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1
Priestley, M. B., and D. R. Brillinger. "The Collected Works of John W. Tukey. Volume 1: Time Series, 1949-1964." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General) 148, no. 3 (1985): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2981973.
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Mamo, M., J. A. E. Molina, C. J. Rosen, and T. R. Halbach. "Nitrogen and carbon mineralization in soil amended with municipal solid waste compost." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s98-065.
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) compost contains large amounts of organic matter that can be beneficial to soil. The objectives of this study were to measure N mineralization and acid hydrolyzable N in soil amended with MSW compost and correlate corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield with acid hydrolyzable N. The soil, an Orthic Black Chernozem (Entic Hapludoll) cropped to corn, was amended with composts at either 90 dry Mg ha−1 yr−1 from 1993 to 1995, or at 270 dry Mg ha−1 in one application in 1993. Soil samples were collected in the fall of 1994 and 1995 to measure C and N mineralization and acid hydrolyzable N. Potentially mineralizable N was estimated with the NCSOIL model after using C and N mineralization observed in the laboratory to calibrate the model. Net N immobilization occurred in compost-amended soils collected in 1994 with less than 0.2% of the total soil N mineralized in the compost treatments. In 1995, there was net mineralization in compost treatments but less than 5% of total soil N mineralized in 120 d. The addition of compost increased the acid hydrolyzable N of soil with 43–63% of the total soil N being acid hydrolyzable. Acid hydrolyzable soil N did not correlate to No but weakly correlated with corn grain yield. The MSW compost source was more important than the timing of application in inducing differences in soil biochemical properties. Keys words: Municipal solid waste compost, organic matter, potentially mineralizable nitrogen, acid hydrolysis
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Campbell, H., T. M. Choo, B. Vigier, and L. Underhill. "Mycotoxins in barley and oat samples from eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p00-042.
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In Eastern Canada Fusarium species infect barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) more frequently than wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), yet information on mycotoxin contamination in barley and oats is lacking. Such information is essential to determine the need for control of fusarium head blight in barley and oats. Therefore, data were retrieved from the Mycotoxin Databank of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to study mycotoxin contamination in Eastern Canada's barley and oats. Of the 116 barley samples collected from 1991 to 1998 crops, 84 (72%) were contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON). Some samples contained up to 8–9 mg kg−1 of DON. DON contamination was particularly severe in recent years (1996, 1997, and 1998). DON contamination was less frequent and less severe in oats in comparison with barley. Only 34 of the 73 oat samples (47%) contained DON. Thirty-four percent of the barley samples (18/53) and 15% of the oat samples (4/26) contained nivalenol. Zearalenone, ochratoxin A, 3-acetyl DON, 15- acetyl DON, and T-2 were also detected at a low frequency; but HT-2, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), fusarenon X, 15-acetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol were not detected in these samples. The results suggest that breeding barley for resistance to DON accumulation is warranted in Eastern Canada. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, oat, Avena sativa, mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol
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Suhailee, Suhailee, Ali Imron, Nafron Hasyim, Atiqa Sabardila, and Markhamah Markhamah. "BUNDA: KISAH CINTA 2 KODI BY ASMA NADIA: A STRUCTURALISM STUDY." Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) 4, no. 2 (October 12, 2020): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/lire.v4i2.87.
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This study aims to describe the socio-historic background of (1) Asma Nadia and (2) the structure of Bunda: Kisah Cinta 2 Kodi, This study uses the descriptive qualitative method. The research strategy is embedded in case studies. The research data are in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs in the novel Bunda: Kisah Cinta 2 Kodi that contains information about the socio-historic background of Asma Nadia, and the structure of the novel. The primary data source is the novel and the secondary data source is relevant journal articles. The data were collected through the library, observation, and documentation techniques. The data were analyzed using the semiotic reading method, namely heuristic and hermeneutic reading. The results of the study are (1) Sociohistorical setting: Asma Nadia was born into a literary family (her grandfather, Teuku Muhammad Usman El Muhammady and her two siblings, Helvy Tiana Rosa and her brother Aeron Tomino, and her husband, Isa Alamsyah, were writers). Her works have particular characteristics: Islamic theme, simple language, and the struggle of Moslem women. (2) The structure of the novel: the theme is the struggle of a mother in a family. It uses the flashback method since the story takes a regressive plot. The important figures are Kartika, Aryani, Farid, Bagja, Farid’s mother, Anton’s mother and Siti. The setting: schools, Kartika boarding house, campus canteens, cinemas, bookstores, Aryani's house, hospitals, abortion clinics, Tanah Abang market, Aryani's in-law's house, mushalla, and food stalls. Time setting: 1962, 1963, 1965, 1989, 1992, 1998 and 2000. Social setting: Kartika comes from Javanese and Minangkabau parents, whose works are civil servants and teachers.
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Philip L. Hertzler. "Rhodamine Fluorescence After 15-year Storage in Methyl Salicylate." Microscopy Today 14, no. 2 (March 2006): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500055383.
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Fading of fluorochrome is a significant limitation to fluorescence microscopy. Several anti-fade agents, e.g. n-propyl gallate, are commonly used for glycerol-based mounting media (Longin et al., 1993; Ono et al., 2001). Samples mounted in glycerol must be kept at -20°C for long-term storage to prevent bacterial degradation. In contrast, fluorescent samples cleared and mounted in organic media can be stored indefinitely at room temperature.Methyl salicylate or oil of wintergreen is an excellent clearing agent (refractive index = 1.53), which works well with a variety of fluorochromes. It has a pleasant aroma but is somewhat difficult to work with since it remains liquid after mounting. It was previously reported that shrimp embryos labeled with tubulin antibody and rhodamine-conjugated secondary antibody maintained their fluorescence after six months (Summers et al. 1993). These same samples, stained in November, 1990 and imaged by confocal microscopy for publication in Hertzler and Clark (1992), are still fluorescent after continuous storage in methyl salicylate at room temperature in the dark (Figure 1). The images of 62-cell stage shrimp embryos taken from these 1990 samples were collected with an Olympus Fluoview 300 laser scanning confocal microscope in January, 2006 in the Dept. of Biology, Central Michigan University.
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Garriz, Patricia I., Hugo L. Alvarez, and Graciela M. Colavita. "Growth Dynamics of `Packham's Triumph' Pear Fruits." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 443B—443. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.443b.
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The objective of this work was to predict `Packham's Triumph' (Pyrus communis L.) fruit growth as a function of time using an empirical mathematical model. A mature crop was studied at the Experimental Farm of the Comahue National Univ., Rio Negro, Argentina, during the 1992–93, 1993–94, and 1994–95 growing seasons. Trees were selected at random and fruits were collected at weekly intervals. The range of sampling dates was 27 and 178 days after full bloom (DFB). Fresh fruit mass (FM) was measured using an electronic scale (n = 1169). Fruit number/trunk cross-sectional area was also determined; cultural practices were performed according to the local standard program. Equations were developed with SYSTAT procedure. Results showed that the following logistic model provided the most satifactory fit to the pooled data, as compared to the power and linear models: FM (g)= 316.081/(1+ e^5.030–0.039 DFB) R2=0.84 P < 0.001. The accuracy of predictions was tested on an independent crop in the 1995–96 growing season. According to the values of the statistical F test, no significant differences (Pr0.05) were detected between the mean squared deviations of the observed and the estimated values, suggesting that, overall, the model works well. It can provide growers with a means of determining adequate fruit mass at harvest, considering that unless a certain minimum size is obtained, the fruit will be given a lower grade and price.
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Ovenell-Roy, K. H., M. L. Nelson, H. H. Westburg, and J. A. Froseth. "Effects of barley cultivar on energy and nitrogen metabolism of lambs." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a96-100.
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The aim of this research was to compare energy values, nitrogen metabolism and diet digestibility of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars grown in two different years, to identify the most important factors affecting variation. Six wether lambs (39.4 ± 1.6 kg) were assigned within period in a randomized complete block design to barley cultivar (1990 Camelot, 1990 Cougbar, 1990 Steptoe, 1991 Boyer, 1991 Camelot and 1991 Steptoe) and consumed a diet of 83% barley, 10% alfalfa pellets and 7% supplement on a DM basis. During each 14-d period, feed, orts, fecal and urine samples were collected during the last 7 d and methane emissions were quantified. Digestibility of NDF polymeric monosaccharides was lower (P < 0.10) for weathers fed 1990 Steptoe than all cultivars other than 1991 Boyer and was positively correlated to methane production (r = 0.52). Barley DE was not different among cultivars but, because methane production was greater (P < 0.10) for lambs fed 1991 Boyer (38 L d−1) than for those fed 1990 Steptoe (21 L d−1) and 1990 Camelot (26 L d−1), barley ME content of 1991 Boyer (12.3 MJ kg−1 OM) was lower (P < 0.10) than for 1990 Steptoe (13.4 MJ kg−1 OM). Nitrogen digestibility in lambs fed Camelot grown both years was greater (P < 0.05) than for most cultivars. Absorbed nitrogen was greatest (P < 0.10) in lambs fed 1991 Camelot and nitrogen retention (g d−1) tended to be greater than 1990 Cougbar (P = 0.14) and 1990 Camelot (P = 0.16) fed lambs. Cougbar, Boyer and 1991 Steptoe had lower feeding quality for ruminants because of lower energy and/or nitrogen metabolism, while both years of Camelot and 1990 Steptoe had greater ME values. Methane production, digestibility of NDF polymeric monosaccharides and nitrogen metabolism were major factors contributing to variability among barley cultivars within and between years. Key words: Barley, lambs, methane, metabolizable energy
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Rees, H. W., T. L. Chow, and E. G. Gregorich. "Spatial and temporal trends in soil properties and crop yield at a site under intensive up- and down-slope potato production in northwestern New Brunswick." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 87, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss07017.
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Few quantitative data are available to assess temporal changes in the soil quality of Canada’s agricultural lands. Site 20-NB was established in 1989 to monitor changes in an Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol developed on coarse loamy till on a rolling landscape under intensive potato production in Atlantic Canada with soil compaction and water erosion the dominant forms of degradation. Sampling of soil and crop parameters was conducted on a 20 × 25 and 25 × 25 m grid basis with 66–90 sample locations. Baseline soil samples were collected in 1989 and the site was re-sampled in 1999. Samples were analysed for pH, available P, K, Ca and Mg, and total soil organic carbon (SOC). Field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) at 12–22, 27–37 and 50–60 cm, earthworm counts and crop yield measurements were conducted annually. 137Cs data were collected to estimate long-term soil erosion. Annual runoff (May 01 to Nov. 30) and soil loss were measured. Seasonal soil loss between 1989 and 1999 was only 6522 kg ha-1 yr-1 compared with 137Cs-estimated soil displacement of 53 000 kgha-1 yr-1, occurring over the 1960 to 1990 period. In the Ap horizon, soil pH and P increased by 8 and 5%, respectively, while SOC was reduced by 8%. Some changes were identified in the subsoil (50–65 cm) with a 7% increase in pH and a 27% reduction in P. There was little annual variation in the Kfs of the Ap, B and C horizons which ranged from 0.4 to 1.3, from 0.7 to 1.3 and from 0.8 to 2.0 cm h-1. Solum Kfs was significantly less than in an adjacent forested area by 52–80%. Earthworm numbers increased at a rate of 1.5 earthworms m-2 yr-1. Crop yield did not show any temporal trend over the 10-yr period other than that it appeared to be significantly influenced by crop rotation. Potato yield (CV = 12) tended to be less variable than barley (CV = 22) or clover (CV = 21). The benefits of site specific management were found to be questionable. 137Cs-estimated soil loss was most strongly related to SOC (r = −0.66) and average potato yield (r = −0.55). Key words: Soil quality, soil carbon, hydraulic conductivity, earthworms, water erosion
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Mischke, Steffen, and Michael E. Schudack. "Sub-Recent Ostracoda from Bosten Lake, NW China." Journal of Micropalaeontology 20, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.20.1.12.
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Abstract. In spite of early work by Daday (1903) and by Sars (1903a, b), the Recent and sub-Recent non-marine ostracod faunas of NW China remain poorly known. There is only little information included in later works, which have tended to focus on fossil Tertiary and Quaternary ostracods (e.g. Sun et al., 1999), rather than on Recent or sub-Recent taxa, although Yu & Martens (1997) have presented a very preliminary checklist for China as a whole.In an attempt to improve this situation, this note reports on ostracods collected from the largest ‘freshwater’ lake of NW China. Bosten Hu (Lake) (c. lat. 42°N, long. 87°E) covers an area of about 1020 km2 at an altitude of 1048 m above sea-level in an intermontane basin of the Chinese Tianshan Mountains. The lake has an outlet to the Tarim Basin in the south and had a salinity of about 1.0 g l−1 in 1950 which increased to 1.5 g l−1 in 1978 due to withdrawal of water from the main tributary (Kaidu He) for irrigation purposes. The lake is rather shallow with a maximum depth of 15.7 m, its volume being about 9.9 km3 (Berkner, 1993).Sampling of surface mud from the uppermost centimetres of the lake bottom and of plankton samples was carried out along several transects in nearly all parts of the lake. Altogether, 33 samples were collected by a mud grabber or a handnet, and by a diver. Surprisingly, no living specimens were found, although ostracod valves were very abundant in . . .
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Miller, J. J., B. J. Read, D. J. Wentz, and D. J. Heaney. "Chemical composition of plants associated with saline sites in Alberta in relation to mineral requirements for beef cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 76, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas96-056.
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Plant samples were collected from 102 saline sites in Alberta from 1990 to 1993 to determine major element and trace element concentrations in relation to mineral requirements for beef cattle. Zinc concentrations were most frequently (94%) below the minimum requirement for beef cattle, followed by Cu (92%), Se (87%), Na (49%), Mn (29%), K (21%), Mg (3%), Fe (1%) and S (1%). The element most frequently exceeding the maximum tolerable level for beef cattle was S (20%), followed by Mg (17%), Al (5%), Fe (5%) and Mo (1%). Beef cattle consuming plants from saline areas of Alberta are more likely to experience potential deficiencies than toxicities of chemical elements required for adequate nutrition. Key words: Major elements, trace elements, plants, saline areas, mineral requirements, beef cattle
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Zhang, T. Q., A. F. MacKenzie, and B. C. Liang. "Nitrate leaching from residual fertilizer N after spring thaw in two corn agro-ecosystems." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-077.
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Water samples at zero tension were collected using an open-ended lysimeter and analyzed for NO3−-N from a Chicot sandy clay loam and a Ste. Rosalie clay soil under continuous corn (Zea mays L.) in 1993 and 1994, shortly after spring thaw. There was negligible leaching of NO3−-N at previous fertilizer N rates of 0 and 170 kg ha-1 in both soils. However, NO3−-N concentrations of the leachates from soils receiving 285 and 400 kg N ha-1 yr-1 varied from 1.4 to 80 mg L-1, depending on the initial levels of soil residual NO3−-N and the supply of percolation water. When the initial levels of soil NO3−-N were relatively high and percolation of water was relatively slow in 1993, NO3−-N concentrations of the leachates ranged from 20 to 80 mg L-1. Nitrite-N concentrations were from 1.4 to 15.6 mg L-1 when the initial levels of soil residual NO3−-N were relatively low and percolation was relatively fast in 1994. The occasional higher NO3−-N concentrations in the leachate from the previous higher N applications indicated a potential for contaminating surface and ground waters as a result of NO3−-N leaching in the early spring. Key words: Residual N, nitrate-N leaching, soil solution, continuous corn, N fertilization
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Nurnani, Dewi, M. R. Nababan, and D. Djatmika. "ANALISIS TEKNIK DAN KUALITAS TERJEMAHAN ISTILAH BUDAYA DALAM KUMPULAN ABSTRAK HASIL PENELITIAN SEKOLAH TINGGI SENI INDONESIA (STSI) SURAKARTA." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 3, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v3i1.19706.
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<p><em>The aims of the study are to ascertain (1) translation techniques applied in Kumpulan Abstrak Hasil Penelitian 1990-1991 Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia (STSI) Surakarta; (2) the character of translation techniques applied in the translation of Kumpulan Abstrak Hasil Penelitian 1990-1991 Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia (STSI) Surakarta ; and (3) levels of translation accuracy and acceptability and their relationships with the techniques as well as character of translation techniques. This is a descriptive qualitative research with an embedded-case study in translation which uses purposive sampling technique. The sources of data for this research method comprise of a document of Kumpulan Abstrak Hasil Penelitian 1990-1991 Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia (STSI) Surakarta and informants. The research data consists of words, phrases, and clauses in Kumpulan Abstrak Hasil Penelitian (KAHP) 1990-1991 Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia (STSI) Surakarta and its translation in English and the raters’ statements about the accuracy and acceptability levels of translation. The research data were collected with document analysis, questionnaires, and interview. Findings of the research show the following. First, there are 13 techniques used in the translation. 5 of them are included in mandatory techniques while the optional techniques include 12 techniques. It can be seen from the findings that 4 techniques belong to mandatory as well as optional techniques. Based on the quality analysis, it can be found that there are 9 techniques positively influence the translation accuracy and 11 techniques positively influence the translation acceptability. Thus, it can be concluded that, generally, the accuracy and acceptability of the translation are included in high level.</em></p>
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DAUDT, LUIZ C. C., and JOSÉ F. R. AMATO. "Morphological variation of Stratiodrilus circensis (Polychaeta, Histriobdellidae) from a new host, Aegla leptodactyla (Crustacea, Anomura, Aeglidae) with identification of its type host species." Zootaxa 1450, no. 1 (April 19, 2007): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1450.1.5.
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Stratiodrilus circensis Steiner & Amaral, 1999, ectocommensal of anomuran crabs Aegla leptodactyla Buckup & Rossi, 1977 (New Host Record), is first recorded for the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, with some considerations on the observed morphological variation and the identification of its type host species. Thirty crabs were examined, 70% of which were positive for S. circensis. Intensity of infestation varied from 1 to 41 (arithmetic mean 13.3; SD 10.4). Eleven specimens of S. circensis from Aegla schmitti Hobbs III, 1979, collected from Rio Carvalho, tributary of Rio Piraquara, State of Paraná, (the type locality), were also examined. Differences in total body length, length of antennae, cirri, conical ventral lobes, and tubercles were found between the specimens described here, the specimens described in previous works, and the specimens from A. schmitti from Rio Carvalho. The geographical distribution of S. circensis is discussed
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Kalinovskaya, Elena A., and Anna S. Kobysheva. "Pragmatics of Advertising Text in the Aspect of its Suggestive Impact." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2021, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2021-1-58-67.
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The article defines and describes the main ways of suggestive impact in advertising texts. The language-specific nature of advertising texts is often reduced, as the marketing aspect is highlighted. One of the main functions of the advertising text is the suggestive function, since this type of texts is designed to impact a person emotionally, psychologically, and manipulatively. Despite a number of works devoted to linguistic suggestion in advertising, this aspect remains poorly studied, due to the constant expansion of the range of manipulative strategies used in advertising texts. The empirical material for the present study, i.e. advertising texts, was collected from English versions of ELLE, OUT, WOMEN’S HEALTH magazines. An advertising text is a complex semiotic unity with the following properties: polysemioticity (elements of various sign systems are used to construct such a text), imperativeness (an advertising text is designed to induce an addressee to act), and suggestiveness (texts of this type are saturated with persuasion techniques). Verbal and non-verbal levels of manipulative techniques are distinguished. They are background and color as main medium of conceptual information, re-accentuation, graphic techniques, words and phrases with positive semantics, imperative, lexical-stylistic and grammar-stylistic devices.
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Rachkovskaya, E. I., Z. V. Karamysheva, N. P. Litvinova, I. Yu Sumerina, V. N. Khramtsov, and G. A. Isachenko. "Elena A. Volkova (the anniversary of the researcher of mountains, steppe, desert, forest, meadow and bog vegetation)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 32 (2018): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2018.32.137.
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On May 3, 2018 Elena Anatolievna Volkova celebrates her anniversary. She is a highly qualified phytogeographer, thoughtful field researcher, expert in mountain vegetation of Asia, tireless traveler. The field of her scientific interests is the regularity of vegetation cover, small- and large-scale mapping of vegetation in different regions of Eurasia. She has made a great contribution to the study of the composition and structure of vegetation cover of complex and inaccessible arid and subarid mountain areas of Central Asia. E. Volkova began to work in deserts and steppes of Kazakhstan, and then 15 years studied arid plain and mountain regions of Mongolia. In Joint Soviet-Mongolian complex biological expedition of Academies of sciences of USSR and Mongolian People’s Republic E. Volkova investigated the deserts of Alashan Gobi, Trans-Altai Gobi and Dzhungarian Gobi. The result of these field works was a publication on the study of the relationship between the composition and structure of plant communities with the petrographic composition of rocks in melkosopochniks in different subzones and provinces of Gobi (Volkova, 1976); together with E. I. Rachkovskaya original vegetation maps of these extra-arid territories were created (Rachkovskaya, Volkova, 1977, 1980, etc.). The collected data on mountain vegetation were used to produce the vegetation map of Mongolia in the National Atlas (Karta..., 1990) and the monograph “Botanical geography of Mongolian and Gobi Altai” (Volkova, 1994). E. Volkova has made two vegetation maps: of Asia in atlas “Our Earth” (Волкова, 1996) and (together with I. Fedorova) of the World (scale 1: 60 000 000) for “Resources and Environment: World Atlas” (Volkova, Fedorova, 1998). In 2003 the monograph “Botanical geography of Kazakhstan and Central Asia (within the desert area)” was published in which E. Volkova is the author of a large section “Vegetation cover of mountains” and sub-section “Mountain provinces” in the section “Principles and basic units of regionalization” (Volkova, 2003a, b). After the collapse of the Soviet Union, most of the arid areas of the country became inaccessible for research, and E. Volkova’ interests have turned to the vegetation of the Northwest of European Russia (Leningrad Region). The Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of sciences organized complex researches for the purpose of inventory of natural complexes and their components in territories valuable for nature protection, and also of areas of economic importance. The result of this work was the organization of natural protected areas in the Leningrad Region and Saint Petersburg and the publication of the “Atlas of natural protected areas of St. Petersburg” (Atlas..., 2013, 2016) and 11 collective monographs (2001–2017) in which E.Volkova is the constant co-editor and author of the sections on vegetation. E. A. Volkova has published about 190 works, including articles in the journals “Proceedings of theRussianGeographical Society”, “Botanical journal”, “Vegetation of Russia”, “Biosphere”, the “Geobotanical mapping” (Volkova, Khramtsov 2018). She continues to be an active field researcher and preparing new articles and monographs.
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Burgess, Darwin, and Craig Robinson. "Canada's oldest permanent sample plots — thinning in white and red pine." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 606–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74606-4.
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Two of the oldest permanent sample plots (PSPs) in Canada were set up at Petawawa, Ontario (45° 57′ N, 77° 34′ W) to examine the effect of thinning on the development of natural white (Pinus strobus L.) and red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait). Field data were collected periodically, starting in 1918 when the stand was 40 years old and continuing for 71 years. Six thinning treatments were completed, beginning in 1918, and then in 1933, 1941, 1959, 1969 and 1989. The intensity of thinning varied through time with 14, 27, 38, 8, 30, and 7% of the basal area removed. The sawlog volume mean annual increment for the thinned plot remained stable at about five m3 ha−1 yr−1, but the sawlog volume periodic annual increment for the control declined markedly during the last 10-year measurement period to less than 2 m3 ha−1 yr−1. The residual volume was higher in the control; but, if the harvested sawlog volume (264.5 m3 ha−1) was added to the residual sawlog volume (301.3 m3 ha−1) for PSP one, then the sawlog production on the thinned plot has been about the same and its residual volume concentrated on fewer, larger and more valuable trees. The level of natural mortality in the control plot (129.7 m3 ha−1 of sawlog volume) was greater than 10 times that in the thinned plot, thereby adding more coarse woody debris to improve wildlife habitat. These two approaches had a major influence on stand development. The approach used will depend on specific stand-level management objectives. Key words: white pine, red pine, natural stand management, shelterwood system, permanent sample plots.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 159, no. 1 (2003): 189–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003756.
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-Timothy Barnard, J.M. Gullick, A history of Selangor (1766-1939). Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1989, vi + 220 pp. [MBRAS Monograph 28.] -Okke Braadbaart, Michael L. Ross, Timber booms and institutional breakdown in Southeast Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, xvi + 237 pp. -H.J.M. Claessen, Patrick Vinton Kirch ,Hawaiki, ancestral Polynesia; An essay in historical anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, xvii + 375 pp., Roger C. Green (eds) -Harold Crouch, R.E. Elson, Suharto; A political biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, xix + 389 pp. -Kees van Dijk, H.W. Arndt ,Southeast Asia's economic crisis; Origins, lessons, and the way forward. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian studies, 1999, ix + 182 pp., Hal Hill (eds) -Kees van Dijk, Sebastiaan Pompe, De Indonesische algemene verkiezingen 1999. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij, 1999, 290 pp. -David van Duuren, Albert G. van Zonneveld, Traditional weapons of the Indonesian archipelago. Leiden: Zwartenkot art books, 2001, 160 pp. -Peter van Eeuwijk, Christian Ph. Josef Lehner, Die Heiler von Samoa. O Le Fofo; Monographie über die Heiler und die Naturheilmethoden in West-Samoa. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1999, 234 pp. [Mensch und Gesellschaft 4.] -Hans Hägerdal, Frans Hüsken ,Reading Asia; New research of Asian studies. Richmond: Curzon, 2001, xvi + 338 pp., Dick van der Meij (eds) -Terence E. Hays, Jelle Miedema ,Perspectives on the Bird's head of Irian Jaya, Indonesia; Proceedings of the conference, Leiden, 13-17 October 1997. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1998, xiii + 982 pp. (editors with the assistance of Connie Baak), Cecilia Odé, Rien A.C. Dam (eds) -Menno Hekker, Peter Metcalf, They lie, we lie; Getting on with anthropology. London: Routledge, 2002, ix + 155 pp. -David Henley, Foong Kin, Social and behavioural aspects of malaria control; A study among the Murut of Sabah. Phillips, Maine: Borneo research council , 2000, xx + 241 pp. [BRC Occasional paper 1.] -Gerrit Knaap, Frédéric Mantienne, Les relations politiques et commerciales entre la France et la péninsule Indochinoise (XVIIe siècle). Paris: Les Indes Savantes, 2001, 395 pp. -Uli Kozok, James T. Collins, Malay, world language; A short history. Second edition. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan bahasa dan pustaka, 2000, xii + 101 pp. -Nathan Porath, Hoe Ban Seng, Semalai communities at Tasek Bera; A study of the structure of an Orang Asli society. [A.S. Baer and R. Gianno, eds.] Subang Jaya, Malaysia: Centre for Orang Asli concerns, 2001, xii + 191 pp. -Nathan Porath, Narifumi Maeda Tachimoto, The Orang Hulu; A report on Malaysian orang asli in the 1960's. [A.S. Baer, ed.] Subang Jaya, Malaysia: Centre for Orang Asli concerns, 2001, xiv + 104 pp. -Martin Ramstedt, Raechelle Rubinstein ,Staying local in the global village; Bali in the twentieth century. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1999, xiii + 353 pp., Linda H. Connor (eds) -Albert M. Salamanca, Thomas R. Leinbach ,Southeast Asia: diversity and development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000, xiii + 594 pp., Richard Ulack (eds) -Heather Sutherland, Muhamad Hisyam, Caught between three fires; The Javanese pangulu under the Dutch colonial administration, 1882-1942. Jakarta: Indonesian-Netherlands cooperation in Islamic studies (INIS), 2001, 331 pp. [Seri INIS 37.] -Heather Sutherland, Roderich Ptak, China's seaborne trade with South and Southeast Asia (1200-1750). Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999, xii + 366 pp. [Variorum collected studies series CS638.] -Sikko Visscher, M. Jocelyn Armstrong ,Chinese populations in contemporary Southeast Asian societies. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2001, xiv + 268 pp., R. Warwick Armstrong, Kent Mulliner (eds) -Reed Wadley, Clifford Sather, Seeds of play, words of power; An ethnographic study of Iban shamanic chants. Kuching: Tun Jugah foundation, 2001, xvii + 753 pp. [Borneo classic series 5.] -Boris Wastiau, Raymond Corbey, Tribal art traffic; A chronicle of taste, trade and desire in colonial and post-colonial times. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 2000, 255 pp. -Willem G. Wolters, Wong Kwok-Chu, The Chinese in the Philippine economy, 1898-1941. Quezon city: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1999, xvi + 279 pp. -Volker Grabowsky, Stephen Mansfield, Lao hill tribes; Traditions and patterns of existence. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, vii + 91 pp. -Volker Grabowsky, Jean Michaud, Turbulent times and enduring people; Mountain minorities in the South-East Asian Massif. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2000, xiii + 255 pp. -Volker Grabowsky, Jane Richard Hanks ,Tribes of the northern Thailand frontier. (with a foreword by Nicola Tannenbaum), New Haven, CT: Yale University Southeast Asia studies, 2001, xlviii + 319 pp. [Monograph 51.], Lucien Mason Hanks (eds)
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Jarvie, H. P., C. Neal, P. J. A. Withers, A. Robinson, and N. Salter. "Nutrient water quality of the Wye catchment, UK: exploring patterns and fluxes using the Environment Agency data archives." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 5 (October 31, 2003): 722–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-7-722-2003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Water quality data, collected by the Environment Agency in England and Wales over 10 years (1991 – 2000) were used to examine the spatial distribution of nutrient pollution risk and for assessing broad-scale spatial and temporal variability in nutrient fluxes across the Wye catchment. Nutrient water quality across the upper and middle Wye catchment, and along the main River Wye, is generally very good. However, the main areas of concern lie in the small tributaries in the south and east of the catchment, which have lower dilution capacity and high agricultural and effluent inputs, and where mean Total Reactive Phosphorus (TRP) in some cases exceed 1 mg-P l-1. Indeed, mass load calculations have demonstrated that the lowland south and east portion of the catchment contributes more than 85% of the whole-catchment TRP and more than 78% of nitrate (NO3‾) loads. Ratios of NO3‾:Ca were used to fingerprint different water-types across the catchment, linked to weathering and agricultural activity. The Wye catchment has been subject to two major sets of perturbations during the study period: (i) climatic fluctuations, with a drought during 1995-6, followed by a subsequent drought-break in 1997/8, and extreme high river flows in the autumn/winter of 2000/2001, and (ii) introduction of tertiary P-treatment at major sewage treatment works in the catchment. The implications of these perturbations for the nutrient water quality of the Wye catchment are discussed. Recommendations are made for more targeted monitoring to directly assess diffuse source nutrient contributions. Keywords: nutrients, phosphate, phosphorus, nitrate, nitrogen, river, Wye, PSYCHIC, Defra
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Cook, Eung-Do. "William Bright, ed. The Collected Works of Edward Sapir V. American Indian Languages 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 1990. Pp. 584. US$99.00 (hardcover)." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 37, no. 1 (March 1992): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100021770.
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Morgenstern, E. K., and B. S. P. Wang. "Trends in forest depletion, seed supply, and reforestation in Canada during the past four decades." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 1014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc771014-6.
Full textAbstract:
Progress in reforestation is reviewed and the results of a 1999 survey of seed collection and utilization are presented. The review includes forest depletion, regeneration and seed supply for Canada for the 1960–99 period. Depletion of stocked, timber-productive land has increased from less than 2 million ha annually to just under 2.5 million ha, primarily due to an increase in harvesting from about 800 000 ha to slightly over 1 million ha in recent years, and also due to larger fires during the last decade. The depleted area amounts to 1% of the total commercial forest. Natural regeneration consistently covered more than 60% of the depleted area. Artificial regeneration (seeding and planting) has increased dramatically from 86 000 ha per year in 1965 to 513 000 ha in 1990, and has since levelled off at about 460 000 ha. The seed supply situation has also improved greatly, primarily due to tree improvement that resulted in the establishment of seed orchards, which were expanded from 364 ha in 1981 to 3008 ha in 1995. New analytical biochemical methods suggest that in orchard seed, genetic variation and diversity are maintained.The seed survey, including 36 conifer and 29 broadleaf species, indicated that 2.5 billion seeds were collected in 1999 (which was not a good seed year) and 3.9 billion seeds were sown. These 3.9 billion seeds appear to be sufficient to again restock approximately 460 000 ha per year, i.e., the same area as regenerated annually in the 1995–99 period. Improved seed treatment and sowing methods appear to have made seedling production substantially more efficient during the last 20 years. The major species sown in 1999 were: Picea mariana (35%), Picea glauca (22%), Pinus contorta (13%), and Pinus banksiana (12%). For Canada as a whole, 25% of the seed came from seed orchards, but for the Maritime Provinces, Québec, and Manitoba this percentage ranged from 60 to 90%. Orchard production is still growing: British Columbia and Québec will produce 80% of their planting stock from it during the next decade, and New Brunswick and British Columbia are already harvesting seed from second-generation orchards. It is expected that the high quality of seed obtained from seed orchards will contribute significantly to the efficiency of the reforestation program and increase the value of future forests. Key words: forest depletion, reforestation, seed orchards, seed supply
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Шарма Сушіл Кумар. "Indo-Anglian: Connotations and Denotations." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2018.5.1.sha.
Full textAbstract:
A different name than English literature, ‘Anglo-Indian Literature’, was given to the body of literature in English that emerged on account of the British interaction with India unlike the case with their interaction with America or Australia or New Zealand. Even the Indians’ contributions (translations as well as creative pieces in English) were classed under the caption ‘Anglo-Indian’ initially but later a different name, ‘Indo-Anglian’, was conceived for the growing variety and volume of writings in English by the Indians. However, unlike the former the latter has not found a favour with the compilers of English dictionaries. With the passage of time the fine line of demarcation drawn on the basis of subject matter and author’s point of view has disappeared and currently even Anglo-Indians’ writings are classed as ‘Indo-Anglian’. Besides contemplating on various connotations of the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ the article discusses the related issues such as: the etymology of the term, fixing the name of its coiner and the date of its first use. In contrast to the opinions of the historians and critics like K R S Iyengar, G P Sarma, M K Naik, Daniela Rogobete, Sachidananda Mohanty, Dilip Chatterjee and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak it has been brought to light that the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ was first used in 1880 by James Payn to refer to the Indians’ writings in English rather pejoratively. However, Iyengar used it in a positive sense though he himself gave it up soon. The reasons for the wide acceptance of the term, sometimes also for the authors of the sub-continent, by the members of academia all over the world, despite its rejection by Sahitya Akademi (the national body of letters in India), have also been contemplated on.
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Lemke, R. L., R. C. Izaurralde, M. Nyborg, and E. D. Solberg. "Tillage and N source influence soil-emitted nitrous oxide in the Alberta Parkland region." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s98-013.
Full textAbstract:
Zero tillage systems are receiving attention as possible strategies for sequestering atmospheric carbon. This benefit may be offset by increased N2O emissions, which have been reported for soils under zero tillage (ZT) compared to those under more intensive tillage (IT). Comparisons of N2O emissions from the two systems have been restricted to the growing season, but substantial losses of N2O have been reported during spring thaw events in many regions. Inorganic and organic additions of nitrogen and fallowing have also been shown to increase levels of soil-emitted N2O. The objectives for this study were: (i) to confirm that losses of N2O are higher under ZT than under IT in Alberta Parkland agroecosystems; (ii) to compare the relative influence of urea fertilizer (56 or 100 kg N ha−1), field pea residue (dry matter at 5 Mg ha−1), sheep manure (dry matter at 40 Mg ha−1) additions, and fallow on total N2O losses; and (iii) to investigate possible interactions between fertility and tillage treatments. Gas samples were collected using vented soil covers at three sites near Edmonton, Alberta during 1993, 1994, and 1995. Gas samples were analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with a 63Ni electron capture detector. Estimated annual N2O loss ranged from 0.1 to 4.0 kg N ha−1. Emissions during summer were slightly higher, similar, or lower on ZT compared to those under IT, but were consistently lower on ZT plots during spring thaw. Combined estimates (spring plus summer) of N2O loss under ZT were equal to or lower than those under IT. Highest overall losses were observed on fallow plots, followed by fertilizer, pea residue, and then either manure or control plots. We conclude that ZT management systems have potential for reducing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in the Alberta Parkland region. Key words: Nitrous oxide, thawing soil, tillage, nitrogen fertilizer, manure, fallow
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Seitz, Frederick, Erich Vogt, and Alvin M. Weinberg. "Eugene Paul Wigner. 17 November 1902 — 1 January 1995." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 46 (January 2000): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1999.0102.
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Eugene Wigner was a towering leader of modern physics for more than half of the twentieth century. Although his greatest renown was associated with the research–article of symmetry theory to quantum physics and chemistry, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1963, his scientific work encompassed an astonishing breadth of science, perhaps unparalleled during his time. In preparing this memoir, we have the impression we are attempting to record the monumental achievements of half a dozen scientists. There is the Wigner who demonstrated that symmetry principles are of great importance in quantum mechanics; who pioneered the application of quantum mechanics in the fields of chemical kinetics and the theory of solids; who was the first nuclear engineer; who formulated many of the most basic ideas in nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry; who was the prophet of quantum chaos; who served as a mathematician and philosopher of science; and the Wigner who was the supervisor and mentor of more than forty PhD students in theoretical physics during his career of over four decades at Princeton University. The legacy of these contributions exists in two forms. First, there are the papers–in excess of 500–now included in eight volumes of his collected works (15)*. His legacy also resides in the many concepts and phenomena that bear his name. There is, for example, the Wigner–Eckart theorem for the addition of angular momenta, the Wigner effect in nuclear reactors, the Wigner correlation energy, as well as the Wigner crystal in solids, the Wigner force, the Breit–Wigner formula in nuclear physics, and the Wigner distribution in the quantum theory of chaos. is collection of essays Symmetries and reflections (14) provides an insightful view of the many intellectual matters that concerned him during a busy career. The recollections of his life recorded by Andrew Szanton when Wigner was in his eighties (Szanton 1992) provide a special insight into the circumstances of his life and the incidents that brought him to the fore.
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Chantigny, Martin H., Danielle Prévost, Denis A. Angers, Régis R. Simard, and François-P. Chalifour. "Nitrous oxide production in soils cropped to corn with varying N fertilization." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s98-009.
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Mineral N fertilizers may contribute to N gas emissions to the atmosphere. Soil cores were collected in 1993 and 1994, in a sandy loam and a sandy clay cropped with an early-maturing corn (Zea mays L.) hybrid and fertilized with ammonium nitrate at rates of 10, 60, 120 or 180 kg N ha−1. Denitrification and N1O production rates, air-filled porosity (AFP), water-soluble mineral N (WSMN) and water-soluble organic C (WSOC) were measured. Denitrification and N2O production rates were generally small, but values >2 µg N2O-N kg−1 h−1 were measured (i) when WSMN contents exceeded 5 mg kg−1, and (ii) when AFP was <50 to 55% in the sandy loam, and <40 to 45% in the sandy clay. For most sampling dates, N2O production and denitrification rates increased with N fertilizer level. In 1993, AFP was relatively high and variable in soil cores, and regression analyses revealed that denitrification rates were closely related to AFP. In 1994, AFP was relatively low in soil cores, and regression analyses showed that denitrification and N2O production rates were positively related to WSMN and negatively to WSOC. It is suggested that provided AFP was low, N fertilization may have had either a direct effect on denitrification and N2O production rates by determining WSMN availability to microorganisms, or an indirect effect by affecting WSOC metabolism in soil. Depending on the year and soil type, mean denitrification rates were 40 to 130% greater in the soil with 180 than with 120 kg N ha−1. Corresponding N2O production rates were 50 to 200% higher in the 180 than in the 120 kg N ha−1 treatment. It appears that limiting N fertilizer to 120 kg ha−1, under early-maturing corn production, may prevent excessive gaseous N losses due to denitrification. Key words: Denitrification, nitrous oxide, N fertilizers, available N, grain corn
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Krause, Paul J. "Collected works of A. M. Turing: Volume 1: Pure mathematics by J. L. Britton (Ed.), North Holland, Amsterdam, 1992, pp 288, Dfl, 175.00, ISBN 0-444-88059-3; - Collected works of A. M. Turing: Volume 2: Mechanical intelligence by D. C. Ince (Ed.), North Holland, Amsterdam, 1992, pp 226, Dfl 160.00, ISBN 0-444-88058-5; - Collected works of A. M. Turing: Volume 3: Morphogenesis by P. T. Saunders (Ed.), North Holland, Amsterdam, 1993, pp 160, Dfl 170.00, ISBN 0-444-88486-6.*." Knowledge Engineering Review 10, no. 2 (June 1995): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900008171.
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Rees, H. W., T. L. Chow, and E. G. Gregorich. "Soil and crop responses to long-term potato production at a benchmark site in northwestern New Brunswick." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 88, no. 3 (May 2, 2008): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss07086.
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Concerns about deteriorating soil quality led to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada establishing a network of 23 soil quality monitoring benchmark sites with the objective of providing a baseline data set for assessing change in soil quality and biological productivity of representative Canadian farming systems. A site (22-NB) was established in 1990 in northwestern New Brunswick to monitor changes in Podzolic and Brunisolic soils developed on coarse loamy till on a rolling landscape under intensive potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production [potato-potato-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) rotation] that was cultivated along the contour with variable grade diversions and a grassed waterway. Soil samples were collected in 1990 and again in 2000. Field saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) at 10–20, 26–36 and 50–60 cm, earthworm counts and crop yield measurements were conducted annually. 137Cs data were collected in 1990 to estimate soil displacement at the site. Runoff and soil loss between May 01 and Nov. 30 were measured annually. The soil conservation system at site 22-NB has resulted in annual runoff and soil loss of only 9 mm and 311 kg ha-1, respectively. Measured values of 137Cs averaged 2114 Bq m-2 (70% of baseline). Changes in the Ap horizon properties between 1990 and 2000 included significant (P < 0.05) increases in available P (+ 86.7 mg kg-1) and K (+ 13.4 mg kg-1) and significant reductions in available Mg (−45.8 mg kg-1) and SOC (−0.51 g kg-1). The Kfs of 10- to 20-cm, 26- to 36-cm and 50- to 60-cm depths were 1.3, 1.0 and 1.0 cm h-1, respectively. Very few earthworms were present (0.05 worms m-2). The upper terrace was consistently the highest yielding in both potato and barley, while the lowest terrace was consistently the lowest yielding in both crops. Crop yields may have been affected by micro-climate and other soil differences as a result of site position.While the system of contour tillage with variable grade diversions and grassed waterway conserved both soil and water, the potato-potato-grain rotation did not maintain SOC levels or sustain earthworm populations. Associated heavy rates of fertilization also lead to increased levels of soil K and P. Key words: Soil quality, soil organic carbon, hydraulic conductivity, earthworms, runoff, water erosion
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Donkor, N. T., J. V. Gedir, R. J. Hudson, E. W. Bork, D. S. Chanasyk, and M. A. Naeth. "Impacts of grazing systems on soil compaction and pasture production in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 82, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-008.
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Livestock trampling impacts have been assessed in many Alberta grassland ecosystems, but the impacts of animal trampling on Aspen Boreal ecosystems have not been documented. This study compared the effects of high intensity [4.16 animal unit month per ha (AUM) ha-1] short-duration grazing (SDG) versus moderate intensity (2.08 AUM ha-1) continuous grazing (CG) by wapiti (Cervus elaphus canadensis) on soil compaction as measured by bulk density at field moist condition (Dbf) and penetration resistance (PR). Herbage phytomass was also measured on grazed pastures and compared to an ungrazed control (UNG). The study was conducted at Edmonton, Alberta, on a Dark Gray Luvisolic soil of loam texture. Sampling was conducted in the spring and fall of 1997 and 1998. Soil cores were collected at 2.5-cm intervals to a depth of 15-cm for measurement of bulk density (Dbf) and moisture content. Penetration resistance to 15 cm at 2.5-cm intervals was measured with a hand-pushed cone penetrometer. The Dbf and PR of the top 10-cm of soil were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater by 15 and 17% under SDG than CG, respectively, by wapiti. Generally, Dbf in both grazing treatments decreased over winter at the 0-7.5 cm and 12.5-15 cm depths, suggesting that freeze-thaw cycles over the winter alleviated compaction. Soil water content under SDG was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than CG. Total standing crop and fallen litter were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater in CG treatment than the SDG. The SDG treatment had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) less pasture herbage than CG areas in the spring (16%) and fall (26%) of 1997, and in the spring (22%) and fall (24%) of 1998, respectively. The SDG did not show any advantage over CG in improving soil physical characteristics and herbage production. Key Words: Bulk density, Cervus elaphus, moisture content, penetration resistance, pasture production
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Shorr, William. "Marjorie Loggia and Glenn Young, eds. The Collected Works of Harold Clurman: Six Decades of CommentaryNew York: Applause, 1994. 1101 p. £35.00 (hbk). ISBN 1-55783-132-7." New Theatre Quarterly 11, no. 43 (August 1995): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00009209.
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Bourgeois, Luc, Ian N. Morrison, and David Kelner. "Field and producer survey of ACCase resistant wild oat in Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-174.
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In a previous study, 729 townships in Manitoba were differentiated as being at low, medium, or high risk of evolving wild oat resistant to Group 1 herbicides based on herbicide use histories from 1981 to 1993. In the present study, 16 townships representing the three risk categories were surveyed in 1994 in order to determine the percentage of resistant wild oat patches. As well, a questionnaire was mailed to farmers in these townships requesting information on practices and attitudes relating to herbicide resistance. The wild oat survey consisted of sampling seed from conspicuous wild oat patches visible from north-south roads in each township. A total of 533 samples were collected and screened with fenoxaprop-P and sethoxydim using a bioassay. An average of eight resistant wild oat patches was found in the high risk townships. This was significantly higher than in low and medium risk townships where an average of less than one resistant wild oat patch per township was detected. The attitude of producers towards herbicide resistance was similar in all risk categories. However, the number of respondents suspecting Group 1 resistance on their farms was related to risk categories with producers in high risk areas suspecting the most cases of resistance. Key words: Weed survey, resistance assessment, wild oat, ACCase inhibitors
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Pirgozliev, V. R., S. P. Rose, P. S. Kettlewell, and M. R. Bedford. "Efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for carcass energy retention in broiler chickens fed different wheat cultivars." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a00-014.
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Six different wheat cultivar grain samples were grown in both the 1993 and 1996 harvest years, and their concentrations of nitrogen-corrected, apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) were determined and carcass energy retentions compared when fed nutritionally complete diets for broiler chicks. The AMEn protocol involved a 14 d feeding period with growing chickens, with all excreta collected for the final 96 h. The carcass energy retention protocol involved a comparative slaughter technique in which growing chickens were given a wheat sample in a nutritionally complete diet at 90% of ad libitum intake. There was a significant (P = 0.023) linear relationship between energy retention and AMEn, although an r2 = 0.42 indicated that there was a substantial amount of unexplained variation. The ratio of energy retained per kg of additional wheat (kcal kg–1) eaten to AMEn (kcal kg–1) intake ranged from 0.49 –0.56 in the 12 wheat samples. There were no significant (P > 0.05) relationships between the proximate nutrient or polysaccharide compositions of the wheat samples and the ratio of energy retained to AME intake. However, there was a significant, (r2 = 0.40; P = 0.028) negative, linear relationship between the water extract viscosity of the wheat sample (log transformed) and this ratio. Key words: Metabolizable energy, energy retention, wheat, poultry
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Humburger, Joseph. "John Stuart Mill. Miscellaneous Writings. The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill. Volume XXXI. Edited by John M. Robson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1989. Pp. 1, 462. $85.00." Albion 23, no. 2 (1991): 335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050637.
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Rosen, F. "John Stuart Mill, Miscellaneous Writings, ed. John M. Robson (The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, vol. xxxi), Toronto, University of Toronto Press; London, Routledge, 1989, pp. 1 + 462." Utilitas 5, no. 1 (May 1993): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800005586.
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Chepelyk, Oksana. "Influence of Eco-art and the New Technologies on the Formation of Eco-Consciousness." Artistic Culture. Topical Issues, no. 17(1) (June 8, 2021): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31500/1992-5514.17(1).2021.235235.
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The article addresses the problem of the effectiveness of eco-art as an instrument for the transformation of consciousness in the era of environmental crises. A number of eco-art projects focusing on threats to aquatic biodiversity that use digital technologies and data-driven approaches in interaction with biological organisms are considered. The features of eco-art with the use of new technologies and its impact on the formation of eco-consciousness are the subjectof the research. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the impact of eco-art projects on the formation of eco-consciousness in order to fundamentally rethink the principles of human interaction with nature. The objective of the paper isto review and analyze eco-art projects that use digital technologies in interaction with biological organisms and act as a catalyst for socio-cultural transformations. The methodology includes theoretical and field research on the topic “Dead zones. Global Data and the Local Ecosystem” at the research residence of IMéRA — the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) in Marseilles, in the framowork of “Exter” international exchanges program of the Ukrainian Institute. The main employed method is a complex and systematic approach to the theory development, systematization of some generalizations, and their contextualization. An analysis of sources on the theory of deep ecology and eco-art, collected interviews, and video documentation were also used in the study, as well as photometric methods, comparative analysis of concepts, of structure and technological features of artistic realizations. A brief overview of the works by David Rothenberg, Natalie Jeremijenko, Tiare Ribeaux, Oksana Chepelyk, and others is given. The practice of Ukrainian eco-art in the framework of the exhibitions “Where Do We Go From Here?” and “Emergent Tributaries” in the Izolyatsia. Platform ofCultural Initiatives in Kyiv in 2018 are analyzed. These projects reflected global environmental issues, such as the relationship between man and nature, future visions and consequences of the exploitation of natural resources. The contexts in which international projects and Ukrainian works of eco-art emerge are described. The specifics of influence of eco-art and the new technologies on formation of eco-consciousness is outlined.
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St-Pierre, R. G., A. M. Zatylny, and H. P. Tulloch. "Evaluation of growth and fruit production characteristics of 15 saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) cultivars at maturity." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-066.
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The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the growth, yield, fruit size and ripening characteristics of mature plants of 15 saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) cultivars. Data were collected from two sites in Saskatchewan over 5 yr (1999–2003). The cultivars included Bluff, Buffalo, Forestburg, Honeywood, JB30, Martin, Nelson, Northline, PAR 90, Parkhill, Pearson II, Pembina, Smoky, Success, and Thiessen. Mean annual growth of shoots ranged from 10.5 cm yr-1 for Parkhill to 21.4 cm yr-1 for JB30. The number of days for fruit to change from 10 to 90% ripe did not differ among the cultivars and averaged 13.8 d. The Julian date to attain 50% ripe fruit ranged from 196 to 209. Fruit of PAR 90, Honeywood, JB30, Martin, Success and Thiessen matured 4–13 d earlier than fruit of Bluff, Northline, Parkhill, Buffalo, Nelson, and Pembina. Marketable yields, which averaged 93.4% of the total harvested yields, ranged from 0.72 to 4.16 kg plant-1. Pearson II, Honeywood, and Smoky had greater marketable yields (4.1–4.16 kg plant-1) than did PAR 90, Parkhill, Nelson, Success, and Pembina (0.72–2.49 kg plant-1). Thiessen, Martin, PAR 90 and JB30 had the largest fruit (13.3–13.9 mm), and Success and Bluff had the smallest (10.8–10.9 mm). Data from this study provide a basis on which to evaluate currently available cultivars and new cultivars or future selections that may be developed. Key words: Amelanchier alnifolia, fruit size, shoot growth, cultivar evaluation, ripening
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Maynard, Doug G., and Dan A. MacIsaac. "Soil nutrient and vegetation response to patch clear-cutting of an aspen forest near Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-027.
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Alternate silviculture systems, such as small patch clearcuts, may become important in the development of sustainable forest management strategies in aspen forests. A study was initiated in a 64-yr-old trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stand in Meadow Lake Provincial Park, Saskatchewan to determine changes in nutrient dynamics and secondary succession following patch clear-cutting. One hectare replicated patch cuts were logged in the winter of 1993–1994. There was no site preparation following harvest. Annual vegetation, regeneration and soil and plant nutrient data were collected annually, 1 yr prior to, and 3 yr following harvest. Aspen regeneration was 48 375 stems ha−1 2 yr after treatment. Stand (alpha) diversity of the understory was not affected by harvesting, although annual species turnover (beta diversity) increased slightly after harvest. There was an increase in aspen foliar nitrogen (N) for 2 yr following harvest. Soil nutrient concentrations did not differ between patch cut and unharvested plots except total potassium (18% lower in the LFH of the harvested treatments 3 yr after harvesting). Small patch cuts with the litter horizon kept intact may be appropriate for aspen-dominated stands in the boreal mixed wood to minimize ecological disturbance while maintaining aesthetics within a park setting. Key words: Ammonium, aspen regeneration, diversity, nitrate, plant community structure, soil productivity
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Pryor, Frederic L. "The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek. Vol. 1: The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism. Edited by W. W. BartleyIII. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Pp. xiii, 180. $24.95." Journal of Economic History 49, no. 4 (December 1989): 1072–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700010093.
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Grattan-Guinness, I. "S. Feferman (ed-in-chief). Kurt Gödel. Collected Works. Volume 1, Publications 1929–1936. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. xvi + 474 pp. ISBN 0-19-503964-5. £25.00." British Journal for the History of Science 20, no. 2 (April 1987): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400023761.
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Vasiliev, Sergey. "«Met. It’s No Joke – Sholokhov!» (the Image of M.A. Sholokhov in the Poetry of V.F. Bokov)." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2020, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2020-1-12-20.
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M.A. Sholokhov (1905–1984) and V.F. Bokov (1914–2009) met in Rostov-on-Don in August 1964. A two-hour conversation took place at the initiative of the author of «And Quiet Flows the Don», who learned about the «literary ship» – traveling along the Don and performing in the villages and on farms with the reading of poems by young writers, headed by V.F. Bokov. Bokov wrote several poems about Sholokhov, the main of which – «Meeting with Sholokhov» (1964) – was to be included in his book of poems «On the Don», but, due to the arbitrariness of the editor, the publication is not included. In September 1964 Bokov sent it by letter to Sholokhov and read it «everywhere from the rostrum». The poet actively worked on this text, preparing a substantially updated version of it for his Collected works (1983–1984). One of the brightest details of Sholokhov’s image found by the poet is his naming through the naming of the famous Tolstoy estate: Rejoice, laugh and Hello, / our Yasnaya Polyana!. Another poem of this subject – «You remember me / Sholokhov called…» – V.F. Bokov included in a letter to the Don poet A.A. Ter-Markaryan. According to the image of the poet, Sholokhov, as it were, appointed Bokov as the «father» of the young writers accepted by him under his protection: Be your father to them, Victor. In the poem «The Old Cossack» the Sholokhov’s theme at the end, but, thus, becomes decisive. With the poet’s sense of humor, he writes that if this old Cossack would meet Sholokhov – there would be a novel! In his works on Sholokhov’s theme, Bokov proved himself, as in his work as a whole, a major master of the artistic word.
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Quimby, W. F., B. F. Sowell, J. G. P. Bowman, M. E. Branine, M. E. Hubbert, and H. W. Sherwood. "Application of feeding behaviour to predict morbidity of newly received calves in a commercial feedlot." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a00-098.
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The objective of this study was to use feeding behavior of newly received steers (average initial weight 191 kg) to detect morbidity in animals in a commercial feedlot. Two separate 32 d feeding trials were conducted in Wellton, Arizona, in July and November 1996. Radio frequency technology was used to record the total time spent within 50 cm of the feedbunk (animal presence every 5.25 s times 5.25 s) in 3 h intervals from 0600 to 2400 on a daily basis for 103 and 122 male calves in trial 1 and 2, respectively. Statistical procedures based on the cumulative sums (CUSUM) of the 3 h feeding intervals were used to detect morbid animals, compared with detection of animals deemed morbid by experienced pen riders. In trial 1, the CUSUM procedure detected animal morbidity 4.5 d earlier (P < 0.001) than the feedlot personnel. In trial 2, the CUSUM procedure detected animal morbidity 3.7 d earlier (P < 0.001) than feedlot pen riders. Overall accuracy, positive predictive value and sensitivity of the CUSUM prediction method were 87, 91, and 90%, respectively. Combined trial data suggest that feeding behavior during the first 30 d cattle are in a receiving pen, as collected with radio frequency technology and analyzed with CUSUM charts, may be used to detect animal morbidity approximately 4.1 d earlier (P < 0.001) than conventional methods typically employed in commercial feedlots. Key words: Feeding behavior, morbidity, quality control, feedlots
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Campbell, Harold, Thin Meiw Choo, Bernard Vigier, and Lynne Underhill. "Comparison of mycotoxin profiles among cereal samples from eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-055.
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The relative susceptibilities of major cereal species to mycotoxin contamination have rarely been studied in eastern Canada or elsewhere. The concentration of 13 mycotoxins in 673 corn (Zea mays L.), 99 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 116 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and 73 oat (Avena sativa L.) samples collected from eastern Canada from 1991 to 1998 crops were compared. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was found to be the most common mycotoxin in all four species. DON contamination was more frequent but less severe in corn than in wheat and barley, and it was least frequent and least severe in oats. Wheat and barley were equally susceptible to DON contamination. The DON content of 8.9% of the corn, 31.3% of the wheat, 22.4% of the barley, and 1.4% of the oat samples exceeded 1 mg·kg-1, the maximum tolerance level recommended for swine feed. Contamination with zearalenone, T-2, HT-2, diacetoxyscirpenol, ochratoxin A, nivalenol, fumonisins, 3-acetyl DON, or 15-acetyl DON was minor in eastern Canada and varied from species to species. Fusarenon X, 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol were not detected. Equally significant, approximately one third of the corn and barley samples were contaminated with two to seven mycotoxins. The presence of two or more mycotoxins could have additive or synergistic effects on the toxicity. Measures to reduce DON contamination are needed for corn, wheat, and barley.Key words: Fusarium, mycotoxins, corn, wheat, barley, oats.
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Miller, J. J., B. W. Beasley, C. F. Drury, and B. J. Zebarth. "Available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil amended with fresh or composted cattle manure containing straw or wood-chip bedding." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 90, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss09053.
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Limited research exists on the effect of fresh versus composted beef cattle manure containing straw or wood chips on available N and P in the Great Plains region of North America. Barley was grown (1999-2007) on an irrigated clay loam soil in southern Alberta where organic amendments and fertilizer were applied annually for 9 yr from 1998 to 2006. The treatments were three rates (13, 39, 77 Mg dry wt. ha-1) of fresh manure (FM, stockpiled for up to 2 m) or composted manure (CM) containing either straw (ST) or wood chip (WD) bedding, one inorganic (IN) fertilizer treatment, and a unamended control. The soil was sampled in the fall of 1999 to 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2007 and was analyzed for soil inorganic N (SIN), NO3-N, NH4-N, and soil test P (STP). Soil mineralizable N was also determined on surface soil samples collected from 1999, 2002, 2004, and 2007. Manure type had a significant effect on SIN, NO3-N, STP, and soil mineralizable N, but the effects varied with year or bedding and rate (SIN), rate or year (NO3-N), rate and year (soil mineralizable N), or bedding and year (STP). Analysis of covariance for total N or P applied versus SIN or STP after nine applications (2007) indicated greater N release for FM and CM bedded with straw than with wood, whereas P release was similar for FM and CM with straw or wood. Soil NO3-N for the organic amendments exceeded the maximum agronomic limit of 21 mg NO3-N kg-1 for Alberta after 6, 4, and 3 yr of application at the three increasing application rates. The STP for the organic amendments exceeded the maximum agronomic limit of 60 mg kg-1 for Alberta after 4, 2, and 2 yr of application at the three increasing rates. Overall, manure type and bedding material influenced the potential for nutrient losses to the environment through accumulation of soil inorganic N and soil test P; however, their effects on nutrient accumulation varied with year and application rate. Key words: Soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus, fresh manure, composted manure, mineralizable N
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Hajek, Ann E., and Richard A. Humber. "Formation and germination of Entomophaga maimaiga azygospores." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 1739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-888.
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Azygospores (resting spores) of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga are produced in abundance during late spring and early summer in late-instar gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar). Azygospores subsequently form, each from an individual hyphal body. Development of azygospores occurs asynchronously over several days; by 5 days after host death, greater than 60% of fungal cells had matured from hyphal bodies to the final double-walled resting state. Azygospores undergo constitutive dormancy and, under field conditions, will not germinate for approximately 9 months after production. Azygospores do not require nutrients to germinate. Germination of field-collected resting spores under laboratory conditions began more than 2 days after transfer from the field to the laboratory. Higher levels of germination occurred with a 14 h L: 10 h D cycle compared with 13 h L: 11 h D or 12 h L: 12 h D. Azygospores germinate relatively slowly and germination rates were greatest between 4 and 8 days, with a total of 71.8 or 72.5% germination by 16 days at 14 h L: 10 h D and 15 or 20 °C, respectively. During 1994 and 1995, resting spores began causing infections in experimental larvae in early May, about 1 – 2 weeks prior to gypsy moth egg hatch, and ceased causing infections in mid to late June, when late instars were present. This latter timing is a correction of previously reported information. Bioassays investigating resting spore activity determined that during 1994, once resting spores began germinating in the field, levels of infection were positively associated with soil moisture. Key words: azygospores, resting spores, entomopathogenic fungi, Entomophaga maimaiga, Lymantria dispar, biological control.
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Popp, J. D., W. P. McCaughey, and R. D. H. Cohen. "Effect of grazing system, stocking rate and season of use on herbage intake and grazing behaviour of stocker cattle grazing alfalfa-grass pastures." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a96-125.
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An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of grazing system (continuous and rotational), stocking rate (light, 1.1 steers ha−1; heavy, 2.2 steers ha−1) and season of use on forage intake and grazing behaviour of stocker cattle grazing an approximately 70% alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), 25% meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem & Schult.) and 5% Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski) pasture. To determine organic matter intake, grazed herbage was collected with esophageal fistulated cattle and analyzed for in vitro digestible organic matter while fecal output was determined using chromic oxide. These variables were used to calculate organic matter intake. Daily herbage consumption (g OM kg BW−0.75 d−1 and kg OM d−1) did not differ (P > 0.05) for either grazing system or stocking rate from 1991 to 1993, with the exception of greater (P < 0.05) intakes at light compared with heavy stocking rates (10.9 vs. 8.4 kg OM d−1) late in the 1991 season. Grazing time was usually lower (8.9 vs. 10.3 h (3-yr mean); P < 0.05) in lightly than in heavily stocked pastures. As available herbage increased, cattle spent less time grazing (y = 12.46 − 0.00103 x; r = 0.48, RSD = 2.04, P < 0.001; where y = grazing time and x = herbage mass). Biting rates ranged from 28 to 32 bites min−1, regardless of year, season, grazing system or stocking rate. Rate of intake (g OM kg−1BW−0.75 h−1) did not differ (P > 0.05) for either grazing system, although it tended to be greater (P < 0.10) at light than at heavy stocking rates. As animals in lightly stocked pastures spent less time grazing, herbage was consumed at an increased rate, which was reflected in increased average daily gain (y = 0.28 + 0.067 x; r = 0.86, RSD = 0.14, P < 0.001; where y = daily gain and x = intake rate). Our results suggest that daily herbage consumption was not affected by grazing system or stocking rate; however, at lower stocking rates, grazing time declined and intake rate tended to increase. Key words: Alfalfa, cattle, ingestive behaviour, pasture
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HERTEL, J., B. HABERL, J. HAMBURGER, and W. HAAS. "Description of a tandem repeated DNA sequence of Echinostoma caproni and methods for its detection in snail and plankton samples." Parasitology 126, no. 5 (May 2003): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182003003093.
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Echinostome larval stages in the snail have a great potential as effective competitors for the control of schistosomes and adult worms can cause painful intestinal diseases in humans. Ecology and transmission of the larval stages of trematodes are poorly understood, especially because their identification in field-collected samples by microscopy is difficult. We cloned, sequenced and analysed a 192 bp tandem repreated DNA sequence of Echinostoma caproni (EcSau3A), an often discussed antagonist of Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria snails. PCR primers against this sequence can detect less than 10 fg of E. caproni DNA, 2 miracidia in snails 1 day p.i., 1 metacercaria in 50 mg snail tissue and 1 cercaria in 50 mg plankton with high specificity. Methods described in this study can support the discovery of fundamental ecological principles on distribution, host specificity and epidemiology of E. caproni larvae under field conditions.
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Martanto Adji, Bayu, Taufika Ophiyandri, Meyadtri Anita, and Nike Angelia. "Determination of the priority for arterial and collector road handling in Solok city, West Sumatra province." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927603014.
Full textAbstract:
When handling roads, there should not be any roads that are neglected. Due to the limitation of funds, among the roads that have to be maintained, it is not necessarily possible to handle all of them with the same priority. It is necessary to prioritise road handling by considering the conditions and factors that influence its use. Roads that are used more often will be prioritised when it comes to maintenance. The data used in this study consisted of secondary and primary data. The secondary data was obtained from the Public Works Office of Solok City (Database of Solok City Roads, 2017) and Bappeda (RPJMD and RTRW). 8 segments of road were observed. Traffic volume surveys were conducted for 2 x 24 hours. Furthermore, questionnaires were distributed to support the secondary data, and 30 respondents answered. Six criteria were considered: Condition Factors (A), Traffic Volume Factors (B), Economic Factors (C), Policy Factors (D) Land Use Factors (E), and Side Building Factors and Road Complement (F). This study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method developed by Thomas L. Saaty. This method will simplify the complex multi-criteria problem into a priority scale hierarchy. The results of the AHP method analysis were included in a mathematical model as according to Brojonegoro (1991).The results showed that the priority for routine road maintenance was “Traffic Light Pandan - Tanjung Paku” road section (033), the priority for periodic road maintenance was “SMP 1 Simpang Damar” road section (047) and the priority for road improvement in general was “Simpang Sigege - Ampang Kualo” road section (051).a
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Shen, Xiaonan Susan. "Question intonation in natural speech: A study of Changsha Chinese." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21, no. 1 (June 1991): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300005971.
Full textAbstract:
Yes-no questions, when unmarked morphologically and syntactically, are marked intonationally. The intonation of this kind of question is generally characterized either by a terminal rise or a higher overall fundamental frequency (F0). Ultan (1978) found that 38 of a sample of 53 languages use the first pattern, and 18 the second. Even in tone languages, these two patterns are not unusual. For example, yes-no questions in Hausa have a final jump to an extra high level regardless of the nature of the final tones (Miller & Tench 1980); in Mandarin both the top line and the bottom line delimiting the pitch range are raised in question intonation (Shen 1990). However, the existence of a downward intonation as an alternative, for instance in English (Bolinger 1989) and French (Fonagy & Berard 1973) has been reported. Although a number of languages have been shown to have a fall for this kind of question, it remains uncertain just how the property of being a question is conveyed. This paper attempts to investigate this issue through an acoustical analysis and a perceptual test of Changsha Chinese, a 6-tone Chinese dialect of the Xiang group, spoken in Hunan. This dialect is selected, because (1) no tone sandhi occurs in this dialect, facilitating the interpretation of the F0contours in the acoustical analysis; and (2) no empirical study of F0in this dialect has been previously conducted. While the majority of empirical works on intonation use data collected from read speech, this study undertakes the exploration of natural speech.
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Ali, Nazim, Zahid Ali, and Adnan Khan. "An Investigation into the Mediating Effects of Organizational Commitment Between Psychological Capital and Work Engagement." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. II (June 30, 2019): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-ii).40.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this study was to investigate not only the relationship between Psychological Capital and Work Engagement but also to test the mediating role of Organizational Commitment. A cross-sectional design was used. Data was collected from 226 nurses of the threelarge hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. The PCQ, UWES-9 and Meyer and Allen (1991) scales were used as measuring instruments. The results of the study reveal a significant relationship between 1) Psychological Capital and Work Engagement, 2) Psychological Capital and Organizational Commitment, 3) Organizational Commitment and Work Engagement. It was also found that Organizational Commitment partially mediated the relationship between Psychological Capital and Work Engagement. The study will further contribute to the existing literature on positive organizational behavior.
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Puro, Vincenzo, Gabriella De Carli, Nicola Petrosillo, and Giuseppe Ippolito. "Risk of Exposure to Bloodborne Infection for Italian Healthcare Workers, by Job Category and Work Area." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 22, no. 4 (April 2001): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501890.
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AbstractObjective:To analyze the rate of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids from all sources and specifically from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected sources among hospital workers, by job category and work area.Design:Multicenter prospective study. Occupational exposure data (numerator) and full-time equivalents ([FTEs] denominator) were collected over a 5-year period (1994-1998) and analyzed.Setting:18 Italian urban acute-care hospitals with infectious disease units.Results:A total of 10,988 percutaneous and 3,361 mucocutaneous exposures were reported. The highest rate of percutaneous exposure per 100 FTEs was observed among general surgery (11%) and general medicine (10.6%) nurses, the lowest among infectious diseases (1.1%) and laboratory (1%) physicians. The highest rates of mucocutaneous exposure were observed among midwives (5.3%) and dialysis nurses (4.7%), the lowest among pathologists (0%). Inadequate sharps disposal and the prevalence of sharps in the working unit influence the risk to housekeepers. The highest combined HIV exposure rates were observed among nurses (7.8%) and physicians (1.9%) working in infectious disease units. The highest rates of high-risk percutaneous exposures per 100 FTE were again observed in nurses regardless of work area, but this risk was higher in medical areas than in surgery (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-2.5; P<.0001).Conclusion:Exposure risk is related to job tasks, as well as to the type and complexity of care provided in different areas, whereas HIV exposure risk mainly relates to the prevalence of HIV-infected patients in a specific area. The number of accident-prone procedures, especially those involving the use of hollow-bore needles, performed by job category influence the rate of exposure with high risk of infection. Job- and area-specific exposure rates permit monitoring of the effectiveness of targeted interventions and control measures over time.
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Nguyen, Hung, J. J. Schoenau, K. C. J. Van Rees, Dang Nguyen, and P. Qian. "Long-term nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization of cassava influences soil chemical properties in North Vietnam." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-048.
Full textAbstract:
The long-term effects of yearly fertilizer applications on soil chemical properties and nutrient availability are not well documented for cassava (Manihot esculenta) production in Vietnam. In 1990, research plots were established (randomized complete block design) with 12 treatments to test effects of different rates of N, P and K on soil properties in Acrisols (FAO-UNESCO Soil Classification) at Thai Nguyen University, North Vietnam. In June 1998, composite soil samples (0- to 10-cm and 10- to 20-cm depth) were collected from each plot. Nine years of N application significantly reduced the labile pools of soil inorganic P, total soil P and soil extractable K and Mg. Total soil N was only slightly increased in the 10- to 30-cm depth. Long-term applications of P significantly increased soil inorganic P fractions, but reduced concentrations and supply rates of nitrate and K. Moreover, 9 yr of K application significantly increased soil organic C (two depths), soil total N (10-30 cm) and soil extractable K in the 0- to 10-cm depth. Generally, the results show that long-term applications of mineral fertilizers in a ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 2:1:2 (at the rates of 80 N:40 P2O5:80 K2O or 160 N:80 P2O5:160 K2O) are effective in maintaining the total content and availability of applied nutrients, but when applied alone are associated with decreases in other nutrients. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers, cassava, ion exchange resin, soil properties
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Harder, D. E., B. R. Baum, and B. D. McCallum. "Virulence in populations of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici in Canada from 1952 to 1998: a non-parametric analysis." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 556–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-028.
Full textAbstract:
Six hundred and twenty six isolates of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici that were collected and stored between 1952 and 1998 were identified using 32 single-gene differential wheat lines. These pathotypes represented isolates from field surveys, nursery collections, and from greenhouse experiments. Infection type data was converted to a binary data matrix with a 0 (resistant) or 1 (susceptible) numeral assigned to each isolate for each differential line. The Gower coefficient of similarity was determined for every pair of isolates, then they were clustered using the non-parametric cluster analysis MODECLUS. Eight significantly different clusters were obtained from an overall heterogeneous database of 405 unique pathotypes representing all regions of Canada. For further analysis, isolates obtained only from field survey collections were selected and divided by region of collection into Pacific (45 pathotypes), prairie (191 pathotypes), and eastern Canadian (83 pathotypes) populations. The Pacific population, which was both sexually and asexually reproducing, consisted of two clusters. The prairie population, strictly asexually reproducing, consisted of nine clusters, and the eastern population, which may be partially sexually reproducing, had three clusters. The Pacific population was shown to be significantly different from the prairie and eastern populations, while the prairie and eastern populations were less distinct. The pathotype composition of the regional clusters, reliability of cluster segregation using non-parametric analysis, and usefulness of the data to contribute to a revised nomenclature of P. graminis f.sp. tritici, are evaluated.Key words: stem rust, black rust, wheat, specific virulence.