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Journal articles on the topic 'Collective bargaining – Government employees – United States'

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Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Block, Richard N. "Collective bargaining, competitiveness and employment in the United States." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 7, no. 4 (2001): 697–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890100700412.

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This paper discusses collective bargaining in the United States over matters of job security, employment creation, and firm competitiveness. It first points out that US policy on economic issues is oriented toward facilitating the operation of markets; therefore, there is almost no public policy toward job security, employment creation, and competitiveness on which collective bargaining can build. Within the collective bargaining system, government policy merely enables unions and employers bargain over job security, employment creation, and firm competitiveness; it neither requires it nor eve

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2

Smith, P. Artell, and A. Wayne Owen. "Unionization in Utah's Municipalities: A “Right-to-Work” Case Study." Public Personnel Management 15, no. 3 (1986): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102608601500304.

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In recent years a dramatic increase has been seen in the number of public sector employees involved in union activities. Local government entities encompass some of the most fertile union ground in the United States. This increase in public sector unionism is proportional to declines in private sector unionism. For traditionally private sector unions to compensate for membership declines, it became necessary for labor organizations to move into areas which had largely been untapped and unorganized. States, like Utah, which do not have statutes permitting the recognition of public sector employ

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3

Reilly, Thom, and Michael Thom. "Local Government Sick-Leave Practices: An Exploratory Study." Review of Public Personnel Administration 37, no. 4 (2015): 492–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x15605158.

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The purpose of this study was to examine paid sick leave (PSL) practices among large municipal governments in the United States. Results of a national survey suggest that over 90% of these governments offer PSL. Few reported making any post-recession changes, and in fact, most governments continue to allow employees to rollover unused sick leave from year to year, cash out unused sick leave upon termination, and/or include unused sick leave in pension calculations despite the sometimes significant cost of such policies. Documentation is required in 70% of governments, but formal auditing of PS

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4

Sun, Xiaohan. "China Collective Negotiation in COVID-19: What We learn from a Comparative Analysis of China, the United States and Germany." American Journal of Trade and Policy 7, no. 2 (2020): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v7i2.486.

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Labor conflicts can be solved by an efficient collective bargaining system with consensus-based. Since the economic uncertainty caused by COVID-19, employers have been shut down or have had to reduce operations drastically and many employers want to furlough or dismiss employees under certain circumstances in China. Meanwhile, many workers have lost income. Since workers have gone back to the worksite in March 2020, labor unrest has spread out in order to ask for wage arrears in the manufactory, construction, and service sectors in terms of strikes map from China Labor Bulletin. The paper targ

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5

Kim, Chon-Kyun. "Exploring determinants of state employee union density in the United States." International Journal of Public Sector Management 27, no. 1 (2014): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-06-2012-0082.

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Purpose – To explore state employee union density, this paper discusses determinants of state sector union density and then empirically examines the linkages of the determinants and state union membership in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – After operationalizing and measuring the indicators of the crucial determinants of state employee union density, this study conducts a cross-sectional analysis on state sector union density. The dependent variable used in this study is state employee union density in the USA. The independent variables used in this study are the presence of a liberal s

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6

Ban, Igor. "Cultural Challenges of BlueBird Bio Expansion into Germany." Journal of Global Awareness 1, Fall/Winter (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24073/jga/1/02/06.

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BlueBird Bio is a biotechnology multinational corporation (MNC), with headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts, specializing in gene therapy solutions for autoimmune diseases and cancer. The company was recently approved, in Germany, for their new drug Zynteglo for the treatment of betta thalassemia. This approval opened the door for further investment in the European market, starting with the contracting of Apceth Biopharma and purchases of new land and equipment to establish a permanent residence in the country. The opening of the new European headquarters will demonstrate new challenges for

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7

Muhyiddin, Muhyiddin, Nur Siti Annazah, Henriko Henriko Tobing, Nugroho Habibi, Fahimah Fauziyah, and Riesa Istiqamah Putri Harsiwie. "The Ambiguity of Employment Relationship in Indonesia's Gig Economy: A Study of Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers." Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan 19, no. 3 (2024): 262–80. https://doi.org/10.47198/jnaker.v19i3.416.

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The rise of the gig economy in Indonesia, driven by digital platforms such as Gojek and Grab, has created significant employment opportunities through online motorcycle taxis (ojek online). However, the employment relationship between digital platforms and online motorcycle taxi drivers remains ambiguous. Currently, no explicit regulation defines the status of gig workers within Indonesia's legal framework. The absence of recognition as formal employees leaves these workers in precarious conditions, devoid of social security, minimum wage guarantees, and collective bargaining rights. This poli

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8

Shudra, Tamar. "Collective Bargaining." Journal of Contemporary Law 1, no. 1 (2019): 139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/jcl.v1i1.39.

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The Association Agreement concluded in 2014 by and between the European Union and theEuropean Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the one part, and Georgia onthe other part, obliges Georgian Government to respect, promote and realize in its law andpractice the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining. The research aims atemphasizing the main aspects promoting the effective recognition of the right to collectivebargaining.The research highlights the necessity of establishing the notion of “extension” of a collectiveagreement and stating the mandatory and volun

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9

Walker, Alexis N. "Labor's Enduring Divide: The Distinct Path of Public Sector Unions in the United States." Studies in American Political Development 28, no. 2 (2014): 175–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x14000054.

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Why did public sector unionization rise so dramatically and then plateau at the same time as private sector unionization underwent a precipitous decline? The exclusion of public sector employees from the centerpiece of private sector labor law—the 1935 Wagner Act—divided U.S. labor law and relegated public sector demand-making to the states. Consequently, public sector employees' collective bargaining rights were slow to develop and remain geographically concentrated, unequal and vulnerable. Further, divided labor law put the two movements out of alignment; private sector union density peaked

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10

Chigudu, Daniel. "Collective bargaining: An analysis of hurdles and applicability in the public sector." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 1 (2015): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i1_c2_p1.

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This article discusses the arguments against adopting collective bargaining in the public sector and its benefits. Collective bargaining in the public sector is viewed primarily as undermining democratic governance in one way and paradoxically it is seen as an essential part of democratic governance. In the former view, collective bargaining in the public sector is seen as an interference with administrative law for personal benefit to the detriment of the taxpayer. Proponents of this view argue that unionising public sector employees encourages disloyalty to the government at the expense of p

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Seidimbek, Aibar, Muslim Khassenov, and Marat Alenov. "Providing a Balance between Employers’ and Employees’ Interests through the Development of a Procedural Mechanism for Protecting Their Rights." Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 6, no. 2 (2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-6.2-a000202.

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Background: This article presents a study of the theoretical and practical aspects of balancing the interests of employers and employees in the context of Kazakhstan and the United States. The core purpose was to develop such mechanisms that can aid in balanced employer-employee relations in Kazakhstan. The article analyses the role of legal codes and frameworks for the elimination of imbalance in disputed employment relations. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted and the relevant legislation, codes and extant literature related to the rights of employees and employers were explored, whi

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Hoff, Timothy J. "Physician Unionization in the United States: Fad or Phenomenon?" Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 23, no. 1 (2000): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107937390002300101.

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This article explores the current trends and issues surrounding physician unionization in the United States, using data from secondary sources and nine interviews with leaders of organizations at the forefront of physician unionizing efforts. Several key points are supported by these data and prior unionization research. First, unions should become a viable organizing alternative for the almost 50% of doctors who are salaried employees because of fewer legal barriers to collective representation, the involvement of national labor unions with resources to spend on organizing, more physicians be

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13

Darmofal, David, Nathan J. Kelly, Christopher Witko, and Sarah Young. "Federalism, Government Liberalism, and Union Weakness in America." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 19, no. 4 (2019): 428–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532440019851806.

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Unlike most other countries, in the United States, subnational governments (states) have substantial authority over collective bargaining and union organization laws. Because states compete for business investment and union (dis)organization likely has spillover effects beyond state borders, weak unions in one state may affect union organization in other states. We examine how union decline in one state is associated with union decline in neighboring states, and whether the presence of prounion (left-leaning) governments may limit the spread of union decline. Examining a period of major union

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14

Cantin, Étienne. "The Politics of Austerity and the Conservative Offensive against US Public Sector Unions, 2008-2012." Articles 67, no. 4 (2012): 612–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013197ar.

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SummarySince the onset of the Great Recession, anti-union conservatives have been hammering out an arguably bogus yet politically potent argument: collective bargaining with government workers is unaffordable as their wages, health benefits, and pensions are driving states into deficits. Whilst evidence does not support the politically motivated attacks on public sector workers and their unions, a confluence of political-economic factors has been abetting efforts to scapegoat public employees and their unions.The first section of this essay places the 2011 wave of anti-public-sector-collective

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15

Yang, Zhuorui. "AI, Job Displacement, and Support for Workers." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 47 (February 8, 2025): 364–70. https://doi.org/10.54097/2xhrnp65.

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AI develops at an extraordinary pace and would be capable of outrace human worker in a wide variety of fields. Those affected by this are not limited to workers who hold middle class jobs. If fact, high-salaried professionals would also be impacted by AI considerably despite their education and training. This prompted policymakers to formulate relevant policies to support the affected workers. In the United States, the federal government and some state governments have passed acts to support workers, while union organizations have protected their members through self-regulation and collective

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16

Cunningham, W. B. "Public Employment, Collective Bargaining and the Conventional Wisdom : Canada and U.S.A." Relations industrielles 21, no. 3 (2005): 406–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/027700ar.

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The author states that the conventional wisdom has viewed collective bargaining in the public service as unnecessary, impractical and illegal. And he adds that, in general, and until recently, the prevailing practices in the United States and Canada have been in close harmony with the conventional wisdom. But the restless change of events threatens the existing state of affairs, described by the conventional wisdom, with progressive obsolescence. And the author answers the two following questions: Can the industrial relations system of the private sector be applied to public employment? To wha

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17

Hodges, Ann C. "Bargaining for Privacy in the Unionized Workplace." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 22, Issue 2 (2006): 147–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2006009.

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Abstract: This article considers whether collective bargaining can enhance privacy protection for employees in the United States. Employers are increasingly engaging in practices that invade employee privacy with few existing legal protections to limit their actions. While data on the extent of bargaining about privacy is limited, it appears that unions in the U.S. have primarily used the grievance and arbitration procedure to challenge invasions of privacy that lead to discipline of the employee instead of negotiating explicit contractual privacy rights. In contrast to the U.S., labor represe

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18

Shiells, Martha Ellen. "Collective Choice of Working Conditions: Hours in British and U.S. Iron and Steel, 1890–1923." Journal of Economic History 50, no. 2 (1990): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700036500.

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Twelve-hour days persisted in British and U.S. iron and steel after most industrial workers worked eight-hour days. When shorter hours finally came, sooner in Britain, they came abruptly. This article presents a model of working hours as public goods; when job attributes are shared there is a collective choice problem. In Britain, a collective bargaining mechanism reconciled the preferences of workers and capital owners and facilitated the move to shorter hours. In the United States immigrants had been willing to work long hours. When immigration was cut off, the government intervened.

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19

Hundley, Greg. "The Law and Union Membership in US State and Local Government." Journal of Industrial Relations 30, no. 2 (1988): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218568803000204.

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State and local government workers in the United States are covered by a wide variety of collective bargaining laws, thus providing a rare opportunity to analyse the effects of the law on union membership. Analysis of a large micro-data sample shows that several aspects of bargaining laws, particularly provisions relating to exclusive jurisdiction and union security, have a pronounced effect on the probability that a worker will be a union member. An individual covered by the right to strike is less likely to be a union member than an individual covered by a compulsory arbitration law. Estimat

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20

Sturmthol, Adolf. "State Intervention in the Settlement of Interests Conflicts." Relations industrielles 13, no. 4 (2014): 392–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1022409ar.

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The Author first describes the « contradictory values » which surround collective bargaining and industrial peace, going through a brief analysis of various industrial relations theories: those of Market, Government and Union Participation in Management. He then goes on to distinguish between various manifestations of industrial conflicts—one of which being the strike, which is not necessarily a symptom of « unhealthy » industrial relations. The Author states that government intervention in conflicts of interests must be the exception and must have their justification in each case. He founds h

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I. Sachs, Benjamin. "THE UNBUNDLED UNION." Revista Direito das Relações Sociais e Trabalhistas 4, no. 2 (2019): 16–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/mestradodireito.v4i2.126.

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Public policy in the United States is disproportionately responsive to the wealthy, and the traditional response to this problem, campaign finance regulation, has failed. As students of politics have long recognized, however, political influence flows not only from wealth but also from organization, a form of political power open to all income groups. Accordingly, as this Essay argues, a promising alternative to campaign finance regulations is legal interventions designed to facilitate political organizing by the poor and middle class. To date, the most important legal intervention of this kin

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22

Hollander, Taylor. "Making Reform Happen: The Passage of Canada's Collective-Bargaining Policy, 1943–1944." Journal of Policy History 13, no. 3 (2001): 299–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2001.0008.

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Patrick Conroy, the secretary-treasurer of the Canadian Congress of Labour (CCL) from 1941 to 1951, was not someone who gave up easily. As a friend observed, the Scottish-born coal miner was a committed trade unionist whose “moral certitude was admirable and… one of his great strengths.” In late 1942, however, Conroy seemed ready to call it quits on the CCL's campaign to win a national collective-bargaining policy in Canada. Since its inception in September 1940, the Congress, which represented most of the industrial unions in the country, had pushed hard for a comprehensive labor policy like

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23

Zaki, Mark M., Prateek Agarwal, Rohit Premkumar, et al. "1360 Faculty and Resident Perspectives on Collective Bargaining Efforts by Resident Physicians in the United States." Neurosurgery 71, Supplement_1 (2025): 228. https://doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000003360_1360.

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INTRODUCTION: Employees across industries, including healthcare workers such as nurses, are frequently represented by collective bargaining unions. In recent years, resident physicians have been increasingly seeking unionization to improve working conditions and benefits. Whether resident unionization will benefit or harm neurosurgery training remains unclear. METHODS: A 17-question survey (14 multiple-choice, 3 open-ended) evaluating respondents’ opinions on resident unionization was emailed to 551 faculty members of the Society of Neurosurgeons and 1,728 neurosurgical trainees in the United

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Ryan, Francis. "“You'll Never Walk Alone”: School Crossing Guard Associations and Labor Feminism in the Postwar United States." Labor 20, no. 1 (2023): 49–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-10237878.

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Abstract In the years immediately following World War II, cities and townships across the United States implemented public safety programs to oversee road crossing for children outside schools. The crossing guards assigned to coordinate safe passage at busy intersections were primarily women and, as part-time workers, were a distinct sector of an expanding public sector workforce. This article highlights the origins of these public safety initiatives and how crossing guards formed associations in the 1950s and 1960s to secure economic improvements. These independent organizations articulated a

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Ngozi Samuel Uzougbo, Onyinyechi Vivian Akagha, Julie Olajumoke Coker, Seun Solomon Bakare, and Amina Catherine Ijiga. "Effective strategies for resolving labour disputes in the corporate sector: Lessons from Nigeria and the United States." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 3, no. 2 (2023): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.3.2451.

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The relationship between an employer and employee though governed by various laws and regulations can still at some point witness some disagreements and dispute. Labour disputes are not uncommon neither are they peculiar to a particular industry in a country. Usually, trade disputes are hinged on agitation of employees for compensation, good working conditions, job stability and agitation against unlawful termination or dismissal of from service. Over the years, employees have adopted different ways to exhibit their discomfort and grievances in order to convey their message such as strike acti

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Ngozi, Samuel Uzougbo, Vivian Akagha Onyinyechi, Olajumoke Coker Julie, Solomon Bakare Seun, and Catherine Ijiga Amina. "Effective strategies for resolving labour disputes in the corporate sector: Lessons from Nigeria and the United States." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 3 (2023): 418–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12739863.

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The relationship between an employer and employee though governed by various laws and regulations can still at some point witness some disagreements and dispute. Labour disputes are not uncommon neither are they peculiar to a particular industry in a country. Usually, trade disputes are hinged on agitation of employees for compensation, good working conditions, job stability and agitation against unlawful termination or dismissal of from service. Over the years, employees have adopted different ways to exhibit their discomfort and grievances in order to convey their message such as strike acti

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Ngozi, Samuel Uzougbo, Vivian Akagha Onyinyechi, Olajumoke Coker Julie, Solomon Bakare Seun, and Catherine Ijiga Amina. "Effective strategies for resolving labour disputes in the corporate sector: Lessons from Nigeria and the United States." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, no. 3 (December 30, 2023): 418–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12739882.

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The relationship between an employer and employee though governed by various laws and regulations can still at some point witness some disagreements and dispute. Labour disputes are not uncommon neither are they peculiar to a particular industry in a country. Usually, trade disputes are hinged on agitation of employees for compensation, good working conditions, job stability and agitation against unlawful termination or dismissal of from service. Over the years, employees have adopted different ways to exhibit their discomfort and grievances in order to convey their message such as strike acti

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28

Baker, Russell K. "GTE Union Organization A Case Study." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 3, no. 3 (2007): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v3i3.4859.

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On November 19, 1993 the following notice was sent to the office of the general manager of GTE Supply Company in Tampa, Florida:Gentlemen:A petition for certification as collective bargaining representative of certain of your employees has been filed with this office, pursuant to the Labor Management Relations Act, as amended. A copy of the petition is enclosed. Should you desire further information before a Board Agent communicates with you, telephone or write the office to which the case is being assigned, referring to the above case name and number" (United States of America, 1993).This let

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Sin, Dongyun. "The ADR Procedure and Implication of Labor Disputes in the United States." Institute for Legal Studies Chonnam National University 43, no. 3 (2023): 173–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.38133/cnulawreview.2023.43.3.173.

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In South Korea, specific work procedures have not been established to activate the alternative dispute resolution before and after labor disputes in the relief procedure. In particular, there is no special law that can uniformly and consistently apply the alternative solutions to labor disputes, and the subjects, procedures, and contents of the application are scattered in the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act or the Labor Relations Commission Act. Nevertheless, the Labor Relations Commission actively participates from the collective bargaining stage, or the local labor commission

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Nasution, Faizal Amir P., Henriko Tobing, Nur Farizal, Syahdan Abdul Haris Siregar, and Muhyiddin Muhyiddin. "Study on the Implementation of ILO Convention No. 98 in Indonesia and Its Comparison with Developed and Developing Countries." Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan 19, no. 1 (2024): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47198/jnaker.v19i1.350.

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Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation has been reported by ITUC, KSPI, and KSBSI for violating ILO Convention No. 98. The Indonesian government is considered not involving Trade Unions/Labor Unions in terms of collective bargaining when drafting the Job Creation Law and the substance of the Job Creation Law which is considered to limit the role of Trade Unions/Labor Unions. The United States Government, the United States Labor Association, the Belgium Labor Association, Netherlands Labor Association, Republic of Korean Labor Association, and the Brazil Labor Association provide different views fr

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31

Kubisch, Mark R. "ESG, Public Pensions, and Compelled Speech." Texas A&M Law Review 11, no. 1 (2023): 71–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v11.i1.2.

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Investing based on Environmental, Social, and Governance (“ESG”) principles has dramatically increased in recent years. Many institutional investors— including public pension funds funded by mandatory contributions from government employees—now incorporate ESG principles into their investment and engagement strategies even though certain aspects of ESG, such as investing to reduce carbon emissions, are politically controversial. Over this same period, courts have reaffirmed that the First Amendment protects individuals from being compelled to associate with or to subsidize the speech of third

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Sautkina, V. "Protecting the Interests of Workers in The USA: Trends and Development Prospects." World Economy and International Relations 68, no. 8 (2024): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2024-68-8-85-95.

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In the context of worsening crises all over the world, there is a demand to find a way to solve existing problems: in accordance with their ideas about social justice, people unite in the struggle to protect their interests. As a result of a tightening labor market and rising inflation in the midst of the COVID&#8209;19 pandemic, the confrontation between business owners and employees has intensified in many countries. This study presents a retrospective of the formation of government institutions to protect labor rights in the United States. The article aims to show the features of labor

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Beck, Thomas J. "HeinOnline’s Labor and Employment: The American Worker." Charleston Advisor 25, no. 4 (2024): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.25.4.11.

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HeinOnline offers a core digital library package that contains nearly 3,000 legal journals published in more than 60 different countries, including thousands of Australian, Canadian, and European legal materials and multiple international government publications. This vendor also has several other databases can be attached to this core collection, and “Labor and Employment: The American Worker” is one of them.It contains thousands of books, published from the early twentieth century to the present; hundreds of scholarly articles, ranging from 1904 to the present (with new articles added each m

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Wells, Dominic D., and Bryan K. Robinson. "Police unions and police fatalities in the United States, 1990−2018." International Journal of Police Science & Management, April 26, 2023, 146135572311676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14613557231167678.

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As of 2018, thirty-one states granted collective bargaining rights to police officers that require local government management to recognize and collectively bargain in good faith with police unions. Although scholars have identified factors related to police fatalities, the influence of police unions has gone understudied. Research in other occupational areas shows that union strength is associated with fewer workplace injuries and fatalities. This research analyzes the influence of union strength and collective bargaining rights on police fatalities. Using state-level data from 1990 to 2018,

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Naomi, Soldon. "Naomi Soldon: Labor Unions in Wisconsin." May 26, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6583769.

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Labor unions have a long, proud history in the United States. Long before the term “union-buster” was even a glimmer in anyone’s eye, labor unions had started fighting for their rights and benefits. Today, labor unions make up a small but important part of the American workforce. They help workers earn a decent wage and form a union if they feel they are being mistreated by their employer. That being said, there is still plenty of room for improvement when it comes to the treatment of union members in certain industries and states. That’s why Naomi Soldon, an attorney s

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Willborn, Steven L. "Employee Speech in the United States: The Two Regimes." European Labour Law Journal, February 2, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/20319525241312152.

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This article explores the two distinct regimes that protect employee speech in the United States: one for public-sector workers under the First Amendment and one for private-sector workers under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). While both regimes provide certain speech protections, they operate in fundamentally different ways, shaped by their underlying legal and policy frameworks. Public sector workers’ speech is protected by a limited version of the First Amendment, with protections only extending to speech on matters of public concern and subject to the government's interest in mana

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Matthews, Jennifer. "When Does Delegating Make You a Supervisor?" OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 15, no. 2 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol15no02man03.

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An important aspect of the professional nurse role is that of delegating certain activities to others. In 1935 the United States (U.S.) Congress enacted the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), and the associated National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), to protect the rights of employees and employers and to encourage collective bargaining in industrial settings. In 1947 the Act was amended to exclude supervisors from the definition of “employees” for the purposes of collective bargaining. In 1974 Congress provided for collective bargaining for various professional personnel, including staff nur

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DiSalvo, Daniel, Patrick Flavin, and Michael Hartney. "State Labor Laws and Government Responsiveness to Public Opinion." Political Research Quarterly, January 4, 2023, 106591292211459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10659129221145938.

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We investigate the effects of states’ labor laws, which can enhance or diminish the political power of public and private sector labor unions, on government responsiveness to public opinion. Drawing on newly developed measures of public opinion and policy liberalism in the US states over time, we leverage differences in the timing of law enactments across the states and find that labor laws impact government responsiveness in distinct ways. States that adopt right-to-work laws that lessen private sector union influence enact economic policies that are more conservative than public opinion, whe

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Agarwal, Prateek, Mark M. Zaki, Rohit Prem Kumar, et al. "Neurosurgical faculty and resident perspectives on collective bargaining efforts by resident physicians in the United States." Journal of Neurosurgery, July 1, 2025, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3171/2025.3.jns243068.

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OBJECTIVE Collective bargaining unions frequently represent employees across industries, including healthcare workers such as nurses. In recent years, resident physicians have been increasingly unionizing to improve working conditions and benefits. However, whether resident unionization will benefit or harm neurosurgery training is unclear. This study aimed to ascertain the perspectives of neurosurgical faculty and trainees on collective bargaining efforts by resident physicians in the United States. METHODS A 17-question survey (14 multiple choice, 3 open ended) evaluating respondents’ opinio

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Feinberg-Danieli, Goldie, and Zsuzsanna Lonti. "The union and non-union wage differential in the New Zealand public service." Policy Quarterly 2, no. 2 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/pq.v2i2.4194.

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What do unions do? The major objective of unions is to improve the terms of conditions of employment for their members. At the same time, unions have a considerable impact on the employment conditions of not only their own members but non-unionised workers as well. One of the most important employment terms unions negotiate is wages. As a result, wage bargaining has been identified as a primary function of unions, and differences in wages between union and non-union members are considered an important measure of union power. In most countries this differential is called the ‘union/non-union’ w

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Nalbant, Mustafa. "ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTIONS IN COLLECTIVE EMPLOYMENT DISPUTES IN TÜRKİYE AND THE UNITED KINGDOM." İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, July 30, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.1412108.

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This paper aims to examine the settlement of collective employment disputes (CEDs) using alternative dispute resolution (ADR) techniques in both Türkiye and the United Kingdom (UK) where different levels of compulsion elements are employed for the resolution of CEDs via ADR methods. The evaluation of these methods is conducted according to pertinent International Labour Organization (ILO) criteria for effective dispute resolution, specifically focusing on the range of services pertaining to the diversity of available ADR methods and their simultaneous availability in Member States, voluntarism

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Anzia, Sarah F. "Public Schools and Their Pensions: How Is Pension Spending Affecting U.S. School Districts?" Education Finance and Policy, July 28, 2023, 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00412.

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Abstract State and local government decisions about how school funding is raised and allocated have profound impacts on American public education, and in recent years, experts have documented large increases in one type of spending in particular: public pensions. Because most data on school district pension expenditures are at the state level, it has so far been difficult to assess what changes local school districts have made in response. In this article, I analyze a new dataset of the annual pension expenditures of approximately 200 unified school districts across the United States from 2005

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Jr., Richard J. Hunter,, Hector R. Lozada, and John H. Shannon. "A Tale of Seven Cases – Faculty Unions in the United States – From Yeshiva To Elon: Is It Time to Review Yeshiva and the Positions of Church-Sponsored Colleges and Universities As Well?" Education Quarterly Reviews 4, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.04.03.314.

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This article is a summary discussion of the main issues faced by faculty at private, often church-sponsored, universities who sought to be represented by a union in collective bargaining with their employers. The discussion begins by tracing the origins of the rule that faculty at private universities are managers and not employees under the aegis of the National Relations Act in the Supreme Court case of Yeshiva University. The summary then follows developments over the years up to the most recent decision of the National Labor Relations Board that sanctioned the efforts of adjunct professors

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Richard, J. Hunter Jr., R. Lozada Hector, and H. Shannon John. "A Tale of Seven Cases – Faculty Unions in the United States – From Yeshiva To Elon: Is It Time to Review Yeshiva and the Positions of Church-Sponsored Colleges and Universities As Well?" 4, no. 3 (2021): 23–38. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.04.03.314.

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This article is a summary discussion of the main issues faced by faculty at private, often church-sponsored, universities who sought to be represented by a union in collective bargaining with their employers. The discussion begins by tracing the origins of the rule that faculty at private universities are managers and not employees under the aegis of the National Relations Act in the Supreme Court case of Yeshiva University. The summary then follows developments over the years up to the most recent decision of the National Labor Relations Board that sanctioned the efforts of adjunct professors

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LoBrutto, Lara R., A. Rani Elwy, Danielle Miano, et al. "Antecedents to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients and employees in the Veterans Health Administration." Translational Behavioral Medicine, November 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibac085.

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Abstract The present study sought to understand the antecedents to COVID-19 vaccination among those reporting a change in vaccine intention in order to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the United States. We employed semi-structured interviews and one focus group discussion with vaccinated and unvaccinated Veterans Health Administration (VHA) employees and Veterans at three Veterans’ Affairs medical centers between January and June 2021. A subset of these participants (n=21) self-reported a change in COVID-19 vaccine intention and were selected for additional analysis. We combined thematic an

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Julian, Katherine A., and Robert B. Baron. "Do Resident Unions Improve Graduate Medical Education Training? Benefits and Potential Pitfalls." Academic Medicine, June 26, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000005798.

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Abstract The last 10 years have seen an increase in union representation for residents and fellows across the United States. It is estimated that 15% of residents and fellows are represented by unions. With increasing numbers of U.S. residents and fellows in graduate medical education (GME) programs being represented by unions, the authors contend that it is worthwhile to consider the benefits and potential drawbacks of resident unions and how GME and health system leaders can best work to ensure that the educational needs of residents continue to be emphasized in an era of resident unionizati

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Moss, Philip, William Lazonick, and Joshua Weitz. "Employment and Earnings of African Americans Fifty Years After: Progress?" Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, July 13, 2020, 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp129.

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The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was established in 1965 to implement Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made it illegal to discriminate against an individual in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Coming into the 1960s, the employment opportunity that privileged the white male was much more than a job. By the 1960s, growing numbers of white men had employment that gave them steadily rising real earnings, often with decades of tenure at one organization. The “career-with-one-company” (CWOC) that had become the employment nor

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Sabbir, Ahmed Galib, Raisul Islam Khan Mohd, Md. Humayun Kabir Dr., and Zubayer Abdullah Shah. "A Study on the Occupational Safety and Health in Perspective of Disaster Management Approach: Research on Ready-Made Garments Sector of Bangladesh." November 18, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3545009.

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<strong>Introduction</strong> At present occupational hazard lies as the hazardous genesis of almost all fatalities in this digital and industrialized generation. The reason behind this statement came from the statistics estimated by the International Labor Organization (ILO) according to which, from over the 2.3 million fatalities that take place annually, over 2 million fatalities are caused by work related diseases.  Safe work is one of the principal privileges of the laborers. It is evaluated that all around 160 million individuals are influenced by avoidable word related sicknesses a

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RIDDHI, NAGPURE, and ATKARE SMRUTI. ""A WORLD OF CARE: COMPARING GLOBAL HEALTH SYSTEMS AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS"." March 19, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15052561.

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“A WORLD OF CARE: COMPARING GLOBAL HEALTH SYSTEMS AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS”   An article by RIDDHI NAGPURE, SMRUTI ATKARE with detailed overview under the guidance of MOLDOEV M.I sir   ABSTRACT: This article explores and compares healthcare systems worldwide, emphasizing the effectiveness of various models in delivering quality care. It highlights the significant maternal health crisis in the United States, where maternal mortality rates are alarmingly high compared to other developed nations. The article delves into four primary healthcare delivery models: the Beveridge M

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Lambert, Anthony. "Rainbow Blindness: Same-Sex Partnerships in Post-Coalitional Australia." M/C Journal 13, no. 6 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.318.

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In Australia the “intimacy” of citizenship (Berlant 2), is often used to reinforce subscription to heteronormative romantic and familial structures. Because this framing promotes discourses of moral failure, recent political attention to sexuality and same-sex couples can be filtered through insights into coalitional affiliations. This paper uses contemporary shifts in Australian politics and culture to think through the concept of coalition, and in particular to analyse connections between sexuality and governmentality (or more specifically normative bias and same-sex relationships) in what I

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