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1
Cammack, Diana Rose, 1945- author, ed. Governance for development in Africa: Solving collective action problems. London: Zed Books, 2013.
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2
Transnational common goods: Strategic constellations, collective action problems, and multi-level provision. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
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3
Tarrow, Sidney G. Struggle, politics, and reform: Collective action, social movements and cycles of protest. [Ithaca, N.Y.]: Center for International Studies, Cornell University, 1989.
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4
Tarrow, Sidney G. Struggle, politics, and reform: Collective action, social movements and cycles of protest. [Ithaca, N.Y.]: Center for International Studies, Cornell University, 1991.
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5
Community action for collective goods: An interdisciplina[r]y approach to the internal and external solutions to collective action problems : the case of Hungarian condominiums. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006.
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6
Orbán, Annamária. Community action for collective goods: An interdisciplina[r]y approach to the internal and external solutions to collective action problems : the case of Hungarian condominiums. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006.
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7
Leonard, Jason, ed. Participatory community research: Theories and methods in action. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2004.
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8
Marcetti, Corrado, Giancarlo Paba, Anna Lisa Pecoriello, and Nicola Solimano, eds. Housing Frontline. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-082-2.
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Over recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the various possible forms of poverty and housing vulnerability: from the total lack of shelter of the homeless to the risk of losing their home that now threatens numerous families in medium-low income brackets. At the same time, the traditional linear and standardised housing policies appear no longer adequate to address these phenomena. This book contains the results of a study entrusted by the Tuscan Regional Authority to a working group from the University of Florence and the Fondazione Giovanni Michelucci. The research explores the field of practices for self-production of housing in Italy and the world, through a critical selection of significant experiences, revealing the architectural and social creativity exploited in a large variety of collective actions. The book also contains a reconstruction of housing problems in Tuscany and an overview of alternative approaches to housing policy. The last section is devoted to the research-action on the occupation of the Luzzi, the abandoned sanatorium on the border between Florence and Sesto Fiorentino, a case that illustrates the most significant contradictions and dilemmas gravitating around the housing issue for the new poor: the problem of homeless immigrants; the difficulty of the authorities in managing problems of extreme housing poverty; the role of the associations and organisations of social mediation, and the inherent complexity of achieving a participatory approach to social and town planning research.
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Claman, Victor N. Acting on your faith: Congregations making a difference : a guide to success in service and social action. Boston: Insights, 1994.
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10
Rossinskiy, Sergey. Pre-trial proceedings in a criminal case: the nature and methods of collecting evidence. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1244960.
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The monograph is devoted to a comprehensive review of the problems of pre-trial evidence collection as one of the stages of the general procedural mechanism aimed at establishing the circumstances relevant to the criminal case. The essence, methodological basis and system of investigative actions, forensic examinations and other procedural methods of collecting evidence that make up the modern arsenal of bodies of inquiry and preliminary investigation are investigated. The main cognitive and security technologies used in conducting investigative and other procedural actions are highlighted. The problems of the theory and legal regulation of the general rules of their implementation, the procedural status of their participants, fixing their progress and results, judicial control over their production are reflected; the actual problems of investigative inspection, examination, search, interrogation, confrontation, forensic examination, as well as the presentation, demand and seizure (seizure) of objects and documents are considered. Special attention is paid to the applied aspects, the analysis of errors and difficulties that arise in modern law enforcement practice, and possible ways to overcome them are proposed. For researchers and practitioners, teachers, postgraduates( adjuncts), students, as well as anyone interested in topical issues of criminal procedure law and criminology.
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Bettin Lattes, Gianfranco, and Paolo Turi, eds. La sociologia di Luciano Cavalli. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-644-0.
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The Faculty of Political Science of Florence – the oldest school of political and social science in Italy, founded in 1875 by Carlo Alfieri and named after his father Cesare – has a tradition of study that is widely recognised, even abroad, to which the cultural project of this series is related. The first book is dedicated to the research activity carried out by Luciano Cavalli and the profound traces that it has left on Italian and European sociology. Now Professor Emeritus, Luciano Cavalli taught and worked at the "Cesare Alfieri" for many years from 1966 on. Around his commitment as a "pioneer" of sociology in Italy he mustered an array of sociologists, active in different universities, many of whom have opened up new frontiers within the discipline and have successfully cultivated a dialogue with the other social sciences, as the contents of the book clearly illustrate. This extensive collection of essays offers a clear image of the fertile sociological work that burgeoned around the scientific commitment of Luciano Cavalli and was often generated by his own action of cultural stimulus. The three sections into which the book is divided – Portrait of an intellectual, The sociology of political phenomena and Sociological theory and social change – address issues of great relevance to the contemporary sociological debate. The rapport between the democratic construction of the modern State and the role and functions of the leadership, the relations between citizens and leaders, the various forms of the democratic institutional structures and the transformations of political culture are interwoven with the Neo-Weberian interpretation of the charisma theory that Cavalli masterfully proposed. Also particularly significant and topical are the critical reflections made by writers whose scientific itinerary has run parallel to that of Cavalli for decisive stretches, and who were and are bound to his teaching when they tackle arguments such as the changes in urban life, immigration and the problems of economic, political and social development in our times.
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Boffo, Vanna, Sabina Falconi, and Tamara Zappaterra, eds. Per una formazione al lavoro. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-304-5.
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The volume is a collection of the papers from a study seminar held at the University of Florence Faculty of Education and Training Sciences in March 2012 entitled Formazione e orientamento al lavoro. Le sfide della disabilità adulta. The aim of the initiative was to highlight a topic/problem which has little or no resonance in civil society, or in study and research contexts, namely, training and career guidance for disabled adults. The volume also recounts a course of studies carried out by Le Rose, a cooperative from the municipality of Florence, involving empirical research on the relationship between disability and job placement. As well as proposing an interdisciplinary and multifaceted reflection on a definitely innovative topic, the intention is to emphasize the central place of work in the lives of all people and the role that suitable education and training plays in constructing the adult identity. Care for the place where the job training is carried out, as well as attention to the relationships and actions pursued by the workers undertaking to develop job placement programmes, are central dimensions for the construction of a renewed culture of inclusion, citizenship and social and personal recognition.
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Bowles, Samuel, and Herbert Gintis. The Evolutionary Basis of Collective Action. Edited by Donald A. Wittman and Barry R. Weingast. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548477.003.0053.
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This article discusses two problems in the study of political behaviours that support collective action. It reviews recent behavioural experiments documenting the variety and extent of these so called social preferences, as well as the manner in which the existence of individuals — even a minority — can affect group behaviour dramatically. This article shows that repeated interactions and kin-based altruism do not provide an adequate account of the forms of cooperation detected in natural and experimental settings.
14
Holzinger, K. Transnational Common Goods: Strategic Constellations, Collective Action Problems, and Multi-level Provision. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
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15
Orban, Annamaria. Community Action for Collective Goods: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Internal and External Solutions to Collective Action Problems: The Case of Hungarian Condominiums (Philosophiae Doctores). Akademiai Kiado, 2006.
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16
Lichterman, Paul. How Civic Action Works. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691177519.001.0001.
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This book renews the tradition of inquiry into collective, social problem-solving. The book follows grassroots activists, nonprofit organization staff, and community service volunteers in three coalitions and twelve organizations in Los Angeles as they campaign for affordable housing, develop new housing, or address homelessness. The book shows that to understand how social advocates build their campaigns, craft claims, and choose goals, we need to move beyond well-established thinking about what is strategic. The book presents a pragmatist-inspired sociological framework that illuminates core tasks of social problem-solving by grassroots and professional advocates alike. It reveals that advocates' distinct styles of collective action produce different understandings of what is strategic, and generate different dilemmas for advocates because each style accommodates varying social and institutional pressures. We see, too, how patterns of interaction create a cultural filter that welcomes some claims about housing problems while subordinating or delegitimating others. These cultural patterns help solve conceptual and practical puzzles, such as why coalitions fragment when members agree on many things, and what makes advocacy campaigns separate housing from homelessness or affordability from environmental sustainability. The book concludes by turning this action-centered framework toward improving dialogue between social advocates and researchers.
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Buchler, Justin. The Collective Action Problem in Practice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865580.003.0006.
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The manner in which the House of Representatives passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in 2010 demonstrated the principles of the unified model and the concept of “preference-preserving influence.” Representative Bart Stupak led a group of pro-life Democrats who threatened to sink the Senate’s unamended version of the bill, which the House needed to pass once Scott Brown won a special election, and Democrats could no longer invoke cloture on a House-Senate reconciliation bill. Any one of Stupak’s group could vote against the bill without causing the bill to fail and had electoral incentives to do so, but each had policy reasons to prefer passage, meaning that they were subject to a collective action problem. Party leadership solved that collective action problem, and without party leadership doing so, the Affordable Care Act would not have passed.
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Buchler, Justin. Polarization and Solving the Collective Action Problem. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865580.003.0005.
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The unified model predicts that a legislative caucus that is ideologically homogeneous, electorally diverse and policy-motivated will empower party leaders to solve the collective action problem of sincere voting. The result will be that legislators incrementally adopt ideologically extreme, electorally suboptimal positions in the policy space. Over the course of the post-World War II period, the party caucuses became more ideologically homogeneous, but retained their electoral diversity, thereby creating the conditions for party government. Legislators from centrist, competitive districts closely tracked their party medians rather than adopting centrist positions, which would have satisfied their constituents. That suggests parties are solving the collective action problem of sincere voting. No other institution is comparably suited to creating that effect, and even the rise of competitive primaries serves as a poor explanation for the phenomenon.
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You, Jong-sung. Trust and Corruption. Edited by Eric M. Uslaner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013.22.
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Trust and trustworthiness reinforce each other, while perceptions of fairness are closely linked to trust. Corruption in the form of untrustworthy behavior, a betrayal of entrusted power, and a breach of interactional or formal justice negatively affects people’s perceptions of fairness and generalized trust. Corruption can be understood as a collective action problem, and social trust can help solve such collective action problems. Empirical studies have found considerable evidence for the reciprocal causal relationship between social trust and corruption. On the one hand, there seems to be a vicious circle of low trust, high corruption, and high inequality, thus creating an inequality trap. On the other hand, there is a virtuous circle of high trust, low corruption, and low inequality, resulting in multiple equilibria. This relationship appears to be very strong in democracies, but not in authoritarian countries.
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Gerlak, Andrea K., and Susanne Schmeier. River Basin Organizations and the Governance of Transboundary Watercourses. Edited by Ken Conca and Erika Weinthal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199335084.013.20.
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This chapter defines transboundary waters and sheds light on the collective action problems they pose. It chronicles the rise of river basin organizations as the key regional institutions to manage and implement international water treaties and address collective action problems in transboundary waters. In examining questions of effectiveness, two important institutional design features of transboundary water governance are outlined: the role of stakeholder participation and the importance of science–policy linkages. Emerging challenges and controversies are addressed, including questions of adaptive capacity and matters of context in transboundary water governance. The chapter concludes with some suggested paths for future research, emphasizing institutional adaptation to future challenges.
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DeSombre, Elizabeth R. Problem Characteristics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636272.003.0002.
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Problem characteristics and social structures make environmental problems easy to create and difficult to address. Environmental problems are externalities—unintended consequences of other goals and activities people pursue. Because people don’t individually experience much, if any, of the harm they create (which is likely to affect others distant in time and space), it is difficult and costly for them to prioritize avoiding it. Collective action, necessary to make a difference environmentally, is difficult. These characteristics of environmental issues themselves are embedded in broader social structures—infrastructure and economic choices we do not directly or immediately control. These problem aspects suggest strategies: people are happy to accomplish their goals in a way that does not harm the environment if it can be made convenient for them to do so. In some cases aspects of an issue’s characteristics, or even social structures, can be changed.
22
Flam, Helena. The Emotional Man And The Problem Of Collective Action. Peter Lang Publishing, 2000.
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23
The Emotional Man and the Problem of Collective Action. Peter Lang Publishing, 2000.
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24
Ludwig, Kirk. Summary and Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789994.003.0016.
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This chapter summarizes in broad terms the work of the book, which focuses on how the multiple agents account of collective action can be extended to institutional and mob action. It reviews the problems raised by singular group agents. It reviews the account of logical form developed for grammatically singular group action sentences. It reviews the account of constitutive rules and constitutive agency. It reviews the analysis of status functions, collective acceptance, and conventions. It reviews the account of membership in singular group agents. It reviews the account of proxy agency. It reviews the application to corporations and nation states. It concludes with a big picture view of the territory and brief description of directions for future research.
25
Warren, Mark E. Democracy. Edited by George Klosko. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.003.0029.
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When compared to various forms of autocracy, monarchy, theocracy, oligarchy, and dictatorship, democracies are better at solving, routinizing, and institutionalizing basic problems of common social life and collective action. This article explores the historical origins of ideas that articulate and justify contemporary democratic theory and practice. First, it surveys the conceptual questions embedded in the concept of democracy inherited from the Greek, demokratia—literally, the power (kratos) of the people (demos), though commonly translated as rule of the people. Embedded in this concept of democracy we find at least four basic classes of questions: Who are “the people”? At what level of organization is “self-government” directed? How is the rule of the people translated into collective decisions and actions? Why is democracy good? The answers to these questions form, as it were, the history of democratic theory from the perspective of what historical democratic ideas and practices might contribute to the present and future of democracy.
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Capussela, Andrea Lorenzo. The Conceptual Framework: Collective Action, Trust, Culture, and Ideas. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796992.003.0003.
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This chapter completes the theoretical framework of the book by juxtaposing institutional economics with the literature on the collective action problem, social norms, culture, and ideas. It discusses the foundations of the collective action problem and the role of institutions—formal (laws) and informal (social norms)—in overcoming it. It links these studies with those on social capital, civicness, and the origins of generalized inter-personal trust. It criticizes the view—frequent in analyses of Italy—that a society’s culture is an independent obstacle to its development, and argues conversely that institutions, civicness, trust, and culture are part of the extant social order, and co-evolve. It ends with a discussion of the role of ideas, which are freer from the grip of the extant equilibrium and can lead elites, distributional coalitions, and ordinary citizens and firms to revise their assessment of their own interests and support efficiency-enhancing reforms.
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DeSombre, Elizabeth R. Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636272.001.0001.
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We all behave in ways that cause environmental harm whether we intend to or not. This book looks at how social structures, incentives, information, habits, attitudes, norms, and the inherent characteristics of environmental resources explain and influence how we behave, and how those causes influence what we can do to change behavior. It is essential to understand why bad environmental behavior makes sense, especially from an individual perspective, in order to figure out how to change that behavior. Environmental activists often focus on providing information or raising concern about environmental problems; these approaches are ultimately less effective than systematic and institutional approaches. We should restructure incentives to reward good behavior and penalize action that causes environmental harm, change social norms so that environmental behavior is seen as a community expectation, and develop habits, defaults, and business routines so that people engage in better environmental behavior without having to make active decisions to do so. Environmental problems are serious, and we need to change our collective behavior to prevent or address them. Because this action is important, it is worthwhile to figure out what works, or doesn’t work, to change behavior. To do that, we have to understand why even good people do bad environmental things.
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Dewar, Andrew Raffo. Performance, Resistance, and the Sounding of Public Space. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842741.003.0015.
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Two years after the 1966 military coup in Argentina, three musicians, Norberto Chavarri, Roque de Pedro and Guillermo Gregorio, formed the intermedia performance collective Movimiento Música Más. The collective combined experimental music, visual art, poetic performance, and political action, carrying out activities in concert halls, plazas, and city buses. This chapter examines the activist art of this little-known “Other” avant-garde that existed at the periphery of 1960s internationalism, focusing on two of its performance pieces: Plaza para una siesta de domingo (1970) and Música para colectivo línea 7 (1971), composed by Norberto Chavarri. These two performances embody the group’s approach to experimentalism: a commitment to bringing art and people into public spaces during a time of rigid governmental control of those spaces and bodies, creating domestically inspired aesthetic responses to the complex problems of late 1960s and early 1970s Buenos Aires.
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Leigh, Burstein, Freeman Howard E, and Rossi Peter Henry 1921-, eds. Collecting evaluation data: Problems and solutions. Beverly Hills, Calif: Saga Publications, 1985.
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Burstein, Leigh, Peter H. (Henry) Rossi, and Howard E. Freeman. Collecting Evaluation Data: Problems and Solutions. Sage Publications, Inc, 1985.
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31
McInnes, Colin, Kelley Lee, and Jeremy Youde, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Global Health Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190456818.001.0001.
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Global health politics has emerged over the last two decades as a distinct, interdisciplinary field of study which, although its boundaries are not set, is beginning to demonstrate signs of maturity. It is concerned with the actions, practices, and policies that govern the sphere of global health. Its emergence is intimately linked with the reconceptualisation of health as global. The field addresses not only the processes of decision-making, but also the structures of power that shape what is possible and the requirement for collective action to address global problems. Politics is unavoidable, necessary, and integral to effectively addressing global health challenges. The study of global health politics therefore is not about how to minimise interference in rational decision-making, but rather about explaining and improving the quality of political institutions and processes that will, in turn, improve global health action and, ultimately, outcomes. Fundamental to this is an understanding of the nature of politics and the workings of power. But the field also requires knowledge and techniques from a variety of disciplines, which intersect to produce a more complete understanding than any one discipline can provide. The result is inherently both multi- and interdisciplinary, characterised by methodological pluralism and varied theoretical perspectives.
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Shrestha, Manoj K., and Richard C. Feiock. Local Government Networks. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.22.
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Local governments frequently network with other local governments or other entities for efficient or effective delivery of local services. Networks enable local governments to discover ways to address externalities and diseconomies of scale produced by political fragmentation, functional interconnection, and uneven distribution of knowledge and resources. Local government networking can be informal or formal and bilateral or multilateral, in the form of deliberative forums or mutual aid agreements. This chapter uses the institutional collective action framework to underscore the link between problems of coordination and credibility of commitment that local governments face as they seek self-organizing solutions and the bridging and bonding networks they create in response to these problems. It then reviews the current state of scholarship in local government networks (LGNs) and shows that much progress has been made in both egocentric and whole LGN studies. Finally, it highlights important areas needing attention to advance LGN scholarship.
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Ness, Immanuel. Temporary Labor Migration and U.S. and Foreign-Born Worker Resistance. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036279.003.0005.
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This chapter examines how skilled and semi-skilled guest worker programs contribute to the displacement of workers throughout the U.S. economy. In the future, as migrant labor programs are institutionalized through the World Trade Organization and are viewed as the latest formula for economic development, it is likely that this new commodification of labor will spread into a growing number of labor market sectors, including manufacturing and transportation. At the same time the chapter reveals that while corporate human resource executives view migrant laborers as docile and complacent, a growing number are resorting to collective action in the form of micro organizing, where small groups organize to address the specific problems they face.
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Buchler, Justin. Extreme Reversion Points and Party Leadership from 2011 through 2016. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865580.003.0007.
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When a majority party works on normal legislation, it faces a collective action problem of sincere voting, and must prevent legislators from centrist districts from voting against noncentrist legislation. From 2011 through 2016, though, Republican Party leadership faced a different challenge, and leaders were pitted against the extremists in their caucus. This occurred because of a change to the legislative agenda resulting from the combination of extreme polarization and divided government introduced by the 2010 election. With no incentive to work on normal legislation, the agenda did little but avoid reversion points, like debt ceiling breaches, which the extreme elements in the caucus actually found acceptable. Speaker Boehner was forced to solve a new collective action problem, then, convincing a group of Republicans to join with Democrats on bipartisan deals to avoid these reversion points. While historically unusual, the dynamic is what would be expected from the unified model.
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Farber, Daniel A. Public Choice Theory and Legal Institutions. Edited by Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684267.013.015.
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This article asks what public choice can teach about legal institutions and their governing framework of public law. It begins with an overview and assessment of two important components of public choice: social choice theory (stemming from Arrow's Theorem) and interest group theory. It then considers the use of public choice models to explain the behaviour of legislatures, agencies, and courts. The core public choice insight is that institutional structures are responses to fundamental problems relating to collective action. However, the normative use of specific public choice models should be undertaken with caution. The models are likely to be most useful when they are informed by deep familiarity with specific institutional contexts; reforms are context-specific; and proposed changes are at the margin rather than involving major structural changes.
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Shockley, Kenneth. Individual and Contributory Responsibility for Environmental Harm. Edited by Stephen M. Gardiner and Allen Thompson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199941339.013.24.
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Many environmental problems are the result of the aggregation of seemingly innocuous individual actions. As a result, recognizing the moral significance of our contributory, indirect role in the generation of collective harms is crucial in environmental contexts. This chapter argues that taking our contributory role seriously provides a means of accepting a robust form of responsibility for collective harms. Our responsibilities include not only our individual actions, what we have done directly as individuals, but also the influence we might have on the wide range of institutions and practices that can generate harm and benefit. Taking seriously our contributory responsibility for collective harms not only provides an appropriate way of thinking about moral responsibility in environmental contexts but also provides a helpful response to those who reject the possibility of an individual moral obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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Passarelli, Richard, David Michel, and William Durch. From “Inconvenient Truth” to Effective Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805373.003.0008.
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The Earth’s climate system is a global public good. Maintaining it is a collective action problem. This chapter looks at a quarter-century of efforts to understand and respond to the challenges posed by global climate change and why the collective political response, until very recently, has seemed to lag so far behind our scientific knowledge of the problem. The chapter tracks the efforts of the main global, intergovernmental process for negotiating both useful and politically acceptable responses to climate change, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, but also highlights efforts by scientific and environmental groups and, more recently, networks of sub-national governments—especially cities—and of businesses to redefine interests so as to meet the dangers of climate system disruption.
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Callaghan, Helen. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815020.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 introduces the puzzle and research agenda, reviews relevant literature, summarizes the argument, and reflects on the methodology used. Since the early 1980s, governments worldwide have taken a wide range of policy measures to strengthen and expand competition. The financial crisis that erupted in 2008 has not led to a major reversal. This prolonged phase of market liberalization runs counter to influential scholarly predictions that the role of markets would decline. Most doomsayers of marketization ignored mid-range political sources of capitalist dynamism, including endogenous policy feedback. Others focused too narrowly on the political representatives of market contestants, and on the collective action problems that afflict challengers more than incumbents. Process tracing techniques, mechanism-oriented research, and a stronger focus on the rejoicing profiteers can contribute to establishing whether and why market-restraining rules are more prone to undermining their own political support bases than market-enabling rules are.
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Lubell, Mark, and Carolina Balazs. Integrated Water Resources Management. Edited by Ken Conca and Erika Weinthal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199335084.013.2.
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Integrated water resources management (IWRM) has become a globally recognized approach to water governance. However, the definition of IWRM remains abstract, and implementation challenges remain. This chapter analyzes IWRM from the perspective of adaptive governance, which conceptualizes IWRM as an institutional arrangement that seeks to solve collective-action problems associated with water resources and adapt over time in response to social and environmental change. Adaptive governance synthesizes several strands of literature to identify the core social processes of water governance: cooperation, learning, and resource distribution. This chapter reviews the existing research on these ideas and presents frontier research questions that require continued investigation to understand how IWRM contributes to the sustainability and resilience of water governance. It argues that an adaptive governance lens allows movement beyond the contentious normative debate surrounding the appropriate definition of IWRM to analyze the core social and political processes driving its decision-making processes.
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Clark, Gordon L. Behaviour in Context. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.10.
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The behavioural revolution has profoundly affected how we conceptualize behaviour. The rational agent of standard microeconomic theory has been found wanting and, in its place, new formulations have been presented which take seriously human traits like myopia and loss aversion. Here it is argued that the behavioural revolution offers a way of understanding common problems in economic geography, such as co-location, clusters of innovation, the diffusion of innovation, and home bias. It is noted that earlier versions of behaviouralism stressed bounded rationality but underestimated the far-reaching consequences of the behavioural revolution. To explain the significance of these developments for understanding the intersection between cognition and context, we look closely at behaviour in time and space. The implications of behaviouralism for institutions are briefly considered, emphasizing the role that collective action in or through institutions can play in ameliorating the adverse effects of behavioural biases and anomalies.
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Markussen, Thomas, Smriti Sharma, Saurabh Singhal, and Finn Tarp. Inequality, institutions, and cooperation. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/884-9.
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We examine the effects of randomly introduced economic inequality on voluntary cooperation, and whether this relationship is influenced by the quality of local institutions, as proxied by corruption. We use representative data from a large-scale lab-in-the-field public goods experiment with over 1,300 participants across rural Vietnam. Our results show that inequality adversely affects aggregate contributions, and this is on account of high endowment individuals contributing a significantly smaller share than those with low endowments. This negative effect of inequality on cooperation is exacerbated in high corruption environments. We find that corruption leads to more pessimistic beliefs about others’ contributions in heterogeneous groups, and this is an important mechanism explaining our results. In doing so, we highlight the indirect costs of corruption that are understudied in the literature. These findings have implications for public policies aimed at resolving local collective action problems.
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Rosenblatt, Fernando. The Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190870041.003.0002.
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This chapter examines in detail the theoretical factors that explain party vibrancy: Purpose, Trauma, Channels of Ambition, and moderate Exit Barriers. Purpose fosters prospective loyalty. A party exhibits Purpose when it intensely defends a more or less coherent set of ideas, ideology, or a general project. Trauma forges retrospective loyalty among party members. It refers to shared emotions derived from the shared suffering of harsh experiences. Channels of Ambition captures the idea of parties as organizations comprising office seekers. More specifically, it builds on Aldrich’s (1995) claim that parties solve collective action problems for ambitious politicians. Finally, it discusses the theoretical effects of Exit Barriers. This factor fosters partisan organization when politicians from a political party perceive moderately high costs of leaving their organization to join a different party or of pursuing a career as an independent. Finally, the chapter also discusses the interaction among these factors.
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Gatti, Susan I. “A Curious Sort of Book”. Edited by Jay Williams. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199315178.013.24.
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A bold, imaginative work, The Star Rover demonstrates Jack London’s inventive approach to the social-protest genre. London mixes in the typical problem-novel ingredients: gritty, realistic details; sympathetic, downtrodden victims; greedy capitalist villains and their muscle-headed henchmen; brisk, often violent, action; outraged invective; individual and collective resistance; and radical action for precipitating change. But, in the process of exposing conditions within American prisons, London deviates sharply and creatively in The Star Rover—not only from the conventions of protest writing but also from the type of writing that normally assured him of good sales and positive reviews.
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Holmes, Sean P. The Sock and Buskin or the Artisan’s Biretta. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037481.003.0003.
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This chapter focuses on the problems that organizing in defense of their collective interests posed for the men and women of the American stage and, indeed, for many other occupational groups on the margins of the American middle class. Beginning with an analysis of the work culture of actors, it argues that while the shared experiences of a life on the boards generated a powerful sense of group identity, individual ambition, the fuel that powered the star system, proved difficult to reconcile with the principles of collective action. It goes on to highlight how actors' leaders deployed the vocabulary of high culture and the larger language of class of which it was a part not simply to define their position in relation to the major theatrical employers but also to draw a line between those performers they deemed worthy of the label artist and those they did not. It concludes with a detailed analysis of the debate that raged within the ranks of the Actors' Equity Association over the question of affiliation with the organized labor movement. Paying careful attention to the language that the competing parties employed to articulate their respective positions, it documents the development of a schism within the theatrical community that sprang from two markedly different ways of conceptualizing the process of cultural production.
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Henke, Marina E. Constructing Allied Cooperation. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739699.001.0001.
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How do states overcome problems of collective action in the face of human atrocities, terrorism and the threat of weapons of mass destruction? How does international burden-sharing in this context look like? This book addresses these questions. It demonstrates that coalitions do not emerge naturally; rather, pivotal states deliberately build them. They develop operational plans and bargain suitable third parties into the coalition. Pulling apart the strategy behind multilateral military coalition-building, the book looks at the ramifications and side effects as well. Via these ties, pivotal states have access to private information on the deployment preferences of potential coalition participants. Moreover, they facilitate issue-linkages and side-payments and allow states to overcome problems of credible commitments. Finally, pivotal states can use common institutional contacts as cooperation brokers, and they can convert common institutional venues into fora for negotiating coalitions. The theory and evidence presented force us to revisit the conventional wisdom on how cooperation in multilateral military operations comes about. The book generates new insights with respect to who is most likely to join a given multilateral intervention, what factors influence the strength and capacity of individual coalitions, and what diplomacy and diplomatic ties are good for. Moreover, as the Trump administration promotes an “America First” policy and withdraws from international agreements and the United Kingdom completes Brexit, this book is an important reminder that international security cannot be delinked from more mundane forms of cooperation; multilateral military coalitions thrive or fail depending on the breadth and depth of existing social and diplomatic networks.
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Ludwig, Kirk. The Division of Labor and Proxy Agency. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789994.003.0013.
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Chapter 13 first lays out the problem of proxy agency. An example of a proxy agent is a spokesperson for an organization. When the spokesperson, appropriately authorized, in the right conditions, with the right intention and message, speaks, we count the group as announcing something. Thus, it appears that the group does something but only one of its members acts. Proxy agency appears then to be inconsistent with the multiple agents analysis of collective action. Chapter 13 provides an account of proxy agency, focusing on the case of a spokesperson, that draws on the notion of a status function and constitutive agency to show it can be compatible with the multiple agents account of institutional action. Then it clarifies and extends the account by defending it against objections. Finally, it discusses the systematic use of the same terms in different senses in relation to individual and institutional agency.
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Kewley, Stephanie, and Charlotte Barlow, eds. Preventing Sexual Violence. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529203769.001.0001.
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Efforts to prevent sexual violence against women and children can be evidenced by many local, national, global initiatives. In 2016, the World Health Organisation published its Global Plan of Action to address violence against women and children. The strategy called for a global and nationwide public health multisectoral response to preventing violence. This collection aims to respond to this call by examining academic and practitioner perspectives of current approaches that claim to respond to both victims and perpetrators of sexual violence in preventing future violence. Contributors across this collection, critically examine contemporary policy and practice, highlighting existing gaps in our knowledge, problems in policy and service delivery; as well as recommending possibilities and future solutions that might begin to address some of the challenges faced by stakeholders in this field.
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Dutta, Nandana. Public Anger, Violence, and the Legacy of Decolonization in India. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040801.003.0006.
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In this chapter, Nandana Dutta examines the turn to collective violence, especially lynching, in postcolonial India, tracing it to “the forms of agency that emerged in the peculiar understanding of issues of modernity, the rule of law, and the indigenous Gandhian form of self rule known famously as swaraj during and after the Independence movement.” Dutta reflects on the connotations of the word lynching as it has been used in recent years in India to refer both to the taking of life by a mob or group, and to also refer to occasions of mob fury/action where death may not actually occur but the dynamics of the individual/mob victim-perpetrator relationship are similar. Noting the influence of American culture in the spread of the term lynching in India, Dutta argues that Indian collective violence “has emerged alongside or in the wake of movements for autonomy, identity, and territory that have become independent India’s most significant problem because these provide both occasion and site for the exercise of agency in the form of extralegal violence.”
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Dowding, Keith. Rational Choice and Political Power. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529206333.001.0001.
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Rational Choice and Political Power is a classic text republished with two new chapters. It critiques the three dimensions of power showing that we can explain everything the dimensions are designed to highlight using the tools of rational choice theory. It argues power is best seen as a property of agents, and can be measured by looking at their relative resources. Breaking down power resources into five abstract categories we can see why groups of individuals can fail to secure their best interests due to the collective action problem. We can also define objective interests in through the lens of collective action. Despite power being seen as a property of agents rational choice models of power provide structural Explanation. The power and luck structure is the relationship in agential resource-holding given agents preferences. The book explains the difference between power and systematic luck – the latter is where groups, including powerful ones – can get what they want without doing anything simply because of their social location in the power and luck structure. The book engages with some feminist critiques of seeing power in rational choice terms and includes some methodological discussion of the relationship of methodological individualism and structuralism and then that the concept of power is essentially contested. This book’s unique interaction with both classical and contemporary debates makes it an essential resource for anyone teaching or studying power in the disciplines of sociology, philosophy, politics or international relations.
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Pavel, Carmen E. Law Beyond the State. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197543894.001.0001.
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At the dawn of the twenty-first century, international politics is increasingly governed by legal rules and institutions. Yet widespread skepticism of its value and transformative potential, and sometimes outright hostility toward it, abound. This book provides a normative justification for international law. Namely, it argues that the same reasons which support the development of law at the domestic level—the promotion of peace; the protection of individual rights; the facilitation of extensive, complex forms of cooperation; and the resolution of collective action problems—also support the development of law at the international level. The book offers moral and legal reasons for states to improve, strengthen, and further institutionalize the capacity of international law. The argument thus engages in institutional moral reasoning. It also shows why it should matter to individuals that their states are part of a rule-governed international order. When states are bound by common rules of behavior, their citizens reap the benefits. International law encourages states to protect individual rights and provides a forum where they can communicate, negotiate, and compromise on their differences in order to protect themselves from outside interference and pursue their domestic policies more effectively, including those directed at enhancing their citizen’s welfare. Thus, international law makes a critical, irreplaceable, and defining contribution to an international order characterized by peace and justice.