Academic literature on the topic 'Collay'
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Journal articles on the topic "Collay"
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Lee, Jung-Seok, Goran Mitulović, Layla Panahipour, and Reinhard Gruber. "Proteomic Analysis of Porcine-Derived Collagen Membrane and Matrix." Materials 13, no. 22 (2020): 5187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225187.
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Collagen membranes and matrices being widely used in guided bone regeneration and soft tissue augmentation have characteristic properties based on their composition. The respective proteomic signatures have not been identified. Here, we performed a high-resolution shotgun proteomic analysis on two porcine collagen-based biomaterials designed for guided bone regeneration and soft tissue augmentation. Three lots each of a porcine-derived collagen membrane and a matrix derived from peritoneum and/or skin were digested and separated by nano-reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The peptides were subjected to mass spectrometric detection and analysis. A total of 37 proteins identified by two peptides were present in all collagen membranes and matrices, with 11 and 16 proteins being exclusively present in the membrane and matrix, respectively. The common extracellular matrix proteins include fibrillar collagens (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL2A1, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL5A3, COL11A2), non-fibrillar collagens (COL4A2, COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3, COL7A1, COL16A1, COL22A1), and leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans (DCN, LUM, BGN, PRELP, OGN). The structural proteins vimentin, actin-based microfilaments (ACTB), annexins (ANXA1, ANXA5), tubulins (TUBA1B, TUBB), and histones (H2A, H2B, H4) were also identified. Examples of membrane-only proteins are COL12A1 and COL14A1, and, of matrix only proteins, elastin (ELN). The proteomic signature thus revealed the similarities between but also some individual proteins of collagen membrane and matrix.
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Li, Zhaoxing, Zhao Liu, Zhiting Shao, et al. "Identifying multiple collagen gene family members as potential gastric cancer biomarkers using integrated bioinformatics analysis." PeerJ 8 (May 25, 2020): e9123. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9123.
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Background Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. Despite substantial developments in therapeutic strategies, the five-year survival rate remains low. Therefore, novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets involved in the progression of gastric tumors need to be identified. Methods We obtained the mRNA microarray datasets GSE65801, GSE54129 and GSE79973 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to acquire differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We used the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to analyze DEG pathways and functions, and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape to obtain the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Next, we validated the hub gene expression levels using the Oncomine database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and conducted stage expression and survival analysis. Results From the three microarray datasets, we identified nine major hub genes: COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A2, COL4A1, FN1, COL5A1, COL4A2, and COL6A3. Conclusion Our study identified COL1A1 and COL1A2 as potential gastric cancer prognostic biomarkers.
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Li, Jingyi, Nating Huang, Xun Zhang, Ci Sun, Jiarui Chen, and Qing Wei. "Changes of collagen content in lung tissues of plateau yak and its mechanism of adaptation to hypoxia." PeerJ 12 (October 1, 2024): e18250. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18250.
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Collagen is crucial for tissue structure, functional maintenance, and cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation. However, the specific changes in collagen expression and its associated genes in the lung tissues of yaks at high altitudes and their relationship with environmental adaptation remain poorly understood. Studying differences in the content of collagen fibers and gene expression between yaks at high (4,500 m) and low (2,600 m) altitudes, as well as between cattle at low altitudes (2,600 m). Using Masson staining, we found that the collagen fiber content in the lung tissues of yaks at low altitude was significantly higher compared to yaks at high altitude and cattle at the same altitude (P < 0.05). It was revealed through transcriptomic analyses that genes differentially expressed between high and low altitude yaks, as well as between low altitude yaks and cattle, were notably enriched in pathways related to cell adhesion, collagen synthesis, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interactions. Specifically, genes involved in mesenchymal collagen synthesis (e.g., COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1), basement membrane collagen synthesis (e.g., COL4A1, COL4A2, COL4A4, COL4A6), and peripheral collagen synthesis (e.g., COL5A1, COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3) were significantly upregulated in the lung tissues of yaks at low altitude compared to their high altitude counterparts and cattle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, yaks at lower altitudes exhibit increased collagen synthesis by upregulating collagen gene expression, which contributes to maintaining alveolar stability and septal flexibility. Conversely, the expression of collagen genes in yak lung tissues was down-regulated with the increase in altitude, and it was speculated that the decrease in collagen may be used to constrain the function of elastic fibers that are more abundant at high altitude, so as to enable them to adapt to the harsh environment with hypoxia and high altitude. This adaptation mechanism highlights the role of collagen in environmental acclimatization and contributes to our understanding of how altitude and species influence collagen-related physiological processes in yaks.
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Susanti, Nelly. "Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam Mata Pelajaran Biologi melalui Penerapan Model Gagnon and Collay Kelas Xi MIPA2SMAN 6 Kerinci." Jurnal Ilmiah Dikdaya 12, no. 2 (2022): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/dikdaya.v12i2.335.
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Application of Learning Model Gagnon and Colay in eye lesson Biologyon student class XI MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 6 Kerinci , where is the Gagnon and Collay Modelthisis a structured learning model based on theory constructivist who emphasizes on liveliness students , independence as well as development study team by intensive . Study this is study action class (Classroom Action Research), which consists of from four component in every cycle that is planning (planning), action (action), observation (observation), and reflection (refleck), done for know is with Application of Learning Model Gagnon and Collay results study student class XI MIPA2 Public High Schools 6 Kerinci could increase. Subject in study this is student class XI MIPA2 Public High Schools 6 yang totaling 20 people. In collecting the data, this research use test on every cycle and sheet observation. As for technique data analysis that is with technique descriptive data analysis qualitative and descriptive quantitative. Descriptive qualitative used in analyze result data observation or observation, while descriptive quantitative used for give description or take conclusion based on results test learning done on every cycle.Results analysis test results study student on every cycle show that level ability student class XI MIPA2 Public High Schools 6 Kerinci experience increas, thing this seen after Application of Learning Model Gagnon and Collay, lookon cycle I average value student as big as 60 and on cycle II an average of 84. This thing show that results study biology increase after Application of Learning Model Gagnon and Collay.
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Cardoso, Victor Menezes, Gustavo Henrique Brasil Rodrigues, Kayo Felipe Barbosa Lima, et al. "Gastric adenocarcinoma: bioinformatic analysis and its relationship to perineural invasion." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 18, no. 5 (2025): e17672. https://doi.org/10.55905/revconv.18n.5-097.
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This article aims to evaluate some important molecular aspects of gastric adenocarcinoma (STAD), and to evaluate its relationship with Schwann cells and other factors associated with perineural invasion. It is an analysis of open access genomic and proteomic data. Our study allowed us to identify differentially expressed genes in STAD, 1382 increased genes and 1490 decreased genes. These genes are associated with a total of 66 altered pathways, of which we selected 7 for further analysis (“PI3K-Akt”, “cytochrome P450 drug metabolism”, “renin secretion”, “renin-angiotensin system”, “PPAR”, “circadian entrainment”, and “neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction”). Of these pathways, 58 genes with an impact on survival were identified, with a negative impact on survival: COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL5A3, COL6A3, ITGA11, ALDH3A1 and ALDH3B2. Other genes were also evaluated for survival and mutations. We identified frequent alterations in the SMAD4, CDH1 and MSH6 genes associated with some syndromes that have an increased risk for the development of gastric cancer. The evaluation of Schwann and STAD cells identified 47 increased and 85 decreased. These genes resulted in 3 significantly altered pathways, however with a small number of genes involved. We identified some genes related to perineural invasion that were reported in the literature, such as the NTN1 and SLIT2 genes, which revealed little evidence of perineural invasion, but evidence of dedifferentiation of Schwann cells in STAD.
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Molano Tobar, Nancy Janneth, Alejandra Rocio Rodriguez Ortiz, and Felipe García Vallejo. "Differential expression of genes associated with sports injuries." International Journal of Molecular Biology Open Access 5, no. 4 (2020): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2020.05.00142.
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Candidate gene studies in sports injuries pose a valid new approach to investigate the genetic basis of these. In this context, our objective was to analyze the differential expression and interaction of genes associated with sports injuries using a bio informatic approach. For this study, we analyzed 31 genes associated with sports injuries previously reported in the literature. Expression analysis was performed using the Z-ratio and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed in STRING 10.0. The GO categories associated with outstanding biological processes in the network were also taken from STRING 10.0. The expression network obtained allowed establishing three clusters with a significant number of interactions, the highest interactions were found in the genes COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL6A1 and COL5A1. According to the Z-ratio, the most over expressed genes were ITGB6 (z-ratio 4.32), COL1A2 (z-ratio 4.07), COL6A2 (z-ratio 3.99) and TIMM17A. In conclusion, the over-expression of genes is presented, which according to the current literature has been analyzed very little, from the sports field associated with sports injuries, a fact that merits further research. Also, we highlight the importance of bioinformatics as a complementary tool to the analysis of sports genomic data.
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Wang, Shuoshan, Xiansheng Yang, Chang Liu, et al. "Identification of key genes associated with poor prognosis and neoplasm staging in gastric cancer." Medicine 102, no. 40 (2023): e35111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000035111.
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Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is highly biologically and genetically heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis. Increasing evidence indicates that biomarkers can serve as prediction and clinical intervention. Therefore, it is vital to identify core molecules and pathways participating in the development of GC. Methods: In this study, GSE54129, GSE56807, GSE63089, and GSE118916 were used for identified overlapped 75 DEGs. GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed DEGs mainly enriched in biological process about collagen-containing extracellular matrix and collagen metabolic. Next, protein-protein interaction network was built and the hub gene was excavated. Clinicopathological features and prognostic value were also evaluated. Results: Hub genes were shown as below, FN1, COL1A2, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL6A3, COL5A2, SPARC, PDGFRB, COL12A1. Those genes were upregulation in GC and related to the poor prognosis (except COL5A2, P = .73). What is more, high expression indicated worse T stage and tumor, node, metastasis stage in GC patients. Later, the results of 25 GC tumor specimens and 34 normal tissues showed that FN1, COL3A1, COL4A1, SPARC, COL5A2, and COL12A1 were significantly upregulated in cancer samples. Conclusion: Our study systematically explored the core genes and crucial pathways in GC, providing insights into clinical management and individual treatment.
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Pedro, A. Carretero Poblete. "A propósito de un sitio arqueológico puruhá del periodo Formativo Tardío en el cerro Collay de Yaruquíes (Riobamba, Ecuador)." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 44 (December 26, 2019): 66–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3595481.
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Con este breve aporte se realizan unas consideraciones sobre un reciente estudio publicado por Beckwith, entre 2018 y 2019, sobre el cerro Collay de Yaruquíes (Riobamba, Ecuador) que obvia los estudios que ya se realizaron en 2016 en dicho cerro, publicados en 2017, acerca de su adscripción al Formativo Tardío de Ecuador. ENGLISH: About the Puruha Archaeological Site of the Late Formative Period in the Collay de Yaruquies Hill (Riobamba, Ecuador). With this brief contribution, some considerations are made about a recent study published by Beckwith, between 2018 and 2019, on the Collay of Yaruquies hill (Riobamba, Ecuador) which ignores the studies that were already carried out in 2016 in the aforementioned hill, published in 2017, about its ascription to the Late Formative of Ecuador.
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Pedro, A. Carretero Poblete, and M. Samaniego Erazo William. "Prospección arqueológica en el sitio Puruhá de Collay, Riobamba, Ecuador." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 33 (February 11, 2017): 18–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1319093.
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Durante el año 2016 realizamos prospecciones arqueológicas en el cerro Collay de Riobamba, Ecuador. Entre el material recuperado, destaca la cerámica de los estilos Puruhá, Cañari y Costeña, pertenecientes a las fases finales del Formativo Tardío (<em>ca.</em> 800 a. C.) e inicios del periodo de Desarrollo Regional (<em>ca.</em> 500 d. C.). La cerámica recuperada en el cerro Collay sugiere la presencia de un importante centro Puruhá, muy próximo a la llanura de Tapi, con importantes conexiones con los Cañari de la Sierra Centro del Ecuador. ENGLISH: Archaeological Survey at the Site of Puruha Collay, Riobamba, Ecuador. In 2016, we carried out archaeological surveys on the Collay mountain of Riobamba, Ecuador. Among the recovered materials, there are Puruhá, Cañari and Costeño style pottery, all belonging to the end of the Late Formative Period (ca. 800 BC) and the Regional Development Period (ca. 500 AD). The discovery of these ceramic styles suggests the presence of an important Puruhá settlement, very near the Llanura de Tapi, that maintained important connections with the Cañari of Ecuador´s central highland region.
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Novaretti, João Victor, Diego Costa Astur, Davi Casadio, et al. "Higher Gene Expression of Healing Factors in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Remnant in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 7 (2018): 1583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518760577.
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Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with remnant preservation has been described and related to potential advantages. Literature is lacking regarding gene expression of potential factors related to ligament healing in the ACL remnant and its relation to time from injury. Hypothesis: The mRNA expression of ligament healing factors in the ACL remnant would be higher in acute tears (<3 months from injury) than in intermediate (3-12 months) and chronic (>12 months) injuries. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Gene expression of 21 genes related to ligament healing factors was analyzed in 46 ACL remnants biopsied during surgical reconstruction with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Specimens were divided into 3 groups according to time from injury: acute (<3 months from injury; n = 19), intermediate (3-12 months; n = 12), and chronic (>12 months; n = 15). Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation was performed by analysis of hematoxylin and eosin, CD-34, and S-100 staining. Results: Expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL12A1, LOX, PLOD1, and TNC genes in ACL remnant was greater in acute compared with chronic injuries. COL1A1, COL5A1, COL12A1, and TNC genes were also expressed more in the acute group compared with the intermediate group. Furthermore, expression of the genes COL1A1 and COL5A2 was significantly higher in female than in male patients. No difference in the number of blood vessels and mechanoreceptors among groups was observed in the microscopic evaluation. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that expression of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL12A1, LOX, PLOD1, and TNC genes in ACL remnant is greater in acute (<3 months from injury) compared with chronic (>12 months) injuries. Furthermore, COL1A1, COL5A1, COL12A1, and TNC genes were expressed more in the acute group compared with the intermediate group (3-12 months from injury). Clinical Relevance: ACL reconstructions with remnant preservation should be performed in patients with acute injuries, as in these cases the ACL remnant may present the greatest healing potential.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Collay"
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Murray, Lydia Soraya. "Dissecting the mechanisms of disease of COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5143/.
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The best characterised collagen IV disease is Alport syndrome, caused by α3.α4.α5(IV) mutations. Mutations affecting α1(IV)2α2(IV) can cause diseases, such as haemorrhagic stroke, aneurysm, haematuria, proteinuria, cataracts, vascular tortuosity and iris hypoplasia. Recent data has shown that α and COL4A2 mutations may be more common in the population than previously anticipated. However, the mechanisms of disease of all collagen IV mutations are poorly understood. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the disease mechanism in a selection of COL4A1, COL4A2 and COL4A5 mutations. Collagen IV is folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) then secreted to provide the major structural component of the basement membrane (BM). As such, a combination of ex situ biopsies, in vitro cell cultures and an in vivo mouse model provided an excellent platform for investigating the intracellular and extracellular effects of mutant trimers. Primary dermal fibroblasts containing COL4A2 and COL4A5 mutations, and a Col4a1 mouse model were treated with the FDA approved chemical chaperone phenyl-4-butyric acid (PBA) to determine its effects on intracellular ER retention of trimers (which can activate ER stress), extracellular trimer incorporation into the BM, and disease phenotypes. In vitro and ex situ investigation of a COL4A2 mutation suggested that intracellular α1(IV)2α2(IV) accumulation and ER stress associated with severe BM defects and the disease. Intracellular accumulation and ER stress were reduced by PBA treatment, and treatment of a Col4a1 mouse model displayed elevated α1(IV)2α2(IV) incorporation onto the BM. In vivo PBA treatment did not exacerbate any defects, rescued some disease phenotypes, and had no effect on others. In addition, one of five COL4A5 mutations analysed in vitro displayed intracellular α3.α4.α5(IV) accumulation and ER stress that were ameliorated by PBA. Collectively these data suggest that ER stress and/or reduced α1(IV)2α2(IV) BM incorporation underlie some collagen IV pathologies, and provide novel evidence that they may be amenable to chemical chaperone therapy. More investigation is now needed to further dissect the relative contributions of ER stress and BM defects to collagen IV diseases.
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Turner, Adam. "Functional Interrogation of the COL4A1/COL4A2 and SMAD3 Coronary Artery Disease Loci." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35248.
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide caused by a complex array of environmental and genetic factors. In recent years, the CARDIoGRAM Consortium has identified dozens of novel CAD-associated loci, including COL4A1/COL4A2 and SMAD3. The goals of this project were two-fold. First, to identify functional CAD-associated SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) at these loci and investigate how these common polymorphisms alter CAD risk. Second, to determine if the COL4A1/COL4A2 and SMAD3 loci display both biological interaction and statistical interaction in the context of atherosclerosis. COL4A1 and COL4A2 are critical components of vascular basement membranes and have many additional roles in the vessel wall. SMAD3 is a transcription factor that is a key mediator in the canonical TGFβ signaling pathway. In the first section of this thesis, I show that COL4A1/COL4A2 and SMAD3 display biological interaction in that the TGFβ-mediated upregulation of COL4A1 and COL4A2 is dependent on SMAD3. Furthermore, we were able to identify a COL4A2-SMAD3 SNP pair that displayed a highly significant statistical interaction for CAD association, highlighting that perturbations of the SMAD3/type IV collagen signaling axis contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The second section details the characterization of a novel functional CAD-associated SNP at the SMAD3 locus. The rs17293632 SNP, highly linked to the rs56062135 index SNP reported by CARDIoGRAM, disrupts a conserved AP-1 binding site in intron 1 of the SMAD3 gene. rs17293632 lies within a strong enhancer in many cell types, including arterial smooth muscle cells. The minor, protective allele (T) at rs17293632 disrupts binding of AP-1 proteins, lowers the activity of this enhancer and lowers SMAD3 mRNA levels in humans in both whole blood and carotid plaque tissue. Altogether, AP-1 regulation of SMAD3 enhancer activity suggests a novel regulatory mechanism relevant to the pathogenesis of CAD. The third section summarizes efforts to characterize the mechanisms whereby the independent rs4773144 and rs9515203 SNPs at the COL4A1/COL4A2 locus associate highly with CAD. We were unable to identify causal SNPs at the COL4A1/COL4A2 locus, highlighting the challenges of post-GWAS characterization of some CAD-associated loci. The experiments with SNPs at COL4A1/COL4A2 demonstrate the challenges in defining mechanisms whereby noncoding DNA variants can lead to common disease.
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Pihlajamaa, T. (Tero). "New tools for the study of an old collagen:characterization of the human COL9A1, COL9A2 and COL9A3 genes and production of human type IX collagen as a recombinant protein." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514257359.
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Abstract
Type IX collagen is a quantitatively minor component of cartilage collagen
fibrils. Although a few mutations have been associated with multiple
epiphyseal dysplasia, recent evidence suggests involvement of type
IX collagen in a wider spectrum of phenotypes. The functional role of
this molecule remains undetermined, in part due to difficulties
in obtaining high amounts of intact protein.
To facilitate more efficient mutation screening and comparison
of the genomic organization of the human genes encoding the α1(IX), α2(IX) and α3(IX)
polypeptides, their genomic structures were characterized. Complete
nucleotide sequences were determined for the COL9A2 and COL9A3 genes
along with sequences for all the exon boundaries in the COL9A1 gene.
Putative transcription control elements were identified and the
alternative promoter region was characterized in the human and mouse
COL9A1 genes. Mutation screening was performed for the COL9A3 gene
and two apparently neutral 9-bp deletions within the COL1 domain
were identified. These are the first deletions within a triple-helical
domain of any collagen that are not associated with a disease phenotype.
An insect cell expression system with an exogenous source of
prolyl 4-hydroxylase was used to produce heterotrimeric human type
IX collagen. The recombinant protein consisted of the three a chains
in a 1:1:1 ratio and showed correct folding and high thermal stability.
Up to 10 mg of secreted protein could be purified from a litre of
culture medium. The expression system was used to analyze the chain
association of type IX collagen in cellulo.
Although the chains are capable of homotrimerization, a preference
for heterotrimer formation was noted.The neutral deletion was characterized
further using the insect cell system. Mutant α3(IX) chains
carrying a deletion of one Gly-X-Y triplet were shown to form correctly
folded heterotrimers with the wild-type α1(IX) and α2(IX)
chains. The results suggest a function for the NC2 domain in neutralizing the
effect of the deletion.
This work provides a novel means for the analysis of type
IX collagen mutations and their protein-level effects, and should enable
future studies to be made of the structure-function relationship
in type IX collagen.
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Kortteinen, Pirkko. "Type IV collagen : regulation of COL4A1 and COL4A2 genes and gene therapy of alport syndrome /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3490-8/.
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Grigorova, Fialka. "Characterization of the Role Nuclear Bmp2 (nBmp2) Plays in Regulating Gene Expression." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3196.
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The nBmp2 protein was first identified in a DNA affinity chromatography/mass spectrometry screen designed to detect proteins that interact with a cartilage-specific enhancer element (called D/E) from the type XI collagen gene Col11a2. The transcription factor SOX9, a protein from the Sox (SRY-related HMG box) family, binds to and activates gene expression from this enhancer. nBmp2 has no transcriptional activity of its own on this enhancer, but when co-transfected with SOX9 it increases SOX9's activation of D/E nearly 2-fold. SOX9 also activates cartilage-specific enhancer elements from the Col2a1, Col27a1, and Col9a1 genes. The purpose of this project was to determine 1) whether nBmp2 similarly effects SOX9-dependent expression from these enhancers, and 2) whether it does so by binding (either directly or indirectly) to the Col2a1, Col27a1, and Col9a1 enhancers. The work described in this thesis has shown that nBmp2 increases luciferase levels produced from three enhancer/reporter plasmids, but it does so without binding directly to the enhancers. This work has opened up a new area of exploration into the function of the novel protein nBmp2 to examine its potential effects on a variety of different gene regulatory processes.
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SILVA, D. A. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO de Mutações da Osteogênese imperfeita em Pacientes do Espírito Santo: Estudo Dos genes Ifitm5, Col1a1 e Col1a2." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7117.
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Previous issue date: 2018-02-27<br>A Osteogênese Imperfeita (OI) é uma doença que ocorre devido à desordem generalizada do tecido conjuntivo causando principalmente fragilidade óssea. Essa desordem, na maioria das vezes, é causada por mutações nos genes produtores das cadeias do colágeno tipo I, COL1A1 ou COL1A2, embora mutações em novos genes envolvidos na via do metabolismo ósseo têm sido constantemente descobertas. Atualmente, existem 17 genes relacionados com esta doença. Um deles é o gene IFITM5, ainda pouco caracterizado na maioria das populações. Por possuir vários genes causadores de OI, o Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), uma técnica de sequenciamento em larga escala, tem sido amplamente utilizada. Contudo, as mutações identificadas por NGS precisam ser validadas para dar confiabilidade aos resultados. Assim, este trabalhou visou identificar mutações no gene IFITM5 e validar mutações identificadas por NGS nos genes COL1A1 e COL1A2 para caracterizar o padrão de mutações nestes genes em pacientes do Espírito Santo. Este estudo contou com uma amostra inicial de 31 pacientes que foram previamente analisados para outros genes. Desta amostra, 8 indivíduos que apresentaram resultados moleculares inconclusivos foram estudados para o gene IFITM5. Foi detectada a presença da mutação c.-14C>T em um paciente. Esta mutação ocorre na região 5-UTR do gene e é recorrente em várias populações do mundo. A validação de mutações foi realizada em 16 indivíduos que apresentaram alterações genéticas nos genes COL1A1 ou COL1A2 detectadas por NGS. Apenas uma das sequências identificadas por NGS não foi validada. Este estudo confirmou que mutações no gene COL1A1 e COL1A2 são encontradas, em aproximadamente 75% dos pacientes, enquanto que no gene IFITM5 são encontradas mutações em, aproximadamente, 3% dos pacientes com OI do Espírito Santo. Esses resultados poderão auxiliar no desenvolvimento de estratégias de diagnóstico molecular mais eficientes para esta doença.
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Bethune, Richard Alan. "Profiling white-collar criminals : what is white-collar crime, who perpetrates it and why?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10609.
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Following a period of resurgence in academic interest in the subject over the last 30-40 years, white-collar crime has found greater prominence within criminology. Efforts over this period have however failed to produce a single satisfactory and agreed-upon definition, a consistent and coherent body of research, and a single theory which can account for all forms of white-collar crime. This thesis aims to address certain shortcomings in the current state of white-collar crime theory and understanding. Part 1) addresses the issues of both conceptual definition of white-collar crime and specific behaviours as proscribed within the Legislation. Part 2) examines current criminological theory and research on individual differences (arguably the biggest gap in current knowledge in the area of white-collar crime); it examines the origins and current state of offender profiling in crime prevention, before Part 3) presents original research on establishing offence-specific white-collar criminal profiles based on demographic, sociological, psychological, organisational and motivational factors. Part 4) examines why certain individuals may perpetrate certain crimes in certain situations, beginning with a review of those few white-collar crime specific theories that do exist, before reviewing traditional sociological theories and attempting to apply them to white-collar crime; finally in Part 5) a new conceptual framework for white-collar crime is presented, which is referred to as the theory of ‘Differential Assimilation’. I bring together each of these chapters and situate the thesis within current research and literature, summarising how it engages and contributes to the field of white-collar crime. I include suggestions for the practical application of certain white-collar crime prevention techniques within organisations.
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Olid, Rodríguez Christian Ignacio. "Blue-Collar crime and finance." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151527.
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Na, Bin. "Fluage des colles polyuréthanes monocomposant pour collage du bois vert." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10127.
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Fluage et fluage dépendant de la température caractérisent les polyuréthanes monocomposants pour le collage structural du bois vert. L’essai des meilleures colles polyuréthanes pour le bois on montre que le fluage à température ambiante est limité mais que le fluage dépendant de la température est importante. Les paramètres des adhésifs commerciaux qui minimisent ou maximisent ce type de fluage ont été identifies. Le travail présente la corrélation de la structure des adhésifs, leur fluage et leur fluage dépendent de la température pour applications structurelles. Ce travail a conduit à l’établissement des principes de formulation et reformulations de adhésifs sans fluage ou avec un fluage minimal. Les principes de base des structures qui influencent le fluage dépendant de la température ont été identifies et discutes<br>Creep and temperature-dependent creep, characteristic of one component polyurethane adhesives for green structural wood glueing such as glulam are two different parameters. Testing of the best standards-approved commercial polyurethane adhesive for this purpose showed that while ambient temperature creep is limited this is not the case for temperature-dependent creep. The commercial adhesives characteristics that minimize or enhance ambient temperature and temperature-dependent creep were identified. The work encompass the correlation of structure, creep and temperature-dependent creep for polyurethanes for structural wood application. This was done to establish basic principles in order to formulate and to reformulate the existing “creeping” formulations so that the problem can be eliminated or at least minimized. Basic principles on the structure of simple polyurethane adhesives influencing temperature-dependent creep were also identified and discussed
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Feesey, Terrence James. "An investigation of variables influencing the experience of unemployment for blue collar and white collar workers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26811.
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This study was designed to probe the experience of white collar unemployment. Some research results suggest that white collar people have an easier time with unemployment than do blue collar people while other findings suggest the contrary. A questionnaire format instrument was designed to record self-reported changes of an affective and behavioural nature in a sample of 66 white collar and 24 blue collar unemployed adults.
It was hypothesized that on the whole, the blue collar sample would report a more difficult response to unemployment than the white collar sample. It was further hypothesized that after an unspecified period of time the unemployed white collar sample would become passive and depressed.
Twelve variables focusing on learned helplessness, self-esteem, depression, locus of control, social interaction, time structure, personal meaning and perceived measures of health and finances were recorded and intercorrelated in this relationship study. Correlation matrices were constructed for the general sample, the white collar and the blue collar sub-samples. Reliability and validity coefficients of the instrument were calculated on each variable and were found to be acceptable for the purpose of this study. The relationships among the variables supported the notion that generally, the people in the blue collar unemployed sample experienced more difficulty with unemployment than did those people in the white collar sample. The white collar sample subjects did not, however, show a significant disposition toward passivity and depression as a function of time. Instead, the data suggested the presence of a second white collar subgroup who appeared to be experiencing great personal difficulties regardless of the duration of their unemployment. It was suggested that the appearance of a bi-modal white collar sample was the result of the sampling technique, and further that these results may reflect the state of the real world. This position is offered as a possible justification for the contradictory white collar unemployment findings in the past.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of<br>Graduate
Books on the topic "Collay"
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Marco, Meneguzzo, and Fonte d'abisso arte (Gallery : Milan, Italy), eds. Ettore Colla. Silvana, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Collay"
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Abbasi, Adeel, Francis DeRoos, José Artur Paiva, et al. "C-Collar." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_3056.
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Niederhoff, Burkhard. "Cibber, Colley." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL). J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_8228-1.
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Krafsur, E. S., R. D. Moon, R. Albajes, et al. "Flea Collar." In Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_5041.
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McGowan, Ian. "Colley Cibber." In The Restoration and Eighteenth Century. Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20143-3_12.
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Snowman, Daniel. "Linda Colley." In Historians. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-59997-0_18.
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Meng, Qing Yao, and Lingling Hou. "An Airbag Cold Collar’s Design and Performance Evaluation." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230976.
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An airbag cold collar’s design and performance evaluation. To satisfy the many demands of collars when people live in diverse situations, a novel airbag collar was designed based on the idea of inflated airbags that can be altered in form based on the needs of the environment and the physical features of one’s neck. First, the fabric’s performance is evaluated using the positive cup technique and the trouser type specimen test. Second, based on real-life wearing studies, the novel airbag cold collar is compared to current cold collars, and the garment’s warmth performance and comfort in cold situations are evaluated by analyzing subjective emotions. The experimental results show that the new airbag collar fabric can meet the needs of daily clothing; and when inflated, it can achieve a certain warmth and windproof effect; however, there are some shortcomings when compared to the old cold collar, but the new airbag collar has sufficient batch production capabilities, functional and environmental advantages.
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Taştan, Seçil. "White-Collar Criminals and Organizational Criminology." In Advances in Library and Information Science. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6310-5.ch016.
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From a multidisciplinary view, this chapter presents a conceptualization of white-collar criminality and enables understanding the psychological, organizational, and situational motives behind white-collar crimes. This chapter is noteworthy for integrating environmental, psychological, and situational factors influencing the white-collars to engage in crimes in organizations. Specifically, in the study, organization-based situational variables such as perceived ethical climate and opportunities for rule bending are examined among potential antecedents of white-collar crimes. This study enhances organizations to recognize their code of conducts and ethical climate aspects and helps to understand the causes of rule bending and criminal behaviors among white-collars. Further, the chapter provides implications for the practice and the academics regarding the importance of developing effective business ethics codes, prevention issues, and creating a strong ethical climate.
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"Alport Syndrome: Public Education." In Alport Syndrome. Exon Publications, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36255/alport-syndrome-public-education.
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Alport Syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the kidneys, ears, and eyes, leading to progressive kidney disease, hearing loss, and vision problems. This comprehensive article explains the condition in detail, covering its causes, symptoms, and genetic basis. The disease is caused by mutations in the COL4A3, COL4A4, or COL4A5 genes, which affect collagen proteins essential for the structural integrity of the kidneys and other tissues. The book also explores diagnostic methods, treatment options such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and lifestyle adaptations to manage the disease. Written for patients, families, and caregivers, the guide offers practical advice and reliable information to support those living with Alport Syndrome.
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"collar." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_33158.
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"collar." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_33159.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Collay"
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Kopecki, D. S. "Effects of Residual Stress on Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Non-Macnetic Drill Collars." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86161.
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Abstract Non-magnetic drill collars (NMDC’s) are known to crack, especially when used in drilling fluids with a high concentration of chlorides. The cause is stress corrosion cracking driven by residual tensile stresses on the collar I.D. Residual stress measurements and subsequent stress corrosion tests show that generally chrome-manganese (Cr-Mn) austenitic stainless steel NMDC’s have greater residual hoop tensile stress on the I.D. than the material can tolerate in chloride bearing drilling fluids. These data are presented. A realistic solution is to specify controlled residual stresses for Cr-Mn collars, since Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steel is the most economical material for NMDC’s. A number of such NMDC’s are in service and their performance is briefly presented and discussed.
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Collins, Anthony L. "Corrosion Resistance of Non-Magnetic Drill Collars." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01344.
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Abstract Non-Magnetic drill collars have been developed to meet requirements of magnetic permeability, strength and galling resistance. Until recently, corrosion resistance has been treated as a secondary consideration. This paper describes recent developments in corrosion resistance in these applications, and the results of comparative testing, using Critical Pitting Temperature testing. Corrosion resistance generally correlates well with chemistry, and the CPT identifies exceptional cases quite clearly. Recent developments in drill collar materials have markedly improved their corrosion resistance.
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Collins, Tony, Adam Well, and Thomas Williams. "Flow Forming as a Manufacturing Technique for Building Critical Pressure Housings: Considerations and Case Study." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-14856.
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Abstract Flow forming is a cold-work process that reduces the wall thickness of a tubular by forming it over a mandrel. This enables efficient production of tubulars and can be used to increase the strength of the material via cold working. Though the flow forming process is straightforward, the alloy chemistry, microstructural cleanliness, cold reduction, residual stress orientation, and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of the finished tubulars must be considered. Also, flow formers have reported issues related to the formation of defects at cold work levels well below the alloy’s ductility limits. Re-melted austenitic stainless steels, developed for use as drill collars, can alleviate problems caused by the higher inclusion content in air-melted grades and enable higher reduction ratios. These alloys are typically strengthened via a warm-work forging process that can put alloys at risk of forming chromium-rich precipitates at grain boundaries that reduce the material’s pitting resistance. Strengthening by flow forming solution-annealed-and-quenched material avoids this issue. However, residual stress orientation in the cold worked tubing must also be considered. A case study is presented in which flow formed pressure housings made from a re-melted drill collar alloy cracked unexpectedly during field service. Residual stress measurements were made to confirm that the root cause of the cracks was stress corrosion cracking promoted by a tensile residual stress at the surface contacted by chloride-rich drilling fluids. Results from ASTM E827 testing were compared with C-ring and strip cutting methods to confirm the presence of tensile residual stress and demonstrate the usefulness of the simple residual stress orientation tests for screening flow-formed tubing.
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Kere, Kiswendsida Jules, and Qindan Huang. "Development of Probabilistic Models of Defect Interaction Identification and Failure Pressure for Pipelines with Colony of Corrosion Defects." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19404.
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Abstract The interaction of defects in a defect colony has a higher pipeline failure risk than the case when such interaction is not considered. The goal of this study is to develop probabilistic interaction rule and predictive failure pressure model for pipelines with colony of corrosion defects. The proposed interaction rule is developed based on the logistic regression algorithm by considering pipe properties and colony configurations as the independent variables. A performance comparison with the existing interaction rules shows that the proposed interaction rule has the most accurate predictions. The failure pressure prediction model is developed by adding a correction factor to the Mixed-Type Interaction (MTI) method; and the correction factor is modeled using a multivariate linear regression using the pipe properties and adjacent defects characteristics as the independent variables. It is found that the proposed model provides unbiased and more accurate predictions. The results of the reliability analysis of an example pipeline with colony defects show that the interaction effect on the failure prediction plays a critical role in the structural performance of pipelines.
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Manodoro, Simona, and Francesca Manodoro. "Preface: 2nd COL4A1-A2 International Conference." In COL4A1-A2. MDPI, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2025120001.
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Kang, Kyungdae. "Dynamic Model Development and Analysis of Multiple Rotors Coupled With Thrust Collars." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76392.
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The core model of integrally geared centrifugal compressor/expander equipped with thrust collars is developed using finite element model. Each rotor model is coupled through the equivalent stiffness due to thrust collar and the gear web. Subsynchronous vibration caused by the transmitted frequency components from other shafts is analyzed through forced vibration analysis. Unlike conventional frequency response function (FRF), directional FRF technique is adopted because rotordynamic analysis requires that forward and backward mode responses should be identified according to the rotational force direction exerted on the rotor. Previous analysis results utilizing 3D FE model of geared rotors equipped with thrust collars revealed that transmitted vibration level is mostly affected by thrust collars, rather than gear tooth. The rotordynamic model developed in this paper ensures reliability and efficiency in the multi-rotor design equipped with thrust collars providing a systematic way to analyze the multi-rotor vibration responses due to the transmitted forces from one shaft to the other.
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Nguyen, H. P., C. M. Wang, R. Tullberg, X. Zhang, and B. von Herzen. "Hydroelastic Analysis of Submersible Circular Seaweed Platform." In ASME 2023 42nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2023-100857.
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Abstract This paper presents hydroelastic analysis of a novel submersible circular platform for farming red seaweeds such as Gracilaria dura, Kappahycus alvarezii and Eucheuma. The platform comprises a circular HDPE collar, a system of mooring lines and buoys, and seaweed tube nets. The platform can be submerged during storms to avoid strong surface wave action by filling the collars’ compartments with water and be raised to the surface by injecting compressed air into the collars’ compartments to displace the water. The platform is modelled by using the software AquaSim, where the collar is modelled by using beam elements, and mooring lines are modelled as truss elements. The wave load acting on the platform is estimated by using the Morison equation. Hydroelastic responses of the platform in the floating and submerged modes are investigated. It is found that seaweed tube nets may increase mooring forces significantly and hence the drag forces due to the tube nets cannot be neglected. In addition, by submerging the seaweed platform to an appropriate depth, the deformation of the platform, the von Mises stress and mooring line forces can be reduced considerably as demonstrated herein. Future studies will focus on physical model tests to confirm these findings obtained from numerical simulations.
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Tang, Hung-Jie, and Ray-Yeng Yang. "Hydrodynamic Behaviors of Aquaculture Net Cages After the Successive Mooring Lines Failure." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62253.
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Abstract This paper aims to study the successive mooring line failure (also known as the domino effect) and the collision between floating collars for aquaculture net cages subjected to currents. The numerical model of this study is developed based on the Morison equation and the lumped-mass scheme in the time domain. This model is then applied to see if the domino effect of moorings will happen after releasing the anchor point #1 on the upstream side. In this study, we adopt four different current speeds (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 m/s) and three different safety factors (SF, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) settings to calculate the number of mooring failures, and to see whether it will cause floating collars collision. The results show that in the case of the SF is 2.0, the domino effect will not be triggered, and the floating collar collision will not occur. When the SF is 1.5, and the current speed is up to 1.0 m/s or higher, only the two anchor points on the upstream side will fail and no collision will occur. However, if the SF is not considered (that is, 1.0), the domino effect will occur under all the four current speeds, and the floating collar collision will all occur. Therefore, we suggest that in order to avoid the domino effect of the mooring system of aquaculture net cages from currents, the SF of the mooring system design must be at least 2 times.
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de Sousa, Jose´ Renato M., Carlos Magluta, Ney Roitman, Gilberto B. Ellwanger, Edison C. P. Lima, and Arnaldo Papaleo. "Analysis of the Response of Flexible Risers to the Loads Imposed by Hydraulic Collars." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37039.
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Despite being largely used to install flexible risers, neither the loads imposed by hydraulic collars nor the response of the flexible riser to these loads have been previously studied. Hence, this paper aims at presenting a finite element (FE) model to calculate not only the loads imposed by a typical hydraulic collar to a flexible riser, but also the response of this structure to the imposed loads. A 9,5” flexible riser is analyzed and the obtained results are compared to the ones from experimental tests carried out by PETROBRAS and COPPE/UFRJ.
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Ewing, Cameron. "Development of Stress Intensification Factors for Collared Type Piping Joints." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21255.
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Abstract Stress Intensification Factors or SIFs allow piping to be analyzed using beam theory, with a SIF representing local effects of specific piping geometry. However, the current piping codes do not explicitly provide SIFs for collared type piping joints for use in pipe stress calculations. The objective of this paper is to describe the methodology on how a finite element analysis (FEA) was to model the behavior of collared joints, and to ultimately develop appropriate SIFs that can be used in pipe stress analyses. This paper describes a real-life analysis example on collared joints installed on a set of existing fuel transfer lines. The lines, which ranged in size from DN200 to DN350, were concrete lined carbon steel with the collars fillet welded to the carbon steel section of the piping. Test coupons cut from existing pipe-collar sections were tested in a laboratory to determine the forces required to break the collar welds. Using FEA, the same test coupons were modelled to replicate the failure tests. Multiple iterations were undertaken to determine an appropriate bi-linear stress-strain curve fit for the weld material. The curves of different weld electrode materials were considered. The curve which lead to results similar to those observed in physical testing was selected. From this, a failure stress across the weld could be determined. This stress, 435MPa was then used in subsequent models to determine the point at which the weld fails under bending loads. Multiple tests were analyzed to allow for possible effects of inclusions and voids. Finite element models of the collar geometries were constructed and non-linear analyses were undertaken using the weld strengths determined from the coupon testing data. A simple cantilever type arrangement with a point load at one end was analyzed, inducing a bending moment across the collar. The peak stress resulting from the bending moment across the collar weld at the center of the cantilevered pipe arrangement, was investigated across various pipe diameters, wall thicknesses, weld sizes and collar geometries. Based on the results, a relationship between the pipe geometry and SIF was developed. Hence a pipe stress model of the transfer lines could ultimately be developed using these SIFs to predict the behavior of the piping.
Reports on the topic "Collay"
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Menlove, Howard Olsen, William H. Geist, Margaret A. Root, and Sarah Elizabeth Sarnoski. Experimental Evaluation of the Fast-Neutron Passive Collar (FNPC) Performance and Comparison with Scintillation Based Collars. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1578024.
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Hu, Jianwei, Stephen Croft, and Robert Dennis McElroy. Boron-Coated Straw Collar for Uranium Neutron Coincidence Collar Replacement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1339397.
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Dixon, Marvin W., and Joseph B. Long. Automated Shirt Collar Manufacturing. Volume 2. Collar Band Folding and Fixing. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada267967.
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Prasad, M. K., D. Shumaker, N. Snyderman, J. Verbeke, and J. Wong. Prototype Stilbene Neutron Collar. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1333398.
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Paul, F. W. Robot Assisted Material Handling for Shirt Collar Manufacturing - Automated Shirt Collar Manufacturing. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada268284.
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Prasad, Manoj K., Phil Kerr, Steven Sheets, Dan Shumaker, Jerome M. Verbeke, and James L. Wong. Prototype Stilbene Neutron Collar II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1470703.
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Geist, William H., Daniela Henzlova, and Howard Olsen Menlove. Boron-lined parallel-plate Collar. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1329605.
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Dillender, Marcus, and Eliza Forsythe. Computerization of White Collar Jobs. W.E. Upjohn Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp19-310.
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Bernales, Alejandro, Diether W. Beuermann, Douglas Cumming, and Christian Olid. Blue-Collar Crime and Finance. Inter-American Development Bank, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001745.
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Dillender, Marcus, and Eliza Forsythe. Computerization of White Collar Jobs. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29866.
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