Relevant bibliographies by topics / Collapse of the soil

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Academic literature on the topic 'Collapse of the soil'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Collapse of the soil"

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AL-Rawas, A. A. "State-of-the-Art-Review of Collapsible Soils." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 5 (December 1, 2000): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol5iss0pp115-135.

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Collapsible soils are encountered in arid and semi-arid regions. Such soils cause potential construction problems due to their collapse upon wetting. The collapse phenomenon is primarily related to the open structure of the soil. Several soil collapse classifications based on parameters such as moisture content, dry density, Atterberg limits and clay content have been proposed in the literature as indicators of the soil collapse potential. Direct measurement of the magnitude of collapse, using laboratory and/or field tests, is essential once a soil showed indications of collapse potential. Treatment methods such as soil replacement, compaction control and chemical stabilization showed significant reduction in the settlement of collapsible soils. The design of foundations on collapsible soils depends on the depth of the soil, magnitude of collapse and economics of the design. Strip foundations are commonly used when collapsing soil extends to a shallow depth while piles and drilled piers are recommended in cases where the soil extends to several meters. This paper provides a comprehensive review of collapsible soils. These include the different types of collapsible soils, mechanisms of collapse, identification and classification methods, laboratory and field testing, treatment methods and guidelines for foundation design.
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Al-otaibi, Fahad A., and Humoud Melfi Aldaihani. "DETERMINATION OF THE COLLAPSE POTENTIAL OF SABKHA SOIL AND DUNE SAND ARID SURFACE SOIL DEPOSITS IN KUWAIT." Jurnal Teknologi 83, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14863.

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Ensuring the sustainability of critical and limited natural soil resources is a major challenge in arid regions such as Kuwait. Investigations should be performed to identify and characterise collapsible surface soil deposits, and collapse potential should be assessed if possible in order to evaluate suitable stabilizing techniques. The cementation effect of different types of salts gives arid soils their considerable strength and stiffness in dry conditions. The collapse in these soils may occur due to the reduction of the chemical or physical bonds between the soil particles under wet conditions. Collapse Potential (CP) is an indication of the collapsibility of these soils. This paper presents the results of experimental work that was carried out to evaluate the collapse potential of two types of surface soil: sabkha soil and dune sand. The experimental program included physical and chemical soil characterization alongside a modified compaction test. The collapsibility of the soil at a stress of 200 kPa was obtained by performing a Single Collapse Test (SCT) via a conventional odometer device in a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment. Collapse potential index tests were performed on the tested soil samples collected from eight locations in two study areas. The results suggest the problem severity is slight to none. However, the CP was higher for the sabkha soil samples than for the dune sand samples. The increase in collapsibility of the sabkha soil samples may be attributed to the removal of bonding between cementing particles upon wetting.
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Wang, Hong-Tao, Ping Liu, Chi Liu, Xin Zhang, Yong Yang, and Lu-Yao Liu. "Three-Dimensional Upper Bound Limit Analysis on the Collapse of Shallow Soil Tunnels considering Roof Stratification and Pore Water Pressure." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8164702.

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Based on the plastic upper bound theorem, a three-dimensional kinematically admissible velocity field is constructed for the collapse of the soil masses above a shallow tunnel. In this field, this paper considers the influences of the roof stratification, pore water pressure, ground overload, and support pressure. This study deduced the upper bound solutions of the weight of the collapsed soil masses and the corresponding collapse surfaces by utilizing the nonlinear failure criterion, associated flow rule, and variation principle. Furthermore, we verified the validity of the proposed method in this paper by comparing this research with the existing work and numerical simulation results. This study obtains the influence laws of varying parameters on the area and weight of the collapsed soil masses. The results reveal that the area and weight of the collapsed soil masses increase with increasing support pressure and soil cohesion, but decrease with increasing thickness of the upper soil layer, nonlinear coefficient, pore water pressure, and ground overload. Among them, the roof stratification, pore water pressure, soil cohesion, and nonlinear coefficient have a significant influence on tunnel collapse, which should be given special consideration in engineering design.
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Fattah, Mohammed Y., and Basma A. Dawood. "Time-dependent collapse potential of unsaturated collapsible gypseous soils." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-09-2019-0276.

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Purpose This study aims to predict the volume changes and collapse potential (CP) associated with the changes in soil suction by using the pressure cell and the effect of initial load on soil suction. Three types of gypseous soils have been experimented in this study, sandy gypseous soil from different parts of Iraq. A series of collapse tests were carried out using the oedometer device [single oedometer test (SOT) and double oedometer test (DOT)]. In addition, large-scale model with soil dimensions 700 × 700 × 600 mm was used to show the effect of water content changes in different relations (collapse with time, stress with time, suction with time, etc.). Design/methodology/approach A series of collapse tests were carried out using the oedometer device (SOT and DOT). In addition, a large-scale model with soil dimensions 700 × 700 × 600 mm was used to show the effect of water content changes in different relations (collapse with time, stress with time, suction with time, etc.). Findings The CP increases with the increasing of the void ratio for each soil. For each soil, the CP decreased when the initial degree of saturation increased. Kerbala soil with gypsum content (30%) revealed collapse value higher than Tikrit soil with gypsum content (55%) under the same initial conditions of water content and density, this is because the higher the Cu value of Kerbala soil is, the more well-graded the soil will be. Upon wetting, the smaller particles or fractions of the well-graded soil tend to fill in the existing voids, resulting in a lower void ratio as compared to the poorly graded one. Consequently, soils with high Cu value tend to collapse more than poorly graded ones. The compressibility of the soil is low when loaded under unsaturated condition, the CP for samples tested in the DOTs under stress level 800 kPa are greater than those obtained from collapse test at a stress level of 200 kPa. Originality/value The initial value of suction for all soils increases with initial water content decreases.
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Wang, Hui Min, and Hua Jun Guo. "Collapse Cause Analysis and Treatment Research of West Slope Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 954–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.954.

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Abstract: West Slope Tunnel's surrounding rock is broken. A positive step method is used in the reconstruction process of collapsed West Slope Tunnel. During tunnel construction process, heavy rain cause a landslide failure of tunnel (Located in DK51+175- DK51+195). The mainly collapsed area is located in the position of DK51+180. According to collapsing, we executed the settlement observation, cross-section deformation detection and upper crack observation.When collapse settlement is basically stable, the collapse is segmented to settle. The previous board of Secondary lining for the collapse need to add steel reinforcement and tunnel collapse cavity backfill C30 concrete. When concrete strength is expected ,it need to be excavated and must keep the core soil. The advanced small pipe is needed to stabilize the soil before the excavation section. In invasion of secondary lining collapse, girdle previous Primary Support and reform Primary Support.. Add I16 steel frame where necessary. We must strengthen the tunnel monitoring to ensure the safety during tunnel construction process.
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Xu, Linjuan, Yuanjian Wang, Wanjie Zhao, and Enhui Jiang. "Review on Riverbank Soil Collapse." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601021.

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Bank slope collapse is a kind of natural phenomenon which commonly existed on both sides of alluvial plain rivers. The mechanism of bank collapse is complex, and it is an interdisciplinary frontier research subject. The collapse of the bank slope will lead to the instability of river regime and frequent changes of erosion and siltation, which will cause great harm to river regulation and people's livelihood. Through review of river bank soil collapse at home and abroad, it is concluded that the main influencing factors of river bank soil collapse are the action of water flow and the soil structure of river bank. In addition, the stability of river bank and the numerical simulation of river bank collapse are also studied by scholars. In view of the above research results, the deficiencies of the current research are pointed out and the research directions that should be followed in the future are put forward.
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Huang, D., J. D. Nelson, and S. Sharma. "Collapse potential of compacted soil." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 28, no. 6 (November 1991): A353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(91)91312-f.

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Tadepalli, Rambabu, and D. G. Fredlund. "The collapse behavior of a compacted soil during inundation." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 4 (August 1, 1991): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-065.

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The collapse behavior of a compacted, uncemented soil is studied within a theoretical context consistent with the concepts of unsaturated soil mechanics. Experimental data are presented relating the initial matric suction of a compacted soil to its volume decrease during inundation. The laboratory results indicate a unique relationship between the changes in matric suction (i.e., Δ(ua − uw), where ua is the pore-air pressure and uw is the pore-water pressure) of the compacted soil and the resulting volume reduction during inundation. Changes in the matric suction and total volume with respect to time were modelled using the theory of transient flow through an unsaturated soil. The predicted results show reasonable agreement with the experimental observations. The comparisons between the simulated results and the experimental data indicate that the coefficient of consolidation of the soil varies linearly with matric suction during the inundation process. Key words: unsaturated soil, matric suction, collapsible soils, negative pore-water pressures.
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Vilar, Orencio Monje, and Roger Augusto Rodrigues. "Collapse behavior of soil in a Brazilian region affected by a rising water table." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 2 (February 2011): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-065.

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Collapsible soils are usually nonsaturated, low density, and metastable-structured soils that are known to exhibit a volume reduction following an episode of moisture increase or suction reduction. This paper describes the collapsible behavior of clayey sand based on controlled soil suction tests carried out on undisturbed samples from the city of Pereira Barreto, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Foundation settlements due to soil collapse are common in this region and occurred during the filling of the reservoir of the Três Irmãos Dam, which induced the elevation of the groundwater table in different parts of Pereira Barreto. This paper shows that collapse strains depend on the stress and soil suction acting in the sample and that saturation is not necessary for a collapse to occur. The influence of soil suction, gradual wetting, and the wetting and drying cycle on the collapsible behavior of the soil is also shown and discussed.
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Rao, S. M., and K. Revanasiddappa. "Collapse behaviour of a residual soil." Géotechnique 52, no. 4 (May 2002): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.2002.52.4.259.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Collapse of the soil"

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Revanasiddappa, K. "Collapse Behaviour Of Red Soils Of Bangalore District." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/220.

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Collapse phenomenon is exhibited by two types of residual soils. The first category of collapsing residual soils is believed to be transported soils that have undergone post-depositional pedogenesis. The second category of collapsing residual soils is highly weathered and leached soils formed by in-situ weathering of parent rock. Residual red soils occur in Bangalore District of Karnataka State. Physical and chemical weathering of the gneissic parent rock formed the residual soils of Bangalore District. The red soils of Bangalore District are generally moderate to very highly porous (porosity range 35-50%). These soils are also unsaturated owing to presence of alternate wet and dry seasons and low ground water table. Moderately to highly porous, unsaturated red soils occur in Pernambuco State of Brazil. These residual soils formed by weathering of gneissic rock significantly collapse on wetting under external pressures. Kaolinite is predominant clay mineral in the red soils of Bangalore and Pernambuco Districts. Similarities exist in the mode of soil formation, clay mineralogy, porosity and degree of saturation (Sr) values of the red soils from Pernambuco State, Brazil, and Bangalore District. Given the collapsible nature of red soils from Pernambuco State, Brazil, the red soils from Bangalore District also deserve to be examined for their potential to collapse in the compacted and undisturbed conditions. The roles of initial dry density, compaction water content, clay content and flooding pressure (the external stress at which a laboratory specimen is inundated is termed as flooding pressure in this thesis) in determining the collapse behaviour of compacted soils are well recognized. However, the influences of above parameters on the collapse behaviour of compacted red soil specimens from Bangalore District are lacking. Such studies are essential as they help to identify the critical compaction parameters (dry density and water content), soil composition, and applied stress level that needs to be controlled by the fill designer in order to minimize wetting-induced collapse. The importance of matric suction in the collapse behaviour of unsaturated soils is well recognized. Yet, the influence of matric suction in the collapse behaviour of compacted soils has only been indirectly examined by varying the compaction water content/degree of saturation of the soil specimens. The climate of Bangalore District is characterized by alternate wet and dry seasons which affects the soil microstructure and the matric suction. Both these parameters have a significant influence on collapse behaviour of unsaturated soils. Cyclic wetting and drying is expected to have a significant bearing on the collapse behaviour of residual soils and is therefore examined. The red soil deposits of Bangalore District are important from foundation engineering view point as they are subjected to structural loading. Owing to the presence of alternate wet and dry seasons and low ground water table, red soil deposits of Bangalore District are more often than not unsaturated. These foundation soils would however be susceptible to increase in moisture content from causes such as infiltration of rainwater, leakage of pipes or watering of lawns and plants. Given the porous and unsaturated nature of undisturbed red soils from Bangalore district, their collapsible nature deserves to be examined for reliable estimation of foundation settlements. To achieve the above objectives, experiments are performed that study: 1.The influence of variations in compaction dry density, initial water content and matric suction, clay content and flooding pressure on the collapse behaviour of a representative red soil sample from Bangalore District. 2.The influence of repeated wetting and drying on the collapse behaviour of compacted red soil specimens. 3.The collapsible nature of undisturbed red soil samples from different locations in Bangalore District. The organization of this thesis is as follows: After the first introductory chapter, a detailed review of literature highlighting the need to study the collapse behaviour of unsaturated red soils of Bangalore District, Karnataka in the compacted and undisturbed states comprises Chapter 2. Chapter 3 presents a detailed experimental programme of the study. Details of representative and undisturbed red soil samples from Bangalore District, Karnataka State, India were used in the study are provided. Determination of collapse potential of compacted and undisturbed soil specimens using conventional oedometer is discussed. Determination of matric suction of compacted and undisturbed specimens by ASTM Filter paper method and pore size distributions by mercury intrusion porosimetry is detailed. Methods to perform cyclic wetting and drying of compacted red soil specimens in modified oedometer assemblies is detailed. These experiments are performed to examine the influence of cyclic wetting and drying on the collapse behaviour of compacted red soil specimens. Chapter 4 examines the collapse behaviour of a compacted red soil from Bangalore District. The influence of variations in compaction dry density, initial water content and matric suction, flooding pressure and clay content on the collapse behaviour of the representative red soil from Bangalore District are examined. Besides measuring the initial matric suction of the compacted red soil specimens, mercury intrusion porosimetry was performed on selected compacted red soil specimens. Experimental results showed that compacted red soils from Bangalore District exhibited tendency to swell and collapse at the experimental range of densities and water contents. Red soil specimens compacted to relative compactions > 90 % at water contents below OMC swelled at flooding pressures lower than 200 kPa. Red soil specimens compacted to relative compactions < 90 % at water contents below OMC significantly collapsed at flooding pressures larger than 200 kPa. Hence maintenance of the design water content during construction of compacted red soil fills is essential to minimize wetting induced volume changes. Experiments showed that the relative abundance of coarse pores (60 to 6 μm, pore radius) were mainly affected on increasing the relative compaction of the specimens from 84 % (dry density = 1.49 Mg/m3) to 100 % (dry density = 1.77 Mg/m3). The relative abundance of the coarse and fine (0.01 to 0.002 μm) pores were both affected on increasing the compaction water content from 10.6 to 26.4 %. These variations in pore size distributions provided better insight into the variations of collapse potential with variations in compaction parameters. ASTM filter paper method showed that for the selected compaction conditions the initial matric suction of the compacted red soil specimens varied between 60 and 10,000 kPa. Further, variations in degree of saturation at a constant relative compaction or variations in relative compaction at a constant degree of soil saturation notably affected the matric suction of the compacted soil specimens. It was also inferred that a clay soil with a higher liquid limit is characterized by a higher matric suction at a given water content. Variations in clay content affected the collapse potentials of soil specimens compacted to dry densities of 1.49 and 1.66 Mg/m3. These specimens exhibited maximum collapse at about 26 % clay content. It is suggested that greater destabilization of inter-particle contacts caused by loss of matric suction on flooding was primarily responsible for the soil specimen containing the critical clay content of 26 % to exhibit maximum collapse potential. Increase in initial dry density, initial water content, clay content of the soil specimen and flooding pressure increased the time-duration of collapse of the compacted soil specimens. The time-duration of collapse was observed to range between 3 and 100 minutes for the tested specimens. Chapter 5 examines the influence of alternate wetting and drying on the collapse behaviour of compacted red soil specimens of Bangalore District. The compacted specimens were subjected to alternate wetting and drying cycles at surcharge pressures of 6.25 and 50 kPa in modified oedometer assemblies. Studies were also performed to examine whether the initial placement conditions have any bearing on the collapse behaviour of red soil specimens subjected to four cycles of wetting and drying. Mercury intrusion porosimetry was performed on a few desiccated red soil specimens. Experimental results showed that cyclic wetting and drying caused the desiccated specimens to exhibit similar or lower swell and collapse potentials than the compacted specimens. Such a behaviour resulted despite the desiccated specimens (specimens subjected to four cycles of wetting and drying are termed as desiccated specimens) possessing similar void ratios but much lower water contents than the compacted specimens. The restraining influence of the desiccation bonds and alteration of soil structure is considered responsible for the reduced swell and collapse tendencies of the desiccated specimens. The desiccation bonds imparted higher apparent preconsolidation pressures to the desiccated specimens. The initial compaction conditions also have a strong bearing on the collapse potentials of the desiccated specimens. Compacted red soil specimens subjected to cyclic wetting and drying under a higher surcharge pressure of 50 kPa exhibited larger swell potentials and lower collapse potentials than specimens desiccated at 6.25 kPa. Besides their lower void ratios, the presence of stronger desiccation bonds also contributed to their lower collapse potentials. The presence of stronger desiccation bonds in specimens desiccated under higher surcharge pressure was indicated by their higher apparent preconsolidation pressures. Chapter 6 examines the collapse behaviour of undisturbed red soil specimens from three locations in Bangalore District at a range of flooding pressures. Studies on the variations in initial water content and effect of remoulding on the collapse behaviour of the undisturbed specimens is supplemented by measuring the initial matric suction and performing mercury intrusion porosimetry experiments. Experimental results showed that based on their collapse potential at 200 kPa, the undisturbed red soils of Bangalore District classified as troublesome to moderately troublesome foundation soils. The bonded structure of the undisturbed red soil specimens imparted them higher apparent preconsolidation pressures and lower swell/collapse potentials than their remoulded counterparts. Variations in in-situ dry density, degree of saturation and relative distribution of pore sizes affected the matric suction and collapse potentials of the undisturbed specimens Chapter 7 summarizes the conclusions of this thesis.
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Xu, Jia. "Investigation of spatially graded distribution of pore fluid effect on wetting-induced soil collapse /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202008%20XU.

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Maswoswe, Justice. "Stress paths for compacted soil during collapse due to wetting." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8265.

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Macfarlane, Richard Burton 1957. "A field test for detecting collapse susceptible soils." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277086.

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A field test is developed to assess the collapse susceptibility of soils rapidly and inexpensively. The in situ collapse test device measures the vertical deformations which occur in soils when they are subjected to stress and given access to water while under continuous load. Principles of statistics were employed to show that laboratory testing of soil specimens overestimate the magnitude of collapse as measured in the field and that the magnitude of collapse is, in part, a function of the soil moisture content at the time of loading and at the time of collapse. Good correlation was found between the spatial variability of collapsible soils with the location of alluvium terrace deposits and structurally damaged buildings.
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Xie, Jun. "Plasticity analysis and numerical modelling of tunnel collapse in cohesive soil." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412115.

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In this thesis, previous research works on the collapse analysis of underground excavations: tunnels, trapdoors and plane strain headings, are reviewed. Through the discussion of the collapse of a single circular tunnel in soil, the collapse mechanism of two parallel circular tunnels is established under the condition of Tresca yield criterion. Employing the bound theorems of plasticity theory, admissible velocity fields and admissible stress fields are created around the two tunnels to obtain upper and lower bound solutions. The bound solutions for two parallel circular tunnels are compared with the test results from a centrifuge experiment in literature. Several new parameter definitions: field stability ratio N[, natural stability ratio Nn , external stability ratio Ne, collapse stability ratio Nc and the stability analysis line (SAL) are introduced. A new stability analysis plot is derived to analyse the collapse of geotechnical structures, working with the finite element software package - CRISP. According to the stability state of tunnels in soil, five principal procedures for searching for the collapse stability ratios are developed, based on the stability analysis plot. Under the condition of soil with self weight, the stability ratios for the two tunnels obtained from the finite element method agree well with the solutions obtained using the bound theorems. Two models of three-dimensional trapdoors, square and rectangular trapdoors, are developed to investigate local roof collapse in twmels. Comparing several trapdoor stability solutions, it is proposed that different trapdoor models (3D block, 3D rectangular and 3D square models) can be used to the stability analysis for the square trapdoors located in different depths. The upper and lower bound solutions for square and rectangular trapdoors are derived and discussed. Block Analysis Method with a triangular element is developed to examine the stability of a vertical cut and a plane strain heading. The interfaces between two blocks are treated as elements, while the blocks are treated as extended nodes. The force equilibrium equations of a soil structure and yield criterion equations are assembled into a linear programming that is solved with the Simplex Method to obtain optimum stability ratio, via the load factor. This method shows good potential for the collapse analysis of soil structures in geotechnical engineering practice in the future.
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Corral, Jofré Gonzalo Andrés. "Re-analysis of deep excavation collapse using a generalized effective stress soil model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60759.

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Thesis (Civ. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-138).
This thesis re-analyzes the well-documented failure of a 30m deep braced excavation underconsolidated marine clay. Prior analyses of the collapse of the Nicoll Highway have relied on simplified soil models with undrained strength parameters based on empirical correlations and piezocone penetration data. In contrast, the current research simulates the engineering properties of the key Upper and Lower Marine Clay units using a generalized effective stress soil model, MIT-E3, with input parameters calibrated using laboratory test data obtained as part of the post-failure site investigation. The model predictions are evaluated through comparisons with monitoring data and through comparisons with results of prior analyses using the Mohr-Coulomb (MC) model. The MIT-E3 analyses provide a modest improvement in predictions of the measured wall deflections compared to prior MC calculations and give a consistent explanation of the bending failure in the south diaphragm wall and the overloading of the strut-waler connection at the 9th level of strutting. The current analyses do not resolve uncertainties associated with performance of the JGP rafts, movements at the toe of the north-side diaphragm wall or discrepancies with the measured strut loads at level 9. However, they represent a significant advance in predicting excavation performance based directly on results of laboratory tests compared to prior analyses that used generic (i.e., non site-specific) design isotropic strength profiles.
by Gonzalo Andrés Corral Jofré.
Civ.E.
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Gildenhuys, Nanine. "The occurrence and extent of collapse settlement in residual granite in the Stellenbosch area." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5214.

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Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Large areas of the earth’s surface are covered by soils that are susceptible to large decreases in bulk volume when they become saturated. These soils are termed collapsing soils and are very common in parts of the USA, Asia, South America and Southern Africa. This study is concerned with the occurrence of these collapsible soils in the residual granites of the Stellenbosch area. The study was undertaken as relatively little is known about the collapse phenomenon in the problematic weathered granites of the Western Cape. The majority of research thus far has been carried out on the deep residual soils formed on basement-granite in the Transvaal areas, whereas little attention has been paid to the Cape granites. The aim of the study was achieved through the experimental work which included double oedometer testing, indicator analyses and shear strength testing. Double oedometer tests were performed to quantify the potential collapse settlement of the soils from the demarcated study area. To provide a better understanding of the collapse behaviour of the soils, indicator analysis, which included Atterberg limits and particle size distributions, were performed. Direct shear tests were further carried out on saturated and natural moisture content specimens to establish the effect of collapsibility on shear strength and whether substantial additional settlement of the saturated soils would occur during shear. It was found that collapsible soils are prevalent in the demarcated study area as the majority of soils showed a potential collapse settlement of 1% or more. Collapse exceeding 5% were calculated in a few instances proving some soils to be highly collapsible. The double oedometer and indicator analysis results were used in an attempt to obtain a relationship between collapse settlement and a combination of easily determined properties such as dry density (void ratio), moisture content and grading, but no meaningful conclusions have emerged. The shear strength tests indicated that a clear correlation does not exist between collapsibility and shear strength. It was further established that a relationship between collapse settlement determined during the double oedometer testing and the volume change during shear strength testing cannot be assumed. It can thus be concluded that soils can be very unpredictable and further research on the collapse phenomenon is indicated.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Groot dele van die aarde se oppervlakte is bedek deur grondtipes wat geneig is tot ‘n afname in volume as dit deurweek word. Hierdie gronde word swigversakkende gronde genoem en dit word algemeen teëgekom in dele van die VSA, Asië, Suid-Amerika en Suider-Afrika. In hierdie studie word die voorkoms van swigversakkende gronde in die residuele graniet in die Stellenbosch area ondersoek. Die studie is onderneem aangesien relatief min i.v.m. die swigversakking-verskynsel in die problematiese verweerde graniet van die Weskaap bekend is. Die meeste van die navorsing sover is onderneem op die diep residuele gronde wat gevorm is op die Argaïese graniet in die Transvaal gebied, en betreklik min aandag is geskenk aan die Kaapse graniet. Tydens die studie is eksperimente wat dubbele oedometer toetse, indikator analises, en skuifsterkte toetse insluit, uitgevoer. Dubbele oedometer toetse is uitgevoer om die potensiële swigversakking van die grond in die afgebakende studiegebied te kwantifiseer. In ‘n poging om die swigversakking-verskynsel van die grond beter te verstaan, is indikator analises wat Atterberg grense en partikel grootte verspreiding insluit, uitgevoer. Direkte skuiftoetse is ook uitgevoer op deurweekte grondmonsters en op monsters wat natuurlike vog bevat, om sodoende die effek van swigversakking op skuifsterkte vas te stel en om uit te vind of aansienlike addisionele sakking van die deurweekte gronde tydens skuif plaasvind. Daar is gevind dat swigversakkende gronde die oorheersende grondtipe in die afgebakende studiegebied is waar meeste van die gronde ‘n potensiële swigversakking van meer as 1% toon. ‘n Swigversakking van meer as 5% is in ‘n paar gevalle bereken, wat bewys dat sommige grondtipes hoogs versakkend is. Die resultate van die dubbele oedometer en indikator analises is gebruik in ‘n poging om te bewys dat daar ‘n verhouding bestaan tussen swigversakking en ‘n kombinasie van kenmerke wat maklik vasgestel kan word soos droë digdheid (ruimte verhouding), voginhoud en gradering, maar daar kon nie tot ‘n sinvolle slotsom gekom word nie. Die skuifsterkte toetse toon dat daar nie ‘n duidelike korrelasie bestaan tussen swigversakking en skuifsterkte nie. Daar is verder vasgestel dat dit nie moontlik is om te aanvaar dat daar ‘n verhouding bestaan tussen swigversakking soos vasgestel tydens die dubbele oedometer toetsing, en die verandering in volume tydens skuifsterkte toetsing nie. Daar is dus tot die slotsom gekom dat grond baie onvoorspelbaar kan wees en dat verdere navorsing na die swigversakking-verskynsel nodig is.
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Davies, Joel Peter. "The identification and investigation of the factors associated with rigid sewer pipe deterioration and collapse." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391296.

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Turkoglu, Melih. "Two-dimensional Numerical Analysis Of Tunnel Collapse Driven In Poor Ground Conditions." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615456/index.pdf.

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Insufficient information on the host medium can cause serious problems, even collapse, during construction in a tunnel. This study focuses on understanding the reasons behind the collapse of the Tunnel BT24 to be opened within the framework of Ankara-Istanbul High Speed Railway Project. The tunnel is located near Bozü
yü
k in the Bilecik Province. The collapsed section of the tunnel was driven into a highly weathered, weak to medium rock mass. Unanticipated geological/geotechnical circumstances caused excessive deformations at the section on which the primary support system was applied, leading eventually to collapse. To understand the response of the tunnel and the collapse mechanism, the construction sequence is simulated using two-dimensional plane-strain and axisymmetric finite element models. The analyses were carried out for the section with and without invert closure of the shotcrete liner. To implement the effects of likely unfavorable ground conditions on the tunnel response, a number of fault scenarios and possible creep effects were also considered with those two alternatives. Displacements in the tunnel periphery, forces and moments in the primary liner as well as the plastic deformation zones in the surrounding ground were determined for each case and comprasions were made accordingly. It is concluded that the unforseen ground circumstances might have substantially aggravated the deformations in the section and that the lack of ring closure of the primary liner at invert played the key role in the collapse.
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Al-Khyat, Sahar. "An experimental investigation of the collapse behaviour of an unsaturated compacted soil along the static compaction curves." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/118382/.

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Unsaturated compacted soils are used in many civil engineering works, such as earth dams, embankments, soils beneath foundations and pavements. A major problem encountered with these soils is the tendency to collapse upon wetting under certain conditions. There has been extensive research into the collapsibility of compacted soils. However, comprehensive investigation into the hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated compacted soils under various loading, wetting and compaction conditions is needed for the engineers to devise safe and cost-effective solutions to such problem. The outcomes of such a study also provides a wider perspective on soil collapsibility and generate geotechnical data and parameters useful for establishing and validating constitutive models. This thesis presents a laboratory-based experimental study of the collapse behaviour of compacted soil mixtures of 40% silt, 40% sand and 20% clay. Series of laboratory tests were conducted including basic characterisation, static compaction behaviour, suction measurements, single and double-oedometer tests, and suction-controlled oedometer tests under wetting. In this context, a new static compaction testing procedure is developed for establishing static compaction curves of the soil both in terms of applied compaction pressure and compaction energy. One-dimensional volume change behaviour of compacted samples along the established static compaction curves was explored. Statically compacted specimens with various compaction conditions were subjected to a wide range of vertical stresses. The compatibility of various controlled-suction wetting tests was also explored. The experimental data obtained were analysed in terms of collapse strain and soil-water characteristic curves (SWCC) based on theories of unsaturated soil mechanics. The proposed procedure of the static compaction tests showed the potential effectiveness in establishing static compaction curves at various levels of compaction energy and pressure. The static compaction pressure required to transmit constant compaction energy was found to decrease with increasing the water content of specimens, whereas increased compaction energy was observed along the compaction pressure curves. The static compaction was also found to induce suction changes of specimens. The study generated new knowledge in the form of linking the compaction effort with the collapse behaviour at a various range of applied vertical stresses and suction. The collapse behaviour of compacted specimens along the static compaction curves was found to be predominantly controlled by the applied compaction pressure during specimen preparation. Similarly, the wetting SWCCs of compacted specimens along the static compaction curve were found to be strongly influenced by the static pressure of compaction at low suctions.
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Books on the topic "Collapse of the soil"

1

Luehring, Ronald W. Evaluations of collapse susceptibility in alluvial fan deposits: Towaoc Canal, Reach 2, Towaoc, Colorado. Denver CO: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Division of Research and Laboratory Services, Geotechnical Services Branch, 1988.

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Luehring, Ronald W. Evaluations of collapse susceptibility in alluvial fan deposits: Towaoc Canal, Reach 2, Towaoc, Colorado. Denver CO: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Division of Research and Laboratory Services, Geotechnical Services Branch, 1988.

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Luehring, Ronald W. Evaluations of collapse susceptibility in alluvial fan deposits: Towaoc Canal, Reach 2, Towaoc, Colorado. Denver CO: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Division of Research and Laboratory Services, Geotechnical Services Branch, 1988.

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Gosen, B. S. Van. Geochemistry of soil samples from 50 solution-collapse features on the Coconino Plateau, northern Arizona. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.

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Gosen, B. S. Van. Geochemistry of soil samples from 50 solution-collapse features on the Coconino Plateau, northern Arizona. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.

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Diamond, Jared M. Collapse. New York: Penguin Group USA, Inc., 2008.

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Drost, Alexander, Olga Sasunkevich, Joachim Schiedermair, and Barbara Törnquist-Plewa, eds. Collapse of Memory - Memory of Collapse. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/9783412513702.

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Weatherill, Rob. Cultural collapse. London: Free Association Books, 1994.

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Hunjan, P. S. Progressive collapse. London: North East London Polytechnic, 1986.

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Fryer, Chris L., ed. Stellar Collapse. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48599-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Collapse of the soil"

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Marques, Luiz. "Water and Soil." In Capitalism and Environmental Collapse, 65–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47527-7_3.

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Cui, Yu-Jun, and Pierre Delage. "Soil Collapse due to Water Infiltration." In Environmental Geomechanics, 149–69. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118619834.ch6.

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Feda, J. "Mechanisms of Collapse of Soil Structure." In Genesis and Properties of Collapsible Soils, 149–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0097-7_8.

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Alonso, Eduardo E., Núria M. Pinyol, and Alexander M. Puzrin. "Collapse of Compacted Soil: Girona Road Embankments, Spain." In Geomechanics of Failures. Advanced Topics, 85–127. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3538-7_3.

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Marei, Mohamed G., Tareq M. Abdelaziz, Ahmed M. Ragheb, and Naema Ali. "A Proposed Approach for Calculating Collapse Settlement." In Novel Issues on Unsaturated Soil Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 82–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01935-8_6.

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Arnalds, Olafur. "Collapse, Erosion, Condition, and Restoration." In World Soils Book Series, 153–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9621-7_12.

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Brezzi, Lorenzo, Fabio Gabrieli, Simonetta Cola, and Isabella Onofrio. "Influence of Mixture Composition in the Collapse of Soil Columns." In Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides, 449–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53483-1_53.

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Haeri, S. Mohsen, Atefeh Zamani, and A. Akbari Garakani. "Collapse Potential and Permeability of Undisturbed and Remolded Loessial Soil Samples." In Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications, 301–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31116-1_41.

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Noor, Mohd Jamaludin. "Modelling inundation settlement and loading collapse settlement using RMYSF." In Soil Settlement and the Concept of Effective Stress and Shear Strength Interaction, 162–96. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003121503-5.

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Toft, Monica Duffy. "Sons of the Soviet Soil and the Collapse of the USSR." In People Changing Places, 150–68. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351117623-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Collapse of the soil"

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Hailemariam, Henok, Ahmed Al-Janabi, Frank Wuttke, and Norman Wagner. "Soil Collapse Monitoring with EM Measurements." In The 2nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icgre17.158.

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Tharp, Thomas M. "Cover-Collapse Sinkhole Formation and Soil Plasticity." In Ninth Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40698(2003)9.

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Rodrigues, R. A., and O. M. Vilar. "Relationship between Collapse and Soil-Water Retention Curve of a Sandy Soil." In Fourth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40802(189)83.

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Pu, Jun-Ping, Yao-Min Fang, Hung-Ren Chen, and Jian-Fa Huang. "Detection and Identification of Bridges Considering Soil Effect." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2944.

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Unexpected collapses and near collapse of bridges during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake underline the need for effective structural monitoring. Periodic structural condition monitoring of bridge structures is necessary to ensure that they provide a continued and safe service. A systematic study of typical bridges is needed, focusing on identifying elastic analytical models that will incorporate the existing state of bridge. To establish dynamic monitoring as a routine bridge inspection method, the soil-structure model of these two bridges are established and compared theoretically and experimentally.
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Juannong Chen, Jinrui Zhang, Zhixin Yue, and Bin Jia. "Soil Management of the coal mining collapse by Geographic Information System." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536149.

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Jiao, R., and S. Kyriakides. "Progressive Wrinkling and Collapse of Pipes Due to Axial Cycling." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79754.

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Pipelines buried in trenches and covered by soil are essentially under full axial constraint. Under such conditions, a temperature change resulting from the passage of hot oil coupled with high internal pressure can plastically deform the pipe. If the line is relatively thin the compression can induce axisymmetric wrinkling. Mild wrinkling is benign, but at higher strain levels it leads to collapse by localized wrinkling. During a lifetime of 20 or more years, lines experience many startup and shutdown cycles (∼100). This work investigates whether a tube that develops small amplitude wrinkles can be subsequently collapsed by persistent cycling. The problem is investigated experimentally using SAF2507 super-duplex steel tubes with D/t of 28.5. The tubes are first compressed to strain levels high enough for mild wrinkles to form; they are then cycled axially under stress control about a compressive mean stress. This type of cycling usually results in material ratcheting; here it is accompanied by accumulation of structural damage due to the growth of the amplitude of the initial wrinkles. The tube average strain initially grows nearly linearly with the number of cycles, but as a critical value of wrinkle amplitude is approached, wrinkling localizes, ratcheting grows exponentially and the tube collapses. The rate of ratcheting and the number of cycles to failure depend on the initial compressive pre-strain and on the amplitude of the stress cycles. However, collapse was found to occur when the accumulated average strain reaches the value at which the tube localizes under monotonic compression. A custom shell model of the tube with initial axisymmetric imperfections, coupled to a cyclic plasticity model is used to simulate successfully the series of experiments performed.
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Corral, Gonzalo, and Andrew J. Whittle. "Re-Analysis of Deep Excavation Collapse Using a Generalized Effective Stress Soil Model." In Earth Retention Conference (ER) 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41128(384)72.

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Bueno, A. H. S., B. B. Castro, and J. A. C. Ponciano. "Laboratory Evaluation of Soil Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement of API Grade Steels." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0284.

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Stress corrosion cracking is one among several corrosion processes than can occur on buried pipelines. Efforts must be made in order to prevent this form of corrosion as long as pipeline collapse can cause accidents with high economic costs associated and environmental damage. In the present work, Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of pipeline steels in contact with soil was investigated. Samples of different soils were obtained and prepared in order to determine its physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics. Slow strain rate testing were carried out by using electrolytes obtained from soil samples extracted from different points located close to buried pipelines. Stress vs. strain curves of API X46, X60 and X80 steels were obtained at different electrode potentials (Ecorr, 100mV below Ecorr and 300mV below Ecorr). The results obtained demonstrated the conjoint incidence of SCC and HE, depending on the potential imposed. These results revealed the SCC susceptibility of the steels. It was also observed that the hydrogen embrittlement — HE — has an important contribution to cracking initiation and propagation. Cracking morphology was similar to the SCC reported on field condition where transgranular cracking were detected in a pipeline collapsed by land creeping. It was important to point out that even under cathodic potentials the material showed the incidence of secondary cracking and a significant decreasing of ductility. The mechanism was similar to the one described by Parkins and coworkers to explain the incidence of stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel in near neutral soil.
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Isava, Monica, and Amos G. Winter. "A Theoretical Investigation of the Critical Timescales Needed for Digging in Dry Soil Using a Biomimetic Burrowing Robot." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47852.

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RoboClam is a bio-inspired robot that digs into underwater soil efficiently by expanding and contracting its valves to fluidize the substrate around it, thus reducing drag. This technology has potential applications in fields such as anchoring, sensor placement, and cable installation. Though there are similar potential applications in dry soil, the lack of water to advect the soil particles prevents fluidization from occurring. However, theoretically, if the RoboClam contracts quickly enough, it will achieve a zero-stress state that will allow it to dig into dry soil with very little drag, independent of depth. This paper presents a theoretical model of the two modes of soil collapse to determine how quickly a device would need to contract to achieve this zero-stress state. It was found that a contraction time of 0.02 seconds would suffice for most soils, which is an achievable timescale for a RoboClam-like device.
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Al-Obaidi, Ahmed, Mahmoud Mahmoud, Rizgar Hummadi, and Dunya Thieban. "Engineering Properties of Soil Immersed in Heavy Fuel Oil Waste." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.289.

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The power production industries often use gas turbines running on diesel oil, crude oil, or heavy fuel oil (HFO); the use of HFO in the gas power plants needs a sequence of treating processes in a particular treating unit. The HFO processes for treating produce large quantities of the wastewater due to the different treatment stages that, in most, are physical, and the resulted wastewater is called the HFO Waste. The common disposal method that majorly used in getting rid of the HFO waste is the ground pits or pools (directly on the natural soil surface) that work as large reservoirs to keep the large quantities of the outcome HFO Waste in order to re-consuming it for another utility or as a permanent disposing method. In this research, an extensive laboratory testing program was carried out to determine the effects of HFO waste on some of the geotechnical properties of different gypsum soils (slightly, moderately, and highly gypseous soil). The samples were extruded from different positions around the pool area at the Baiji Power Plant site and at different depths (1.0-3.0 m). The testing program includes basic soil properties, direct shear, compressibility, and collapsibility on natural and polluted soil samples at the same densities. The polluted samples were chosen at different saturation levels (10, 50, and 100) % respectively. The results showed an increase in the internal friction angle to its maximum value at a low degree of waste saturation, then going down, the cohesion is zero or negligible. Polluted soil had a compression index less than the compression index for non-polluted soil. The collapse potential for HFO waste flooded soils is higher than that of soils flooded with water.
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Reports on the topic "Collapse of the soil"

1

Stroup, David W., Daniel Madrzykowski, William D. Walton, and William Twilley. Structural collapse fire tests:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6959.

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Stroup, David W., Nelson P. Bryner, Jack LeeJay McElroy, Gary Roadarmel, and William H. Twilley. Structural collapse fire tests:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7094.

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Bems, Rudolfs, Robert Johnson, and Kei-Mu Yi. The Great Trade Collapse. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18632.

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Mayle, R., J. R. Wilson, and D. N. Schramm. Neutrinos from gravitational collapse. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5612991.

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Barth, Theodor, Bjørn Blikstad, Tale Næss, and Petrine Vinje. Archaeology - Collapse, bodywork, resurrection. Universitetet i Bergen KMD, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/kmd-ar.1190576.

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Jiao, Yang, and Yi Wen. Capital, Finance, and Trade Collapse. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2012.003.

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Bennett, B. I. The f electron collapse revisited. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6642120.

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Kim, Young-Joon, and Rodman Linn. Pyrocumulus Collapse. Unpredicted Wildfire Dangers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1228078.

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Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Stephanie P. Saari, Kevin L. Bjella, Seth W. Campbell, M. Torre Jorgenson, Dana R. N. Brown, and Anna K. Liljedahl. Degrading Permafrost Mapped with Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Airborne Imagery and LiDAR, and Seasonal Thaw Measurements. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41185.

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Accurate identification of the relationships between permafrost extent and landscape patterns helps develop airborne geophysical or remote sensing tools to map permafrost in remote locations or across large areas. These tools are particularly applicable in discontinuous permafrost where climate warming or disturbances such as human development or fire can lead to rapid permafrost degradation. We linked field-based geophysical, point-scale, and imagery surveying measurements to map permafrost at five fire scars on the Tanana Flats in central Alaska. Ground-based elevation surveys, seasonal thaw-depth profiles, and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were combined with airborne imagery and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to identify relationships between permafrost geomorphology and elapsed time since fire disturbance. ERT was a robust technique for mapping the presence or absence of permafrost because of the marked difference in resistivity values for frozen versus unfrozen material. There was no clear relationship between elapsed time since fire and permafrost extent at our sites. The transition zone boundaries between permafrost soils and unfrozen soils in the collapse-scar bogs at our sites had complex and unpredictable morphologies, suggesting attempts to quantify the presence or absence of permafrost using aerial measurements alone could lead to incomplete results. The results from our study indicated limitations in being able to apply airborne surveying measurements at the landscape scale toward accurately estimating permafrost extent.
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Dupor, Bill, Yi-Chan Tsai, Rong Li, and M. Saif Mehkari. The 2008 U.S. Auto Market Collapse. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2020.004.

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