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1
Kramářová, Iva. "Zpracování metodiky pro dělení stavby na bytové a nebytové jednotky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232521.
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The main target was processing of methodology for dividing of building, into residential and non-residential units, and acquaint with jural operations which preceded this fact. There were also dealt with forms of property, problems and possibilities of dividing the apartment building on separate residential and non-residential units including examples of the declaration of building-owner, resolution of agreements and other necessary documents. Diploma thesis provides a comprehensive overview about problems with flat´s property which is arising from apartment-building dividing at residential units, so they can be self-contained property.
2
Kendall, Stephen Holmes. "Control of parts : parts making in the building industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67392.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-236) and index.
The thesis advances a diagramming tool called PAct. Each diagram is a model of a "value adding" enterprise, representing materials processing, parts manipulation and assembly, and the agents involved. Its purpose is to support analysis of the interactions of agents and parts in production flows which are too complex to be held intuitively in mind. In exercising the tool in simple demonstrations of both conventional and "innovative" instances of parts production, two basic diagram patterns appear: "dispersed" patterns in which agents control (make) parts independently, and "nested" or "overlapping" patterns where some agents control and others indirectly control (design). Descriptive power of complex making processes is increased by putting both "processes" (changes made by agents) and "products" (parts) together in the same diagrams. Designing is found to be vital but not the only or even the dominant relation between agents in value added flows. PAct grew out of questions regarding difficulties the design professions often have, when trying to improve conventional house building practices. However, the tool is more generally useful to product manufacturers, building industry researchers, historians of technology, and designers who need accurate descriptions of value added flows of any parts making enterprise, to supplement present analysis tools.
by Stephen Holmes Kendall.
Ph.D.
3
De, Antonio Crespo Andrés. "Conceptual design of a building with movable parts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38883.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 55).
Although we live in a Dynamic Universe filled with movement, the design methodology that has been given to Architecture is clearly static: buildings look the same all the time. As an approach to "Dynamic Architecture", the design of a building with a changing geometry is examined in an attempt to explore factors that affect the design of this type of building. The proposed building is 200 m in height and follows the shape of a "T", it has a movable structure on its top that can rotate 360 degrees. Because of the changing geometry of the building due to the rotation of the upper part, two assumptions can be made in the structural analysis: a. that the changing geometry drastically changes the dynamic behavior of the building, or b. that this changing geometry doesn't affect at all the dynamic behavior. Since the movement will be slow, the structural analysis can be quasi-static. The cantilevered structure acts as a concentrated mass on the top of the building which is an important factor to consider against seismic loads. The design of the connection of the movable structure to the building is a critical aspect so it can move but at the same time be fixed to the building. A correct assumption of the modeling of this connection is critical in the structural analysis. Due to the rotation of the upper part, special emphasis has to be made in the torsional effects of the whole structure.
by Andrés de Antonio Crespo.
M.Eng.
4
Hamanaka, Leslie K. (Leslie Kinu). "Daily life support : building a collective neighborhood." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66723.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (p. 69).
Do the house forms and residential neighborhoods commonly found in the U.S. accommodate the present needs and lifestyles of the people who live in them? The single-family detached house and multi-family units like the triple-decker originated in an era quite unlike the one in which we now find ourselves. I intend to explore the possibility that we may not have to adapt to a dwelling sensibility that is restrictive and inappropriate for the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Perhaps the result will not look radically different than the models we already know but will only function in a subtly different manner, for very specific reasons of use and daily life. I will design a piece of a residential neighborhood in Newton Upper Falls, Massachusetts based on the premise that the physical, organizational, and functional aspects of housing design do affect and can contribute to the quality of people's lives. Some questions that I find valid for exploration in the context of housing are: 1) can a mix of uses animate a neighborhood by providing commonly needed services and by reducing the isolation of the home from everything else in life: work, shopping, child care, entertainment?; 2) have we been perpetuating outdated Victorian ideals about the separation of work and home based on roles related to gender? If so, couldn't housing design be more progressive in supporting the way women and men actually live today rather than the way one's great-grandparents lived?;
(cont.) 3) if women still perform most of the household chores and child-rearing in the U.S. (whether married, single, or divorced), with the majority of American women also working full-time and getting paid two-thirds the salary of men, couldn't there exist a type of housing that considers the enormous demands on a person's time, energy, and resources necessary to accomplish all of this? I intend to research selected examples of feminist and experimental housing designs prior to starting my own. The Danish precedent of cohousing and Dolores Hayden's historical research and interpretive stance will establish my basic approach to the design project and its program. The design will be further informed by my own rethinking of domestic life and the architectural implications of it, recorded in "patterns" similar in intention to those of Alexander, et al.
by Leslie K. Hamanaka.
M.Arch.
5
Fu, Carolyn J. "Collective causality : building solution architectures with a crowd." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112063.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 54-55).
Traditional open innovation has operated on the assumption that by casting a wide net into the crowd, the likelihood of obtaining a desirable solution to a problem increases, due to the greater range of potential solutions that is obtained. This is typically implemented using a competitive format, where the best ideas are selected from a crowd, and the rest are discarded. Unfortunately, the drawback of such a format is that it fails to make use of the efforts behind discarded ideas. Each of these ideas represents a great deal of cognitive effort that has gone towards understanding and solving a problem, and discarding them sacrifices potentially useful insights that might be derived from ultimately unworkable solutions. This thesis explores how a more effective form of collective intelligence might be obtained - one where the half-baked solutions of many participants might be combined to produce something more effective than one participant's fully baked solution that is selected through competition. The specific format of a collaborative causal map is explored, where individuals can each contribute causes and causal links to an overall causal web, building an ever richer architecture of potential solutions (and their sub-solutions) to an overall problem. The goal is to integrate individuals' contributions such that they accumulate to an overall cohesive solution that is better than what any individual could have developed. A series of pilots are conducted to understand the group dynamics in both offline and online collaboration, and determine those factors that are material to the success of an online collaborative causal map. Such factors include how the question is framed, how users attend to others' contributions, or how users' contributions can be curated. These factors are ultimately incorporated into a prototype collaborative causal mapping website, which is developed for public use.
by Carolyn J. Fu.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Ysselstein, Geraldine Marion. "East German material culture : building a collective memory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31499.
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One way of remembering life as it was lived in the German Democratic Republic
(GDR) is through everyday objects. This thesis looks at the Alltagsgeschichte (history of
everyday life) to understand the interaction between the East German state and society
through material culture. Museums have collected East German material objects and
popular culture with the help of the internet and television has assisted to both preserve
and re-imagine the memories of the past.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the cultural and economic significance of
material culture of the German Democratic Republic both before and after 1989. It seeks
to understand, how and why ex-GDR consumer objects have emerged as new historical
markers of the socialist experience and collective memory. Additionally, the thesis
explores whether East Germany, a socialist country that was despised for its poor quality
and quantity of consumer goods can be remembered after the fall of the Berlin Wall as a
genuine consumer society.
While the GDR no longer exists, its legacy is still very much alive in the renewal
and revival of a number of significant material objects. It has even manifested itself into
what is called Ostalgie, nostalgia for all things from the former GDR, including such
items as the Trabant (an East German car), the Ampelmannchen (traffic light figure) and
Florena body lotion.Arts, Faculty of
Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of
Graduate
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Heleta, Savo. "Post-war reconstruction and development: a collective case study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008049.
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Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a surge in post-war stabilisation, reconstruction and development operations around the world. Externally driven efforts have been shaped by the liberal peace framework, which assumes that a rapid transmission or imposition of neo-liberal norms and values, combined with Western-style governance institutions, would create conditions for lasting peace and prosperity. Only in a few instances countries have attempted internally driven post-war reconstruction and development; in most cases, these efforts were either ignored or suppressed by international analysts, experts, academics and organisations. Despite all the expertise and funding spent since the early 1990s, externally driven operations have not led to lasting peace and stability, establishment of functioning institutions, eradication of poverty, livelihood improvements and economic reconstruction and development in war-torn countries. All too often, programmes, policies and „solutions‟ were designed and imposed by external actors either because they worked elsewhere or because they were influenced by geopolitical, economic and/or security interests of powerful countries. Furthermore, external actors have tended to assume that generic approaches based on the liberal peace framework can work in all places, while ignoring local actors, contexts and knowledge. Focusing on Bosnia and Herzegovina, South Sudan and Somaliland, this exploratory qualitative study critically explores and assesses both externally and internally driven post-war reconstruction and development practices and operations in order to understand the strengths and shortcomings of both approaches and offer recommendations for future improvements. This is important since socio-economic recovery and economic development are crucial for lasting stability and peace in post-war countries.
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Schartman, Mary. "Building Our Collective Future: Architecture of a Green new Deal." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583999697008043.
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Ngalo, Osmond Tolo. "Trust building strategies to enhance collective bargaining processes in organisations." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1312.
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The main research problem in this study was to identify what trust-building strategies can be utilised by organisations to enhance collective bargaining processes. To achieve this objective a theoretical Institutional Arrangements-Based Model of trust-building was conceptualised, developed and presented in Chapter 5. The presentation of this model was the culmination of the research design phases outlined below: -The first phase consisted of a literature survey undertaken to discover the nature and dynamics of the concept "trust". -The second phase consisted of surveying the literature attempting to understand the nature of the collective bargaining process, its elements and types and the environmental factors that tend to impinge on it. -The final phase of the literature survey focused on various trust-building strategies, theories and models that can be utilised by organisations to ii enhance collective bargaining processes. Trust is generally acknowledged as a necessary requirement for effective and successful workplace relationships. Because of this factor it is crucial that South African employer-employee relationships are improved in a conscious and sustainable way in order for our businesses to remain competitive in the face of global competition. With this reality in mind there is still much in the South African labour relations environment that fosters conflict. One of the primary factors that impinge on trust in employer-employee relations in South Africa is the previous government‘s divisive and racist apartheid policies. These policies have resulted in serious structural imbalances in the economy, the skewed distribution of wealth and the general scarcity of resources to address these attendant challenges. Finnemore and van Rensburg (2002, p. 36) surveys the current labour relations scenario and comments about the extent to which it has been severely affected by apartheid. Some of its appalling outcomes are: racial divisions between skilled and unskilled workers, apartheid wage gaps, poorly educated workers, dictatorial management styles and a lack of protection for the most vulnerable workers. As revealed in this research study there are still widely divergent views at the workplace regarding the nature and levels of trust that are prevalent. The overwhelming view, however, is that there is, generally, a lack of trust between managerial and employee collective bargaining teams. This lack of trust which is evident between employer and employee parties will tend to result in collective bargaining processes being embarked upon in a climate imbued with the negative spirit of distrust. The recommended Institutional Arrangements-Based Model of trust-building advocates for a process of trust-building prior to any collective bargaining initiatives. This process, as depicted in the elements of the recommended model, needs to begin with phases which will focus on frame-alignment and the identification of all sources of distrust between the parties. These prescribed sessions seek to culminate in a common understanding, between the contesting parties, of their real divergent issues and concerns as well as their existing commonalities. The next phases of the recommended model entail the parties, jointly, developing proposals and policies that in the short and long term will aim at the resolution of the identified sources of distrust and thereby reduce the psychological distance between them. The final phase of the model entails the implementation of joint problem–solving resolutions and the development of appropriate policies i.e. institutional arrangements, to deal with all conflict-prone areas of the business operations. Simultaneously, there needs to be continuous evaluation and monitoring of organisational trust and the "agreed to" trust-building strategies to ensure that distrust is reduced or eliminated in the long term, allowing the organisation and the individual employees to perform at their optimum in order to achieve their common goals.
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Ruiz, Garcia Claudia. "Internal and external sources of capacity building in the Mexican auto-parts industry." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/53947/.
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This thesis is concerned with the study of technology upgrading in late industrialising countries. This research aims to understand the process of technology upgrading of SMEs in the automotive industry by looking at the internal and external sources of technology for these firms. To do so, the main bodies of literature of this research are i) technological capabilities and absorptive capacity, ii) global value chains, and iii) NLSs. Technology upgrading has not been a well-developed notion in the literature. The literature has focused on technical change in industrialised economies and it has omitted the process of incremental changes and the shortcomings existing in the system of innovation for late industrialising countries. To observe technology upgrading in developing countries, I look at the transfer of technology from up-to-date firms (assemblers) to the less knowledgeable firms (SMEs) and the assimilation of this technology by the latter. To look at other sources of technology, I observed the country' context and the role of other actors in the industry. In this regard, National Learning Systems (NLSs) permit to understand and explain the differences of the process of technical change in late industrialising countries where they learnt through the diffusion of technology created somewhere else rather than the creation of it within the system. In this research, I offer new findings for the literature which has paid little attention to the process of technology upgrading and SMEs. I also confirm that the use of NLSs instead of NIS is more accurate for late industrialising countries and I offer new paths for future research in these issues.
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Jordan, Jennifer Annabelle. "Building culture : urban change and collective memory in the new Berlin /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9979964.
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Bryant, Frances Denise. "Modeling, analysis and experimentation for building ice parts with supports using rapid freeze prototyping." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Bryant_PhD_09007dcc8066e71c.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed May 28, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93).
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Myers, Kevin Michael. "Building flexibility in the volatile aftermarket parts : supply chains of the defense aerospace industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39695.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-90).
Within the Integrated Defense Systems of The Boeing Company, aftermarket support of military aircraft serves as an increasingly large source of revenue. One of the newest contracts between Boeing and the U.S. Government created such a supply partnership at the Army Rotorcraft Repair Depot in Corpus Christi, Texas. At this depot, all Army helicopters, including Boeing's AH-64 Apache Attack helicopter and CH-47 Chinook Cargo helicopter undergo major repair and overhaul. In 2004, Boeing entered an agreement with the U.S. Government to assume responsibility of the repair depot's supply chain for aftermarket parts for Boeing rotorcraft. Over the last two years, Boeing has been creating and refining Corpus Christi's support structure to ensure that the required repair parts arrive when demanded. In establishing this new supply chain, Boeing has identified numerous inefficiencies as a result of inaccurate and highly volatile forecasts. This thesis examines the impact of volatility within the new support structure and creates flexible solutions to mitigate its negative effects on lead times, multiple sources of supply and inventory management.
(cont.) Efforts to increase communication flow across the supply chain are used to capitalize on economies of scale for cost reduction while safety stock recommendations are made for critical end-items. Monte Carlo simulations are employed to justify and validate the solutions. The results of the thesis reveal that a strategic selection of raw material safety stock can reduce procurement lead times by an average 61% for a subset of parts while maintaining financial responsibility. Additionally, by leveraging cost reduction techniques, an average increase of 11% in Boeing's income from sales can be achieved while eliminating inefficient administrative delays and increasing customer fulfillment rates. These two recommendations demonstrate specific solutions for mitigating the effects of demand volatility and inaccurate forecasting.
by Kevin Michael Myers.
S.M.
M.B.A.
14
Gao, Wei, and 高伟. "An empirical study of co-ownership building management : a collective action perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193502.
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Residential buildings under co-ownership are properties governed by mixed systems of communal and individual property rights. Their management demands a high level of organized cooperation and coordination among them. However, owners’ collective actions are never straightforward owing to their temptation to free ride. Without owners’ collective actions, management works can be delayed or even cancelled, which results in deteriorating building conditions. With the increasing number of people living in co-owned residential buildings, whether they can overcome collective action problems and effectively manage their properties becomes important to long-term management of building stocks. Therefore, this study aims to assess management performance of co-owned residential buildings and to explore the variations of the management performance from a collective action perspective.
A rigorous tool for assessing management performance of co-owned residential buildings was developed in this study. The tool consisted of a hierarchy of key performance indicators which evaluate the capability of an owners’ group to make collective decisions, enforce management rules, and monitor its buildings’ condition. The application of the tool on a co-owned residential building generates a performance profile representing its management performance. The proposed tool was used to assess the management performance of 74 sampled buildings in Hong Kong. The survey data was collected from the sampled buildings through desk studies, face-to-face interviews, questionnaires by post, and on- site inspections.
Multiple regression analyses were applied to investigate the effects of the exogenous factors on building management performance. The empirical results showed that large-size owners groups were more likely to perform well in managing their properties. Homogeneous owners groups were associated with a greater likelihood to achieve high management performance. More importantly, the empirical results revealed that the owners group of a co-owned residential building were more likely obtain high performance in managing the communal properties under the following circumstances: 1) well-defined boundaries of the communal properties; 2) a fair distribution of their rights and responsibilities to management; 3) a presence of effective mechanism to regulate their use of the communal properties; and 4) a way to rapidly resolve their disputes over management.
The major contribution of this study is to the field of building management. The proposed tool in this study can used by owners, property managers, investors, and policy-makers to access to management information on co-owned residential buildings, which helps them make better decisions on buildings. In addition, findings of this study provided an explanation of the variations in building management performance, which has great implications for government policies that aim to encourage owners to cooperate in management of their properties.published_or_final_version
Real Estate and Construction
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
15
Mehrin, Nazanin. "The Collective : A Study for Alternative Ways of Living." Thesis, KTH, Stadsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124397.
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This thesis project investigates different ways of collective living. It offers a different perspective towards the human-environment relationship and the ways in which we inhabit urban environments. The goal is to establish a better understanding about the concept of collectivity and community in urban life by looking at carefully selected examples.
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Liu, Yiwei. ""Atrium type" collective housing in Suzhou: : applying bioclimatic principles in open building design." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191712.
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iDuring the past twenty years, China has been making dramatic progress in both the quality and the quantity of collective housing construction. However, many old problems still exist, and many more new problems have emerged, especially in some historical and compact but now fastgrowing cities, such as Suzhou, a 2500-year historic city with more than one million people.The objective of this study is to explore a design strategy to improve the collective dwelling environment --- the most popular dwelling type in China today --- in such a fast growing context. In order to provide an improvement in urban dwelling environments for residents, it is necessary to rethink the interaction between the individual resident and his or her dwelling. "Because building a house is a cultural phenomenon, its form and organization are greatly influenced by the cultural milieu to which it belongs."' In concurrence with this statement, this study examines not only the contemporary urban situation and typical residential environment but also the traditional urban fabric and housing settlement.Based on the principle that a harmonious environment results from "a whole range of sociocultural factors"Z, this study seeks several equilibriums: between the urban tissue and the building, between the building and the dwelling, between nature and the human being. The author's longterm goal is to apply the knowledge gained in this study in future practice.In the first part of this report, theoretical research is presented concerning the evolution of Chinese housing. Narrowing its geographical focus, this study selects Suzhou, a medium-size city at Yangtze Delta --- one of the most rapidly growing and developing plains in China --- as the site for the study. The historical dwelling pattern and current public housing style have been studied. Drawing on extensive research and field observation, the scope of the study is confined to rebuilding the harmony between human beings in all their diversity and common needs, and the morphological, functional and environmental aspects of residential environments.In the second part, a design model is proposed. Inspired by traditional interdisciplinary design strategies, as well as by a brief study of contemporary social needs, the author has proposed a new housing type: bio-climatic "atrium type" collective housing. This type links bioclimatic design principles to the framework of Open Building. On this basis, an experimental design proposal is next presented. In a specific site, it examines a way to help people exercise control of their immediate living environment, with both individual and social sustainable perspectives in mind.Department of Architecture
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Andén, Julia. "#vistårinteut initiative and solutions to the collective action problem." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22579.
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The aim of the study is to investigate how Facebook is used to facilitate and inspire collective action. This will be done through a case study of the Swedish network of volunteers and professionals #vistårinteut [We Will Not Stand It] (VSIU). Further the aim is to examine what it is that makes people convert their concerns on social change into collective action by mobilisation in the network. Because they are part of the same network, the participants are assumed to have aspects as identity, motive, and purpose in common and the perception of collective identity and interest will be part of the study. The method for data collection is internet-based using two steps; 1) web-based survey and; 2) focus groups investigated through Facebook. Furthermore a Coding Scheme will be used to analyse the results through the theoretic framework of Collective Action theory, and the four solution categories to the Collective Action problem; market category, community category, hierarchy category and contract category. Eleven solution groups are selected due to the potential of social media to influence the capacity of each solution.The most noticeable solution category in the results from VSIU is Community with strong indications of both common knowledge and common values, contributing to a steady community building and collective action online and in the streets. Facebook contributes to the common identity and community building by providing availability to information and support within the group. Another significant characteristics of Facebook as platform for collective action is the breakdown of geographical, political and social barriers.However Community solely is discovered to be insufficient to solve the collective action problem and demands for solutions from at least one other category.
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Fischetti, Diana Michelle. "Building resistance from home : EcoVillage at Ithaca as a model of sustainable living /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8014.
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Brennan, Karen. "Building a community of (new media) practice : sharing learning stories from a videoblogging collective." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32453.
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We live in a participatory culture, an environment characterized by the
proliferation of production and sharing via computer-mediated communication. However,
in my department, situated in a faculty of education at a Western Canadian university,
there was a documented disconnect between consuming new media and participating in
new media. To address this disconnect, following the participatory action research
tradition, I initiated a videoblogging collective, which was modeled after NodelOl, a
grass-roots endeavor dedicated to community-based new media capacity building. This
study examined how individuals experienced participation in this new media collective.
Sessions were conducted twice-weekly for a period of six weeks, and I
documented my observations and interpretations by journaling. Through interviews, eight
group members shared their stories of new media and technology support, experienced
both prior to and as a consequence of their participation in the collective. Predominant
themes were developed through data condensation and categorization, and formed the
basis of a chronological narrative that expressed the findings as a collection of ten stories
interleaved with related stories from group members.
I used a situated learning perspective to interpret experiences of videoblogging
and technology support within our community of practice through the dimensions of
mutual engagement, joint enterprise, and shared repertoire. With respect to mutual
engagement, participants experienced tensions in belonging. Full participants appreciated
a closeness among members, but questioned their own roles within the group. Peripheral
members experienced a benefit to witnessing the potentials represented in the group's
work, but were disappointed by the inaccessibility of group relationships or capacities.
With respect to joint enterprise, participants explored their understandings of
videoblogging. Video production was experienced as a process critical to understanding
video as a form of multiliteracy. Despite promising technological capacities, blogs were
experienced as problematic spaces lacking privacy and prone to superficiality. With
respect to shared repertoire, participants described how relationships and domain
cultivated resources and routines. Participants had experienced group learning of
technology skills as challenging, and our repertoire consequently evolved toward formats
such as individual help or email. Our group sessions provided needed space for
discussion and inspiration, space in which members could listen and share.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Allmand, John Anderson. "Kit-of-parts architecture : an exploration into the standardization and simplification of an urban residential building unit." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1070.
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This thesis focuses on the design of a construction method that utilizes a single adaptable kit-of-parts system. The new system is designed to be flexible while also enhancing construction speeds without severely limiting the building's ability to merge into an urban fabric. This thesis proposes a residential structure to be built from a handful of simple structural units.
This is accomplished through the design of a residential building situated in an area of Miami currently under reconstruction.
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Mc, Mullen Vickie. "Community engagement through Collective Efficacy: Building partnerships in an urban community to encourage collective action to increase student achievement in a neighborhood school." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337718709.
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Çiçek, Cuma. "Interaction of nation, religion and class : building Kurdish consensus in Turkey." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0010.
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Dans cette recherche, on analyse la question à savoir « comment les trois principaux types de groupes kurdes -nationale, religieuse et économique- coopèrent pour établir un consensus sur un objectif commun : une région politique kurde en Turquie ». En suivant la théorie du constructivisme, le modèle des Trois I, la sociologie de l'organisation et de la sociologie de l'action collective sont articulé pour examiner l'action collective kurde, qui est constamment reconstruite dans un contexte historiquement construit, qui est aussi constamment reconstruit par les dynamiques aux niveaux nationaux, transnationaux (géopolitiques), européens et mondiaux. Quant à la tâche empirique, on examine les conflits, les négociations, la coopération et le consensus de ces trois groupes kurdes sur la question kurde et l'influence des cinq dynamiques structurants mentionnés ci-dessus. La principale méthode utilisée dans ma recherche est l'analyse qualitative des entretiens en profondeur. Au niveau conclusion théorique, la recherche fait remarquable contribution aux théories et approches concernant les identités collectives et les groupes (étant groupe) collectives, l'État, le modèle des « Trois I », la dépendance au sentier, la géopolitique de la question kurde et l'européanisation. Au niveau empirique, la principale conclusion de l'étude est le fait que les groupes kurdes n’ont pas atteint de construire une organisation commune et des règles collectivement acceptées jusqu'ici. Les idées, les intérêts et les institutions des groupes ne sont pas équivalents ; et les intérêts particuliers des groupes ont pesé sur l'action collective dans la région kurdeIn this research, I analyzed the question of “the three main types of Kurdish groups -national, religious and economic- cooperate to establish a consensus on a common purpose: a Kurdish political region in Turkey.” Following the theory of constructivism, the Three I model, the sociology of organization and the sociology of collective action are articulated to examine the Kurdish collective action, which the is constantly re-constructed in historically constructed context, which is also constantly re-constructed by dynamics at national, trans-national (geopolitical), European and global levels. As to the empirical task, I examined the conflicts, negotiations, cooperation and consensus of these three Kurdish groups regarding the Kurdish issue(s) and the influence of the above-mentioned five structuring dynamics. The principal method used in my research is the qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews. At the level of theoretical conclusion, the research makes remarkable contribution to the theories and approaches concerning the collective identities and groups(ness), the state, the “Three I” model, path dependency, the geopolitics of the Kurdish issue, and Europeanization. At the empirical level, the main conclusion of the research is the fact that the Kurdish groups have not achieved to build a common organization and accepted rules so far. The groups’ ideas, interests and institutions are not equivalent and the groups’ distinctive interests have weighed on the collective action in the Kurdish region
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Cedeno, Vanessa Ines. "Pipelines for Computational Social Science Experiments and Model Building." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91445.
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There has been significant growth in online social science experiments in order to understand behavior at-scale, with finer-grained data collection. Considerable work is required to perform data analytics for custom experiments.
In this dissertation, we design and build composable and extensible automated software pipelines for evaluating social phenomena through iterative experiments and modeling. To reason about experiments and models, we design a formal data model. This combined approach of experiments and models has been done in some studies without automation, or purely conceptually.
We are motivated by a particular social behavior, namely collective identity (CI).
Group or CI is an individual's cognitive, moral, and emotional connection with a broader community, category, practice, or institution. Extensive experimental research shows that CI influences human decision-making. Because of this, there is interest in modeling situations that promote the creation of CI in order to learn more from the process and to predict human behavior in real life situations.
One of our goals in this dissertation is to understand whether a cooperative anagram
game can produce CI within a group. With all of the experimental work on anagram games, it is surprising that very little work has been done in modeling these games.
Also, abduction is an inference approach that uses data and observations to identify plausibly (and preferably, best) explanations for phenomena. Abduction has broad application in robotics, genetics, automated systems, and image understanding, but have largely been devoid of human behavior.
We use these pipelines to understand intra-group cooperation and its effect on fostering CI. We devise and execute an iterative abductive analysis process that is driven by the social sciences.
In a group anagrams web-based networked game setting, we formalize an abductive loop, implement it computationally, and exercise it; we build and evaluate three agent-based models (ABMs) through a set of composable and extensible pipelines; we also analyze experimental data and develop mechanistic and data-driven models of human reasoning to predict detailed game player action. The agreement between model predictions and experimental data indicate that our models can explain behavior and provide novel experimental insights into CI.Doctor of Philosophy
To understand individual and collective behavior, there has been significant interest in using online systems to carry out social science experiments. Considerable work is required for analyzing the data and to uncover interesting insights. In this dissertation, we design and build automated software pipelines for evaluating social phenomena through iterative experiments and modeling. To reason about experiments and models, we design a formal data model. This combined approach of experiments and models has been done in some studies without automation, or purely conceptually. We are motivated by a particular social behavior, namely collective identity (CI). Group or CI is an individual’s cognitive, moral, and emotional connection with a broader community, category, practice, or institution. Extensive experimental research shows that CI influences human decision-making, so there is interest in modeling situations that promote the creation of CI to learn more from the process and to predict human behavior in real life situations. One of our goals in this dissertation is to understand whether a cooperative anagram game can produce CI within a group. With all of the experimental work on anagrams games, it is surprising that very little work has been done in modeling these games. In addition, to identify best explanations for phenomena we use abduction. Abduction is an inference approach that uses data and observations. Abduction has broad application in robotics, genetics, automated systems, and image understanding, but have largely been devoid of human behavior. In a group anagrams web-based networked game setting we do the following. We use these pipelines to understand intra-group cooperation and its effect on fostering CI. We devise and execute an iterative abductive analysis process that is driven by the social sciences. We build and evaluate three agent-based models (ABMs). We analyze experimental data and develop models of human reasoning to predict detailed game player action. We claim our models can explain behavior and provide novel experimental insights into CI, because there is agreement between the model predictions and the experimental data.
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Locay, Alex. "AN EXAMINATION OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR, OPTIMISM, UNCERTAINTY AND THEIR EFFECTS ON CORPORATE STRATEGIES IN THE HOME BUILDING INDUSTRY." NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/66.
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Research was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between the theory of collective behavior and the selection of a corporate strategy. To conduct the first portion of the study, existing survey information was obtained from the National Association of Home Builders to investigate the existence of a heightened shared feeling of optimism within the home building industry. A test of the variance (ANOVA) suggests that during the housing boom the industry experienced peak levels of optimism consistent with the theory of collective behavior.
Using secondary financial data, the research then investigated the possibility that builders moved to a growth strategy as a response to that heightened sense of optimism. A test of the variance (ANOVA) suggests that builders moved to a growth strategy as a response to the heightened optimism by substantially increasing their assets, debt and shares outstanding, as compared to previous years.
Using the results of 150 surveys, the study investigated the theory that optimism lowers the effects of uncertainty. Hence, the research hypothesized that as optimism increases, uncertainty decreases, and as a result, strategic growth decisions become more likely. The research found strong correlations between respondents who were optimistic and those willing to make decisions that are consistent with growth strategies. The analysis found negative correlations with optimism and uncertainty. More specifically, the research concluded that as optimism increases, uncertainty decreases, and thus, home building managers are more likely to move to a growth strategy.
In general, the research supports the hypothesis that collective behavior can have a significant impact on strategic decisions among managers. While previous research suggests that information is the variable that lowers levels of uncertainty, this research supports the possibility of an additional variable: optimism.
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Howard, Julia. "Kitchen Justice: Gender Difference in Building Common Ground." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/381.
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In my thesis I interviewed female chefs and asked them to share their pathway to becoming a professional chef and/or restaurateur. I found in my research that women's experiences within the domestic kitchen have been documented and recorded, as they are seen as the gatekeepers of that space within the home. However, though women have moved into working in commercial kitchens the stories that the media highlights and records are of women and cooking within the domestic kitchen. I want to begin to build a second volume of stories, of women’s lives, work and experience around cooking within the professional sphere. In my project I explored and investigated why female chefs believed commercial kitchens are still dominated by men, and how these women who I interviewed believe their gender has hindered or helped them achieving their executive position in their restaurant. I argue that the lack of personal accounts and publications highlighting women’s accomplishments within the professional sphere are causing commercial kitchens to remain to be structured within a patriarchal framework. By collecting these stories, and documenting the unique pathways these women took to holding executive jobs in the restaurant industry I hope that the stories will begin to dismantle the patriarchal framework that dominates the commercial kitchen by adding a feminine narrative to the discourse.
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Underwood, Julian E. "Pennsylvania Educator Effectiveness: Building-Level Pennsylvania Value-Added Assessment System (PVAAS) Scores Influence on Collective Teacher Efficacy." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1526918160133655.
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Szijarto, Barbara. "Mediating Social Change: Building Adaptive Learning Systems through Developmental Evaluation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39159.
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Complex social problems are at the forefront of our awareness. We are witnessing intensifying political, social and environmental challenges and waning confidence in our ability to engineer solutions. We are also seeing a proliferation of large scale, multi-agency interventions that seek change at the level of systems, and through which actors pursue adaptive learning as a means to develop effective solutions. Proponents assert that the prediction and control on which conventional program design and evaluation are based are not available under complex conditions. They propose instead that learning through experience in a program’s own context can create more responsive, impactful and sustainable interventions. These ideas offer a potentially transformative opportunity. However, they need to be complemented with a better understanding of implementation - the ‘ways of doing things’ that bring them to life.
This study focused on developmental evaluation as an example of an adaptive learning (AL) approach for the development of innovative social interventions. The study was informed by ‘sensemaking’ theories and research in organizational learning, knowledge mobilization and program evaluation. Through an exploratory lens and a mixed methods design, this study sheds light on the role of specialized intermediaries in an AL process; how the role is performed in practice; and what this implies for adaptive learning in the domain of social interventions. The study documents how an intermediary can help actors navigate recognized challenges of developing interventions under complex and dynamic conditions. The findings have implications for how an AL process is understood and implemented. They provide an empirical contribution to an emerging field of study on the design of AL systems, to support future research and real-world practice as AL approaches become mainstream.
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Roder, Anne. "An Examination of the Effectiveness of Community-Based Organizations in Helping Low-Income Individuals Improve Their Use of Credit and Credit Scores as Part of a Wealth-Building Strategy." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/401970.
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SociologyPh.D.
In the U.S., wealth is unequally distributed across racial and income groups. Scholars have promoted numerous strategies to address inequalities in wealth, but evidence about their effectiveness is limited. This dissertation examines whether community-based organizations can help low-income individuals improve their credit usage and credit scores as part of a strategy to help them build their wealth. Credit histories and scores influence access to affordable loans and other forms of credit as well as employment and housing opportunities, insurance rates, and utility and rental deposits. As a result, credit plays an important role in individuals’ ability to weather financial crises, increase savings, and build wealth. Specifically, I assess the impacts and implementation of a program model that integrates financial education and counseling into employment services for low-income job seekers. The study uses a comparison group design to assess program impacts, comparing the outcomes of program participants to those of a matched group of low-income individuals who were seeking assistance from public employment agencies that did not offer financial or credit counseling. I use multivariate regression analysis to assess differences in the outcomes of program participants and comparison group members and to examine whether some organizations were more effective than others in helping participants achieve the outcomes. I also conduct a qualitative assessment of the organizational, programmatic, and contextual factors that influenced program implementation and outcomes across the five organizations in the study. I found that community-based organizations can help low-income individuals make progress in building positive credit histories. By combining financial education and counseling with employment services, the programs increased job seekers’ receipt of financial counseling relative to the comparison group, and program participants were more likely than comparison group members to have an increase in positive activity on their credit reports two years after entering the program. However, overall the program did not increase the likelihood that participants had a credit score or that they had a prime score after two years. Only program participants who had substantial recent credit activity when they entered the program were more likely than their counterparts in the comparison group to have a prime credit score after two years. Some organizations were more effective than others in helping low-income individuals achieve the targeted credit outcomes. Four of the five had impacts on whether participants had positive activity on their credit reports. One organization also had positive impacts on the likelihood of having a credit score and of having a prime score among all individuals who received financial counseling while two others had positive impacts on scores for subgroups of participants. One organization had no positive effects. The implementation analysis revealed that environmental, organizational, and programmatic factors interacted to produce differences in outcomes across organizations. Organizational and managerial experience with and commitment to the model and goals and integration of the model into the organizations’ core services were critical to effective implementation. The three organizations whose financial coaches embraced the model’s credit-building approach, which counsels individuals to use credit responsibly, had more positive impacts on credit outcomes than those that did not. The results also provide evidence that the characteristics of the communities the organizations served influenced outcomes. Communities’ racial composition was correlated with indicators of economic health, the presence of financial institutions, and credit availability, and the findings indicate that individuals in mixed race and majority-Hispanic communities were better able to access credit than those in majority-Black communities. This dissertation contributes to the policy and research literature in a number of ways. It uses a rigorous methodology to assess program effects, examines change in credit behavior and outcomes, assesses how implementation processes influence outcomes, and includes a broader segment of the low-income population than past studies, including those who lack credit histories. The findings provide evidence that low-income people of color face significant barriers to accessing mainstream forms of credit and suggest that policies are needed to increase consumers’ understanding of credit and access to credit at affordable rates and terms. The findings contribute to research and theory on the wealth accumulation process and can inform the work of policymakers and practitioners seeking to increase the financial well-being of low-income people of color.
Temple University--Theses
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Cabrera, Arias Nícolas Joel, Garcia Victor Wilfredo Almonacin, and Alvarado Jhon Cristian Aguirre. "Plan de Negocio para la Comercialización de Nueva Línea de Repuestos Alternativos ALOR para equipos de construcción." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/648829.
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El presente trabajo de investigación desenvuelve una propuesta de comercialización de repuestos alternativos para maquinaria de construcción con características diferenciadas en términos de diseño y fabricación del producto dentro del segmento del mercado alternativo; brindando piezas mecánicas de encaje perfecto para maquinaria, esto se traduce sustancialmente en la mejora del rendimiento de la maquinaria.
En el ambiente de las medianas y pequeñas constructoras, los repuestos alternativos son requeridos cuando el equipo mecánico ha llegado a alcanzar las horas de trabajo dentro de la garantía original; y a partir de este punto en el tiempo de vida de la maquinaria se comienzan a analizar “eficiencia en costos”, originándose la posibilidad del uso del alternativo frente al original y para ello cobra importancia, accesibilidad, la inmediatez, la disponibilidad y precio del repuesto.
El segmento de clientes objetivo se caracteriza por dueños de equipo de construcción del líder mundial en maquinaria pesada que operan en proyectos de pequeña o mediana envergadura, quienes hoy se encuentran tomando decisiones a corto plazo sobre la manera de cómo mantener sus equipos, ellos no buscan una reconstrucción completa de sus equipos con partes premium, ellos encuentran mayor valor en la prontitud de arreglar el equipo para volver a trabajar, estas decisiones a menudo están íntimamente relacionadas con presiones internas para atender el flujo de caja y metas mensuales de su negocio. Este segmento de clientes adquiere actualmente repuestos alternativos experimentando insatisfacción por la baja calidad de los productos existentes en el mercado peruano.
Para este segmento, la propuesta ofrece el mayor rendimiento que se puede brindar al “Equipo Clásico” empleando piezas de encaje perfecto de gran fiabilidad y confiabilidad con una disponibilidad garantizada a través de una red de distribuidores que serán ubicados a nivel nacional y todo a un costo razonable por los repuestos alternativos.
El mercado potencial está compuesto por todos los clientes que poseen equipos de la marca líder en maquinaria pesada clásico (antigüedad mayor a 10 años), que para un parque más de 1,500 equipos representan un potencial de mercado estimado mayor a 7 MM USD; de otro lado el mercado meta está compuesto por el 30% de los clientes del mercado potencial que se alcanzará el 3er año con una oportunidad estimada mayor a los 2MM USD.
Los proveedores que operan en el mercado actual de partes y repuestos alternativos se encuentran atomizados y dispersos, en este contexto no existe una marca líder del segmento; esto representa una clara oportunidad para la compañía líder nacional en maquinaria pesada puesto que además del producto ofrecido, puede usar el respaldo que lo caracteriza para conseguir penetrar y posicionarse en el segmento a través del lanzamiento de repuestos ALOR.
La inversión para puesta en marcha del negocio es de 800,000 USD, siendo que el financiamiento en deuda corresponde al 62.5%, el destino de las inversiones será en activo tangible relacionadas principalmente con la locación y preparación de las tiendas en los principales conglomerados de repuestos del país y el nivel de stock inicial. Se ha logrado demostrar que el negocio es rentable analizando sus principales indicadores y ello conlleva a que es perfectamente factible continuar con el proceso de expansión del negocio abriendo nuevos puntos de venta en el país; sin embargo; este análisis no forma parte del alcance del desarrollo del presente trabajo de investigación.
Es así que para un escenario moderado de proyecciones del flujo de caja del negocio que considera una inflación del 2.5% y un crecimiento del 20% anual de las ventas; tenemos un periodo de retorno de la inversión de 5 años. En la evaluación financiera realizada, obtenemos un Valor Actual Neto de $ 576,184.00, además de una Taza Interna de Retorno del 18% que sobrepasa la tasa de descuento utilizad; lo que nos demuestra que el emprendimiento resulta rentable al superar los ingresos a sus egresos durante los siguientes 5 años futuros.This research paper develops a proposal for the commercialization of alternative spare parts for heavy construction machinery with the characteristics of differentiation in terms of product design and manufacturing within the segment of the alternative market; providing perfect fit mechanical parts for machinery, this translates substantially into improving the performance of the machinery. In medium and small construction companies, alternative spare parts are required when machinery has reached the working hours within the original warranty; and from this point in the lifetime of the machinery medium and small construction companies begin to analyze "cost efficiency", leading the possibility of using the alternative spare parts against the genuine and for this it becomes important, accessibility, immediacy, availability and price of spare parts. The target customer segment is characterized by construction machinery owners of the world leader in heavy machinery operating on small or medium-sized projects, who are today making short-term decisions on how to keep their machinery, they don't seek a complete overhaul of their machinery with premium parts, they find greater value in the promptness of fixing the machinery to get back to work, these decisions are often closely related to pressures to meet cash flow and monthly business goals. This segment of customers currently acquires alternative spare parts experiencing dissatisfaction with the low quality of existing products in the Peruvian market. For this segment, the proposal offers the highest performance that can be provided to the "Classic Machinery" using perfect fit spare parts of great reliability with guaranteed availability through a network of distributors that will be located nationwide and all of this at a reasonable cost for alternative spare parts. The potential market is made up of all customers who own machinery from the leading brand in classic heavy machinery (older than 10 years), which for a park of more than1,500 equipment represents an estimated market potential greater than USD 7 MM; on the other hand the target market is made up of 30% of the potential market customers who will reach the 3rd year with an estimated opportunity greater than 2MM USD. The suppliers that operate in the current market of alternative spare parts are atomized and dispersed, in this context there is no leading brand in the segment; this represents a good opportunity for the national leader in heavy machinery company since in addition of the product offered, it can use the support that characterizes it to get penetrated and positions in the segment through the launch of ALOR spare parts. The investment for start-up of the business is 800,000 USD, with debt financing being 62.5%, the destination of the investments will be tangible assets related mainly to the location and preparation of the stores in the main conglomerates of country spare parts and initial stock level. It has been possible to demonstrate that the business is profitable by analyzing its main indicators and this means that it is perfectly feasible to continue the process of expanding the business by opening new points of sale in the country; however; this analysis is not part of the scope of the development of this research paper. Thus, for a moderate scenario of business cash flow projections that considers inflation of 2.5% and 20% annual sales growth; we have a 5-year return on investment period. In the financial evaluation, we obtain a Net Present Value of $576,184.00, which shows us that entrepreneurship is profitable by surpassing the income to its egress for the next 5 years. In addition, an Internal Rate of Return of 18% that exceeds the discount rate used.
Trabajo de investigación
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Miller-Bailey, Carleen S. "Reciprocal accountability and capacity building| The influence of distributed leadership on collective teacher efficacy and professional learning communities." Thesis, Sage Graduate School, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10246360.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this exploratory correlational research study was to examine the degree to which school leaders’ engagement in distributed leadership practices builds the capacity to empower expert teachers so that they can provide their colleagues with instructional and pedagogical support and thus advance teacher practice. More specifically, the aim was to examine relationships between teachers’ perceptions of school leaders’ use of distributed leadership, which may then influence the mediating variable of collective teacher efficacy and, finally, the dependent variable, which is the level of implementation of professional learning communities in New York City public elementary schools. Online surveys were distributed to teachers in districts that serve minority students at schools with high poverty identification.
The responses were exported from the survey to SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) for data analysis. The results showed that scores on distributed leadership practices range from 1.33 to 6.00, with an average score of 4.48 (SD = 1.01) (1=Strongly Disagree and 6= Strongly Agree). Collective teacher efficacy correlated significantly and positively with distributed leadership practices (r = .45, p < .001); the professional learning community correlated significantly and positively with distributed leadership practices (r = .62, p < .001); and collective teacher efficacy correlated significantly and positively with professional learning community (r = .24, p = .001). A mediation analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. The results showed that, although the first two conditions for full mediation were met, the third condition for full mediation was not. Additionally, a partial mediation analysis revealed that no significant partial mediation effect existed. The implication is that collective teacher efficacy did not have a significant mediating effect on the relationship between distributed leadership practices and the professional learning community.
Distributed leadership provides an organizational structure for reciprocal accountability and professional learning communities that affords teachers a forum for collegial discourse and capacity building. The variability within teachers’ perceptions of group members’ ability to provide quality instruction is not a predictor of collective action. Therefore, the relationship between distributed leadership and professional learning communities is not mediated by collective teacher efficacy. The level of implementation of professional learning communities is not contingent on collective teacher efficacy. Distributed leadership practices provide an essential framework for “stretching” leadership across many individuals in order to build capacity.
Keywords: distributed leadership, collective teacher efficacy, professional learning communities, reciprocal accountability, capacity building
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Stojanovic, Bojan. "Life performance assessment methodologies for combined solar energy technologies : a case study on system parts in nordic climates." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Civil and Architectural Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4351.
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The main questions concerning energy technologies today are their economical and environmental impacts. These entities are (at the present) assessed on the basis that operations proceed as newly installed/designed systems, during an assumed working life period. While this is the common way of perceiving energy systems, performance-over-time will change as an effect of (e.g. material) degradation and not solely of different operation scenarios. How and to what extent, is the question that needs assessing in order to evaluate if these changes will jeopardise the intended system performance requirement. In turn, this pro-active assessment and analysis is in line with today’s performance based directives, laws, regulations and concepts; of which the working life is an essential part.
The main context of the thesis, is a contribution to the Research and Development (R&D) topic on life performance of energy technologies, with papers on a literature review and case study on two system parts: solar collector and ground heat exchanger (borehole); within the energy technology area of combined solar energy technologies/systems utilised in buildings. The thesis specifically presents a general description of requirements on constructed works and their material, components and systems. It also gives an insight to the energy technology R&D and engineering sector, regarding durability and service life assessment methodologies; and also to the durability of constructed works sector, regarding the needs for assessing material degradation in relation to system performance. The case studies presented in the thesis, show how durability of energy technologies may be sought-after, as well as specific knowledge and useful tools, methodologies and test setups for assessing long-term performance of combined solar energy technologies (in this case a solar-assisted heat pump system utilising a building integrated Unglazed Solar Collector and energy storage).
The utilisation of solar collectors and heat pumps (primarily for space and domestic tap water heating) has rapidly increased in Sweden during the last decades. Sweden has today the largest heat pump market in Europe. During recent years, there has also been an increased interest in heating systems that combine heat pumps with solar collectors (glazed and unglazed) and energy storages; with the aim of attaining a system that provides higher energy and greater economical performances than individual solar collector or heat pump systems. If these systems are to be successful they must be economically feasible; placing emphasis on the cost, durability and performance of the system.
The main issue on life performance of energy technologies is how and to what extent, performance reduction in individual materials and components influences the overall system performance; as the essence of energy system sustainability is system performance.
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Johnson, Karen Mitterling. "District Leadership Building Principal Capacity in Improving Teacher Quality: Implementing Effective Professional Development." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7512.
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This article focuses on lessons learned from district implementation of Utah Senate Bill 64 passed in 2012, which requires large-scale reform in evaluating teacher quality. This statemandated reformation effort requires all principals to evaluate teacher performance using new state teacher standards adopted in 2011. District implementation efforts used effective professional development that included peer collaboration and practicum experiences as evidenced by successfully certifying all principals in the evaluation of teacher performance. Twenty-seven principals representing nine districts were selected for this qualitative study. Data was collected during a one-on-one interview with each principal to gather insights about district efforts to prepare them individually to effectively evaluate teacher performance. In addition, data were coded and analyzed for evidence of change knowledge principles. The central lesson learned is that sustainable and continuing teacher quality improvements require a continual collective capacity vision and approach at all levels of the educational system. Certifying principals in the use of an improved teacher evaluation tool through effective professional development efforts is one step in achieving improvements in teacher quality. Consideration of the following four components of change knowledge principles foster and strengthen district efforts when implementing strategic targets for the continuation of teacher quality improvements: (a) expand teacher quality improvements to include both individual and collective capacity building opportunities; (b) create a plan of action that builds on efforts to comply with state law and expands implementation efforts to use the evaluation tool for improved student learning through continual teacher quality improvements; (c) provide professional development that includes strategic opportunities for principals to build their capacity in their critical role and responsibilities to continue teacher quality growth; (d) provide supports in the context of a principal's school through practicum experiences that foster the acquisition and sustainability of skills that support teacher quality improvements.
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McFadden, Thomas William. "Building industries: Collective action problems and institutional solutions in the development of the United States aviation industry, 1903-1938." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284725.
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The following research seeks to understand the effects of competition and regulation on the development of new industries. Specifically, the issue of whether or not laissez faire markets best promote industry growth and good economic performance is investigated. This work challenges prevailing neoclassical economic assumptions regarding the efficacy of competition and unfettered markets. Drawing on lines of research in economic sociology, institutional analysis, and organizational theory, I examine how public and private regulatory agencies, including states and associations, are used by firms to facilitate cooperation and organize economic activity. Contrary to prevailing neoclassical economic assumptions, I find that regulatory institutions are not necessarily a means of denying competitors access to markets, inflating prices, and gouging consumers, but rather a means by which economic actors overcome problems of collective action. Unfettered competition, I find, thwarts the growth and development of new industries that rely upon inputs that possess "collective goods properties", specifically, technical knowledge and a legitimate reputation. This research is historical and comparative. I study the development of America's aviation industry over the period 1903--1938. This period marks the birth of the industry through its rise to early maturity. Competitive pressures to control key technologies and develop appropriate standards for the use of aircraft created problems of collective action that undermined the fledgling industry's ability to establish viable markets for its goods and services. Industry members found they were unable to manage their proprietary activities through unfettered markets and private firms and, thus, turned to more cooperative arrangements to govern their economic affairs. Producers formed an association to pool their patented technology, solve free-rider problems, pursue uniform regulatory measures for the operation of aircraft, and conduct a national campaign to make the public "airminded". Not until these institutional arrangements were established did America's aviation industry move beyond its nascent stage of development and begin to experience good economic performance.
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Mina, Maureen T. "A joint collective for community engagement and bridge building focusing on persons with untreated mental illness| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10137430.
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This thesis project explores the chronic issue of untreated mental illness as a social problem within the context of the County of Santa Barbara California’s mental health public policy decision making process. As the county’s Board of Supervisors considers implementation of the California Legislature’s Assembly Bill AB1421, which provides for Assisted Outpatient Treatment, it is essential that the board fully consider the issues, community perspectives and impact. Funding to be requested in the following grant proposal is to be used for interventions providing an educational forum focusing on diverse stakeholder perspectives in order to develop implementation recommendations. Actual submission and/or funding of the grant were not required for the completion of this project. An assessment of current research establishes both that untreated mental illness is a serious social problem with high costs to the individual and communities, as well as the importance of community involvement in the development of public policy.
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Schug, Lisa. ""Not eager to fit in" : The collective work of creating an alternative cosmology of Heavy Metal." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-135057.
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The celebration of a White heteronormative masculinity is still vivid in Heavy Metal. This has embodied and discursive consequences that are visible in the domination of Metal spaces or the marginalisation of female, trans* or non-binary musicians, but also in an aesthetics of (hetero- and cis-) sexism and racism that is often apparent. Nevertheless, Metal is still empowering and joyful for those who experience exclusion and marginalisation. They have found ways to react and organise an alternative participation in Heavy Metal. Using a queered approach to Cultural Studies, this study aims at intervening in the continuous reproduction of a normative White and straight Metal masculinity. Collecting data from five ethnographic interviews with queer Metalheads and additional autoethnographic data, it shows how queer Metalheads organise their participation in Heavy Metal and create an alternative Metal cosmology. This study is not only a theoretical intervention. As a result of the interview project, a new community of queer Metalheads was created.
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Jones, Laura C. "Building the fence around the literacy playground : a collective case study of the experience of teaching literacy in middle school /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7579.
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Burton, Dorian Orlando. "Creating a Campaign for Black Male Achievement: Building a Collective Impact Strategy to Support Black Male Achievement in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16645009.
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This capstone shows how I framed and enacted a collective impact strategy to build a campaign for African-American male achievement in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The project was anchored in TandemED, an initiative developed by me and my fellow Ed.L.D. cohort member, Brian Barnes. A core element of TandemED is creating targeted partnerships that are constructed by establishing integrated missions and collaborations within communities between individuals, families, organizations, and institutions and using these partnerships to implement a collective impact strategy. Therefore, my approach in Pittsburgh drew heavily on the science and art of creating and sustaining positive relational ties or social capital, while also having an appreciation for how these ties and capital are shaped by racial inequalities. As the extant literature suggests, a focus on race and its effects, more so than any other dimension of inequality, is pivotal to efforts designed to positively shape the challenging contours of life Black males in the U.S. almost unilaterally experience regardless of class. This approach makes sense because institutions and organizations that serve Black males (e.g., schools, nonprofits, local, state, and federal programs) often lack the capacity to redirect and innovate and frequently reflect siloed efforts that do not integrate economic, social, and educational programs and policies in ways that can lead to transformative change and the development of Black males. More importantly, the success of African-American males is inextricably linked to the success (e.g., social, economic and cultural) of the nation as a whole (American Psychological Association Task Force on Resilience and Strength in Black Children and Adolescents, 2008). In considering these issues, I developed and implemented a theory of action which involved building relational ties among institutions, organizations, families, and individuals in communities that extended to the creation of a collective impact strategy and actionable recommendations for advancing a new narrative for success for African-American males and the communities they live in.
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Jiang, Zhe. "Collective mobilisations among immigrant workers in low-skilled sectors : a study of community organising of immigrant workers in the UK." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13538.
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Contemporary labour immigration into the UK has been underpinned by two structural positions: the uneven development within the capitalist system and an intensification of competition driving towards flexibility and precarity. Immigrant workers are overwhelmingly concentrated in secondary sectors of the labour market with low pay, long working hours and poor health and safety and closely associated with non-standard work and informal economy where unions are often not available. How these immigrant workers in highly exploitative industries respond to work-related exploitations poses a great challenge to traditional trade unionism. While community unionism has received increasing attention from researchers and practitioners, an institution-centric approach is dominated in the scholarship which tends to overemphasize the role of institutional entity, such as trade unions and NGOs, in shaping collective agency and consider it as the centrality to immigrant workers activism. In contrast to such union-centred research, this study adopts a social movement perspective to explore whether and how community organizing approach can empower immigrant workers and enhance union organizing when globalization compromises its validity. By conducting the multi-method (interviews, surveys, participant observations and videos) ethnographic studies in an immigrant domestic worker self-help group-Justice for Domestic Workers in London over a year and a post EU-enlargement Polish association and local Polish neighbourhood in South Somerset over five months, the research shows that gendered and cultural space rather than traditional industrial entities could offer a political context in which immigrant workers start recognising structural class exploitations and develop an agency and activism for changes. This suggests that the collective mobilizations of immigrant workers in informal and individualised sectors may require creative leaps of sociological imagination in nurturing such communities of coping, wherever they may be occurring - in social clubs, cafés or churches. Community, however, is not a naturally harmonious and unified group setting. The internal divisions and competitions within immigrant communities pose limits to how far ethnic cohesion can serve as a basis for collective mobilization of immigrant workers. The research points to the potential tensions between immigrant community organizations and trade unions to compete for membership and social influence in the coalition building. There is a risk that the institutional goals of immigrant community organizations, in terms of securing funding and expanding its organizational influence, may take precedence over substantive goals of support provision. The research also suggests that academics and practitioners need to rethink the criteria that define the success of worker organising. To win union recognition and achieve collective bargaining agreements in the workplace is a rare case in community organizing of immigrant workers. A distinction should be made between capacity-building from the perspective of workers and organizations involved in community organizing of immigrant workers. There might be a contradiction between organizational developments and grassroots empowerment. Instead of merely focusing on political outcomes as the existing research indicates, more attention should paid to outcomes in social and cultural arenas and how gains in one arena facilitate or hinder gains in another.
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Joel, Sörman, and Jacob Stjerngren. "Collective Housing From a Sustainable Perspective : An Investigative Work Within Architecture." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-295757.
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The purpose of this work has been to investigate how housing can be designed to be more sustainable and to design a sustainable collective housing based on the information obtained through this work. The concept of sustainability in this report has been divided into two main aspects: ecological and social sustainability. Based on literature studies, our own surveys as well as observations of other collective housing projects and sketch work, a housing has been designed that meets some of our predetermined goals. These goals mainly revolve around the design being: sustainable based on certain chosen aspects, practical to live in, and appealing to people by offering some comfort and respecting the residents’ need for privacy. The literature study includes information about collective housing, the history of collective housing in Sweden, existing implementations of collective housing, surveys, and requirements in BBR (Boverkets byggnadsregler). Subsequently, observations of other collective housing projects have been made to serve as a starting point of the design. The method includes the approach used to achieve the results. This includes the survey and the sketch work that led to the final design. The survey was sent out to and answered by one hundred people and the data received from the seventeen questions have served as a basis for the design of this project. The suggestions for functions that were received by the respondents have been of particular importance to inspire the choice of functions in the final design. Among other things, these led to the choice to include an outdoor gym. Two prototypes of collective housing were profiled during the sketch work, which were then abandoned in the process of designing something that better lived up to the goals of the project. The final design resulted in a building divided in three floors that includes six collective apartments with additional common rooms that are shared between the apartments. The site plan shows two of the designed collective housing buildings sharing a courtyard. In addition to the fact that it has been possible to establish that collective housing has certain implicit positive advantages, certain specific attributes which make a collective more sustainable. The basic benefits of collective housing include that it can reduce social isolation and bring benefits for the environment by reducing our collective consumption and use of space. Specific design choices that have proved to be more sustainable and have been included in this design are: Minimized living space per person and a high number of shared spaces, as well as features in the accommodation that encourage sharing. In order for the accommodation to also take into account people's preferences, the bathrooms have for example been made private. Some compromises have been made in the design of the accommodation in order to appeal to more people, who can hopefully become more open to this form of housing.Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka hur boenden kan utformas för att bli mer hållbara, samt baserat därpå gestalta ett hållbart kollektivboende. Begreppet hållbarhet i denna rapport har delats in i två huvudaspekter: ekologisk och social hållbarhet. Utifrån litteraturstudier, egna enkätundersökningar, observationer av andra befintliga kollektiv och skissarbete, har ett boende gestaltats som uppfyller några av våra förutbestämda mål. Dessa mål är att boendet ska utformas för att bli mer hållbart utifrån de valda aspekterna och praktiskt att bo i, samt tilltalande för människor genom att erbjuda viss bekvämlighet och respektera de boendes behov av privatliv. I litteraturstudien omfattar information om kollektivbostäder, kollektivhusens historia i Sverige, existerande implementeringar av kollektiv och enkätundersökningar samt krav i BBR. Därefter har observationer av andra kollektivhus gjorts. Dessa har sedan fungerat som en utgångspunkt för gestaltningen i detta projekt. Vår metod innefattar en egen enkätundersökning samt det skissarbete som ledde till den slutgiltiga gestaltningen. Enkäten har skickats ut till och besvarats av 100 personer. Svaren vi erhöll på de 17 frågorna har fungerat som underlag för resonemang bakom våra beslut i gestaltningsarbetet. De egna förslagen på rum som respondenterna angivit har varit av särskild betydelse som inspiration för valen av rum i bostaden. Bland annat så medförde de valet att inkludera ett utegym. Två prototyper av kollektiv profilerades under skissarbetet vilka senare övergavs för att komma fram till något som bättre levde upp till målen med arbetet. Det slutliga resultatet gav ett kollektivboende i tre våningar som omfattar sex kollektivlägenheter med ytterligare gemensamma rum som delas mellan kollektivlägenheterna i byggnaden. Situationsplanen visar två av det gestaltade kollektivboenden på en delad innergård. Förutom att ha kunnat fastställa att den kollektiva boendeformen har vissa grundläggande positiva fördelar har vi kunnat bestämma vissa specifika attribut som gör ett kollektiv mer hållbart. De grundläggande fördelarna med kollektivt boende innefattar att boendeformen skapar relationer och minskar den sociala isoleringen i samhället och att den ger fördelar för miljön genom att minska människors konsumtion och ytanvändning. Specifika fördelar som har visat sig vara hållbara och som har inkluderats i denna gestaltning innefattar: Minimerad boyta per person och högt antal delade utrymmen samt funktioner i boendet som uppmuntrar till delande. För att boendet även ska ta hänsyn till människors preferenser så har till badrummen exempelvis gjorts privata. Vissa kompromisser har gjorts i boendets gestaltning för att tilltala fler människor, som förhoppningsvis kan bli mer öppna till boendeformen.
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Lail, J. "BUILDING TEACHER EFFICACY: CHALLENGES OF CREATING COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE AMONG NEW TEACHERS AND VETERAN TEACHERS IN A TOXIC WORK ENVIRONMENT." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/edl_etds/23.
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Recently, changes in graduation requirements in some states have made it more important than ever for students to be literate in all content areas. State assessments not only measure student academic ability, but they are a necessary component of graduation from high school. After completing required courses, students are expected to take assessments covering the content of those courses. In order to safely meet the graduation requirement, students must score at least 3 points per assessment on a 5-point scale. This has proven difficult for over 50% of students expecting to graduate.
Students at Midwestern-American High School (MAHS) have been struggling to achieve the required minimum scores on the state achievement assessments, as have many others in the region. A review of the report card data for MAHS reveals the area of greatest need (i.e. category of lowest performance) is in science. Research suggests a leading cause for these struggles is waning teacher efficacy and lack of ability to build capacity in staff members due to high mobility in teacher populations, especially in urban communities serving high-poverty and minority populations. For these reasons, it is necessary for leaders to have the skill to quickly build effective instructional teams.
During the 2017-2018 schools year, I utilized the Community of Practice (CoP) framework to establish entities that align closely with the criteria of CoPs. I used mixed methods research throughout the bounded period (August 2017 – May 2018) to conduct the proposed study. Data sources included: meeting agendas and minutes, participant interviews, survey results and reflections on the action by researcher and participants. I used the information gathered from this study to continue or modify the action and/or propose new strategies for the capacity building of staff.
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Galis, Vasilis. "From Shrieks to Technical Reports : technology, disability and political processes in building Athens metro." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Technology and Social Change, Linköpings universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7851.
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Santos, Phillip. "A political discourse analysis of social memory, collective identity and nation-building in the Sunday Mail and the Standard of Zimbabwe between 1999 and 2013." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/41753.
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Although much effort has been expended on studying many sites of social memory, little attention has been directed at the media’s work of memory, especially in post-colonial Africa. The media’s work of memory is important because of its social standing as a communicative and cultural institution, and because social memory is imbricated in processes of both collective identity formation and nation-building which partly shape patterns of economic distribution, recognition, and representation in society. It is in this context that this study shows how Zimbabwe’s The Sunday Mail and The Standard newspapers used social memory to construct the country’s national identity between 1999 and 2013 in the context of a socio-economic and political crisis for the country’s poly-racial, and poly-ethno-linguistic communities. The study also explores how these newspapers worked as memory sites through their construction of Zimbabwe’s national identity during the period under study. It achieves these tasks by analysing how these newspapers reported on such issues as Zimbabwe’s colonial history, the country’s narrative of decolonisation, the Gukurahundi narrative, the land reform process, elections and independence celebrations. The study takes a critical realist approach to qualitative research, and uses Fairclough and Fairclough’s (2012) method of political discourse analysis as well as Aristotle’s approach to rhetoric for a close reading of the sampled newspaper articles. It is informed by Nancy Fraser’s Theory of Justice, Chantal Mouffe’s Model of Agonistic Pluralism, and Jurgen Habermas’s Discourse Ethics Theory. The study concludes that these two newspapers actively use social memory to construct versions of national identity for specific socio-political and economic ends. Editorials and opinions from The Sunday Mail, which construct Zimbabwean-ness in nativist terms represent the hegemonic appropriation of social memory to construct a sense of Zimbabwean nationhood. In contrast, The Standard uses social memory to construct Zimbabwean-ness in modernist terms with citizenship as the core organising principle of belonging. The political discourse analysis of The Sunday Mail’s and The Standard’s evocation of social memory shows that the two newspapers reflect the tension between indigenist and universalist imaginaries of belonging in Zimbabwe. But the newspapers’ construction of belonging in Zimbabwe is informed by justice claims as seen from each of their political standpoints. As such, their respective definitions of Zimbabweans’ justice claims in terms of their political standpoints, also propose how those justice claims should be addressed and who stands to benefit from them.
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Glöckner, Olaf. "Immigrated Russian Jewish elites in Israel and Germany after 1990 : their integration, self image and role in community building." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5036/.
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Russian Jews who left the Former Soviet Union (FSU) and its Successor States after 1989 are considered as one of the best qualified migrants group worldwide. In the preferred countries of destination (Israel, the United States and Germany) they are well-known for cultural self-assertion, strong social upward mobility and manifold forms of self organisation and empowerment. Using Suzanne Kellers sociological model of “Strategic Elites”, it easily becomes clear that a huge share of the Russian Jewish Immigrants in Germany and Israel are part of various elites due to their qualification and high positions in the FSU – first of all professional, cultural and intellectual elites (“Intelligentsija”). The study aimed to find out to what extent developments of cultural self-assertion, of local and transnational networking and of ethno-cultural empowerment are supported or even initiated by the immigrated (Russian Jewish) Elites. The empirical basis for this study have been 35 half-structured expert interviews with Russian Jews in both countries (Israel, Germany) – most of them scholars, artists, writers, journalists/publicists, teachers, engineers, social workers, students and politicians.
The qualitative analysis of the interview material in Israel and Germany revealed that there are a lot of commonalities but also significant differences. It was obvious that almost all of the interview partners remained to be linked with Russian speaking networks and communities, irrespective of their success (or failure) in integration into the host societies. Many of them showed self-confidence with regard to the groups’ amazing professional resources (70% of the adults with academic degree), and the cultural, professional and political potential of the FSU immigrants was usually considered as equal to those of the host population(s). Thus, the immigrants’ interest in direct societal participation and social acceptance was accordingly high. Assimilation was no option.
For the Russian Jewish “sense of community” in Israel and Germany, Russian Language, Arts and general Russian culture have remained of key importance. The Immigrants do not feel an insuperable contradiction when feeling “Russian” in cultural terms, “Jewish” in ethnical terms and “Israeli” / “German” in national terms – in that a typical case of additive identity shaping what is also significant for the Elites of these Immigrants. Tendencies of ethno-cultural self organisation – which do not necessarily hinder impressing individual careers in the new surroundings – are more noticeable in Israel. Thus, a part of the Russian Jewish Elites has responded to social exclusion, discrimination or blocking by local population (and by local elites) with intense efforts to build (Russian Jewish) Associations, Media, Educational Institutions and even Political Parties. All in all, the results of this study do very much contradict popular stereotypes of the Russian Jewish Immigrant as a pragmatic, passive “Homo Sovieticus”. Among the Interview Partners in this study, civil-societal commitment was not the exception but rather the rule.
Traditional activities of the early, legendary Russian „Intelligentsija“ were marked by smooth transitions from arts, education and societal/political commitment. There seem to be certain continuities of this self-demand in some of the Russian Jewish groups in Israel. Though, nothing comparable could be drawn from the Interviews with the Immigrants in Germany. Thus, the myth and self-demand of Russian “Intelligentsija” is irrelevant for collective discourses among Russian Jews in Germany.Russischsprachige Juden, die nach 1989 die Sowjetunion und ihre Nachfolgestaaten verlassen haben, zählen weltweit zu den bestqualifizierten Migranten. In ihren bevorzugten Zielländern (Israel, USA, Deutschland) zeichnen sie sich durch sichtbare Formen der kulturellen Selbstbehauptung, eine starke Aufstiegsmobilität und einen relativ hohen Grad der Selbstorganisation aus. Auf Grund des hohen Bildungsgrades und der dominierenden Berufsbilder konnte in Anlehnung an das Modell der „Strategic Elites“ von Suzanne Keller ein generell hoher Anteil an Eliten in der untersuchten Gruppe von Immigranten in Deutschland und Israel ausgemacht werden – v.a. professionelle, kulturelle und intellektuelle Eliten. Die Studie fragte danach, inwiefern Prozesse der kulturellen Selbstbehauptung, der lokalen und transnationalen Vernetzung und der ethno-kulturellen Selbstorganisation von den zugewanderten Eliten unterstützt oder sogar selbst befördert werden. Als empirische Grundlage dienten je 35 Experten-Interviews mit russisch-jüdischen Immigranten in beiden Ländern – dabei vorwiegend Wissenschaftler, Künstler, Schriftsteller, Publizisten/Journalisten, Lehrer, Ingenieure, Sozialarbeiter, Studenten und Politiker. Die qualitative Auswertung des Interviewmaterials in Deutschland und Israel ergab zahlreiche Gemeinsamkeiten, aber auch markante Unterschiede. Auffällig war, dass fast alle Interviewpartner mit russischsprachigen Netzwerken und Community-Strukturen gut verbunden blieben – unabhängig vom bisherigen Erfolg ihrer individuellen Integration. Fast durchweg waren sie sich ihrer überdurchschnittlichen beruflichen Kompetenzen (70% Akademiker) bewusst, die kulturellen, beruflichen und häufig auch politischen Ressourcen wurden mindestens als ebenbürtig zu jenen der Aufnahmegesellschaften betrachtet. Das Interesse an direkter gesellschaftlicher Partizipation und Akzeptanz war entsprechend hoch. Für das Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl der Immigranten in Israel und Deutschland bilden russische Sprache, Kunst und (Alltags-) Kultur nach wie vor eine Schlüssel-Rolle. Dabei entsteht für die meisten Immigranten kein zwingender Widerspruch, sich "russisch" im kulturellen, "jüdisch" im ethnischen und "israelisch" / "deutsch" im nationalen Sinne zu fühlen - insofern ein klassischer Fall von additiver Identitätsbildung, der auch die zugewanderten Eliten charakterisiert. Assimilation in die Mehrheitsgesellschaft ist keine Option. Tendenzen ethno-kultureller Selbstorganisation, die erfolgreiche individuelle Integrationsverläufe im neuen Umfeld keineswegs ausschließen, zeigten sich am intensivsten in Israel. So reagiert ein Teil der russisch-jüdischen Eliten auf allgemeine Ausgrenzungserfahrungen und/oder Schließungsprozesse der lokalen Eliten bewusst mit der Bildung eigener Vereine, Medien, Bildungseinrichtungen und sogar politischer Parteien. Insgesamt widersprechen die Ergebnisse der Studie dem weitverbreiteten Stereotyp vom russisch-jüdischen Migranten als eines pragmatisch-passiven „Homo Sovieticus“. Zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement war bei den untersuchten Eliten eher der Regelfall. Zu den Traditionen der frühen, legendären russischen „Intelligentsija“ gehörten fließende Übergänge zwischen Kunst, Bildung und gesellschaftspolitischem Engagement. Dies setzt sich in Israel in einigen Gruppierungen der russisch-jüdischen Immigranten nahtlos fort. Dagegen machten die Experten-Interviews in Deutschland deutlich, dass ein vergleichbarer „Intelligentsija“-Effekt hier nicht zu erwarten ist - und daher für kollektive Orientierungsprozesse der russischen Juden irrelevant bleibt.
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Casse, Christelle. "Concevoir un dispositif de retour d'expérience intégrant l'activité réflexive collective : un enjeu de sécurité dans les tunnels routiers." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH024/document.
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Le retour d'expérience (REX), sous la forme d'analyses d'accident le plus souvent, constitue un instrument privilégié de management de la sécurité dans les organisations industrielles à hauts risques. Cette recherche s'inscrit dans le domaine de la sécurité dans les tunnels routiers et vise à proposer une approche intégrée du REX, qui repose sur le travail quotidien de gestion de la sécurité par les opérateurs en s'appuyant sur les espaces collectifs de construction de l'expérience. La thèse défendue est que la sécurité dans les environnements dynamiques tels que les tunnels routiers repose sur la capacité des collectifs de travail transverses à faire face aux imprévus, les perturbations quotidiennes comme les évènements. Cette capacité se construit notamment à travers les discussions entre opérateurs et avec leurs managers sur les difficultés de leur travail. Les dispositifs de REX doivent favoriser l'existence de débats sur l'activité pour améliorer la gestion de la sécurité et favoriser ainsi le développement de l'individu et de l'organisation. Cependant cela implique des conditions d'organisation pour que le débat soit possible et pérenne.Une intervention-recherche visant la conception d'un dispositif de REX fondé sur l'activité individuelle et collective a été réalisée chez un exploitant de tunnels routiers pour éclairer cette problématique. Les analyses menées en collaboration avec les opérateurs de l'exploitation avaient pour objectifs d'aider les opérateurs à mettre en relation la manière dont ils gèrent la sécurité sur le terrain avec la manière dont le REX traite les évènements. L'analyse du REX existant montre dans un premier temps qu'il est centré sur les évènements de trafic majeurs, faisant l'objet de procédures et de règles formelles, alors que les incidents critiques pour les opérateurs sont majoritairement des incidents d'exploitation, peu cadrés. Dans un second temps, l'analyse de l'activité montre que les opérateurs développent de façon informelle des instances d'échange collectif pour anticiper les aléas, s'organiser et analyser les évènements. Une démarche de simulation organisationnelle avec les opérateurs, les managers et les partenaires de la recherche a été engagée pour transformer le dispositif de REX. Elle débouche sur un REX élargi en termes de définition des évènements et d'acteurs impliqués. Le nouveau dispositif s'appuie sur les processus-métiers existants, tout en développant les instances collectives d'analyse inter-métiers et inter-organisations. Il structure les pratiques informelles d'organisation et de partage d'expérience des opérateurs. Des espaces de discussion inter-métiers sur les pratiques réelles ont pu s'élaborer à partir de simulations d'évènement, animés par des managers de proximité. L'expérimentation de cette méthodologie montre que ces espaces favorisent la confrontation des représentations, des pratiques et la transmission des connaissances. Ils permettent aussi l'élaboration de règles opérationnelles transverses et font émerger les besoins de règles formelles à relayer aux managers. Ils sont constructifs car ils participent au développement de l'organisation formelle autant que de l'activité des opérateurs. Cette méthodologie a favorisé la construction de l'expérience à partir de l'analyse des évènements.L'intervention-recherche a permis de revenir sur les classifications officielles des évènements dans les tunnels routiers. Les conditions et modalités de mise en place d'un REX intégré sont définies et discutées, ainsi que celles des espaces de discussion par simulation. L'ingénierie de l'intervention ergonomique de conception organisationnelle et la place de l'intervenant sont aussi revisitées à l'aune de nos résultatsOperating experience feedback, mainly through accident analysis is a method of choice for safety management in high risk organizations. The present research takes place in the field of road tunnel safety, proposing an integrated approach of experience feedback from the daily management of safety by tunnel monitoring staff through collective spaces for discussion and experience building.Our hypothesis is that safety in such dynamic environments as road tunnels depends on the capacity of operating teams to face the unexpected events, disturbances and accidents. This capacity is built through discussions between operating staff and with the management about the difficulties encountered during work. The return on operating experience should allow the debate on work activity in order to reach a better safety management, foster individual development and a better organization. However, there are organizational conditions for the debate to be possible and sustainable.A research and intervention protocol was set up with a road tunnel operator to test and improve a scheme for the return on operating experience based on individual and collective activity. Analyses were conducted to help operational staff link the way events are treated in day to day security management with the processing in the operational experience feedback scheme. An analysis of the current scheme showed that it is focussed on major traffic events, comprising of a set of procedures and formal rules, while the operational events, felt as critical by operators do not have a framework for discussion. Further, work activity analysis shows that operational staff develops informal spaces of collective exchanges to organize work, anticipate hazards and analyse events.Organizational simulations including operating staff, managers and the research partners were set up to transform the feedback scheme. The simulation led to an enlarged framework for feedback, defining the events to be analysed and participants to be included. The new scheme roots in the existing professional processes, develops inter-professional as well as inter-organization discussion spaces. The new scheme facilitates the sharing of experience among operating staff and structures the informal organizational practices we observed.Inter-professional discussion spaces, conducted by the team managers, were set up based on the analysis of simulated events. These structured discussion spaces proved to be effective in the confrontation of work practices, events and roles representations as well as conducive for knowledge transmission. The discussion space allows setting transverse operational rules and highlights the need for formal rules to be set by the management. The inter-professional discussion spaces are operant in improving the formal organisation as well as developing the activity of operational staff. This methodology favoured the building of experience from event analysis.This research-intervention was an opportunity to review the official classification of road tunnel events. The conditions for an integrated operating experience feedback scheme are set and discussed, as well as the implementation of simulation-based discussion spaces.From our results, we re-consider the design of interventions in organizational design, as well as the role of the intervening ergonomist
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Rooswall, Persson Gun. "Lärande samtal : elevers kollektiva textbygge i samband med diktskrivande." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Litteraturvetenskap och nordiska språk, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68440.
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The purpose of this study is to describe and interpret the process by which pupils collectivelybuild a text during discussion of a group task. The study also has two further aims: firstly toexemplify task-oriented, interactionist and genre-specific conversational moves; and secondly todescribe, interpret and compare symmetric and asymmetric co-operative and competitive conversationalmoves, and laughter, in the interaction. At the same time, the way in which the participantsconstruct gender is also discussed.In spring 1997, conversations with pupils were video recorded; the pupils being in the finalyear of compulsory education at school. The pupils were divided up into six groups of fourpupils. The groups were determined according to gender, two all-girl groups, two all-boygroups and two mixed groups. By dividing the groups in this way gender aspects were takeninto account. The conversations of each group were recorded on three separate occasions withouta teacher being present. The task which the pupils were given was to talk about and write apoem together. The conversations were then transcribed, described and interpreted.The results showed the pupils in the different groups used different conversational stylesduring problem-solving. This was partly dependent on whether the group was all girls, all boys,or a mixed group. The pupils' conversational styles and the groups' conversational patternswere categorised and evaluated according to their didactic function.This study belongs to the field of research called "Swedish at School." It deals specificallywith interaction, function and learning in pupils' collective text-building as they solve a problemthrough discussion. Learning in these problem-solving group discussions is promoted bythe four-dimensional conversational style i.e. dominant, asymmetric, task-oriented and grouporiented,being shown by at least one pupil whose style is accepted by the group. The criteriaused in these learning conversations can also become a support for teachers when forminggroups. Group discussions are generally regarded by teachers as providing excellent occasionsfor pupils to learn. However, the study also shows that this type of activity can be pedagogicallycomplicated for the teacher to lead, and it is not always an effective way for pupils to learn.digitalisering@umu
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Dvořák, Jakub. "Polyfunkční objekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240030.
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Dissertation on multifunctional building which is a part of a project which is about a transformation of an industrial district into a residental district with an additional function of shops and services including relaxation zone which is planned on the roof terrace. The dissertation is divided according to the legislation and made in the extent of the documentation of the building.
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Ivars, Camille. "Les obstacles à l’exercice d’une activité commerciale en copropriété immobilière." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0432.
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Le choix de l’immeuble au sein duquel s’exercera l’activité économique conditionne son attractivité, laquelle est déterminante pour la réussite du projet entrepreneurial du commerçant. Au-delà des critères inhérents à l’emplacement et aux caractéristiques physiques du local, le commerçant doit être suffisamment avisé quant au statut applicable à l’entier immeuble. Ce dernier, dès lors qu’il se trouve régi par le statut de la copropriété, va directement impacter les prérogatives de l’exploitant. En ce sens, l’exercice d’une activité commerciale en copropriété immobilière souffre, d’une part, de restrictions issues des documents contractuels inhérents à l’immeuble. Ces obstacles à l’exercice d’une activité commerciale au sein de l’immeuble collectif, bien qu’apparents, n’en sont pas moins complexes. L’exploitation commerciale rencontre, d’autre part, des obstacles issus d’exigences légales, règlementaires, mais également prétoriennes, dont la prévisibilité se révèle difficile, voire impossible, en raison de leur diversité. Partant, malgré la valeur constitutionnelle octroyée à la liberté du commerce et de l’industrie, ce principe n’en est pas moins restreint dès lors que le siège de l’activité se situe au sein d’un immeuble soumis au statut de la copropriété. Les difficultés rencontrées par l’exploitant démontrent la nécessité d’engager une démarche globale, de mener une réflexion juridique désectorisée pour aboutir à un équilibre entre plusieurs domaines impératifs du droit. La maîtrise des différentes branches du droit applicable à l’immeuble s’avère dès lors fondamentale dans le cadre d’un processus d’unité et d’harmonisationThe choice of the building in which the economic activity will take place shapes its attractiveness, which is essential for the merchant’s entrepreneurial project success. Beyond the inherent criteria associated to the location and to the premises’ physical features, the merchant must be enough provided with information on the status which is applicable to the entire building. From the moment it is governed by the co-ownership status, the latter will directly affect the merchant’s right. That is to say, on the one hand, the practice of a commercial activity within a building co-ownership suffers from restrictions coming from the contractual documents which are linked to the building. These barriers which stop the merchant to properly practice his activity within the collective building, although obvious, are quite sensitive. Moreover, commercial exploitation meets obstacles arising from legal, regulatory, but also praetorian requirements, some happenings which are quite impossible to anticipate because of their diversity. Thus, despite the constitutional value granted to the freedom of trade and industry, this principle is restricted since the head office of the activity is located in a building which is subject to the co-ownership status. The difficulties that the merchant meets demonstrate the need to take a global approach and to lead a legal reflection so that a balance between several priorities areas of law can be reached. The mastery of the different branches of the law which are applicable to the building is therefore a fundamental need in the context of unity process and harmonization
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Bohadlová, Darina. "Náklady životního cyklu budovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225507.
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This diploma thesis deals with the life-cycle cost of the building for teaching and research. The theoretical part deals with the introduction of life-cycle cost method. A description ofdetermining life-cycle cost and procedure of processing. In the practical part of the budgetis prepared surveyed the building, which is divided into functional parts and the fixed costs of repair and reconstruction over the lifetime of the building. At the end of life are roughlydetermined the cost of demolition and waste removal. This whole process is summarized in the table, which sets the cost of operating the building throughout its life.
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Nabioff, Lina, and Sigrid Salgueiro. "Ett studentbostadshus för att skapa integration mellan studenter i ett trivsamt boende med större gemenskap." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5215.
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The aim has been to create a new student housing where there should be more togetherness between people who live in the residents. The house will have more common areas for the integration of students for a pleasant stay in Växjö.
We have concentrated on finding and solving the interior design of the joint surfaces. The proposal consists of CAD- drawings.
The student area is intended to be placed on the Brände udde, which is part of Campusvision 2005.
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Cedervall, Ofelia, and Tove Wränghede. "Coliving - svenska bostadsmarknadens nya trend : en analys av befintliga coliving-projekt i Stockholmsregionen." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297393.
Full textAbstract:
De senaste tio åren har konceptet coliving etablerats på den svenska bostadsmarknaden. På grund av bostadsbristen i storstadsregionerna i Sverige har behovet av nya innovativa boendeformer varit av betydelse. Detta gäller främst unga vuxna i Sverige mellan 20–35 år. Det nya konceptet coliving innebär ett gemensamt boende där hyresgästerna erbjuds både privata och gemensamma ytor. Utvecklingen av coliving grundar sig i andra kollektiva boendeformer, men denna typ av boende inkluderar en bredare målgrupp och mer tjänster samt service. Detta har medfört att coliving är en attraktiv och innovativ bostadsform som företag i Sverige valt att implementera i sina fastigheter. Syftet med arbetet, som är i samarbete med Stena Fastigheter, är att undersöka hur och varför företag i Stockholm väljer att implementera konceptet coliving i sina fastigheter. Författarna har även valt att fördjupa sig inom de olika regler och lagar som finns tillgängliga idag för att undersöka vilka hinder det finns i uppstartsfasen av coliving-projekt. För att kunna uppfylla arbetets syfte har författarna haft semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter från olika coliving-aktörer i Stockholm. Det har även utförts en litteraturstudie för att kunna få en fördjupad inblick av konceptet samt regleringen kring det. Idag råder en viss problematik kring regleringen av coliving, detta inkluderar Hyreslagen och Boverkets byggregler, som medför att det inte finns en tydlig struktur av konceptet och hur det ska utformas. I och med detta har företagen utformat sina coliving-enheter på olika sätt. Respondenterna nämner hur efterfrågan och en alternativ lösning till bostadsbristen för unga vuxna är två av drivkrafterna för att utveckla konceptet coliving.For the past ten years, the concept of coliving has been established in the Swedish housing market. Due to the housing shortage in the metropolitan regions in Sweden, the need for new innovative forms of housing has been important. This mainly applies to young adults in Sweden between the ages of 20-35. The new concept of coliving means a shared accommodation where the tenants are offered both private and common areas. The development of coliving is based on other forms of collective housing, but this type of housing includes a broader target group and more services as well as services. This has meant that coliving is an attractive and innovative form of housing that companies in Sweden have chosen to implement in their properties. The purpose of this master’s thesis, which is in collaboration with Stena Fastigheter, is to investigate how and why companies in Stockholm choose to implement the concept of coliving in their properties. The authors have also chosen to delve into the various rules and laws available today to examine the obstacles that exist in the start-up phase of coliving projects. In order to fulfill the purpose of the work, the authors have had semi-structured interviews with respondents from various coliving actors in Stockholm. A literature study has also been carried out in order to gain an in-depth insight into the concept and the regulations surrounding it. Today, there is a certain problem with the regulation of coliving, this includes Hyreslagen and Boverkets building regulations, which means that there is no clear structure of the concept and how it should be designed. As a result, companies have designed their coliving units in different ways. The respondents mention how demand and an alternative solution to the housing shortage for young adults are two of the driving forces for developing the concept.