Relevant bibliographies by topics / Collective action problems

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Collective action problems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Collective action problems"

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Singleton, Sara. "Commons Problems, Collective Action and Efficiency." Journal of Theoretical Politics 11, no. 3 (July 1999): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951692899011003006.

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Schneider, Anna-Claire, Alicia P. Melis, and Michael Tomasello. "How chimpanzees solve collective action problems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1749 (October 17, 2012): 4946–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1948.

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We presented small groups of chimpanzees with two collective action situations, in which action was necessary for reward but there was a disincentive for individuals to act owing to the possibility of free-riding on the efforts of others. We found that in simpler scenarios (experiment 1) in which group size was small, there was a positive relationship between rank and action with more dominant individuals volunteering to act more often, particularly when the reward was less dispersed. Social tolerance also seemed to mediate action whereby higher tolerance levels within a group resulted in individuals of lower ranks sometimes acting and appropriating more of the reward. In more complex scenarios, when group size was larger and cooperation was necessary (experiment 2), overcoming the problem was more challenging. There was highly significant variability in the action rates of different individuals as well as between dyads, suggesting success was more greatly influenced by the individual personalities and personal relationships present in the group.
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Talbot, Brian. "Collective action problems and conflicting obligations." Philosophical Studies 175, no. 9 (August 30, 2017): 2239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11098-017-0957-7.

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Gorin, Moti. "Collective Action Problems, Causal Impotence, and Virtue." Southwest Philosophy Review 35, no. 2 (2019): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/swphilreview201935231.

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Orbán, Annamária. "How to Solve International Collective Action Problems?" Society and Economy 25, no. 1 (August 1, 2003): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/socec.25.2003.1.7.

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Alexander, Benjamin N. "Leading collective action to address wicked problems." Nonprofit Management and Leadership 30, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nml.21394.

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Struben, Jeroen, Brandon H. Lee, and Christopher B. Bingham. "Collective Action Problems and Resource Allocation During Market Formation." Strategy Science 5, no. 3 (September 2020): 245–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2020.0105.

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Collective action is critical for successful market formation. However, relatively little is known about how and under what conditions actors overcome collective action problems to successfully form new markets. Using the benefits of simulation methods, we uncover how collective action problems result from actor resource allocation decisions interacting with each other and how the severity of these problems depends on central market- and actor-related characteristics. Specifically, we show that collective action problems occur when actors undervalue the benefits of market-oriented resource allocation and when actors contribute resources that are imperfectly substitutable. Furthermore, we show that collective action problems occur when actors are embedded in networks with others sharing a similar role in market formation. Collectively, our findings contribute new insights to organization theory regarding collective action and market formation and to strategy on value creation and strategic decision making regarding resource allocation.
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Kenkel, Brenton. "The efficacy of cheap talk in collective action problems." Journal of Theoretical Politics 31, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 370–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629819850625.

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Incomplete information exacerbates the problems inherent in collective action. Participants cannot efficiently coordinate their actions if they do not know each other’s preferences. I investigate when ordinary communication, or cheap talk, may resolve mutual uncertainty in collective action problems. I find that the efficacy of communication depends critically on the relationship between contributions and the value of the joint project. The incentive barriers to honesty are highest when every contribution increases the project’s value. Participants then have a strict incentive to say whatever would induce others to contribute the most, so cheap talk lacks credibility. By contrast, when contributions may be marginally worthless, such as when the project has no value unless contributions hit a certain threshold, communication may help participants avoid wasted effort. Using these findings, I identify which collective action problems in politics might benefit from communication and which require more expensive solutions to overcome uncertainty.
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Galvin, Richard, and John Harris. "Collective Action Problems and the Ethics of Virtue." Southwest Philosophy Review 35, no. 1 (2019): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/swphilreview201935114.

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Jones, Peter J. S. "Collective action problems posed by no-take zones." Marine Policy 30, no. 2 (March 2006): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2004.10.003.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Collective action problems"

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Meade, Rosemary Raphael. "Analysing collective action : intersections of power, government and resistance." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2018. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/2980/.

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This research takes the form of ten journal articles and book chapters that were published between June 2008 and February 2018. This body of work encompasses outputs that are focused on community development, community arts, youth work and social movement praxis. These fields of praxis are understood as constituting a vital part of a variegated and differentiated Irish civil society and, while acknowledging their specificities, the body of work situates them together within the contested terrain of collective action. The Covering Document elucidates how, across the ten outputs, collective action is theorised: as the site of and target for complex and dynamic power relationships; as imbricated with various governmental projects through which multiple societal actors seek to mobilise citizens; as a potential site of and resource for resistance to particular expressions of government, ideology and power; and as developing alternative social relationships, organisational forms and modes of communication. The boundaries between the state and civil society are imprecise and fluid: civil society and state actors seek to induce desired forms of conduct and relationships from each other. This research exposes and critically interrogates associated power dynamics, overlaps, and contestations, and how they in turn shape expectations of collective action. Drawing together findings from youth work, community development, social movement, and community arts praxis, the research illuminates; how and by whom collective action is rationalised and (de)legitimised; the changing role of the state in governing civil society; and the potential for collective action to prefigure alternative forms of relationships and to resist particular forms of government. Therefore, the body of work analyses how the meanings, forms and purposes of collective action are constantly reworked, just as they give expression to important societal struggles. The Covering Document details the theory, methodology and methods that have underpinned the research. It offers an integrated thematic overview of the ten research outputs, highlighting their coherence, originality, and relevance for a critical analysis of the dynamics of collective action in contemporary Ireland. The research analyses the discourses of collective action as they have been expressed in key policy documents, in newspapers such as the Irish Independent and in the documents of protest of social movement organisations. It highlights and interrogates the political, economic and cultural context for collective action in 21st Century Ireland, paying particular attention to the ways though which the recent regime of austerity has impacted on civil society, the state and on relations between these spheres. The research is critical in orientation, but it draws upon and articulates diverse critical traditions as it analyses the power dynamics associated with collective action. Gramscian style, cultural materialist and Foucauldian governmentality perspectives are variously adopted and adapted within specific outputs. The Covering Document also outlines how and why the body of work troubles the boundaries between community development, community arts, youth work and social movement research and praxis. It calls for an articulated and dialogical theory and practice that challenge the assumed estrangement of these fields. As the Covering Document outlines, the research records how state policy now seeks to govern youth work, community development and community arts organisations through an increasingly intrusive and prescriptive set of policy ordinances, self-reporting techniques, and accountability measures. Against that, it also points to the potential for collective action to re-politicise issues otherwise framed as non-political by policy-makers and media, to build and be based upon reflexive forms of solidarity, and to reclaim the arts and tactics of protest.
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Channa, Anila. "Four essays on education, caste and collective action in rural Pakistan." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3305/.

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In this thesis, I use mixed methods to present four interdisciplinary essays on education, caste and collective action in rural Pakistan. In the first essay, I undertake a conceptual analysis of the nature of the Pakistani kinship group, locally referred to sometimes as biraderi (brotherhood), quom (tribe, sect, nation) or zaat (ancestry, caste). By systematically comparing the features of the kinship group with modern interpretations of caste, I argue that the Pakistani kinship group is much closer to a caste than is commonly acknowledged in a lot of the research. In the second essay, I document the extent of educational inequalities based on this kinship group, henceforth also referred to as caste. Using a unique dataset that I collected for approximately 2500 individuals from rural Pakistan, I show that low caste individuals on average are 7% less likely to be literate and 5% less likely to attend school than their high caste counterparts. Strikingly, these differences rise to over 20% for certain low caste groups. Even though caste-based inequalities are not statistically significant for the youngest cohort in my sample, my qualitative analysis of over 65 in-depth interviews with key informants confirms that caste remains not only a critical marker of identity, but also an important source of fragmentation in the country. In the third essay, I focus on the fragmentary nature of the kinship group and develop a theoretical framework in which caste fractionalization, land inequality and the imbalance in power between various castes – or what I refer to as caste power heterogeneity – jointly influence the level of collective activity for rural education provision. I test this framework using a blend of quantitative analysis of original data for over 2500 individuals, and qualitative comparative case studies of a total of eight rural communities in Pakistan. The analysis I present both confirms the interdependence of my three proposed dimensions of social heterogeneity, as well as highlights the salience of caste power heterogeneity in predicting the level of collective activity for education provision. In the final essay, I turn to studying the role of social capital in enhancing educational outcomes. I perform statistical analysis of data from over 350 households and combine it with a micro-level comparative case study of social capital and collective action surrounding education in two rural communities from Pakistan. My results in this final paper indicate that there are weak associations between my two parameters of interest. They also highlight the importance of understanding the downside of social capital, and of recognizing that rather than being driven by social capital alone, collective action is often embedded in a wider system of village politics and patronage.
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Wu, Youren. "The problems of plant closure and employment protection in Taiwan : the case of 'malicious plant closure'." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323093.

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Watson, Jay L. "Collective action problems and cumulative effects : addressing pollution of marine waters in Hood Canal, Washington /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5515.

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Singleton, Sara. "Common problems, collective action and efficiency : the evolution of institutions of co-management in Pacific Northwest tribal fisheries /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10739.

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McFadden, Thomas William. "Building industries: Collective action problems and institutional solutions in the development of the United States aviation industry, 1903-1938." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284725.

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The following research seeks to understand the effects of competition and regulation on the development of new industries. Specifically, the issue of whether or not laissez faire markets best promote industry growth and good economic performance is investigated. This work challenges prevailing neoclassical economic assumptions regarding the efficacy of competition and unfettered markets. Drawing on lines of research in economic sociology, institutional analysis, and organizational theory, I examine how public and private regulatory agencies, including states and associations, are used by firms to facilitate cooperation and organize economic activity. Contrary to prevailing neoclassical economic assumptions, I find that regulatory institutions are not necessarily a means of denying competitors access to markets, inflating prices, and gouging consumers, but rather a means by which economic actors overcome problems of collective action. Unfettered competition, I find, thwarts the growth and development of new industries that rely upon inputs that possess "collective goods properties", specifically, technical knowledge and a legitimate reputation. This research is historical and comparative. I study the development of America's aviation industry over the period 1903--1938. This period marks the birth of the industry through its rise to early maturity. Competitive pressures to control key technologies and develop appropriate standards for the use of aircraft created problems of collective action that undermined the fledgling industry's ability to establish viable markets for its goods and services. Industry members found they were unable to manage their proprietary activities through unfettered markets and private firms and, thus, turned to more cooperative arrangements to govern their economic affairs. Producers formed an association to pool their patented technology, solve free-rider problems, pursue uniform regulatory measures for the operation of aircraft, and conduct a national campaign to make the public "airminded". Not until these institutional arrangements were established did America's aviation industry move beyond its nascent stage of development and begin to experience good economic performance.
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Berger, Denis. "Coupables d'être vulnérables, les motocyclistes face aux politiques de sécurité routière en France et en Europe." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080019.

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Dans le cadre d'une politique publique presque universelle, la sécurité routière, cette thèse se consacre à une catégorie précise de conducteurs, les motocyclistes. Ceux-ci forment à la fois un groupe distinct d'usagers de la route, objet à ce titre de réglementations spécifiques, et, du moins quand ils sont et se considèrent comme motards, un groupe social. Dans les années 1970, au moment de son institutionnalisation, la politique de sécurité routière rencontre avec ces motards un problème inédit. La moto, disparue durant les années 1960, revient en effet massivement dans les rues avec de nouveaux, et jeunes, utilisateurs. Il lui faut alors inventer une façon de gérer le risque inédit qu'ils représentent, ce qu'elle fera en choisissant, parmi plusieurs options, une politique répressive dont on montrera comment elle a évolué jusqu'à nos jours, en la justifiant à l'aide de considérations morales et d'un appareillage statistique dont on montrera ce qu'il a d'inapproprié, de lacunaire et, parfois, de fictif.S'attaquant à un groupe social décidé à se défendre, cette politique va susciter une opposition organisée qui, au gré des alternances politiques, parviendra à en infléchir plus ou moins le cours, et formera toujours un adversaire avec lequel elle devra composer. Pour traiter un sujet de cet ordre il semble donc pertinent de s'appuyer sur la sociologie interactionniste, d'analyser de façon diachronique cette politique à partir de 1972, de l'étudier à divers échelons, de procéder enfin à des comparaisons diverses, entre États, entre capitales, mais aussi avec une politique publique qui traite de façon fort différente les utilisateurs d'un autre deux-roues, la bicyclette
This thesis is devoted to an aspect of road safety policy, an almost universal public policy, and to a particular category of drivers, namely motorcyclists. They represent both a distinct road users' group, subject as such to specific regulations, and, at least when there are and do consider themselves as motorcycle riders, a social group. When the French road safety policy was designed, in the early 70's, motorcyclists turned out to be an unexpected problem. After vanishing during the 60's, the motorcycle was back in large numbers with new and young users. The state therefore invented a way of dealing with the unprecedented risk they represented. Among several options, it chose a repressive policy whose evolution we will trace from the 1970s to today. This policy was grounded on moral justifications and strengthened by an inadequate, incomplete and sometimes fictitious statistical body.This policy endangered a social group ready to defend itself, thus creating an organized opposition able to reorientate it partially. To this day, motorcycles remain an opponent the state has to cope with. To deal with this subject, it seems relevant to use the findings of interactionist sociology and to analyse this policy from a diachronic point of view, starting in 1972. We will study this subject at different scales and proceed to various comparisons between countries or capitals. Furthermore, we'll see how it compares to public policy that deals, in a very different manner, with users of another two-wheel vehicle, the bicycle
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Crosson, Scott Brady. "Exclusive group formation as a collective action problem /." Connect to title online (ProQuest) Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10451.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Crosson, Scott 1970. "Exclusive group formation as a collective action problem." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10451.

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vii, 95 p. : ill. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call numbers: KNIGHT HB846.5 .C76 2000
By traditional economic reasoning, the production and sale of private goods is assumed to be efficient in a pure market because only the owners of privately held goods can access and enjoy them. In contrast, public goods are likely to be under supplied, because individuals can free ride on the contributions of others. Citizens can solve the free rider problem either spontaneously or through the use of coercive tools such as taxation. However, such solutions will rarely be efficient. An alternative solution, seldom studied by political scientists, is the formation of clubs. Clubs exist to provide semi-public goods to their members. If only contributing members of a club can access its product (the club good), the club should be free of the free-rider problem. Because club goods are finite and rivalrous, clubs are subject to "crowding effects"; that is, per-member benefits will decline if clubs grow too large. Clubs can minimize this crowding by limiting the size of their membership. Clubs are traditionally formulated as consumer- driven arrangements, driven solely by the wealth-maximizing preferences of their memberships and not by external concerns. In an experimental setting, this dissertation demonstrates that clubs also tolerate crowding if club membership is the sole source of some club good for otherwise excluded individuals. Club members can minimize the effects of this crowding by making multilateral promises not to overuse the club good. This means that clubs members do consider the social ramifications of the club's membership policies, and those membership policies respond to government action (specifically, the presence of other funding for excluded individuals). This has implications for both the study of clubs and the associations that resemble them: firms, coalitions, and communities.
Committee in charge: Dr. John Orbell, Chair; Dr. Holly Arrow; Dr. Bill Harbaugh; Dr. Ron Mitchell
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Carreras, Ashley L. "Political entrepreneurs and intentional action : rationality and the problem of collective action." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30128.

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Anthony Downs first introduced a comprehensive account of political decision-making founded upon rational choice in 1957. Though there have been many refinements of the initial framework, rational choice approaches have been dogged by the same problems that Downs first highlighted: 1) Why do people vote? 2) How do politicians convince voters that they are worth electing? This thesis seeks to address these problems by concentrating upon the role of the 'Political Entrepreneur' and their relationship with voters. It is shown that because rational choice theory is wedded to the instrumental conception of rationality it is unable to account for the fact that people do participate in the electoral process, and in numbers of larger than predicted by rational choice models. Even when a radical subjectivist account of decision making is considered, it is clear that the instrumental approach to reasoning fails to integrate peoples' present actions with their previous decisions. An alternative approach to rationality is considered which seeks to understand people's behaviour in terms of their social context. It is argued that if we are to provide an explanation of behaviour based upon a rational account of action, then we must include some notion of the normative nature of what constitutes behaviour into our theorising. The emphasis is upon the nature of plans that enabled people to ensure that their behaviour is coherent, both with their own behaviour over time, and with the behaviour of others.
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Books on the topic "Collective action problems"

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Cammack, Diana Rose, 1945- author, ed. Governance for development in Africa: Solving collective action problems. London: Zed Books, 2013.

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Transnational common goods: Strategic constellations, collective action problems, and multi-level provision. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

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Tarrow, Sidney G. Struggle, politics, and reform: Collective action, social movements and cycles of protest. [Ithaca, N.Y.]: Center for International Studies, Cornell University, 1989.

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Tarrow, Sidney G. Struggle, politics, and reform: Collective action, social movements and cycles of protest. [Ithaca, N.Y.]: Center for International Studies, Cornell University, 1991.

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Community action for collective goods: An interdisciplina[r]y approach to the internal and external solutions to collective action problems : the case of Hungarian condominiums. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006.

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Orbán, Annamária. Community action for collective goods: An interdisciplina[r]y approach to the internal and external solutions to collective action problems : the case of Hungarian condominiums. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006.

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Leonard, Jason, ed. Participatory community research: Theories and methods in action. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2004.

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Marcetti, Corrado, Giancarlo Paba, Anna Lisa Pecoriello, and Nicola Solimano, eds. Housing Frontline. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-082-2.

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Over recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the various possible forms of poverty and housing vulnerability: from the total lack of shelter of the homeless to the risk of losing their home that now threatens numerous families in medium-low income brackets. At the same time, the traditional linear and standardised housing policies appear no longer adequate to address these phenomena. This book contains the results of a study entrusted by the Tuscan Regional Authority to a working group from the University of Florence and the Fondazione Giovanni Michelucci. The research explores the field of practices for self-production of housing in Italy and the world, through a critical selection of significant experiences, revealing the architectural and social creativity exploited in a large variety of collective actions. The book also contains a reconstruction of housing problems in Tuscany and an overview of alternative approaches to housing policy. The last section is devoted to the research-action on the occupation of the Luzzi, the abandoned sanatorium on the border between Florence and Sesto Fiorentino, a case that illustrates the most significant contradictions and dilemmas gravitating around the housing issue for the new poor: the problem of homeless immigrants; the difficulty of the authorities in managing problems of extreme housing poverty; the role of the associations and organisations of social mediation, and the inherent complexity of achieving a participatory approach to social and town planning research.
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Claman, Victor N. Acting on your faith: Congregations making a difference : a guide to success in service and social action. Boston: Insights, 1994.

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Rossinskiy, Sergey. Pre-trial proceedings in a criminal case: the nature and methods of collecting evidence. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1244960.

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The monograph is devoted to a comprehensive review of the problems of pre-trial evidence collection as one of the stages of the general procedural mechanism aimed at establishing the circumstances relevant to the criminal case. The essence, methodological basis and system of investigative actions, forensic examinations and other procedural methods of collecting evidence that make up the modern arsenal of bodies of inquiry and preliminary investigation are investigated. The main cognitive and security technologies used in conducting investigative and other procedural actions are highlighted. The problems of the theory and legal regulation of the general rules of their implementation, the procedural status of their participants, fixing their progress and results, judicial control over their production are reflected; the actual problems of investigative inspection, examination, search, interrogation, confrontation, forensic examination, as well as the presentation, demand and seizure (seizure) of objects and documents are considered. Special attention is paid to the applied aspects, the analysis of errors and difficulties that arise in modern law enforcement practice, and possible ways to overcome them are proposed. For researchers and practitioners, teachers, postgraduates( adjuncts), students, as well as anyone interested in topical issues of criminal procedure law and criminology.
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Book chapters on the topic "Collective action problems"

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Kallhoff, Angela. "Collective action problems." In Climate Justice and Collective Action, 53–75. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003162322-3.

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Holzinger, Katharina. "Inequality in Collective Action Problems." In Politik in Nordamerika und Europa, 177–95. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-19498-1_11.

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Hutchison, Jane, Wil Hout, Caroline Hughes, and Richard Robison. "Development as Collective Action Problems." In Political Economy and the Aid Industry in Asia, 57–73. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137303615_4.

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Holzinger, Katharina. "Strategic Constellations and Collective Action Problems." In Transnational Common Goods, 137–59. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230616912_6.

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Kaminski, Marek M. "The Collective Action Problems of Political Consolidation: Evidence from Poland." In Collective Choice, 71–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24711-1_5.

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Yoshimatsu, Hidetaka. "State Sovereignty, Collective Action Problems and Regional Integration in Southeast Asia." In The Political Economy of Regionalism in East Asia, 24–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230584198_3.

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Willer, David, Pamela Emanuelson, Yamilette Chacon, and Richard J. Chacon. "How Chiefdom and Early State Social Structures Resolve Collective Action Problems." In Feast, Famine or Fighting?, 417–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48402-0_15.

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Svendsen, Gert Tinggaard. "Collective Action Problem." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13895-0_34-1.

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Stillman, Jennifer Burns. "Solving the Collective Action Problem." In Gentrification and Schools, 51–63. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137009005_4.

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Amatrudo, Anthony. "The Central Problem of Collective Action." In Criminal Actions and Social Situations, 3–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-45731-8_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Collective action problems"

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Lewis, Peter R., and Aniko Ekart. "Social and Asocial Learning in Collective Action Problems: The Rise and Fall of Socially-Beneficial Behaviour." In 2017 IEEE 2nd International Workshops on Foundations and Applications of Self* Systems (FAS*W). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fas-w.2017.126.

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Valencia-Romero, Ambrosio, and Paul T. Grogan. "Toward a Model-Based Experimental Approach to Assessing Collective Systems Design." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85786.

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This work presents a conceptual model of collective decision-making processes in engineering systems design to understand the tradeoffs, risks, and dynamics between autonomous but interacting design actors. The proposed approach combines value-driven design, game theory, and simulation experimentation to study how technical and social factors of a design decision-making process facilitate or inhibit collective action. The collective systems design model considers two levels of decision-making: 1) lower-level design value exploration; and 2) upper-level design strategy selection. At the first level, the actors concurrently explore two strategy-specific value spaces with coupled design decision variables. Each collective decision is mapped to an individual scalar measure of preference (design value) that each actor seeks to maximize. At the second level, each of the actor’s design values from the two lower-level design exploration tasks is assigned to one diagonal entry of a normalform game, with off-diagonal elements calculated in function of the “sucker’s” and “temptation-to-defect” payoffs in a classical strategy game scenario. The model helps generate synthetic design problems with specific strategy dynamics between autonomous actors. Results from a preliminary multi-agent simulation study assess the validity of proposed design spaces and generate hypotheses for subsequent studies using human subjects.
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Meese, Nicholas, Juani Swart, Richard Vidgen, Philip Powell, and Chris McMahon. "Addressing Data Collection Problems in Web-Mediated Surveys." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28353.

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Web-based approaches are increasingly being used for carrying out surveys, for example in research or to obtain user feedback in product and systems development. However, the drawbacks of web surveying are often overlooked. Errors in web surveys can be related to sampling, coverage, measurement, and non-response issues. Low response rates and non-response bias are particularly important for web-based surveys. This paper reports on a web-based survey in an international engineering consultancy, aimed at eliciting feedback on the development of systems to support sustainable engineering, that produced a low response rate. To investigate the reasons for this, a follow-up survey was conducted by telephone. The majority of those questioned were unaware of the original survey. The telephone survey showed that reasons for non-completion by those who were aware may be categorized as resources issues, relevance, and fatigue. Differences between those who were aware of the original survey and those who were not are explored and a gap is found between action and intention, i.e. good intentions to complete a survey are very unlikely to translate into action and completed surveys. The paper concludes with practical guidance for administering web-based surveys and observations on the merits of telephone surveys.
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McKay, Kimber, and Catherine Sanders. "The Dual Collective Action Problem Facing a Latrine Program in Nepal." In The 3rd World Sustainability Forum. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wsf3-f007.

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Avdeeva, V. S. "Actor of collective representations in the comparative history of philosophy." In VIII Information school of a young scientist. Central Scientific Library of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32460/ishmu-2020-8-0035.

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The article discusses the problem of the actor of collective representations in the comparative history of philosophy. It is proposed to emphasize the status of a researcher in comparative methodology and, thus, move from a dialogue of cultures (within the framework of the philosophy of culture) to an interdisciplinary dialogue (within the framework of the history of philosophy and historiography). Along with that historian of philosophy is considered as an actor of collective representations, transforming meanings and concepts based on the attitudes of national culture.
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Lisowski, Przemysław, Adam Piórkowski, and Andrzej Lesniak. "Tools for the Storage and Analysis of Spatial Big Data." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.216.

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Storing large amounts of spatial data in GIS systems is problematic. This problem is growing due to ever- increasing data production from a variety of data sources. The phenomenon of collecting huge amounts of data is called Big Data. Existing solutions are capable of processing and storing large volumes of spatial data. These solutions also show new approaches to data processing. Conventional techniques work with ordinary data but are not suitable for large datasets. Their efficient action is possible only when connected to distributed file systems and algorithms able to reduce tasks. This review focuses on the characteristics of large spatial data and discusses opportunities offered by spatial big data systems. The work also draws attention to the problems of indexing and access to data, and proposed solutions in this area.
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Chen, Li, and Simon Li. "Towards Rapid Redesign: Pattern-Based Redesign Planning for Large-Scale and Complex Redesign Problems." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84890.

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We have developed a decomposition-based rapid redesign methodology for large, complex computational redesign problems. While the overall methodology consists of two general steps: diagnosis and repair, this paper focuses on the repair step in which decomposition patterns are utilized for redesign planning. Resulting from design diagnosis, a typical decomposition pattern solution to a given redesign problem indicates the portions of the design model necessary for re-computation as well as the interaction part within the model accountable for design change propagation. Following this, this paper suggests repair actions with an approach derived from an input pattern solution, to generate a redesign roadmap allowing for taking a shortcut in the redesign solution process while scheduling re-computing tasks. To do so, a complete collection of re-computation strategies able to handle all possible decomposition patterns for any given redesign problem is introduced, and a two-stage redesign planning approach from re-computation strategy selection to redesign roadmap generation is proposed. An example problem concerning the redesign of a relief valve is used for illustration and validation.
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Wray, Kyle Hollins, Stefan J. Witwicki, and Shlomo Zilberstein. "Online Decision-Making for Scalable Autonomous Systems." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/664.

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We present a general formal model called MODIA that can tackle a central challenge for autonomous vehicles (AVs), namely the ability to interact with an unspecified, large number of world entities. In MODIA, a collection of possible decision-problems (DPs), known a priori, are instantiated online and executed as decision-components (DCs), unknown a priori. To combine their individual action recommendations of the DCs into a single action, we propose the lexicographic executor action function (LEAF) mechanism. We analyze the complexity of MODIA and establish LEAF’s relation to regret minimization. Finally, we implement MODIA and LEAF using collections of partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) DPs, and use them for complex AV intersection decision-making. We evaluate the approach in six scenarios within an industry-standard vehicle simulator, and present its use on an AV prototype.
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Rae, John, Carole Roberts, and Gary Taylor. "Collaborative Learning: A Connected Community Approach." In InSITE 2006: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2946.

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Collaborative Learning in group settings currently occurs across a substantial portion of the UK Higher Education curriculum. This style of learning has many roots including: Enterprise in Higher Education, Action Learning and Action Research, Problem Based Learning, and Practice Based Learning. As such our focus on Collaborative Learning development can be viewed as an evolutionary. This collaborative and active group learning provides the foundation for what can be collectively called connectivist ‘Learning Communities’. In this setting a primary feature of a ‘Learning Community’ is one that carries a responsibility to promote one another’s learning. This paper will outline a developmental collaborative learning approach and describe a supporting software environment, known as the Salford Personal Development Environment (SPDE), that has been developed and implemented to assist in delivering collaborative learning for post graduate and other provision. This is done against a background of much research evidence that group based activity can enhance learning. These findings cover many approaches to group based learning and over a significant period of time. This paper reports on work-in-progress and the features of the environment that are designed to help promote individual and group or community learning that have been influenced by the broad base of research findings in this area.
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Yu, Sixie, David Kempe, and Yevgeniy Vorobeychik. "Altruism Design in Networked Public Goods Games." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/69.

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Many collective decision-making settings feature a strategic tension between agents acting out of individual self-interest and promoting a common good. These include wearing face masks during a pandemic, voting, and vaccination. Networked public goods games capture this tension, with networks encoding strategic interdependence among agents. Conventional models of public goods games posit solely individual self-interest as a motivation, even though altruistic motivations have long been known to play a significant role in agents' decisions. We introduce a novel extension of public goods games to account for altruistic motivations by adding a term in the utility function that incorporates the perceived benefits an agent obtains from the welfare of others, mediated by an altruism graph. Most importantly, we view altruism not as immutable, but rather as a lever for promoting the common good. Our central algorithmic question then revolves around the computational complexity of modifying the altruism network to achieve desired public goods game investment profiles. We first show that the problem can be solved using linear programming when a principal can fractionally modify the altruism network. While the problem becomes in general intractable if the principal's actions are all-or-nothing, we exhibit several tractable special cases.
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Reports on the topic "Collective action problems"

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Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab, Raymond Guiteras, James Levinsohn, and Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak. Social and Financial Incentives for Overcoming a Collective Action Problem. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29294.

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Sturzenegger, Germán, Cecilia Vidal, and Sebastián Martínez. The Last Mile Challenge of Sewage Services in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by Anastasiya Yarygina. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002878.

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Access to piped sewage in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) cities has been on the rise in recent decades. Yet achieving high rates of end-user connection between dwellings and sewage pipelines remains a challenge for water and sanitation utilities. Governments throughout the region are investing millions in increasing access to sewage services but are failing in the last mile. When households do not connect to the sewage system, the full health and social benefits of sanitation investments fail to accrue, and utilities can face lost revenue and higher operating costs. Barriers to connect are diverse, including low willingness to pay for connection costs and/or the associated tariffs, liquidity and credit constrains to cover the cost of upgrades or repairs, information gaps on the benefits of connecting, behavioral obstacles, and collective action failures. In contexts of weak regulation and strong social pressure, utilities typically lack the ability to enforce connection through fines and legal action. This paper explores the scope of the connectivity problem, identifies potential connection barriers, and discusses policy solutions. A research agenda is proposed in support of evidence-based interventions that have the potential to achieve higher effective sanitation coverage more rapidly and cost-effectively in LAC. This research agenda must focus on: i) quantifying the scope of the problem; ii) understanding the barriers that trigger it; and iii) identifying the most cost-effective policy and market-based solutions.
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Coulson, Saskia, Melanie Woods, Drew Hemment, and Michelle Scott. Report and Assessment of Impact and Policy Outcomes Using Community Level Indicators: H2020 Making Sense Report. University of Dundee, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001192.

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Making Sense is a European Commission H2020 funded project which aims at supporting participatory sensing initiatives that address environmental challenges in areas such as noise and air pollution. The development of Making Sense was informed by previous research on a crowdfunded open source platform for environmental sensing, SmartCitizen.me, developed at the Fab Lab Barcelona. Insights from this research identified several deterrents for a wider uptake of participatory sensing initiatives due to social and technical matters. For example, the participants struggled with the lack of social interactions, a lack of consensus and shared purpose amongst the group, and a limited understanding of the relevance the data had in their daily lives (Balestrini et al., 2014; Balestrini et al., 2015). As such, Making Sense seeks to explore if open source hardware, open source software and and open design can be used to enhance data literacy and maker practices in participatory sensing. Further to this, Making Sense tests methodologies aimed at empowering individuals and communities through developing a greater understanding of their environments and by supporting a culture of grassroot initiatives for action and change. To do this, Making Sense identified a need to underpin sensing with community building activities and develop strategies to inform and enable those participating in data collection with appropriate tools and skills. As Fetterman, Kaftarian and Wanderman (1996) state, citizens are empowered when they understand evaluation and connect it in a way that it has relevance to their lives. Therefore, this report examines the role that these activities have in participatory sensing. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using the concept of Community Level Indicators (CLIs), which are measurable and objective sources of information gathered to complement sensor data. We describe how CLIs are used to develop a more indepth understanding of the environmental problem at hand, and to record, monitor and evaluate the progress of change during initiatives. We propose that CLIs provide one way to move participatory sensing beyond a primarily technological practice and towards a social and environmental practice. This is achieved through an increased focus in the participants’ interests and concerns, and with an emphasis on collective problem solving and action. We position our claims against the following four challenge areas in participatory sensing: 1) generating and communicating information and understanding (c.f. Loreto, 2017), 2) analysing and finding relevance in data (c.f. Becker et al., 2013), 3) building community around participatory sensing (c.f. Fraser et al., 2005), and 4) achieving or monitoring change and impact (c.f. Cheadle et al., 2000). We discuss how the use of CLIs can tend to these challenges. Furthermore, we report and assess six ways in which CLIs can address these challenges and thereby support participatory sensing initiatives: i. Accountability ii. Community assessment iii. Short-term evaluation iv. Long-term evaluation v. Policy change vi. Capability The report then returns to the challenge areas and reflects on the learnings and recommendations that are gleaned from three Making Sense case studies. Afterwhich, there is an exposition of approaches and tools developed by Making Sense for the purposes of advancing participatory sensing in this way. Lastly, the authors speak to some of the policy outcomes that have been realised as a result of this research.
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