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1
Marshall, Anna-Maria, and Susan Sterett. "Legal Mobilization and Climate Change: The Role of Law in Wicked Problems." Oñati Socio-legal Series 9, no. 9(3) (August 1, 2019): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1059.
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Climate change is a wicked problem, a framework not often used in sociolegal studies. The problem is complex, not readily named, and not limited to one jurisdiction. Therefore, the places of law are multiple: human rights instruments, supranational tribunals, regional courts, and local governments and NGOS. Litigation concerning responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions has largely not resulted in favorable judgments, and the papers in this collection turn to other ways of conceptualizing law and courts in responding to climate change. Relevant legal strategies include environmental legal enforcement, but also changes in investment, and response to the many disasters that are related to climate change. The papers in this collection travel across jurisdictions, actors and problems to assess legal strategies concerning climate change. El cambio climático es un problema perverso, un marco poco usado en los estudios sociojurídicos. El problema es complejo, de difícil denominación, y no está limitado a una sola jurisdicción. Por lo tanto, el derecho tiene muchos espacios: instrumentos de derechos humanos, tribunales supranacionales, juzgados regionales y gobiernos y ONG locales. Los litigios sobre responsabilidades por emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero no han solido acabar con veredictos favorables, y los artículos de esta colección miran hacia otras formas de conceptualizar el derecho y los tribunales como respuesta al cambio climático. Estrategias legales importantes incluyen la aplicación del derecho, pero también cambios en inversiones y respuestas a los múltiples desastres relacionados con el cambio climático. Los artículos de este número navegan por varias jurisdicciones, agentes y problemas para valorar las estrategias jurídicas sobre cambio climático.
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Zimkus, Breda M., Linda S. Ford, and Paul J. Morris. "The Need for Permit Management within Biodiversity Collection Management Systems to Digitally Track Legal Compliance Documentation and Increase Transparency About Origins and Uses." Collection Forum 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14351/0831-4985-35.1.1.
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Abstract A growing number of domestic and international legal issues are confronting biodiversity collections, which require immediate access to information documenting the legal aspects of specimen ownership and restrictions regarding use. The Nagoya Protocol, which entered into force in 2014, established a legal framework for access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources and has notable implications for collecting, researchers working with specimens, and biodiversity collections. Herein, we discuss how this international protocol mandates operating changes within US biodiversity collections. Given the new legal landscape, it is clear that digital solutions for tracking records at all stages of a specimen's life cycle are needed. We outline how the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) has made changes to its procedures and museum-wide database, MCZbase (an independent instance of the Arctos collections management system), linking legal compliance documentation to specimens and transactions (i.e., accessions, loans). We used permits, certificates, and agreements associated with MCZ specimens accessioned in 2018 as a means to assess a new module created to track compliance documentation, a controlled vocabulary categorizing these documents, and the automatic linkages established among documentation, specimens, and transactions. While the emphasis of this work was a single year test case, its successful implementation may be informative to policies and collection management systems at other institutions.
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Smith, Malcolm. "Building an Asian Law Collection." International Journal of Legal Information 28, no. 2 (2000): 362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500009148.
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It is now thirty years since I commenced research work and teaching in the field of Asian Law, focussing mainly on Japanese Law. Over those three decades, there has been a substantial change in the resources available, the uses made of those resources, and the feasibility of establishing any sort of substantive collection. I thought it would be most useful if I attempt in the discussion today to outline some of the key policy issues and choices which seem to me to face Law librarians when they are subjected to the demands of a growing body of Asian Law specialists to focus on building an Asian legal materials collection. I have called in aid the experiences of three of my colleagues, one in the field of Japanese Law, one in the field of Indonesian Law, and the third in the area of Chinese Law, to highlight some of the challenges involved.
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Medvedev, V. G. "Legal Policy of Anti-Soviet Governments in the Tax Sphere During the Russian Civil War." Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки, no. 52 (2021): 210–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2021-52-210-239.
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Introduction: there have been written numerous works about the White movement, but the problems of state regulation of taxes remain unexplored in the historical and legal science.Purpose: this paper aims to study the main directions in the legal policy of anti-Soviet governments in the tax sphere and to determine its impact on the viability of state entities of ‘White’ Russia.Methods: dialectical, formal-logical, functional, and other general scientific research methods; special legal methods: comparative legal and formal legal.Results: we have examined the organization of the tax service, the problems of taxation and collection of taxes and fees; identified the main reasons for the failure of the legal policy of the White governments in this sphere; formulated conclusions about the impossibility of a radical change in tax legislation in the context of the civil war. Conclusions: tax legislation of the White governments was based on the laws of the former Russian Empire and the Provisional Government, with some adjustments being made in accordance with the conditions of the time. The pre-revolutionary tax apparatus was used to collect tax revenues without major changes in its structure. The rising inflation forced the legislators to increase the tax rates, introduce new sources of taxation, and revise tax benefits, with the main focus on the collection of indirect taxes. Since it was impossible to implement fundamental reform of the tax system, there were only made minor changes resulting in the convergence of direct taxes and property taxation. However, the tax authorities turned out to be unable to calculate and assign direct taxes in a timely manner, which was due to the unstable value and profitability of property, rapidly changing in the conditions of galloping inflation. For fear of growing social discontent, the amount of non-taxable income of working citizens was increased threefold, with the function of collecting taxes assigned to the administration of enterprises and institutions. The budgets of the municipalities dragged out a miserable existence since, according to the legislation, they were formed based on a residual principle. The population evaded the voluntary payment of taxes, and the legal policy was based on the use of forceful methods of tax collection with the police and military teams involved.
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Knapp, Aaron T. "From Empire to Law: Customs Collection in the American Founding." Law & Social Inquiry 43, no. 02 (2018): 554–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12352.
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This essay investigates the eighteenth-century origins of the federal administrative state through the prism of customs collection. Until recently, historians and legal scholars have not closely studied collection operations in the early federal custom houses. Gautham Rao's National Duties: Custom Houses and the Making of the American State (2016) offers the most important and thoroughly documented historical analysis to date. Joining a growing historical literature that explains the early development of the US federal political system with reference to imperial models and precedents, Rao shows that the seductive power of commerce over the state within eighteenth-century imperial praxis required the early federal customs officials to “negotiate” their authority with the mercantile community. A paradigm of accommodation dominated American customs collection well into the nineteenth century until Jacksonian centralizers finally began to dismantle it in the 1830s. The book brings welcome light to a long-neglected topic in American history. It offers a nuanced, historiographically attentive interpretation that rests on a broad archival source base. It should command the sustained attention of legal, social, economic, and constitutional historians for it holds the potential to change the way historians think about early federal administration. This essay investigates one of the central questions raised in National Duties: How were the early American custom houses able to successfully administer a comprehensive program of customs duties when their imperial predecessors had proved unable to collect even narrowly tailored ones? Focusing on the Federalist period (1789–1800), I develop an answer that complements Rao's, highlighting administrative change over continuity and finding special significance in the establishment of the first federal judicial system.
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Sage, William M. "Will Embryonic Stem Cells Change Health Policy?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 38, no. 2 (2010): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2010.00493.x.
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Essays on stem cell policy seem to fall into three categories. Some essays in this collection are about logic and principles. Others are about practices and beliefs. The former group draws lines and defends them, a normative project. The latter group attempts to explain the lines that already exist, a descriptive project that may have important normative goals. Still other essays, by scientists, are about growing stem cell lines instead of drawing them.The purpose of this essay is to situate the lines being drawn around stem cell science in the larger landscape of health policy. I am interested in the things that cause health policy to take particular directions and the consequences of those directions for cost, access, and quality — all of which are determined in part by biomedical innovations such as those potentially derived from stem cells.
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Wariah, Yayah, and Amin Purnawan. "Improved Mechanisms Commanditaire Vennootschap (CV) Become A Legal Entity Limited Liability Company (PT)." Jurnal Akta 5, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v5i4.3714.
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Principal difference between a limited partnership or known as CV (Commanditaire Vennootschap) with limited liability company (PT) contained in the legal status, because the CV is a partnership that is not incorporated and responsibilities of the board ally itself to a private property. While the Limited Liability Company (PT) is a legal entity liability company and limited responsibilities.The purpose of this study is to investigate and find out the mechanism of change Guild (CV) Become a Legal Entity Limited Liability Company (PT). To investigate and determine Responsibilities of complementary Allies Against Limited Liability Company (PT) established. The method used is normative, descriptive analysis, data collection is done by using primary data and secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary and tertiary as the main data. After the secondary and primary data collected, then conducted a qualitative analysis. Based on the analysis concluded that the mechanism of the change in form of a CV to PT generally refers to the provisions regulating the CV and the provisions governing PT. Responsibility in complementary ally if the legal actions referred to in Article 12 and Article 13 of the Company Law, then the shift right and duty of the complementary allies into the company and legal actions undertaken by the complementary binding partner company.Keywords: Business Entity; Limited Partnership; Limited Liability Company
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Dewi, Ni Kadek Tisna Aristya, I. Putu Gede Seputra, and Luh Putu Suryani. "Perencanaan Tata Ruang Terbuka Hijau Sesuai Peraturan Daerah Kota Denpasar Nomor 27 Tahun 2011." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 1, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.1.1.2203.154-160.
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The declining quality and quantity of green open space in urban areas has caused a decrease in the quality of the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a research on the Green Open Spatial Planning, especially in Denpasar City the legal provisions of which has been regulated in Regional Regulation No. 27 of 2011. This research analyzes the planning for the use of Green Open Spatial and the mechanism for changing the Green Open Spatial to change its function to become Spatial Settlement. The method used in this research was a normative research method, in which legal data collection was carried out by recording library studies, document studies, information and explanations obtained both from the Laws, Government Regulations and other Regulations that can be further examined which related to this problem. Data analysis in this research was carried out systematically by classification of legal materials to facilitate the analysis work, then Legal materials obtained are then subjected to discussion and grouping into certain sections. The results found that the Green Open Space is an area dominated by plants that are built for protection functions. The pattern of spatial use as a basis for the Denpasar City Government sets Green Open Spaces namely Settlements and Public Facilities. Changes in the pattern of utilization of green open spaces have changed the function resulting in the realization of optimal urban spatial planning. This happened because of the weak awareness of the people of Denpasar City.
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Hendrianto, H., and Lutfi Elfalahy. "Ayat-Ayat Hukum dalam Alquran Mengatur Hubungan Sesama Manusia." Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v6i1.2719.
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This study aims to reveal the legal verses in the Koran, especially the legal verses about human relationships (habluminannas) that have been written in the Koran, as a guide or reference for Muslims. Especially in the case, the number of verses regarding muamalah law is relatively small, especially when compared to the law verses on worship. While the development of life seems to continue to change. while the verse has no changes and additions. This research was conducted with literature study, data collection techniques using documentation techniques with data analysis, namely content analysis. The results show that the verses of muamalah law are classified into 7 (seven) sections, including those related to family law, civil law, criminal law, procedural law, administrative law, economic law, and finance. The verse of law regulates fellow human beings or muamalahs which provide little opportunity for Muslims to implement muamalah activities in accordance with the guidelines contained in the Koran and Hadith, if not explicitly explained it is supported by other legal products such as ushul fiqh and kaedah- fiqh principles.
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Martono, Dwi Budi, Trias Aditya, Subaryono Subaryono, and Prijono Nugroho. "The Legal Element of Fixing the Boundary for Indonesian Complete Cadastre." Land 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010049.
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In 2017, the Indonesian government implemented the systematic land registration (PTSL) process, projected to be finished by 2025. However, this process faces some challenges in the spatial and legal data collection process, resulting in the Indonesian cadastral system still being incomplete. For instance, during the three years of its implementation, out of about 135 million parcels, only 49.5% have been registered. Therefore, the level of completeness needs to be improved. This research aims to assess the compliance of the fixed boundary process’ legal elements, such as the parties that locate the boundary, agreement between the adjoining landowners, and boundary markers. This is a piece of qualitative research in which the data were obtained through interviews from questionnaire surveys to land administration policymakers. Subsequently, the research carried out regulation assessments to develop a country-context cadastre typology of the current cadastral mapping activities. Data were obtained from the results of the PTSL campaign in the Madiun regency. The result showed that the high percentage (i.e., 96.61%) of legal elements regarding the boundary agreement in a rural area could be used as a potential enabler towards achieving completion of the Indonesian cadastre.
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Hadfield, Gillian K. "Innovating to Improve Access: Changing the Way Courts Regulate Legal Markets." Daedalus 143, no. 3 (July 2014): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00290.
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Struggling to navigate a world that is increasingly shaped by legal rules and obligations, most ordinary Americans lack real access to courts. Often this means simply forgoing legal rights and entitlements or giving up in the face of claims of wrongdoing. Among those who cannot avoid courts—such as those facing eviction, collection, or foreclosure and those seeking child support, custodial access, or protection from violence or harassment—the vast majority (as many as 99 percent in some cases) find themselves in court without any legal assistance at all. There are many reasons for this lack of meaningful access, including the underfunding of courts and legal aid, but perhaps the most fundamental is the excessively restrictive American approach to regulating legal markets. This regulation, controlled by the American legal profession and judiciary, closes off the potential for significant reductions in the cost of, and hence increases in access to, courts. Unlike the problem of funding, that is a problem that state courts have the power, if they can find the judicial will, to change.
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Petrechenko, S. A. "CERTAIN ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE LAW OF OWNERSHIP UNDER THE LEGISLATION THAT ACTED ON THE UKRAINIAN LANDS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XIX CENTURY, WHICH WERE PART OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE." Actual problems of native jurisprudence 1, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/392103.
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In the scientific article the author conducts a comprehensive study of the peculiarities of legal regulation of property rights under the legislation in force in the Ukrainian lands, which were part of the Russian Empire in the first half of the nineteenth century. rights, including the “Collection of the Rights of Little Russia”, the Civil Code and the Code of Local Laws of the Western Provinces. As a result of research, the author concludes that the development of the institution of property rights, as well as the codification process in the first half of the nineteenth century. accompanied on Ukrainian lands by significant state and social changes. Depending on how social relations developed and statehood was born, values also changed, priorities expanded, and property increasingly needed legal protection and security. A complex codification process was needed to clearly ensure and legally regulate property and property relations. In particular, the work of 1804–1807 on the systematization of Ukrainian legislation led to the streamlining of the collection of norms, which went down in history as the “Collection of Little Russian Rights” in 1807. This document was a significant contribution to the formation, formation and provision of the foundations for the development of codification law in the Russian Empire in the XIX century. This normative act corresponded not only to the features of clarity and consistency of presentation of material, which was not inherent in imperial law, but also, above all, the goal of legal support was achieved. Subsequently, drafts of the Civil Code and the Code of Local Laws of the Western Provinces of 1837 were issued, which defined the types of property rights, as well as clearly delineated the powers of possession and disposal with property rights, which were absent in previous systematic collections of law. These processes ended with the publication in 1842 of the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire – a document whose rules governed social relations in the Ukrainian lands during the second half of the nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth century.
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Traguetto, Jessica, and Tomas de Aquino Guimaraes. "Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Restorative Justice in the United States: The Process of Institutionalization and the Roles of Judges." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 11 (March 2, 2019): 1971–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19833528.
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The legal systems and the judiciary in many countries have been changed and reformed, with the aim of dispensing justice quicker and more effectively. Some reforms have tried a less adversarial approach to resolving legal disputes, for example, Therapeutic Jurisprudence (TJ) and Restorative Justice (RJ). The objective of this article is to describe how institutionalized these movements are in the United States and the roles played by judges in this process. The data collection involved document analysis, observation of court-hearings, and interviews with 13 judges from several judicial areas involved in TJ and/or RJ judicial proceedings in the United States. Data analysis was undertaken using content analysis and the software NVivo. The results provide evidence that (a) these movements are in a process of divergent change implementation; (b) judges who engage with these approaches act as institutional entrepreneurs; and (c) the judges interviewed can be classified into four roles that are complementary in the promotion of TJ/RJ: promoter, author, convener, and maintainer.
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Fazili, Yousra Y. "Perspectives on Islamic Law, Justice and Society." American Journal of Islam and Society 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v19i1.1964.
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This short, 207 page book is a refreshing overview of Islamic legal principlesand new trends within Islamic societies. Though Islamic law has oftenbeen viewed as a sluggish monolith, it is actually a rather dynamic field.R.S. Khare has assembled a number of distinguished academics to discussIslamic law, not as a homogenous entity, but rather in light of the reality:that Islamic law is multi-faceted, varied, highly regional and must beviewed in light of historical changes.Thus, this collection of essays focuses upon the manner in whichIslamic law, as an organic law, is constantly reconciling historically changingsocio-economic conditions with modernity and technology. The collectionis organized in three parts. The first part outlines the concept oflslamiclaw, formal legal institutions and traditional .Islamic scholarship. The secondportion of the book focuses on the regionalism of lslamic law and themanner in which the colonial period had a provocative impact upon theevolution and endurance of certain Islamic legal institutions. The final portionof the collection uses two interesting cases in which modernity andtechnology are problematizing and calling for a fundamental rethinking ofseemingly "basic" principles.The unifying theme of the essays is the manner in which Islamic societiestoday are dealing with modernity and the manner in which technologicaladvancements and global changes affect Islamic societies and conceptswithin Islamic law. Though at times the collection seems fragmented due tothe different disciplines of the authors, this variety allows for a solid andnuanced understanding of the issues ...
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Kopcha, Vasyl. "Methodology of legal phenomenon research: concept, structure, tools." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.08.
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This article is aimed at exploring the methodology of the legal phenomenon. Particular attention was paid to such aspects as clarifying the main approaches to understanding the methodology and how it relates to the research methodology; study of the scope and structure of the concept of methodology; outlining the main research methods.
The author draws conclusions from the results of the study. First, the methodology for the study of legal phenomena needs to be updated based on a change in the legal paradigm associated with the understanding of law (relation to the state and its functions) and the formation of legal reality at the beginning of the 21st century both at national and international level. the legal aspect. Secondly, the current methodology of legal research continues to be in the co-ordinates of an important dilemma regarding the correlation of "purely" legal research methods and so-called "interdisciplinary" approaches. Third, the methodological tools (specific research methods) of legal science remain inexhaustible in content and, in particular, in the possible combinations of their application to achieve a cognitive result. The extension of their catalog is influenced by the development of jurisprudence and other sciences, their epistemological components, and the processes of globalization and internationalization of legal life.
Concerning the optimal research methodology (as opposed to its methodology), it should be noted that in the course of legal research the algorithm of actions is as follows: 1) selection of the research coordination center; 2) literature review; 3) hypothesis formulation; 4) research design; 5) data collection; 6) data analysis; 7) interpretation of data; report. Of course, it should be borne in mind that law is not in a vacuum, it operates in a complex social context. It reflects and controls attitudes and behaviors. However, as these rules are also temporal and spatial, that is, they change with time and space, it is desirable that law can adapt and be dynamic to cope with change. Important is the social audit of law (law) in order to identify the distance between the legal ideal and social reality, as well as to find out the reasons that led them. After all, legal research is a systematic understanding of law in order to improve it and, given that law operates in society, in the process they influence one another.
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Ashokbhai Bhatt, Atul. "Information needs, perceptions and quests of law faculty in the digital era." Electronic Library 32, no. 5 (September 30, 2014): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-11-2012-0152.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the law faculty members’ information needs and seeking behaviour to provide library resources and services in a better way. Libraries play a very important role in supporting legal education and legal research. The past decade has brought about a sea of change in the relationship between library and user. Information technology enabled new products and services, and the availability of online information resources has changed the provision of services in legal academic institutions. In this context, library professionals working in a legal academic library are required to have a sound knowledge of the information needs, perceptions and information-seeking behaviour of legal academicians and users to ensure solid collection development, to provide effective library services and to satisfy the needs of library users. Librarians are professionally committed to update a core, qualitative and need-based collection for the optimum utilization of the resources for the greater satisfaction of the user community. Design/methodology/approach – This study used questionnaire-based survey methods. A questionnaire was designed and administered to the law faculty to investigate the information-seeking behaviour at the Institute of Law, Nirma University (ILNU). The study is limited to faculty members of ILNU. Data were collected through the surveys based on a well-structured questionnaire and personal interviews. An in-depth literature search on topics related to the research work was also carried out. Findings – The results of this research showed that law faculty members used a range of information sources to pursue their teaching, research and academic work. When they use print resources, many respondents preferred books/reference books, law reports, statutes and journals. The study also revealed that a number of respondents preferred to use Information and Communication Technology-based library resources in comparison to print resources, with most of them stating that they have very good computing skills. This use may be due to availability, advancement and promotion of legal e-resources. HeinOnline is the most preferred online database, followed by Westlaw India and Manupatra. It is also noted that most of the faculty members have reported that Internet-based items are preferred over conventional documents for teaching and that the Internet has expedited the research process; thus, overall dependency on Internet access has increased. Practical implications – The findings of the paper will help library and information science practitioners working in academic law libraries to address the key factors which influence users’ intention to seek information and to intensify their performance to meet user needs and perceptions. Results will also be useful to them in collection development. Originality/value – The paper is relevant and useful to those who are interested to know the trends of information needs and determine the information-seeking behaviour and users’ perceptions for library resources of legal professionals. This study is also useful to librarians who are professionally committed to update a core, qualitative and need-based collection for the optimum utilization of the resources for the greater satisfaction of the user community.
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De Beer, Marietjie, Marieta Van der Merwe, Liezl Ball, and Ina Fourie. "Legal deposit of electronic books – a review of challenges faced by national libraries." Library Hi Tech 34, no. 1 (March 21, 2016): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-06-2015-0060.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges faced by national libraries regarding the legal deposit of electronic books, and to make recommendations for issues to consider – especially with regard to developing, planning and implementing. Design/methodology/approach – Literature published from 2000 to 2014 on legal deposit of electronic publications was examined. Key databases covering library and information science were searched, and case studies, general reviews, research papers/reports and view point articles were considered. Findings – National libraries embarking on projects on legal deposit of electronic books need to consider the collection, preservation and accessibility of the legal deposit collection. They face challenges regarding legal deposit legislation and institutional policy, legal considerations such as copyright, environmental factors, established mechanisms for deposit, information retrieval and access, preservation, human resources, financial implications and trust. Further research and continued monitoring of issues of concern and changes are required due to technological developments and the obsolescence of technology. Practical implications – The review raises awareness of issues that need to be considered by national libraries and other repositories to manage the legal deposit of electronic books in their institutions. Originality/value – The review can serve as a guide for nations (particularly in developing countries) to embark on the legal deposit of electronic publications, specifically electronic books.
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Koeva, Nikoohemat, Elberink, Morales, Lemmen, and Zevenbergen. "Towards 3D Indoor Cadastre Based on Change Detection from Point Clouds." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11171972.
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3D Cadastre models capture both the complex interrelations between physical objects and their corresponding legal rights, restrictions, and responsibilities. Most of the ongoing research on 3D Cadastre worldwide is focused on interrelations at the level of buildings and infrastructures. So far, the analysis of such interrelations in terms of indoor spaces, considering the time aspect, has not been explored yet. In The Netherlands, there are many examples of changes in the functionality of buildings over time. Tracking these changes is challenging, especially when the geometry of the spaces changes as well; for example, a change in functionality, from administrative to residential use of the space or a change in the geometry when merging two spaces in a building without modifying the functionality. To record the changes, a common practice is to use 2D plans for subdivisions and assign new rights, restrictions, and responsibilities to the changed spaces in a building. In the meantime, with the advances of 3D data collection techniques, the benefits of 3D models in various forms are increasingly being researched. This work explores the opportunities for using 3D point clouds to establish a platform for 3D Cadastre studies in indoor environments. We investigate the changes in time of the geometry of the building that can be automatically detected from point clouds, and how they can be linked with a Land Administration Model (LADM) and included in a 3D spatial database, to update the 3D indoor Cadastre. The results we have obtained are promising. The permanent changes (e.g., walls, rooms) are automatically distinguished from dynamic changes (e.g., human, furniture) and are linked to the space subdivisions.
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Callens, Stefaan. "Legal Aspects of Personalized Health Monitoring." European Journal of Health Law 19, no. 5 (2012): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12341241.
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Abstract Personal health monitoring (PHM) can be defined as comprising all technical systems, processing, collecting, and storing of data linked to a person. PHM involves several legal issues that are described in this article. This article analyses firstly the short term actions that are needed at the European level to allow personal health monitoring in respect of the interests and rights of patients such as the need to have more harmonized medical liability rules at the EU level. Introducing PHM implies also legal action at the EU level on the long run. These long-term actions are related to e.g., the way in which hospitals are organized in their relation with healthcare professionals and with other hospitals or healthcare actors. The paper will finally analyse also how health monitoring projects may change the traditional (non-) relationship between patients and pharmaceutical/medical device industry. Today, the producers and distributors of medicinal products have no specific contact with patients. This situation may change when applying telemonitoring projects and may require to new legal rules.
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Handoko, Rais Firdaus. "Weakness Of Political Law Notice Not Reflecting Justice For Notary." Jurnal Akta 7, no. 1 (June 14, 2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v7i1.9190.
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The purpose of this paper is to show the role and authority of the Notary Public profession as a non-ASN official, and the need for a change in notary law politics in the form of changes to the formation of Notary regulations in the future so as to better guarantee justice and welfare for the Notaries. This study uses a normative juridical type of research with the specification of the study conducted analytically descriptive. Normative research uses secondary data types, namely data obtained from library studies. Data collection methods used by conducting Library Research (literature study) and techniques used in deciphering and processing the data collected is a qualitative description.Weaknesses of Notary regulations, both in the Civil Code and statutory regulations, are said by State officials but in practice the Notary independently looks for his own clients, so that it is more appropriate to say a general profession than State officials because they do not receive salary from the State and the role of the Notary from time to time is not doubt. Thanks to the performance of the Notary, economic traffic is particularly related to agreements, commitments, inheritance, etc., legal actions by the people who need and carry out legal actions helped in proving authentic deeds, so that they get legal certainty.This writing concludes that the Notary Public is a public official who is not an ASN official and needs further study by the government in the future in revising the Notary regulations. Also his advice on notary legal politics needs to be changed and the government of the relevant institutions authorized to form legislation should involve senior Notaries in revising Notary regulations.Keywords: Political Law; Notary; Justice.
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T. I., Tarakhonych. "The Essential Characteristics of the Legal Doctrine." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (August 2020): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-41.
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The article describes the scientific approaches to understanding of the legal doctrine. It is underlined that the legal doctrine should be regarded as a system of conceptual ideas, views on law, which have been formed for a certain period, has a meaningful content and the practical dimension. The author emphasis its features. The legal doctrine is a collection of certain ideas, views, and provisions; is a scientifically interpreted and recognized by the scientific community; it is formed because of fundamental scientific researches of both theoretical and sectoral character, it is part of the system of law sources. It is able to meet the new conditions of the development of society and state, which testifies to its active nature and ability to change, has functional orientation and genetic connection, since ideas arise, formed, have certain continuity, dynamism and variability; it should be a fundamental basis for legal, law-enforcement, and legal interpretation activity. It is underlined that the process of the legal doctrine formation is characterized by the stages of origin, formation and its practical implementation beginning from the antiquity and to our times. It is caused by the peculiarities of the legal doctrine, long period of its formation, the possibility of using of its ideas and provisions in legal, law-enforcement and interpretation practice. The particular attention is paid to the basic functions of legal doctrine, i.e. ontology, gnoseological, anthropological, axiological, methodological, predictive, etc. Keywords: Doctrine, Legal Doctrine, Law, Peculiarities of Legal Doctrine, Formation Stages of Legal Doctrine, Functions of Legal Doctrine.
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Adi Palguna, I. Made Gede. "Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Perceraian Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil." Jurnal Ilmiah Raad Kertha 2, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47532/jirk.v2i2.158.
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Marriage is a bond the inner and outer man and woman as husband and wife with the aim offorming a family or household that is happy and eternal based on one supreme divinity. Divorce is theelemination of the marriage with the decision of the judge or the demands of one of the parties to themarriage.Civil servants who will do the divorce or certificate in advance of the official. Issues raisedin this research is how the procedure to be followed for civil servants to obtain a permit divorce andhow the legal consequences arising from divorce for civil servants. This study is the legal normative,conceptual approach and approach the laws. Legal materials used are the primary legal material andsecondary legal materials. Collection of legal material is done by quoting, summarizing and providesreviews and documentation of primary legal materials. Analysis of legal material used are collectinglegal material which is then analyzed systematically. Procedure to be followed in obtaining permitsdivorce for civil servants is a must have permission from his superiors to those in change of civilservants. Environment, respectively the first to be attempted reconciliation between the husband andwife, if not succesful, then the officer tok the decision at the request of the divorce license with considerthe reason the reason. Legal consequences arising from divorce to civil servants is due to the law of thehusband and wife are legal consequences for children are sharing custody of children as a result ofmarital property, namely the division of joint property or possessions together.
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Pradikto, Sugeng. "Strategies, Constraints and Solutions to Change STKIP PGRI Pasuruan to PGRI Wiranegara University." Praniti Wiranegara (Journal on Research Innovation and Development in Higher Education) 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53602/pwjridhe.v1i1.21.
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The fact that the number of new students starting from 2016 to 2019 tends to continue to decline, so STKIP PGRI Pasuruan must immediately turn into a university. These changes are a form of adaptation to the demands of environmental changes and government policies. What are the strategies, constraints and solutions for changing STKIP PGRI Pasuruan into university? The purpose of this study si : to explain the best practice of changing from STKIP PGRI to university. This study uses a qualitative approach to see the phenomenon of organizational change at STKIP PGRI Pasuruan. The Change Task Force Team is a key informant. Data collection by in-depth interviews (Depth interview). While the researchers themselves as the main instrument in data collection. Furthermore, the data analysis used is “interactive data analysis”. In the end of study, The results of the research are explained as follows: The preparations and strategies carried out are formulating a vision of change that reads GO TO UNIVERSITY and forming a solid task force team and choosing the right consultant (Coach). Leaders identify and consolidate resources that are and are not available, design the implementation of changes so that they can run well and are conducive. Whereas resistance at the organizational level is the formation of a new culture with new values as implications of the new organizational structure and hierarchy, the individual level of resistance appears insecurity and discomfort as implications of changes in organizational structure and hierarchy. Obstacles in preparation for the legal aspects, namely the status of land ownership and land area are still lacking, the solution is to change the name of the certificate in the name of PPLPP PGRI Pasuruan and increase the lack of land area from personal assets of Dr. Sugeng Pradikto, M.Pd. while the implementation obstacle is the resistance of the candidate for the Acting Chancellor with the solution for the position of the Acting Chancellor concurrently by the Chairperson of the PPLPP PGRI Pasuruan. Strategies, Constraints and Solutions to Change STKIP PGRI Pasuruan to PGRI Wiranegara University oleh SUGENG PRADIKTO disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-NonKomersial-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.Berdasarkan ciptaan pada http://ojs.uniwara.ac.id/index.php/PWJridhe/article/view/21/2. Salin kode ini untuk memberitahu pengunjung situs web Anda!
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Sirait, Raja, Made Warka, Krisnadi Nasution, and Otto Yudianto. "LEGAL ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT BASED ON INDONESIA'S LEGAL SYSTEM." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v7i3.25778.
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<p>The purpose of this study is to examine further regarding the legal accountability of the public accountants on financial statements in the Indonesian legal system. This research is important to conduct due to the public accounting profession that has a significant role to express opinions about fairness in all material matters, financial position, results of operations, changes in equity, and cash flows in accordance with general accounting principles accepted in Indonesia. In other words, the responsibility of public accountants is to express opinions on financial statements. Public accountants are responsible for planning and carrying out audits in order to obtain adequate assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by errors or fraud. Financial statements are the responsibility of management, and the public accounting profession cannot just be punished. This research is a normative legal research. The data used is secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The data collection techniques use literature study, while data validation techniques use source criticism. The data is analyzed by using legal interpretation methods to obtain answers to the questions examined. The results show that a public accountant can have criminal and civil liability in carrying out the duties when publishing a company's financial statements.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
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McGeveran, William, and Caroline Schmitz. "General-Purpose Privacy Regulation and Translational Genomics." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, no. 1 (2020): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520917002.
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At one time, specialized health privacy laws represented the bulk of the rules regulating genetic privacy, Today, however, as both the field of genomics and the content of privacy law change rapidly, a new generation of general-purpose privacy laws may impose new restrictions on collection, storage, and disclosure of genetic data. This article surveys these laws and considers implications.
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Greely, Henry T. "The Future of DTC Genomics and the Law." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, no. 1 (2020): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520917003.
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Direct-to-Consumer (“DTC”) genomics has been a controversial topic for over a decade. Much work has been done on the legal issues it raises. This article asks a different question: What will DTC genomics and its legal issues look like in ten to twenty years? After discussing the five current uses of DTC genomics, it describes three current legal issues: medical uses, privacy of genomic information, and privacy in collection and analysis of human DNA. It then suggests that changes in human genomics and how it is used will make the first of those DTC genomics legal issues less important in the future, but that the third will be increasingly significant.
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Hess, Gerald F. "Qualitative Research on Legal Education: Studying Outstanding Law Teachers." Alberta Law Review 51, no. 4 (August 18, 2014): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr45.
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This article advocates that law schools and law teachers should use high quality, rigorous, qualitative research to help them make thoughtful changes in response to current challenges facing legal education. Regardless of the type of study, qualitative research involves a five stage process: (1) study design and ethics; (2) sampling; (3) data collection; (4) data analysis; and (5) the research report.This article illustrates each stage of the qualitative research process through a study of outstanding law teachers that was reported in the recent book, What the Best Law Teachers Do. This book is based on a study that was designed to identify the characteristics and practices of extraordinary law teachers who have significant, positive, long-term effects on their students.
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Vasiliev, A. A., Yu V. Pechatnova, and Yu V. Pechatnova. "Legal and environmental problems of personal data protection under commercialization of Big Data." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 5 (October 20, 2020): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_218.
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The article deals with the legal-environmental problems of personal data protection related to the use of artificial intelligence-based programs of information collection, processing and storage. The normative and legal acts on personal data protection are presented, attention is paid to the international experience of legal regulation of this field. The scope of the changes that have occurred in the field of personal data protection due to the appearance and rapid increase of the "Big Data". The materials of the jurisprudence on the commercialization of the "Big Data" and, as a consequence, the violation of the existing legal regime of personal data protection are analyzed. In conclusion, a legal assessment of the risks of deanonymization of personal data and possible options to address the problem of implementation of personal data legislation in an era of rapid development of Big Data are proposed.
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Ramadayanti, Sonya Liani. "Position of Tax Debt and Labour Right: Legal Review." Journal La Sociale 1, no. 4 (September 22, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v1i4.131.
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This study aims to explain the position of tax debt and labour right in bankruptcy. The legal research method used in this research using normative research, the legal rules and legal principles used related to bankruptcy law, tax law and labour law will be a reference in describing the problem of the position of tax debt and labour right in bankruptcy cases. The Taxation Law gives a special treatment and higher position on which the tax debt is first to be paid by the debtor and followed by the right borne by the separatist creditor. On the other hand, Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Employment also regulates that the labour of the wages and other rights of the labour and positioned the labour as preferred creditor on which the privilege is given by the law. However, there are no statements in the Employment Law that stated the position of labour as a preferred creditor is higher than separatist creditor in the matter of bankrupt as what the Taxation Kaw expressed creditor is higher than the separatist creditor within the matter of tax payment. That distinction seems positioned the preferred creditor status of labour is lower than the position of separatist creditor on the matter of right fulfillment in bankruptcy. It is certainty that the statement which stated that the collection of tax debts have the right to preceded than other debts does not fit in this matter. Eventually, there is a decision of Constitutional Court Number 67/PUU-XI/2013 that provides a change within the position labour’s right on the matter of bankruptcy.
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Bui, Nguyen Khanh, Thanh Ly Nguyen, Khanh Duong Phan, and Anh Thu Nguyen. "Legal framework for recycling domestic solid waste in Vietnam: situation and recommendation." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 11009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016411009.
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In recent years, the environmental pollution caused by a large amount of domestic solid waste generated in localities across the country is a challenge that governments of all levels, sectors and localities need to focus on solving. In order to make a substantial change in the domestic solid waste management, improve environmental quality and contribute to improving the quality of people’s lives, the Vietnamese Goverment is actively implementing specific activities to strengthen the management and recycle of domestic solid waste throughout the country. Besides, in the current legal documents, there is still a lack of guidance on appropriate technology selection and technical guidance on domestic solid waste collection, storage, treatment and recycle. Solid waste recycling activities are still scattered, spontaneous and lack the management and control of the competent authorities on environmental protection in the locality. The majority of recycling facilities are small in scale, the level of technology investment is not high, the majority of technologies are outdated and the machinery and equipment are obsolete, which causes environmental pollution. This article focuses on the challenges of recycling domestic solid waste in Vietnam. It also provides causes and recommendation to amend and supplement regulations related to recycling domestic solid waste in Vietnam
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Anesa, Patrizia. "The Popularization of Environmental Rights in TED Talks." Pólemos 12, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pol-2018-0012.
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Abstract Knowledge about the discursive strategies employed in environmental communication when addressing social practices is fundamental in order to understand how the public’s active engagement and behavioral change can be brought about, encouraged or discouraged through environmental discourse. This paper purports to investigate the representation and popularization of environmental rights in media texts, with particular focus on TED talks. More specifically, the analysis aims to explore which and how communicative meanings are continuously constructed around environmental issues. The popularization strategies present in a collection of TED talks are investigated, and processes of accommodation and simplification are analyzed with the aim to point out any discrepancies between the nature of rights in legal texts, and their textual realization in non-legal examples. The analysis traces the malleability of terminology related to environmental rights and shows how the selective usage of qualifying words like “sustainability” and “solidarity” can contribute to the fungibility of the concept of “environmental right” itself. The paper also emphasizes the broad social importance assumed by the mismatch between the need for clear legal definitions and the leverage of vague terminology to favor specific policies.
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Polgar, Nenad, Sigrid Müller, Katharina Mairinger, and Todd A. Salzman. "Introduction." Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society 6, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/23642807-00601001.
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Abstract Two generations after the proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, there is a need to evaluate what has been achieved when it comes to discussions on human dignity and human rights in terms of their foundations and applications. This issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society addresses this task from the point of view of theological ethics and religious studies. Part One of this collection provides a solid foundation for defining human dignity and promoting human rights. Part Two demonstrates how this foundation can be applied to current and pressing ethical, legal, and theological issues confronting humanity, by addressing four exemplary issues (homosexuality, gender, migrants, and climate change). Combined, these essays point a way forward for the ongoing development of a comprehensive, comprehensible, consistent, and credible definition of human dignity and human rights and their role in addressing ongoing ethical, legal, and theological issues.
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Saptono, Prianto Budi, and Cyntia Ayudia. "Income Tax Issues on the Omnibus Law and Its Implications in Indonesia." AKRUAL: Jurnal Akuntansi 12, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jaj.v12n2.p164-178.
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This research has two objectives. The first objective is to analyze the issue of income tax policy based on the idea of taxation omnibus law. In 2020, Law No. 36 of 2008 concerning Income Tax was amended twice as stipulated in Law No. 2 of 2020 and Law No. 11 of 2020 (Job Creation Law). The second objective is to analyze the implications of income tax policy changes on taxation practices in Indonesia. This research is a descriptive qualitative study using data collection techniques in documentation and literature studies. The research concludes that the omnibus law policy aims to encourage domestic investment funding. Income tax issues in Law No. 2 of 2020 include lowering the corporate income tax rate and imposing taxes on trade through an electronic system. Besides, the issue of income tax in Law No. 11 of 2020 includes tax subjects' determination, the territorial system's adoption, tax objects' exclusion, and changes to the provisions on dividends. The implication of the change in income tax policy on taxation practices is that taxes distort the economy. The delegation of regulations for reducing income tax rates to the government through government regulations creates legal uncertainty. Thus, it is necessary to have tax regulations with minimal complexity, not overlap, provide legal certainty, and further encourage voluntary tax compliance.
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Vaughn, Michael S., Tab W. Cooper, and Rolando V. del Carmen. "Assessing Legal Liabilities in Law Enforcement: Police Chiefs' Views." Crime & Delinquency 47, no. 1 (January 2001): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128701047001001.
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Texas mandates 40 hours of law enforcement management and leadership training biannually for police chiefs. To implement this requirement, from October 1997 to August 1999, the Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas held 22 statewide training classes. During the training, we administered a survey on legal liabilities in law enforcement, in which 808 usable surveys were completed. Amassing the largest data set on legal liabilities in law enforcement, this article reports results from that survey and documents the chiefs' perceptions of the prevalence of civil litigation, fear of litigation, type of suits filed by members of the public as well as by their own officers, and issues surrounding settlements, policy and procedure changes, training, indemnification, and lawsuit prevention. The article concludes that nationwide systematic data collection should be undertaken on legal liabilities in law enforcement so the public becomes better informed about this important aspect of police work.
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Djuwani Ekowati, Sri, Sudharto P Hadi, and Dwi P Sasongko. "The Multiplier Effects of Waste Management in RT-07 of Guntung Village, In Bontang, East Kalimantan, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 07039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207039.
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In 2010, Neighborhood area 07 in Guntung Village received Black Award from Bontang government due to environmental issues. The issues are included the mounting trash resulted from this area which is not managed well, dirty and slum environment, unpleasant odors from the rubbish heap and scabies suffered by residents. As the company located next to Guntung Village, PT. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur (PKT) is very concerned about environmental problems. It encouraged these residents to initiate establishing Groups through Corporate Social Responsibility. It aims to "change the slum area to be healthy and great". This program is established to solve the waste problem and exploring economic opportunities. Mekarsari Group turns leaves into compost and its development innovates by processing food waste into liquid organic fertilizer (Indonesia called POC). To improve the group’s institutional status, the joint venture group Mekarsari formed and in extending process its competitiveness, change to Mekarsari Cooperative, this paper observes a legal status. The research method is qualitative with participative observation and technique of data collection employed with interviews. The changing waste into compost and POC, have various effects on sustainable development. The slum village changed to green village. The residents receive additional income and reducing Greenhouse Gases.
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Walker, A. Kelly, and Brett L. Bueltel. "A Legal Analysis of State Tax Policy for Online Sales: The Recipe from Direct Marketing." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 16, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr-52133.
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ABSTRACT The growth of e-commerce has changed the way people shop. The changing business environment is a strain on state governments due to their inability to collect sales and use tax on most internet-based transactions. While the U.S. Supreme Court, for the first time in almost 30 years, is reviewing a state's ability to collect sales and use tax from out-of-state sellers in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc., a potential solution to increase sales and use tax collection may already exist. In 2016, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a Colorado notification law that could provide a blueprint for states to capture tax revenue from online companies and out-of-state retailers. In this paper, we review the constitutional complexities of the taxation of online sales. We also analyze state requirements for informational reporting of sales and use tax and recommend policy to increase potential sales and use tax collection.
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Kulynych, Pavlo. "Digitalization of land relations and law in Ukraine: methodological and theoretical aspects." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 32 (2021): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2021-32-257-267.
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The article examines the methodological and theoretical issues of the formation of legal support for the digitalization of land relations in Ukraine. The author points out that the digitalization of land relations causes "profound" changes in their legal regulation and determines the clarification of the basic principles of land law of Ukraine. Thus, with the adoption of the Law "On National Infrastructure of Geospatial Data" laid the beginning of the formation in the land legislation of Ukraine the principle of availability of public data on land, which symbolizes the beginning of the era of digitalization of land relations. The essence of this principle is that all information provided by law and created in the process of maintaining the relevant state registers of land and related natural and other resources (geospatial data) as a multifaceted object of land and other legal relations are available to subjects of such legal relations in real time in the official form and to the extent that such access is provided by the computer equipment and software used by such subjects. As stated in the Concept of Development of the Digital Economy and Society of Ukraine for 2018–2020, digitization is the saturation of the physical world with electronic-digital devices, tools, systems and electronic communication between them, which actually allows integrated interaction of virtual and physical, ie creates cyberphysical space. In our opinion, this definition of digitization cannot be considered as correct. Firstly, saturation of the physical world with electronic-digital devices, means, systems and the establishment of electronic-communication exchange between them is neither the essence nor the purpose of digitalization, but is only a way to implement it. After all, the saturation of the physical world with electronic-digital devices can lead to any social result – both positive and negative. Secondly, the provision of integrated interaction of virtual and physical - the creation of cyberphysical space does not indicate how such cyberphysical space differs from ordinary physical space, in which social relations arise and are regulated by law. Therefore, the concept of digitalization needs to be clarified taking into account the specifics of the legal regulation of land relations. It is proved that the legal norms regulating the digitalization of public relations are an integral part of the administrative, civil, land and other branches of law. The conclusion is substantiated that the legal infrastructure of digitalization of land relations includes legal support for: 1) collection and formation of a system of information about the land using its remote sensing; 2) formation of promptly updated land databases; 3) the formation of a system of registers, portals and other service mechanisms that guarantee and provide access to such databases and the use of information about land in land legal relations. The author proves that legal support for digitalization of land relations is their legal regulation, the basic basis of which is information about the land (data-based legal regulation), which with the help of appropriate software includes the dynamics of qualitative and quantitative state of land in the mechanism of legal regulation of land relations, transforming this dynamic in such dynamics of land legal relations at which negative and positive changes in a condition of the earths automatically cause emergence, change, specification of the rights and duties of their subjects and form preconditions for application of the legal influence provided by the legislation on those subjects whose activity or inaction caused negative consequences in the condition of the lands. Finaly analysis of the modern system of land information required to ensure the digitization of land relations, gives grounds to identify such key components of its legal infrastructure as: 1) collection and formation of a system of such information through remote sensing of land (remote sensing); 2) formation of operatively updated land databases; 3) formation of a system of registers, portals and other service mechanisms, which guarantee and provide access to such databases and the use of information about land in land relations. Each of the selected elements of the system of information use in the process of digitization of land relations has a special legal mechanism.
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Buckingham, Emily, Jake Curry, Charles Emogor, Louise Tomsett, and Natalie Cooper. "Using natural history collections to investigate changes in pangolin (Pholidota: Manidae) geographic ranges through time." PeerJ 9 (February 11, 2021): e10843. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10843.
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Pangolins, often considered the world’s most trafficked wild mammals, have continued to experience rapid declines across Asia and Africa. All eight species are classed as either Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Alongside habitat loss, they are threatened mainly by poaching and/or legal hunting to meet the growing consumer demand for their meat and keratinous scales. Species threat assessments heavily rely on changes in species distributions which are usually expensive and difficult to monitor, especially for rare and cryptic species like pangolins. Furthermore, recent assessments of the threats to pangolins focus on characterising their trade using seizure data which provide limited insights into the true extent of global pangolin declines. As the consequences of habitat modifications and poaching/hunting on species continues to become apparent, it is crucial that we frequently update our understanding of how species distributions change through time to allow effective identification of geographic regions that are in need of urgent conservation actions. Here we show how georeferencing pangolin specimens from natural history collections can reveal how their distributions are changing over time, by comparing overlap between specimen localities and current area of habitat maps derived from IUCN range maps. We found significant correlations in percentage area overlap between species, continent, IUCN Red List status and collection year, but not ecology (terrestrial or arboreal/semi-arboreal). Human population density (widely considered to be an indication of trafficking pressure) and changes in primary forest cover, were weakly correlated with percentage overlap. Our results do not suggest a single mechanism for differences among historical distributions and present-day ranges, but rather show that multiple explanatory factors must be considered when researching pangolin population declines as variations among species influence range fluctuations. We also demonstrate how natural history collections can provide temporal information on distributions and discuss the limitations of collecting and using historical data.
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Cichowski, Rachel A. "Legal Mobilization, Transnational Activism, and Gender Equality in the EU." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 28, no. 02 (June 28, 2013): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2013.22.
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Abstract This article examines how EU rights and laws serve as legal opportunity structures for women’s rights activists in Europe. Further, it examines what effects this transnational activism has on the permanence and inclusion of public interests and gender equality in EU legal and political processes. The analysis examines the legal domain of EU women’s rights over a thirty-year period. Methodologically, the study relies on case law analysis, primary document collections, and interviews with non-governmental organizations and governmental elites at both the EU and the national level. I ask how legal mobilization can serve as a catalyst for institutional change (by influencing litigation and legislative action), and how this effects subsequent EU-level women’s rights mobilization and public inclusion.
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Côté, André C. "Changements technologiques et rapports collectifs du travail." Les Cahiers de droit 28, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042792ar.
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This paper focusses on the relationship between technological change and the labour relations system circumscribed by the Québec Labour Code. While a teleological interpretation of bargaining rights of certified associations by labour jurisdictions seems to have dealt adequately with the impact of such changes on certification, the doctrine of residual management rights, in the context of fixed-term agreements entrenched in the Québec Labour Code, appears to be, in the opinion of the author, unduly rigid and restrictive. The Freedman Report on Railway run-through and the subsequent discussions surrounding the Woods Commission Report in the 1960's, resulted in the inclusion in the Canada Labour Code of provisions pertaining to the possible adjustment, through collective bargaining, of collective agreements in the context of such technological changes. Various provisions to the same effect have subsequently been inserted in the Labour Codes of Saskatchewan, Manitoba and British-Columbia. The Report of the Beaudry Commission recently proposed that the Québec Labour Code be similary modified by the inclusion of analoguous provisions. The author suggests that a reform along the lines thus suggested is, in principle, desirable to ensure a more equitable adaptability of our legal categories to the imperatives of technological change.
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McLean, Craig N., Stephanie Showalter, and Emily Larkin. "Marine Technology and Policy in 2005: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges." Marine Technology Society Journal 39, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533205787442477.
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Recent seminal studies of national ocean policy have focused the attention of the marine science and technology communities on the possibility of outcomes in the near future. The U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy offered over two hundred recommendations, and has raised expectations for a period of heightened ocean interest. In response to the policy recommendations of the Commission, the President has set certain policies through his December 2004 Executive Order on Ocean Policy and through the issuance of the U.S. Ocean Action Plan. This Plan holds promise for the technology community. With the opportunities of technology advancement, however, come the uncertainties of change. Using the Integrated Ocean Observing System as an example of beneficial change, both in collection methodologies and integration of science data, and in proposing the legal complexities of Autonomous Undersea Vehicle strandings and unwanted recovery, the authors demonstrate examples of the benefits and uncertainties ahead, all of which comprise opportunity.
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Jensen, Kristian. "Electronic Legal Deposit in the United Kingdom: Successes and Challenges of Transfer and Transformation." Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis 45, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bfp-2021-0009.
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Abstract The introduction of electronic legal deposit is arguably the greatest transformation which national libraries have undergone in our professional lifetimes. This article argues that many institutions have successfully implemented technical, structural, and cultural transformative change, while there is more to do, and challenges remain. When it comes to transfer however, the ability to give users meaningful access to the legal deposit collections, the picture is rather different: much good work is being done, but the transformative potential of electronic legal deposit has not been realised for our users. The article explores the broader cultural background specifically in the United Kingdom against which the relevant legislation was shaped to understand better what steps could be taken in the future to redress this imbalance.
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Voss, Grażyna. "Professional Ethics in Accounting as Assessed by Managers of Entities." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejes-2018-0018.
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Abstract The code of professional ethics in accounting constitutes a collection of ethical standards, the observation of which is an indispensable part of contemporary accounting. Their scope and practical use give rise to no doubts, and for this reason all necessary measures must be taken to ensure their correct and common application. The evaluation of the practical application of ethical standards in accounting as assessed by managers of organisational units gives rise to doubts and therefore the role of professional ethics must be strengthened by means of actions to promote and educate or to apply directly precautionary measures and the ones confirming the observation of ethical standards by units. However, introduction of such solutions requires a change in legal regulations and in the approach in all the business entities operating on the market.
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Zanger, Beverly R. K., and David L. Groves. "A FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THEORIES OF SPORT AND LEISURE MANAGEMENT." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1994.22.1.57.
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Sport and leisure have become an essential part of the American lifestyle. Growth in the sport and leisure industry must be understood through primary influences such as spectators in arenas, increase in number of tourists, etc. Central to these issues is whether sport and leisure business is a unique discipline. The purpose of this study was to investigate ideas that make the sport and leisure industry unique and to determine a comparative framework for theory development. The Delphi method and a Focus Group Interview approach was used for data collection. The result of the study established a framework of four major issues: money, accountability, purpose, and people. The 13 components identified with each of these issues were: Liability, profits, image, social responsibility, change, management philosophy, organization, working conditions, marketing, selling, legal issues, resources, and reputation.
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Voss, Grażyna. "Professional Ethics in Accounting as Assessed by Managers of Entities." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 10, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v10i1.p173-181.
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The code of professional ethics in accounting constitutes a collection of ethical standards, the observation of which is an indispensable part of contemporary accounting. Their scope and practical use give rise to no doubts, and for this reason all necessary measures must be taken to ensure their correct and common application. The evaluation of the practical application of ethical standards in accounting as assessed by managers of organisational units gives rise to doubts and therefore the role of professional ethics must be strengthened by means of actions to promote and educate or to apply directly precautionary measures and the ones confirming the observation of ethical standards by units. However, introduction of such solutions requires a change in legal regulations and in the approach in all the business entities operating on the market.
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Charipova, Liudmila V. "Orthodox Reform in Seventeenth-Century Kiev: The Evidence of a Library." Journal of Early Modern History 17, no. 3 (2013): 273–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342367.
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Abstract Drawing on the surviving lists of books from the private collection of Peter Mohyla, the Greek Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev in 1633-1646, the crucial period that followed the restoration of his confession’s legal status in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the article examines the place of Western monastic works in shaping the spiritual and doctrinal parameters of Orthodox reform. Beginning in the Archdiocese of Kiev, it subsequently spread to other branches of the Eastern Church, which remained outside communion with Rome in the seventeenth century: Greek, Moldavian, and Russian. The article establishes vital links between the process of Orthodox renewal and the European movement for religious change and considers the case for the applicability of the confessionalization model as a suitable analytical framework for Orthodox religious reforms.
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Thompson, Marie Claude. "Taking up the digital challenge: image digitisation projects at the Bibliothèque nationale de France1." Art Libraries Journal 27, no. 3 (2002): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200020058.
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More than 20 million images are to be found at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), in the form of book and periodical illustrations, manuscript illuminations, maps and plans, prints, drawings and photographs. The editorial context of these images means they are to be found in all fourteen collections departments of the library. However, it is the department of Prints and Photographs that, thanks to legal deposit for published images instituted in the 17th century, possesses one of the richest iconographic collections in the world: prints, posters, drawings, photographs, postcards, etc. These images have to be consulted in the reading rooms of the library’s different collection departments, which are at five different sites (François-Mitterrand (Tolbiac), Richelieu, Arsenal, Opéra, Avignon - Maison Jean Vilar). The introduction of digitisation should bring many changes to this traditional means of research, although we are still only at the beginning, with a programme that started little more than ten years ago.
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Jurs, Pāvels, and Inta Kulberga. "CHANGE OF PARADIGM IN LATVIA EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT MANAGEMENT IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE (FROM 1919 TO 1940)." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 28, 2021): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol2.6163.
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Independence and freedom of Latvia State since the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia in 1918 was interrupted by World War II. During that time the education system of Latvia has also changed, including fundamental principles of educational institution management. The goal of the article is to analyse changes in educational institution management in historical perspective, comparing legal regulations in two periods of Latvia: in the democratic (1919) and authoritarian (1934) regime of the First Free State of the Latvia Republic. In the article the theoretical research methods (method of comparison and critical thinking) and empirical research methods (data collection method and document analysis) have been applied. Comparing the periods of the democratic (from 1919 to 1934) and authoritarian regime (from 1934 to 1940) of the First Free State of the Latvia Republic in the context of educational institution management, it should be mentioned that the legislation of the authoritarian regime envisaged much broader responsibility, duties and rights for the head of the school. Moreover, the head of the school could also have deputies depending on the size of the school. The structure of educational institution management in the authoritarian regime in comparison with the democratic regime was more particular, with a more detailed description of responsibilities, with an increased parents’ involvement in the school life organization.
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Savoska, Snezana, and Blagoj Ristevski. "Towards Implementation of Big Data Concepts in a Pharmaceutical Company." Open Computer Science 10, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/comp-2020-0201.
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AbstractNowadays, big data is a widely utilized concept that has been spreading quickly in almost every domain. For pharmaceutical companies, using this concept is a challenging task because of the permanent pressure and business demands created through the legal requirements, research demands and standardization that have to be adopted. These legal and standards’ demands are associated with human healthcare safety and drug control that demands continuous and deep data analysis. Companies update their procedures to the particular laws, standards, market demands and regulations all the time by using contemporary information technology. This paper highlights some important aspects of the experience and change methodology used in one Macedonian pharmaceutical company, which has employed information technology solutions that successfully tackle legal and business pressures when dealing with a large amount of data. We used a holistic view and deliverables analysis methodology to gain top-down insights into the possibilities of big data analytics. Also, structured interviews with the company’s managers were used for information collection and proactive methodology with workshops was used in data integration toward the implementation of big data concepts. The paper emphasizes the information and knowledge used in this domain to improve awareness for the needs of big data analysis to achieve a competitive advantage. The main results are focused on systematizing the whole company’s data, information and knowledge and propose a solution that integrates big data to support managers’ decision-making processes.
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Jackson, Yves, Delphine S. Courvoisier, Aline Duvoisin, Giovanni Ferro-Luzzi, Patrick Bodenmann, Pierre Chauvin, Idris Guessous, Hans Wolff, Stéphane Cullati, and Claudine Burton-Jeangros. "Impact of legal status change on undocumented migrants’ health and well-being (Parchemins): protocol of a 4-year, prospective, mixed-methods study." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e028336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028336.
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IntroductionMigrants without residency permit, known as undocumented, tend to live in precarious conditions and be exposed to an accumulation of adverse determinants of health. Only scarce evidence exists on the social, economic and living conditions-related factors influencing their health status and well-being. No study has assessed the impact of legal status regularisation. The Parchemins study is the first prospective, mixed-methods study aiming at measuring the impact on health and well-being of a regularisation policy on undocumented migrants in Europe.Methods and analysisThe Parchemins study will compare self-rated health and satisfaction with life in a group of adult undocumented migrants who qualify for applying for a residency permit (intervention group) with a group of undocumented migrants who lack one or more eligibility criteria for regularisation (control group) in Geneva Canton, Switzerland. Asylum seekers are not included in this study. The total sample will include 400 participants. Data collection will consist of standardised questionnaires complemented by semidirected interviews in a subsample (n=38) of migrants qualifying for regularisation. The baseline data will be collected just before or during the regularisation, and participants will subsequently be followed up yearly for 3 years. The quantitative part will explore variables about health (ie, health status, occupational health, health-seeking behaviours, access to care, healthcare utilisation), well-being (measured by satisfaction with different dimensions of life), living conditions (ie, employment, accommodation, social support) and economic situation (income, expenditures). Several confounders including sociodemographic characteristics and migration history will be collected. The qualitative part will explore longitudinally the experience of change in legal status at individual and family levels.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Geneva, Switzerland. All participants provided informed consent. Results will be shared with undocumented migrants and disseminated in scientific journals and conferences. Fully anonymised data will be available to researchers.