed using von Frey filaments, with the paw withdrawal threshold assessed using the up-down method of Dixon (1980). Mechanical hypersensitivity thresholds are reduced in SCD mice (Hillery, et al, 2011), and were not altered by either the Control or DHA diet. Cold hypersensitivity was assessed using a 2-temperature choice assay and measuring the amount of time spent on the colder plate (23°C) versus the warmer plate (30°C). Similar to our previous findings, SCD mice exhibit hypersensitivity to cold. There was no change in pre- versus post-diet cold hypersensitivity in SCD mice fed Control diet. In contrast, post-diet cold hypersensitivity was improved compared to pre-diet cold hypersensitivity in SCD mice fed DHA diet (p<0.007). In summary, our findings indicate that DHA supplementation improves RBC flexibility, decreases osmotic fragility and irreversibly sickled cells, and reduces cold hypersensitivity in a murine model of SCD. The reduction in cold hypersensitivity may reflect the increased flexibility of the RBCs, making them less likely to cause vasoocclusive events that can activate inflammatory pain mechanisms. Additionally, resolvins D1 and D2, anti-inflammatory lipid mediators derived from DHA, inhibit the activity of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels, which contribute importantly to inflammatory pain sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli. Disclosures: Mickelson: Harlan Laboratories, Inc.: Employment. Stucky:Purdue Pharma: Research Funding. Hillery:Purdue Pharma: Research Funding; Bayer Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.
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Schallenberg, Christina, Robert F. Strzepek, Nina Schuback, Lesley A. Clementson, Philip W. Boyd, and Thomas W. Trull. "Diel quenching of Southern Ocean phytoplankton fluorescence is related to iron limitation." Biogeosciences 17, no. 3 (February 17, 2020): 793–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-793-2020.
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Abstract. Evaluation of photosynthetic competency in time and space is critical for better estimates and models of oceanic primary productivity. This is especially true for areas where the lack of iron (Fe) limits phytoplankton productivity, such as the Southern Ocean. Assessment of photosynthetic competency on large scales remains challenging, but phytoplankton chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) is a signal that holds promise in this respect as it is affected by, and consequently provides information about, the photosynthetic efficiency of the organism. A second process affecting the ChlF signal is heat dissipation of absorbed light energy, referred to as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). NPQ is triggered when excess energy is absorbed, i.e. when more light is absorbed than can be used directly for photosynthetic carbon fixation. The effect of NPQ on the ChlF signal complicates its interpretation in terms of photosynthetic efficiency, and therefore most approaches relating ChlF parameters to photosynthetic efficiency seek to minimize the influence of NPQ by working under conditions of sub-saturating irradiance. Here, we propose that NPQ itself holds potential as an easily acquired optical signal indicative of phytoplankton physiological state with respect to Fe limitation. We present data from a research voyage to the Subantarctic Zone south of Australia. Incubation experiments confirmed that resident phytoplankton were Fe-limited, as the maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry, Fv∕Fm, measured with a fast repetition rate fluorometer (FRRf), increased significantly with Fe addition. The NPQ “capacity” of the phytoplankton also showed sensitivity to Fe addition, decreasing with increased Fe availability, confirming previous work. The fortuitous presence of a remnant warm-core eddy in the vicinity of the study area allowed comparison of fluorescence behaviour between two distinct water masses, with the colder water showing significantly lower Fv∕Fm than the warmer eddy waters, suggesting a difference in Fe limitation status between the two water masses. Again, NPQ capacity measured with the FRRf mirrored the behaviour observed in Fv∕Fm, decreasing as Fv∕Fm increased in the warmer water mass. We also analysed the diel quenching of underway fluorescence measured with a standard fluorometer, such as is frequently used to monitor ambient chlorophyll a concentrations, and found a significant difference in behaviour between the two water masses. This difference was quantified by defining an NPQ parameter akin to the Stern–Volmer parameterization of NPQ, exploiting the fluorescence quenching induced by diel fluctuations in incident irradiance. We propose that monitoring of this novel NPQ parameter may enable assessment of phytoplankton physiological status (related to Fe availability) based on measurements made with standard fluorometers, as ubiquitously used on moorings, ships, floats and gliders.
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Djonovic, Nela, Dragan Vasiljevic, Milos Stepovic, Dragan Milojevic, Vladimir Gajic, Dalibor Stajic, and Marija Sekulic. "Effects of meteorological conditions on mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 148, no. 7-8 (2020): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh190509131d.
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Introduction/Objective. Previous studies have confirmed the effect of different meteorological parameters on patients suffering from lung diseases. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of meteorological phases on the death rate from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods. The data on the number of deaths caused by COPD and meteorological phases during a five-year period (2011?2015) in Sumadija District (Central Serbia) were obtained from the Republic Hydrometeorological Service and the Center for Biostatistics and Informatics of the Kragujevac Institute of Public Health. Results. A statistically significant correlation was determined between certain meteorological phases and COPD death rate. The highest death rate was determined during colder months, February and March. The lowest death rate was detected during the warm months (June?September). Although men died more often from COPD than women, the death rate of women showed a considerable increase during the five-year period. Conclusion. COPD death rate is highly dependent on the season of the year and might be associated with certain meteorological phases. There is a need for further research of the impact of meteorological phases on the morbidity and mortality from COPD.
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Obuch, Ján. "Temporal changes in proportions of small mammals in the diet of the mammalian and avian predators in Slovakia." Lynx new series 52, no. 1 (2022): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/lynx.2021.007.
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The paper presents a brief account of the temporal changes found in proportions of the mammal components in the diets of several species of predators (owls and carnivores) collected from various sites in Slovakia and originating in various periods (Late Pleistocene–Recent). The material collected from the Šarkanica Cave (Muráňska planina Mts.) contained bones in three layers, dated using the radiocarbon analysis (14C) to 18,000–21,000 years BP (18–21 Ka), showing relatively small differences in composition of the fossil diet of Bubo scandiacus with predominance of Lasiopodomys gregalis (73.3%) and Chionomys nivalis (6.9%). A similar type of material from the Nový 3 Cave (Belianske Tatry Mts.), dated to the period of 30 Ka, contained more numerous remnants of Lemmus cf. lemmus and Sorex tundrensis. Undated samples from the Nový 1 Cave and from the Šarkania diera Cave (Súľovské skaly Mts.), which differ in their higher abundance of Dicrostonyx cf. gulielmi, are probably dated from the colder period of the last glacial maximum. Three samples from caves in the Veľká Fatra Mts. dated from the Late Pleistocene (Upper Dryas) originated from carnivores, with differences in relative proportions of predominant prey species: Chionomys nivalis (80.0%) and Lasiopodomys gregalis (14.3%), while remains of Cricetus cricetus (0.6%) also appear there. Two examples of differences in the diet composition of Strix aluco in the Veľká Fatra Mts. are present in samples dated to the Holocene period: natural development of forest fauna in the environs of Dolný Harmanec and anthropogenic influence in the form of three deforestation periods in the Tlstá massif near Blatnica (both Veľká Fatra Mts.). A sample set of the diet of Tyto alba dated >500 years BP from a church in Žilina is compared with a recent sample set of this owl diet from the Turčianska kotlina Basin and from the Danubian Lowland (Tekovské Lužany). The main difference lies in the greater proportion of the murid rodents and the relatively lower abundance of Microtus arvalis in the sample from the 16th century. Similar results were found comparing samples of Tyto alba diet, taken from a cave near Hatiny (Slovenský kras Mts.) and expected to be 100 years old, with more recent samples from the Košická kotlina Basin. The collection from the Hatiny Cave differs from the recent material in the presence of Sicista trizona and Alexandromys oeconomus. The recent samples of the diet of Bubo bubo taken from the Horné Považie Basin differ from the samples dated back more than 70 years ago by a high proportion of the genus Apodemus and a predominant incidence of frogs, while the old samples come from the period of the communist influence of the agricultural production causing serious environmental changes in the countryside (1950s) and as a result, a greater volume of large prey species, Rattus norvegicus, Arvicola amphibius, Lepus europaeus, and Erinaceus roumanicus. Since 1990, the availability of large prey for Bubo bubo has decreased due to the decline of livestock farming and a consequent successional overgrowing of pasture land by trees.
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Bergmann, Sven M., Angela M. Lusiastuti, Weiwei Zeng, Yingying Wang, Qing Wang, Yingying Li, Matthias Lenk, Fermin Georgio Lorenzen-Schmidt, Jean-Christophe Avarre, and Jeeyoun Hwang. "Global warming and viral diseases – Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) in tilapia, common carp, crucian carp, and rainbow trout - first results —." E3S Web of Conferences 322 (2021): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132202013.
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Recently, a global increase in temperature has been considered with a temperature rise. Therefore, new species and diseases are getting domestic in Europe. Particularly, tilapia is kept in "colder" areas like in European waters in indoor facilities. It was examined if the tilapia lake virus (TiLV) can infect native European fish. Common carp, crucian carp, and rainbow trout were chosen to be with infected tilapia. While tilapia were infected, the other species were always cohabitated. After keeping all species together, samples were collected. Tilapia and crucian carp at 20 °C as well as rainbow trout at 12°C, showed mortality. Besides necrosis, infiltrations and syncytia were observed. TiLV was detected by in-situ hybridization in all species. Sera were used for SNT to prove the replication. While tilapia developed neutralizing antibodies after 14 to 21 dpi, carp and rainbow trout started after 12 dpi. The highest neutralizing activities we found in sera from crucian carp. All fish (tilapia, crucian carp, and rainbow trout) that died during the experiment were inspected for the presence of TiLV by RT-qPCR, histology, and ISH. Due to the experience that clinically infected fish showing severe symptoms are not producing antibodies, serology was not carried out.
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Buhler, Kayla, Émilie Bouchard, Stacey Elmore, Gustaf Samelius, Jessica Jackson, Matilde Tomaselli, Heather Fenton, Ray Alisauskas, and Emily Jenkins. "Tularemia above the Treeline: Climate and Rodent Abundance Influences Exposure of a Sentinel Species, the Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus), to Francisella tularensis." Pathogens 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010028.
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Tularemia is a zoonotic disease found throughout most of the northern hemisphere that may experience range expansion with warming temperatures. Rodents and lagomorphs are reservoirs for the disease, and outbreaks of tularemia often follow peaks in their abundance. As small mammals dominate the diet of arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus), we determined whether they may serve as sentinels by identifying antibodies in live-captured and harvested foxes from northern Canada. Overall seroprevalence was 2% (CI95 1–2%) in 176 foxes harvested in 2018–2019 compared to 17% (CI95 12–22%) of 230 foxes captured live in 2011–2021. Prevalence was at an all-time high in 2018, following a peak in vole abundance in 2017. Antibodies were identified in fox pups born in 2018 and 2019, suggesting that F. tularensis was actively transmitted during the summers. High precipitation during the summer, increased snow cover and colder temperatures in May, and a higher abundance of voles were all associated with increased seroprevalence in live-captured foxes. Thus, exposure to F. tularensis is largely mediated through climate and rodent populations in the Canadian Arctic, and arctic foxes are useful sentinels for F. tularensis in northern ecosystems. Further studies should investigate whether infection impacts arctic fox survival and reproductive success in the circumpolar North.
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Krogh, Sebastian A., Lucia Scaff, James W. Kirchner, Beatrice Gordon, Gary Sterle, and Adrian Harpold. "Diel streamflow cycles suggest more sensitive snowmelt-driven streamflow to climate change than land surface modeling does." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 3393–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3393-2022.
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Abstract. Climate warming will cause mountain snowpacks to melt earlier, reducing summer streamflow and threatening water supplies and ecosystems. Quantifying how sensitive streamflow timing is to climate change and where it is most sensitive remain key questions. Physically based hydrological models are often used for this purpose; however, they have embedded assumptions that translate into uncertain hydrological projections that need to be quantified and constrained to provide reliable inferences. The purpose of this study is to evaluate differences in projected end-of-century changes to streamflow timing between a new empirical model based on diel (daily) streamflow cycles and regional land surface simulations across the mountainous western USA. We develop an observational technique for detecting streamflow responses to snowmelt using diel cycles of incoming solar radiation and streamflow to detect when snowmelt occurs. We measure the date of the 20th percentile of snowmelt days (DOS20) across 31 western USA watersheds affected by snow, as a proxy for the beginning of snowmelt-initiated streamflow. Historic DOS20 varies from mid-January to late May among our sites, with warmer basins having earlier snowmelt-mediated streamflow. Mean annual DOS20 strongly correlates with the dates of 25 % and 50 % annual streamflow volume (DOQ25 and DOQ50, both R2=0.85), suggesting that a 1 d earlier DOS20 corresponds with a 1 d earlier DOQ25 and 0.7 d earlier DOQ50. Empirical projections of future DOS20 based on a stepwise multiple linear regression across sites and years under the RCP8.5 scenario for the late 21st century show that DOS20 will occur on average 11±4 d earlier per 1 ∘C of warming. However, DOS20 in colder watersheds (mean November–February air temperature, TNDJF<-8 ∘C) is on average 70 % more sensitive to climate change than in warmer watersheds (TNDJF>0 ∘C). Moreover, empirical projections of DOQ25 and DOQ50 based on DOS20 are about four and two times more sensitive to climate change, respectively, than those simulated by a state-of-the-art land surface model (NoahMP-WRF) under the same scenario. Given the importance of changes in streamflow timing for water resources, and the significant discrepancies found in projected streamflow sensitivity, snowmelt detection methods such as DOS20 based on diel streamflow cycles may help to constrain model parameters, improve hydrological predictions, and inform process understanding.
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Hahn, Meike Anika, and Eric Von Elert. "The impact of diel vertical migration on fatty acid patterns and allocation in Daphnia magna." PeerJ 8 (April 17, 2020): e8809. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8809.
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In freshwater zooplankton diel vertical migration (DVM) is a widespread predator-avoidance behavior that is induced by kairomones released from fish. Thereby zooplankton reduces predation by fish by staying in deep and dark colder strata during daytime and migrating into warmer layers during night, and thus experiences diel alterations in temperature. Constantly lower temperatures have been shown to increase the relative abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in Daphnia sp. Furthermore, a low dietary supply of the ω3-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been shown to limit the induction of DVM in Daphnia magna and the performance of D. magna under fluctuating temperatures, as experienced during DVM. In nature DVM of D. magna in response to fish is accompanied by the presence of fish-borne kairomone and diel fluctuations of depth dependent-parameters like temperature, food, and oxygen supply. Here we investigated the effect of factors, which are differing between Daphnia that perform DVM and those which do not. We selected to examine the effect of changing temperature and light conditions and of the presence/absence of fish kairomones on D. magna. For this purpose, we conducted a full factorial experimental design in which we grew D. magna under constantly warm temperatures in a diel light-dark regime or under alternating temperatures in darkness crossed with the presence or absence of fish kairomones. We analyzed the fatty acid composition of mature animals and of their offspring in each treatment. Simulation of the light and temperature regime of migrating animals in presence of the fish kairomone resulted in an increased relative allocation of the ω3-PUFA EPA, from adult animals to their offspring, manifesting as decreased EPA concentrations in mothers and increased EPA concentrations in their offspring in response to simulated DVM (mothers). Additionally, EPA concentrations in the offspring were affected by the interaction of simulated DVM and the fish cue. The presence of the fish kairomone alone increased the EPA concentration in the offspring, that was not experiencing simulated DVM. These findings lead to the conclusion that the temperature and light regime associated with DVM alone, as well as in combination with the DVM-inducing fish kairomones, alter the allocation of fatty acids to the offspring in a manner, which is beneficial for the offspring under the decreased average temperatures, which migrating animals are exposed to. A low dietary supply of ω3-PUFAs may constrain D. magna’s amplitude of DVM, but our results suggest that the next generation of animals may be capable of regaining the full DVM amplitude due to the effect of the fish kairomone and the experienced temperature fluctuations (and darkness) on tissue fatty acid composition. These findings suggest that fatty acid limitation in DVM performing Daphnia may be more severe for the maternal than for the offspring generation.
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Campbell, Andrew P. "A Forgotten Voice: The Relevance of P.T. Forsyth for the Nonviolent Atonement Debate." European Journal of Theology 29, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2020.1.003.camp.
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Dieser Aufsatz versucht die zeitgenössische Relevanz der Theologie von P.T. Forsyth auf dem Hintergrund der Kritik an Erlösungstheologien herauszuarbeiten, wie sie von mehreren gewaltfreien Theoretikern geübt wird. Er vertritt das Argument, dass Forsyths Denken von der Kritik dieser gewaltfreien Theoretiker nicht berührt wird, und macht dies in drei Hauptbereichen deutlich. Erstens, Forsyth verwendet die Terminologie von Satisfaktion bzw. Genugtuung, wobei er das Verständnis ablehnt, dass der Vater seinen Zorn stillte, indem er den Sohn am Kreuz strafte; zweitens, er weigert sich, das Leiden Christi auf eine Weise zu verallgemeinern, die nahelegen könnte, dass Leiden als solches Erlösung bewirkt; und drittens, er betont die politische und moralische Dimension der Lehre von der Erlösung und argumentiert, dass der Glaube der Kirche an Christus sich im Wirken für die Entwicklung der Gesellschaft zeigen muss. RÉSUMÉ Cet article montre l’intérêt de la théologie de P.T. Forsyth dans le contexte actuel des critiques opposées à la doctrine de l’expiation par divers théoriciens de la non-violence. Il montre que les critiques de ces théoriciens ne portent pas à l’encontre de la pensée de Forsyth, et ce dans trois domaines. Premièrement, Forsyth emploie la catégorie de la satisfaction tout en rejetant l’idée que le Père aurait donné cours à sa colère en punissant le Fils sur la croix. Deuxièmement, il refuse de généraliser le discours sur la souffrance de Christ d’une manière qui suggérerait que la souffrance en tant que telle aurait une valeur rédemptrice. Troisièmement, il souligne la portée politique et morale de la doctrine de l’expiation, en argüant que la foi de l’Église en Christ doit se traduire par des oeuvres en vue de la transformation de la société. SUMMARY This essay seeks to draw out the contemporary relevance of P.T. Forsyth’s theology against the backdrop of the critique of the atonement theologies offered by several nonviolent theorists. It argues that Forsyth’s thinking is not affected by the criticisms of these nonviolent theorists in three main areas. Firstly, he employs the language of satisfaction while rejecting the notion that the Father satisfied his wrath by punishing the Son on the cross; secondly, he refuses to generalise talk of Christ’s suffering in a manner that would suggest that suffering as such is redemptive; and thirdly, he emphasises the political and moral dimensions of the doctrine of atonement, arguing that the Church’s faith in Christ must issue in work for the transformation of society.
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Campbell, Andrew P. "A Forgotten Voice: The Relevance of P.T. Forsyth for the Nonviolent Atonement Debate." European Journal of Theology 29, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2020.1.003.camp.
Full textAbstract:
ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDieser Aufsatz versucht die zeitgenössische Relevanz der Theologie von P.T. Forsyth auf dem Hintergrund der Kritik an Erlösungstheologien herauszuarbeiten, wie sie von mehreren gewaltfreien Theoretikern geübt wird. Er vertritt das Argument, dass Forsyths Denken von der Kritik dieser gewaltfreien Theoretiker nicht berührt wird, und macht dies in drei Hauptbereichen deutlich. Erstens, Forsyth verwendet die Terminologie von Satisfaktion bzw. Genugtuung, wobei er das Verständnis ablehnt, dass der Vater seinen Zorn stillte, indem er den Sohn am Kreuz strafte; zweitens, er weigert sich, das Leiden Christi auf eine Weise zu verallgemeinern, die nahelegen könnte, dass Leiden als solches Erlösung bewirkt; und drittens, er betont die politische und moralische Dimension der Lehre von der Erlösung und argumentiert, dass der Glaube der Kirche an Christus sich im Wirken für die Entwicklung der Gesellschaft zeigen muss.RÉSUMÉCet article montre l’intérêt de la théologie de P.T. Forsyth dans le contexte actuel des critiques opposées à la doctrine de l’expiation par divers théoriciens de la non-violence. Il montre que les critiques de ces théoriciens ne portent pas à l’encontre de la pensée de Forsyth, et ce dans trois domaines. Premièrement, Forsyth emploie la catégorie de la satisfaction tout en rejetant l’idée que le Père aurait donné cours à sa colère en punissant le Fils sur la croix. Deuxièmement, il refuse de généraliser le discours sur la souffrance de Christ d’une manière qui suggérerait que la souffrance en tant que telle aurait une valeur rédemptrice. Troisièmement, il souligne la portée politique et morale de la doctrine de l’expiation, en argüant que la foi de l’Église en Christ doit se traduire par des oeuvres en vue de la transformation de la société.SUMMARYThis essay seeks to draw out the contemporary relevance of P.T. Forsyth’s theology against the backdrop of the critique of the atonement theologies offered by several nonviolent theorists. It argues that Forsyth’s thinking is not affected by the criticisms of these nonviolent theorists in three main areas. Firstly, he employs the language of satisfaction while rejecting the notion that the Father satisfied his wrath by punishing the Son on the cross; secondly, he refuses to generalise talk of Christ’s suffering in a manner that would suggest that suffering as such is redemptive; and thirdly, he emphasises the political and moral dimensions of the doctrine of atonement, arguing that the Church’s faith in Christ must issue in work for the transformation of society.
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Emra, Stephanie, Marion Benz, Abu B. Siddiq, and Vecihi Özkaya. "Adaptions in subsistence strategy to environment changes across the Younger Dryas - Early Holocene boundary at Körtiktepe, Southeastern Turkey." Holocene 32, no. 5 (February 4, 2022): 390–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836221074030.
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The site of Körtiktepe in southeastern Turkey is one of few sites in the Upper Mesopotamia basin that attests continuous, permanent occupation across the boundary from end of the colder, drier Younger Dryas (YD) into the comparatively wetter and warmer Early Holocene (EH). This allows for the study of the degree of environmental change experienced on a local level over this boundary as well as for the study of the adaptations that the occupants of the site undertook in response to these changes. The mammal assemblage of Körtiktepe remains relatively stable across the YD – EH transition with the main contributors to diet being mouflon ( Ovis orientalis) and red deer ( Cervus elaphus) in approximately the same quantities, although the contribution of aurochs ( Bos primigenius) increases in the EH. The most significant changes can be seen in the shift in avifauna remains, with a sharp increase of waterbirds during the EH. It is proposed that these shifts reflect changes in the local environment with an increase in woodland cover as well as expansion of local waterways, which is generally consistent with previously published archaeobotanical studies. In terms of species exploited, mortality profiles as well as size distribution of mammals, a great deal of continuity is observed. This suggests that over this particular period the local impact of the beginning of the Early Holocene was not overly dramatic, allowing for cultural continuity of previously established subsistence strategies.