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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Collective use of rights'
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Bucht, Martin. "Markanknutna gemensamma nyttigheter : en analysmodell för byggande, underhåll, användning och finansiering." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fastighetsvetenskap, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4139.
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This thesis deals with appropriate legislation concerning common utilities, such as infra-structural facilities and natural resources, which can regulate construction, maintenance, use and financing. Appropriate legislation can be viewed in the two main perspectives, effi-ciency and equity, and the thesis concerns primarily on efficiency. The purpose is to develop an analytical model, which can be used to facilitate structured assessments concerning the management of common utilities. The problem field concerned is of great complexity, and the model is therefore to be viewed as a support for decision-making, not as an instrument capable of delivering ready-made solutions. To structure the problem area it’s divided into three parts, the social, physical and institu-tional environments. The social environment is concerned with factors, such as group size and amount of trust and social capital, which can influence the feasibility of co-operation. The analysis leads to a classification of three social groups: Close-knit, loosely-knit and anonymous. The physical environment is concerned with characteristics of utilities, which influences need for, and feasibility of, co-operation. Rivalry of use and excludability are identified as important factors in this aspect. By combining them six types of goods can be identified: Private goods, club goods, common pool resources, toll goods, public goods and local pub-lic goods. The institutional environment is concerned with rules, which can control the use of com-mon utilities. Two concepts are identified as pivotal: property rights regimes and decision-making procedures. There are four property rights regimes: Individual rights, group rights, public rights (limited and unlimited) and no rights. Furthermore there are three decision-making procedures: Market regulation, group decision-making and public decision-making. A fourth possibility is no decision making-forum. By linking together social groups and types of goods a matrix is obtained in which each square represents a unique combination of social and physical environment. In this analyti-cal framework it is analysed which combinations of property rights regimes and decision-making procedures that are best suited to each square. In the end, Swedish legislation on roads, water and sewerage installations and aesthetic design of buildings is analysed with aid of the analytical model.QC 20100825
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McDonald, Leighton Errol. "Collective rights as constitutional rights." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22833.pdf.
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Khalil, Sarah. "Skyddet av geografiska ursprungsbeteckningar : en immaterialrättslig figur sui generis." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2566.
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Geographical indications designate products which have a specific geographical origin, which can either be national, regional or local. The subject is complicated since geographical indications arises a large number of questions There are EC regulations which regulate the protection of geographical indications, but since the field has not yet been exhaustively harmonized, the existence of national rules of protection is therefore still possible, which can lead to trade barriers between the member states. Consequently, one problem consists in whether it may be legitimate to restrict the free movement of goods by article 28 in the EC Treaty by referring to national rules of protection and to what extent such measures may be justified by article 30 or by the Cassis doctrine. An additional question consists in how the line between geographical indications and generic terms is to be established appropriately. Further, geographical indications are exposed to improper use by other dishonest commercial operators and therefore the possibilities of protection against unfair competition and misleading are also discussed in the thesis. Since there are several questions which are unanswered regarding geographical indications, the purpose of this essay is to analyze what kind of intellectual property right geographical indications constitute and how they are protected.
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Newman, Dwight G. "Community and collective rights." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422518.
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Saranchuk, Andrew. "Aboriginal and treaty rights : collective or individual rights? /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25728.pdf.
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Pimiento-Echeverri, Julian-Andres. "Les biens d'usage public en droit colombien." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020025.
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Les biens d'usage public sont la catégorie centrale de la construction du droit administratif des biens. L'absence d'une analyse d'ensemble de la catégorie, en droit colombien, pousse à revoir les bases sur lesquelles elle repose et ses conséquences. Plus que toute autre catégorie juridique, les biens d'usage public sont tributaires de leur histoire, c'est dans l'étude de cette dernière que se trouvent les clés d'interprétation de tout le système. Le modèle utilisé par le code civil colombien a été calqué sur la division des biens publics, opérée par le droit espagnol colonial – inspirée à son tour du droit romain. Une mise à jour s'avère nécessaire. À partir de la notion de propriété publique, et de son régime constitutionnel, il est possible de construire une définition matérielle des biens d'usage public, permettant de comprendre les caractéristiques de l'usage public. Cela implique, aussi, une révision complète du régime juridique à la lumière de l'exploitation sociale et économique – valorisation – de la propriété publique. À une triple protection, celle de la propriété publique, du bien d'usage public et de l'usager, s'ajoute une nouvelle approche des occupations privatives. Cette idée d'exploitation sociale et économique anime un nouveau régime des titres habilitant l'occupation privative, des redevances pour occupation des biens d'usage public et des droits réels administratifsRegulation of public property available for public use is at the core of administrative law. The Colombian Civil Code has copied colonial Spanish law in the matter, which in turn was inspired by Roman law. However, the absence of an exhaustive and coherent regulation in Colombia has forced the interpreter to study its foundation and further developments to interpret it. An update of this legal system is, therefore, imperative. Beginning with the concept of public property and its constitutional regulation, it is poss ible to analyze the elements of its public use, which will allow proposing a definition of those assets. It is necessary to analyze the regulation of these public properties under the light of their social and economic value. The protection granted by the law to the concepts of public property, public use and public user, has to be assessed under the new approach of the administrative authorizations pertaining to such public property. This notion of social and economic value will also allow scholars/people to have a new vision of the regulation of administrative authorizations, the exclusive rights (in rem) they confer and the income they produce
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Wells, Dominic. "From Collective Bargaining to Collective Begging: State Expansion and Restriction of Collective Bargaining Rights in the Public Sector." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1522790947706508.
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Klocker, Cornelia Angela. "Collective punishment and human rights : from Israel to Russia." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2018. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/370/.
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This thesis analyses collective punishment in the context of human rights law from a New Legal Realist perspective. Collective punishment is a concept deriving from the law of armed conflict. It describes the punishment of a group for an act allegedly committed by some of its members and is prohibited in times of armed conflict by treaty and customary international law. Recently, the imposition of collective punishment has been witnessed in situations outside armed conflict. This means that the applicable legal framework is human rights law and not the law of armed conflict. Human rights instruments do not explicitly address collective punishment. Consequently, there is a genuine gap in the protection of groups affected by collective punishment in situations outside of or short of armed conflict. Supported by two case studies on collective punishment in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and in Chechnya, the thesis examines potential options to close this gap in human rights law in a way contributing to the empowerment of affected groups. This analysis will focus on the European Convention on Human Rights due to its relevance to the situation in Chechnya. The protection and empowerment of groups necessitates a reconsideration of group rights under the human rights framework and challenges the traditionally individual focus of human rights law. By questioning whether human rights instruments can encompass such rights and adapt to the changing circumstances, the thesis contributes to the broader academic debate on rights held by collectivities in general and on collective human rights in particular. The thesis is therefore centred on the following research question: What is the relationship between the legal regulation and state policies on collective punishment under the law of armed conflict and human rights law and what effects does this relationship have on the protection and empowerment of affected groups?
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McChesney, Allan. "Is collective bargaining protected by Canada's Charter of Rights?" Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5852.
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Seo, Mi Won. "Quand la reconstruction mammaire devient une affaire publique : agir et se mobiliser en tant que patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein en Corée du Sud (2011-2015)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0063.
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En 2012, en Corée du Sud, une association de patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein organise une grève du silence devant la Cour Constitutionnelle pour dénoncer les inégalités d’accès à la reconstruction mammaire. Cette action collective inédite des patientes revendiquant un meilleur accès à la chirurgie questionne le lien entre l’émancipation et l’action collective. Cette étude examine dans quelle mesure l’action collective et le discours des patientes mobilisées pour revendiquer l'accès à la reconstruction mammaire sont émancipateurs et explore d’autres voies possibles d’émancipation. Cette recherche repose sur une enquête ethnographique réalisée à Seoul pendant 7 mois entre 2013 et 2014 et une intervention sociologique d’une durée de trois mois menée en 2015. L’observation du quotidien des malades s’est déroulée au sein de l’association nationale de patientes et dans un hôpital public. Une soixantaine d'entretiens ont été réalisés avec les femmes et les professionnels qui travaillent auprès de patients atteints d’un cancer (du sein). La thèse rend compte de la manière dont le cancer du sein s’introduit dans l’économie et la politique nationale welfariste tout en étant traversé par les normes sociales. L’analyse révèle les messages véhiculés par les femmes au nom de leur libération. Nous montrons que leurs messages nourrissent les tensions entre les patientes de profils sociodémographiques différents au lieu de les atténuer, tout en favorisant le conformisme aux normes sociales et à la culture biomédicale du cancer. Cette thèse révèle également comment l’expérience du corps des patientes ayant vécu le parcours de soins est à la base de leur capacité d’action face au corps médicalIn 2012, in South Korea, an association of breast cancer patients organized a silence vigil before the Constitutional Court to criticize unequal access to breast reconstruction surgery. This unprecedented collective action by patients demanding better access to health care questions the link between emancipation and collective action. This study examines to what extent the collective action and the discourse of patients mobilized to demand better access to breast reconstruction are emancipatory and explores other possible ways of emancipation.An ethnographic survey was carried out in Seoul for 7 months between 2013 and 2014 and a sociological intervention was put in place for three months in 2015. The observation of patients' daily lives took place in the national patients’ association and in a public hospital. About 60 interviews were conducted with women and professionals who work with (breast) cancer patients.The thesis accounts for the way in which breast cancer is introduced into the national welfarist politics and economy and while being crossed by social norms. The analysis reveals the messages conveyed by women in the name of their liberation. It also shows their messages foster tensions between patients of different socio-demographic profiles rather than attenuating them, while promoting conformity with social norms and the biomedical culture of cancer. The thesis reveals how the experience of the body of patients in the process of care pathway is the basis of their ability to act vis-à-vis the medical profession
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Cottigny, Maxime. "Responsabilité civile et procédures collectives." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20013/document.
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Responsabilité civile et procédures collectives, sont des termes aux effets a priori inconciliables. Pourtant, la politique juridique de la procédure collective utilise, de manière à la fois cohérente et opportuniste, la responsabilité civile, qui est alors mise au service de ses finalités et de son régime et dont l’usage se révèle fluctuant et opportuniste. Le résultat ? La mutation de la responsabilité civile. En effet, d’une part l’efficacité juridique du droit des procédures collectives fait évoluer sa fonction. Fondée sur un équilibre des intérêts, elle laprotège. D’autre part, elle fait évoluer le régime de la responsabilité civile, que se soit ses conditions de fond ou de forme. Mais pourquoi circonscrire la protection de l’intérêt à la procédure collective ? Ne peut-on pas voir dans cette fonction la direction de l’évolution de la responsabilité civile en droit des affaires ?Civil liability and collective procedures, are terms in the effects a priori irreconcilable. Nevertheless, the legal politics of the collective procedure uses, so as to coherent and opportunist time, the civil liability, which is then put in the service of its purposes and of his regime and the use of which shows itself fluctuating and opportunist. The profit ? The mutation of the civil liability. Indeed, on one hand the legal efficiency of the law of the collective procedures makes its function evolve. Established on a balance of the interests, itprotects her. On the other hand, it develops the regime of the civil liability, that is his conditions of bottom or shape. But why to confine the protection of the interest in the collective procedure? Cannot we see in this function, the direction of the evolution of the civil liability in business law?
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Lundgren, Klara. "Sweden's Sámi management municipalities and their impact on collective rights." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21825.
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The Sámi are a marginalized group in Sweden, there are a lot of preconceptions of them as the indigenous group of Sweden, like most States that has indigenous groups living within their boarders, clashes with the majority population will occur. The Swedish State has created management municipalities to help the Sámi gain control over some specified collective rights. The Sámi has, for example, collective rights assigned to them specifically because they are a people who internationally and nationally are recognized as the indigenous people of Sweden. This thesis sets out to investigate what rights the Sámi have to use their language and language education in connection to the management municipalities, and if Sweden, as a state that holds itself so high concerning the rights of indigenous peoples and a guardian of human rights for all, actually grant the Sámi the rights they are entitled to. I will do so by using a qualitative method and content analysis method which will draw on a liberal theory of collective rights. The research will show, that Sweden has indeed established the management municipalities to maintain rights assigned to the Sámi, however it does not provide all rights reserved and in some cases it actually violates the rights for the indigenous population.
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Aldrich, Darrell E. (Darrell Eugene). "Intensifying the collective use of public place." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62920.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-94).
The premise of the thesis states that to intensify the collective use of public place there must exist a broad collective understanding of physical constituents that 'build' spatial relationships. These spatial understandings are 'made' through a relationship of physical definitions in a particular landscape and should give indications as to how the built environment should be used. Spatial qualities are determined by their capacity to be physically, mentally, and emotionally accessible through association. To examine this premise, the thesis proposes the design of an outdoor public plaza, the configuration of buildings that defines it, and their relationship to an existing public path. These buildings include a learning center and dorm, a commercial building, and a subway station.
by Darrell E. Aldrich.
M.Arch.
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Tomen, Bihter. "FRAMING RIGHTS-CLAIMS: COLLECTIVE IDENTITY GROUPS IN THE TURKISH PUBLIC SPHERE." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1134.
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This dissertation investigates how collective identity groups frame their rights claims in the public sphere by exploring what types of framing processes specific groups of activists adopt. My empirical focus is on how certain social movements in Turkey has framed their rights claims in the restrictive nature of the public sphere. What types of frames characterize these movements? This research explores three empirical case studies from Turkey - looking at an Islamic, a women’s rights and an LGBT organization. The main empirical finding of the dissertation is all three organizations endorse a liberal/universalistic frame to be accepted in the Turkish public sphere. The thesis of this dissertation is based on the analysis of the implications, consequences, and tensions that come out of this finding for democratic theory, theorizing Turkey, and social movements. In my analysis, I highlight a paradox in making rights-claims in Turkey. Collective identity groups demand group rights, but they frame these demands in terms of universal human rights language. The reason for the emergence of such paradox – I argue- is because groups want to fit in by adopting the universal language of rights used by the state in its Constitution and laws. Rights-based language could be necessary for certain groups as it is located “within the accepted discursive field resonating with the values of a secular society” (Barras 2009). Using macroframes, such as ‘human rights’, enable groups to appeal to international organizations, as well. This ‘postnational’ approach to rights-claiming can be part of the groups’ mandate to appeal to universal human rights beyond the borders of state sovereignty (Soysal 1998). The implication of this analysis is that social groups’ acts of citizenship conform to dominant frameworks of claims-making. This, in turn, limits their ways of claims-making. For instance, they do not make multicultural claims or challenge the universal citizenship of the liberal state. While each civil society organization under study challenges the secular, the patriachal and the homophobic nature of Turkish citizenship, they conform to the definition of Turkish citizenship which is liberal, universal and individualistic. The dissertation uses the qualitative case study method based on in-depth interviews with the members of the groups.
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Mešić, Nedžad. "Negotiating Solidarity : Collective Actions for Precarious Migrant Workers’ Rights in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institutet för forskning om Migration, Etnicitet och Samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-134148.
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Precarious migrant workers are today an everyday part of the Swedish labour market. They often work under conditions of vulnerability, on temporary contracts and with few rights. This dissertation examines collective actions aiming to improve the precarious conditions of three categories of workers –discriminated, seasonal and undocumented. The collective actors examined in the dissertation are composed of formal organisations such as non-governmental organisations, organisations founded on ethnic grounds and trade unions, but also more temporary groups and networks. The analysis foregrounds contemporary societal, economical and legal transfigurations that create the conditions for collaboration among the actors and the negotiations which they conduct. The dissertation contains four articles. The first article, addressing the situation of discriminated migrant workers, scrutinises the conditions for the engagement of anti-discrimination agencies. The result of the study illustrates how the actors, as a consequence of state subsidies, alter their original course of conduct by becoming market orientated,which contributes to tensions in relations with other collaborators. The second and third articles focus on the situation of Bulgarian-Roma berry pickers in the 2012 harvesting season. Thesearticles illuminate on the one hand, the driving forces to their labour migration and the challenges faced in Sweden, and on the other, the emergence of different collective actions and their significance for the workers. The fourth article centres on two trade union initiatives for the inclusion of undocumentedmigrant workers. The article analyses the challenges faced by the unions as they seek to extend solidarity to workers who are relegated to informal work. The article also elucidates that this endeavour,nonetheless, may have the potential to transform the political identity of trade unions and, by extension through collaborations with other collective actors, open the doors of solidarity for precarious EU migrants. In sum, the four articles show that there is a broad range of collective actors who are preparedto assist precarious migrant workers and to negotiate and at best improve their labour market conditions.These actors face many and difficult challenges. However, as the dissertation demonstrates, their engagement has made the reality of precarious migrant work visible to the public, legitimised the workers’ needs and enabled them to claim their rights.
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McMurry, Nina(Nina Katherine Siegel). "From recognition to representation : collective rights and democratic citizenship in the Philippines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130599.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, September, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 245-257).
How does the recognition of self-determination rights for indigenous and tribal communities affect governance in modern democratic states? Nearly half of UN member states recognize indigenous groups in their constitutions, many devolving control over land and local governance functions. A dominant perspective in political science, rooted in the concept of the nation-state, implies these policies, by empowering nonstate authorities and crystallizing sub-national identities, are likely to have negative unintended consequences. Yet few studies have investigated these predictions directly. This study examines the effects of collective recognition for indigenous communities on state consolidation and democratic representation.
Rather than weakening states and undermining democratic accountability, I argue that given underlying conditions of state weakness, collective recognition can encourage the incorporation of marginalized populations by enabling more effective claim-making through formal democratic politics. I evaluate empirical implications of this theory in the Philippines, which has one of the most robust frameworks for indigenous recognition in Southeast Asia. Drawing on more than two years of fieldwork in the country, I combine analysis of administrative data, original survey data and survey experiments, and in-depth qualitative interviews with indigenous leaders and policymakers. I find that recognition through the granting of collective land titles leads to increased indigenous self-identification, but also to greater attachments to national identity and multiple indicators of state integration.
In addition, I find evidence that recognition, rather than simply entrenching political elites, increases community electoral mobilization directed toward obtaining public goods from the state. This work not only speaks to contemporary debates surrounding indigenous rights, but also has broader implications for our understandings of post-colonial state consolidation, ethnic and identity politics, and collective participation in democratic systems.
by Nina McMurry.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science
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Sadikovic, Dzeneta. "Rights Claims Through Music - A Study on Collective Identity and Social Movements." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21909.
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This study is an analysis of musical lyrics which express oppression and discrimination of the African American community and encourage potential action for individuals to make a claim on their rights. This analysis will be done methodologically as a content analysis. Song texts are examined in the context of oppression and discrimination and how they relate to social movements. This study will examine different social movements occurring during a timeline stretching from the era of slavery to present day, and how music gives frame to collective identities as well as potential action. The material consisting of song lyrics will be theoretically approached from different sociological and musicological perspectives. This study aims to examine what interpretative frame for social change is offered by music. Conclusively, this study will show that music functions as an informative tool which can spread awareness and encourage people to pressure authorities and make a claim on their Human Rights.
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Venter, Claudia Beryl. "Water use rights as an estate asset : an examination of the valuation and transferability of water use rights / C.B. Venter." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4929.
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The main purpose of the National Water Act 36 of 1998 is to provide for fundamental reform of the law relating to water resources in South Africa. Section 3(1) of the National Water Act 36 of 1998 (NWA) stipulates that the national government, as the public trustee of the nation's water resources, must ensure the protection, use, development, conservation and management of water. Water must also be controlled in a sustainable and fair manner, to the advantage of all persons and in accordance with the national government`s constitutional mandate. Subsection (2) stipulates that the Minister is ultimately responsible to ensure that water is allocated and used in a fair manner, for the benefit of the public interest, while promoting environmental values. Subsection (3) further stipulates that the national government also has to regulate the use, flow and control of all water in the Republic. These provisions of the NWA gave birth to the concept of public trusteeship in the South African law.
The NWA provides for a number of different water us rights; from water use rights for domestic purposes to water use rights for the purpose of agriculture. Considering the extent of the study of all the water use rights that exist within the provisions of the NWA, this research will focus on licensed water use rights intended for agriculture. In this study it will be determined whether these licensed water use rights form part of a person's estate. Furthermore, it will also be determined whether these rights are transferable and whether a value can be attached to these rights in the estate of a person.Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Welch, Roger David. "The indispensability of collective bargaining and the case for positive trade union rights." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500346.
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The focal point of my research is an analysis of how trade union rights have been weakened in recent decades through a combination of legislative controls and HRM management techniques. This has been significantly underpinned by judicial interventions since the 1960s, which have used characterisations of trade unions and industrial action that were developed during the nineteenth century. Essentially common law concepts and principles have been used to depict industrial action in the worst possible light and to castigate the traditional system of giving trade union rights through statutory immunities as privileges to break the law. I have called this process the legal mystification of industrial relations.
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Estevez-Lopez, Ariadna. "Articulating collective action against free trade in Mexico : A human rights discourse approach." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536547.
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Frabboni, Maria Mercedes. "Collective management of music rights : a test of competition and industrial organisation theories." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/456.
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The management of music rights is currently carried out in a collective manner, by national organisations known as collecting societies. These organisations issue licences to commercial users, monitor their uses, collect royalties and distribute remuneration to rights holders. Collecting societies emerged as a response to the difficulty for authors to authorise personally every use of their work. They subsequently evolved into large and highly structured institutions that aggregate the interests of a wide and scattered array of rights holders. Collecting societies perform their activities within their national boundaries, as enforcers of territorial entitlements granted under copyright or droit d’auteur legislation. Cooperation between them has led to the establishment of a valuable network of reciprocal representation agreements for the exploitation of foreign repertoires. It is submitted, however, that the territorial connotation of collecting societies’ activities does not match the borderless character of music uses taking place via the internet. Technological and business solutions are open to cross-border uses but even such solutions still rely, to a large extent, on territorial licensing practices. It has been argued that this is an obstacle to the full development of online music services in the European Union. The problem for music rights management lies in the response to calls for new licensing models to arise, and in the challenge that such a response could bring to the existence of collecting societies. The query that this thesis tackles is whether the problem can be resolved via copyright instruments, or whether strategies based on competition are required to drive the market towards the desired outcome. It is observed that, in order to adapt to the changed environment, collecting societies have updated their reciprocal representation agreements to fit internet uses. The results of this process of adaptation have mostly been unsuccessful, due to their incompatibility with competition rules. Other models have been proposed, which envisage the elimination of reciprocal representation agreements and the implementation of mono-repertoire multi-territorial licences. These models also raise anti-competitive concerns. This study shows that the preferred solution to the defined problem is to be found in the assessment of rights management institutions from the point of view of the law and economics analysis, and more specifically through the lens of Industrial Organisation theories. The assessment conducted according to this approach highlights the strategic interactions in which rights managers engage, and demonstrates that multi-territorial licensing solutions now adopted for the internet function as by two-sided platforms competing in a market that remains highly concentrated.
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Malloy, Tove. "The 'politics of accommodation' in the Council of Europe after 1989 : national minorities and democratization." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369369.
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Slaten, Kevin Richard. "Obscure Terrain: The Rights Defense of Qingdao Internal Migrant Workers." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337959111.
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Ncube, Richmond. "Land Tenure Rights and Poverty Reduction in Mafela Resettlement Community (Matobo District, Zimbabwe)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4825_1323161074.
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In this research, I present critical facts about Land Tenure Systems and Poverty Reduction processes in Mafela Resettlement community. I focus mainly on the Post-Fast Track Land Reform (2004 â 2011) period and the interactive processes in this new resettlement area. The research - premised on the rights approach - sought to explore land tenure rights systems and poverty reduction mechanisms seen by the Mafela community to be improving their livelihoodsit also sought to find out if there is evidence linking tenure rights to poverty reduction and how land tenure rights governance systems affect their livelihoods. Suffice to say in both the animal kingdom and human world, territorial space and integrity, its demarcation as well as how resources are used within the space, given the area - calls for a - defined system of rights by the residents themselves. Whilst it is true that there is no one story about Zimbabweâs land reform (Scoones et al 2011), the contribution of this research towards insights emanating from the newly resettled farmers adds another invaluable contribution in the realm of rural development issues.
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Hajdu, Dora. "La gestion collective des droits des auteurs : ses formes imposées par la loi hongroise et française." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS107/document.
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Le mécanisme complexe qu’est la gestion collective a pour objectif de permettre l’exploitation licite des œuvres en y associant les auteurs. Elle peut ainsi être vue comme une forte contrepartie lors de la négociation des licences octroyées aux utilisateurs (avant tout professionnels), ainsi qu’un outil de suivi des utilisations grâce à la collecte et à la distribution des droits. Paradoxalement, la gestion collective constitue également une limitation, au sens large du terme, au monopole de l’auteur. Cette seconde caractéristique est d’ailleurs beaucoup plus marquée lorsque la gestion collective résulte de dispositions législatives.Notre thèse consiste donc en une réflexion sur l’ambiguïté de la gestion collective, laquelle se révèle particulièrement problématique dans les cas où la gestion collective est exigée par la loi. Cette technique de gestion est avant tout une limitation imposée au monopole de l’auteur en vue notamment de concilier ses intérêts avec ceux du public. Il y a lieu de mentionner cependant que l’introduction de la gestion collective par le législateur peut parfois s’avérer être le seul moyen d’exploitation des œuvres. Dans ce cas, la soumettre au régime propre des limitations aboutiraient à un résultat contraire à l’objectif visé.L’intérêt de ce sujet, et de cet angle de recherche particulier, tient également au fait que le législateur envisage la gestion collective comme une réponse à certaines questions du droit d’auteur contemporain, telles que l’utilisation des œuvres orphelines ou la numérisation des livres indisponibles. Il convient alors de démontrer les particularités du régime afférent à la gestion collective et de la positionner au sein du droit d’auteur. Ceci revêt une importance particulière car la notion de gestion collective, telle qu’elle résulte des lois française et hongroise n’est pas homogène. Elle englobe (i) la gestion collective obligatoire des droits exclusifs ainsi que (ii) la gestion collective des licences légales ou droits à rémunération, (iii) la gestion collective étendue et (iv) la gestion collective non étendue ouvrant un droit de sortie. Ainsi, il convient de traiter non seulement de la structure et du fonctionnement de la gestion collective, mais également et avant tout des droits patrimoniaux, afin de pouvoir démontrer l’intérêt de les gérer par le biais du système de gestion collective.Cette thèse est construite autour de l’analyse de la gestion collective régie par la loi française et hongroise, car ces deux pays disposent de systèmes juridiques différents au sein de la tradition civiliste. Ce travail illustre donc deux approches distinctes de la gestion collective imposée par la loi, ce qui a nécessité d’une part, l’étude de textes législatifs, de jurisprudences et de doctrines propres à ces deux pays, et d’autre part, l’analyse des textes régissant le droit d’auteur international et européen.Dans cette optique, la première partie est consacrée à la théorie générale de la gestion collective et aux limitations en droit d’auteur, et pose la question de la gestion collective comme limitation apportée aux droits de l’auteur. Nous concentrons ensuite notre attention sur la notion même de gestion collective imposée par la loi, de sorte à déterminer si la gestion collective peut être considérée comme une limitation au droit exclusif de l’auteur (deuxième partie) ou s’il s’agit simplement d’une garantie pour la mise en œuvre de ses droits (troisième partie)The complex mechanism of the collective management of copyrights seeks to facilitate lawful uses of protected works by associating the authors. It can therefore be seen as a strong asset when negotiating licenses granted to (mainly professional) users, and a useful mechanism for monitoring uses through the collection and distribution of license fees and levies. Paradoxically though, collective management imposes also a limitation on the exclusive rights of authors in the broad sense, because it restricts the exercise of economic rights. This latter feature is much more highlighted when the collective management proceeds from the initiative of the legislator.Our thesis is a reflection on the ambiguity of collective management of copyrights ordered by law. The collective exploitation of economic rights is first and foremost a restriction on the exclusive rights of the authors meant to reconcile their interests with those of the public. It should be mentioned, however, that the introduction of collective management by law may sometimes prove the only means of exploitation of works. In this case, the submission of the solution to the special regime of limitations would lead to a result that is contrary to the objective of the collective management.The aims of this specific research focus lies in the fact that the legislator is considering collective management as a response to some questions of today’s copyright law, such as the use of orphan works or digital uses of out-of-commerce books. It is in that sense essential to analyse the details of collective management as ordered by law, and its place within the wider copyright system. This is particularly important because the concept of collective management, as it results from French and Hungarian laws, is not uniform. It includes (i) the mandatory collective management of exclusive rights, (ii) the collective management of statutory licenses or rights to remuneration, (iii) extended collective management, and (iv) the collective management with possibility of opting out. It also means that one should not only examine the collective rights-management system, but the economic rights licensed by the collective management organisations in order to demonstrate the reasons for introducing this mechanism as well.The present thesis thus provides a comparative analysis of collective management as stated in French and Hungarian copyright laws, as these two countries belong to different legal traditions within the civil law system. Our work sheds light on two distinct approaches to the collective management of copyrights ordered by law, through the study of legislative texts, jurisprudence, and doctrines specific to these two countries, as well as the analysis of the texts governing the international and European Union copyright law.In this respect, the first part of our thesis is concentrates on the general theory of collective management and limitations in copyright, where we discuss whether collective management can be seen as a limitation placed on authors’ economic rights. The two main parts of the thesis then focus on the concept of collective management ordered by law to examine whether collective management might be considered a limitation to the exclusive rights of authors (second part) or a simple guarantee for exploiting these rights (third part)
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Mazzoni, Davide. "'Defending the rights'. An integrated model of collective action for "public water" in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4340/.
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In many communities, supplying water for the people is a huge task and the fact that this essential service can be carried out by the private sector respecting the right to water, is a debated issue. This dissertation investigates the mechanisms through which a 'perceived rights violation' - which represents a specific form of perceived injustice which derives from the violation of absolute moral principles – can promote collective action. Indeed, literature on morality and collective action suggests that even if many people apparently sustain high moral principles (like human rights), only a minority decides to act in order to defend them. Taking advantage of the political situation in Italy, and the recent mobilization for "public water" we hypothesized that, because of its "sacred value", the perceived violation of the right to water facilitates identification with the social movement and activism. Through five studies adopting qualitative and quantitative methods, we confirmed our hypotheses demonstrating that the perceived violation of the right to water can sustain activism and it can influence vote intentions at the referendum for 'public water'. This path to collective action coexists with other 'classical' predictors of collective action, like instrumental factors (personal advantages, efficacy beliefs) and anger. The perceived rights violation can derive both from personal values (i.e. universalism) and external factors (i.e. a mobilization campaign). Furthermore, we demonstrated that it is possible to enhance the perceived violation of the right to water and anger through a specifically designed communication campaign. The final chapter summarizes the main findings and discusses the results, suggesting some innovative line of research for collective action literature.
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Malkani, Bharat. "The judicial use of non-domestic human rights law." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520220.
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Mayua, Jim Nzonguma. "Human rights and jus Cogens: Questioning the use of normative hierarchy theory in human rights law." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4718.
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A Jus cogens is a hierarchically superior norm 'from which no derogation is permitted'. This peremptory norm suggests that there is a hierarchy among rules relating to international law. As such the recent trend of placing human rights norms in the catalogue of jus cogens has had a significant impact on both domestic and international law. For instance, in Barcelona Traction, Light and power Co, Ltd (Belgium v Spain), the International Court of Justice (ICJ), when making a distinction between the obligation of states towards the international community as whole and those arising vis-Ñ -vis another state, held that the former are obligation erga omnes in view of their importance
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Shehata, Gamal Mohamed Mohamed. "Organisational learning and transformative capacity : leveraging collective knowledge." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11607/.
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Seventh, organisational learning is increasingly seen as a central source of a competitive advantage particularly for organisations faced with rapid changes and work in a competitive business environment. The case studies results provide exploratory insights on the ways by which participant companies leverage the capability for collective learning to a sustainable competitive advantage. This study adds to the organisational learning literature by proposing a framework that draws an analytical description for the way by which organisations leverage collective learning to sustainable business success. This evidence should be validated through a future rich empirical study. This framework serves as a general guideline for those wishing to carry out this study.
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Øien, Beate. "Revisiting Foreign Direct Investment and Collective Labor Rights : Replicating "the positive case" of economic globalization." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13777.
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May, David Keith. "Individual and collective human rights| The contributions of Jacques Maritain, Gustavo Gutierrez, and Martha Nussbaum." Thesis, The Florida State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3564926.
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Abstract The proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations on December 10, 1948 gave birth to the contemporary human rights movement. Despite the worldwide influence the idea of human rights has enjoyed, the concept of human rights has been plagued by a number of criticisms. Among the most pervasive and persistent criticisms of human rights are that they represent an individualist viewpoint, and they are a relative product of Western society that are hardly universal. One purpose of this dissertation is to challenge these criticisms. However, in recent decades the idea of human rights has been expanded past its original individual focus to incorporate the idea of collective, or group rights. The juxtaposition of universal, individual rights with particular, collective rights raises anew the issues of individualism and universalism in the human rights debate. In this dissertation, I compare the work of the French Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain, the Peruvian theologian Gustavo Gutiérrez, and the American philosopher Martha Nussbaum in order to yield a contextually sensitive natural law approach to human rights that will serve as a common justificatory basis for individual and collective human rights. This common justificatory basis is capable of addressing the questions of individualism and universalism generated by the theoretical tensions generated by the juxtaposition of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), which enshrines individual, universal rights, and the more recent United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007), which enshrines more particularistic, group rights.
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RIBEIRO, SAMANTHA SOUZA DE MOURA. "THE DYNAMICS OF COLLECTIVE RIGHTS FROM THE SELF-COMPREHENSION OF THE DEMOCRATIC STATE OF LAW." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10183@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORCom o início da consolidação do Estado Democrático de Direito, de orientação liberal e individualista, ficou claro que o ideário liberal da igualdade e da liberdade trouxe a garantia formal de direitos fundamentais que, na prática não eram assegurados a todos. Iniciou-se, então, um movimento de crítica a esse modelo de estado que seria individualista e voltado apenas ao estímulo dos interesses egoístas de seus cidadãos. Nesse contexto surgiu a idéia dos direitos coletivos cuja titularidade é atribuída a um grupo de pessoas. O presente trabalho pretende discutir o problema conceitual dos direitos coletivos diante da estrutura liberal do Estado Democrático de Direito. Serão analisados: a origem das críticas ao cunho individualista da teoria liberal, a retomada da idéia de identidades coletivas, a relação entre direitos individuais e direitos coletivos e os diferentes entendimentos sobre os direitos coletivos e sobre a teoria liberal do estado democrático de direito. Por fim, serão procuradas as formas de tornar os direitos coletivos compatíveis com o modelo de Estado Democrático de Direito, de forma que possam servir à auto-realização dos indivíduos, sem a necessidade de subversão de toda a teoria do direito, pensada com base em um modelo subjetivista e individualista.
The consolidation of the democratic state of law, based on a liberal and individualist doctrine, had made clear that the liberal ideas about freedom and equality were not enough to really assure the fundamental rights for everybody. This perception has begun a critical moment. The democratic state standard was considered too individualistic and was seen as an encouragement to self-centered interests. At this point, the idea of collective rights has emerged. Though, I intend to discuss the concept of collective rights, considering the structure of the liberal democratic state of law. I will analyze: the origin of the criticism about the liberal theory´s individualistic basis; the idea of collective identities; the relation between individual rights and collective rights and the different comprehensions about the collective rights and the democratic state of law, in a liberalist view. Finally, I intend to look for means to make collective rights compatible with the democratic state of law, in a way that makes possible for people to achieve happiness and make also possible to keep valid the modern theory of rights, based on an individualistic and subjectivist model.
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Martin, Elisabeth. "Young people's use of rights discourse in their moral judgements." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271204.
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Darnell, Melissa Liberty. "Rethinking empowerment: Collective action as intervention with women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3401.
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This study explores women's feelings of empowerment that result from participating in collective action events. The study contributes to the growing body of social work scholarship on empowerment practice by identifying and describing the specific variables that may contribute to or enhance empowerment feelings in women as a result of collective action participation.
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Oliphant, Lukhanyo Shane. "The right to engage in collective bargaining." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19463.
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The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (LRA) was formulated by consensus from Government, Labour and Business. The advent of the new democratic dispensation brought with it the need to bring reforms to the country’s repressive labour laws, which were the hallmarks of the former apartheid regime. The new democratic dispensation’s priority was to ensure that the laws governing the employment relationship were again in line, with the International Labour Organization’s requirements (ILO). The consolidation of the country’s labour laws became critical for the new democratic dispensation because it became imperative that labour laws, once and for all became inclusive of all South Africa’s working force. During this post democratic period South Africa has been able to bring this consolidation to our regulatory framework through democratizing labour relations. This has meant that all organized workers for the first time after 1995, could have access to collective bargaining. South Africa has also enjoyed a period of relative labour stability during this period but only until recently, has the institution of collective bargaining been under the severest attack. This contestation in this labour regime is about the constitutional right to engage in collective bargaining. It has become of paramount importance to understand the meaning of this right to engage in collective bargaining, how far does this right extend to organized employees and most importantly what are now the impediments to the realization of this right? This is a broad and a very important topic in our labour law jurisprudence. The rationale for this treatise is to articulate the right to engage in collective bargaining, amid recent developments. At the same time to probe whether or not a justiciable duty to bargain in good faith (legally enforceable duty), should be reintroduced in our collective bargaining framework. This would be an option in reestablishing this institution in the face of insurmountable challenges, particularly as far as managing the conduct of bargaining parties during the collective bargaining process. The LRA does not envision such a legally enforceable duty to bargain in our labour relations framework, preferring rather apolicy based on voluntarism. The LRA has instead created a legally recognized framework were bargaining parties, determine their own collective process, without undue interference from the state and the courts. This has been the position since the inception of the new democratic order.Times have changed constitutional challenges have been mounting against provisions of the LRA, which have been deemed by some as unconstitutional. This is reference to the inaccessibility of the collective bargaining process; relating directly to the right to engage in collective bargaining.The disjuncture between the Constitution and the enabling legislation the LRA will also be scrutinized, as the result has been confusion regarding the meaning and the application of this constitutional right to engage in collective bargaining.
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Solé, Truyols Montserrat. "Pension rights as fundamental rights: a comparative analysis of the old age pensions prospects in Norway and Spain on grounds of collective labour conditions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456477.
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The link between pensions and work is established at human rights
level through social security contributions. The extent to which this
link is strengthen is set in the national designs of social security
systems that on their turn reflect the values to which each society
adheres as well as the institutional contexts in which the systems are
embedded.
The project compares Norwegian and Spanish collective bargaining
models from this institutional perspective and critically analyses
their respective ability to secure appropriate working conditions that
can ensure the financing of the systems and the return of adequate
pension benefits at old age. The study is complemented with the
transversal analysis of the EU’s law and policies impact in each
institutional framework and ultimately on the collective bargaining
model.La relació entre pensions i treball, establerta a nivell de drets humans per mitjà de les contribucions a la seguretat social es materialitza en el disseny dels respectius sistemes a nivell nacional. Aquests reflecteixen d’una banda els valors amb els quals la societat s’identifica i de l’altra, el context institucional en el que es troben inserits. El projecte compara els models de negociació col·lectiva des d’aquesta perspectiva institucional i n’analitza de manera crítica la capacitat respectiva per respondre amb unes condicions de treball aptes per garantir el finançament del sistema i el nivell adequat de beneficis de les pensions. L’estudi es completa amb l’anàlisi transversal dels efectes que les polítiques i el marc legal de la EU, tenen sobre els diferents contexts institucionals i per tant sobre la negociació col·lectiva.
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Bednarz, Tobias. "Diversity in online music : a European Union debate on cultural diversity and the collective management of authors' rights." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33294.
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facilitated the licensing of music to the benefits of right holders and commercial users alike. In the online realm, however, the rationale of the collective administration of copyright has been challenged and its functioning re-configured. At a moment in time where the Internet has made the cross-border distribution of recorded music easier than ever, right holders are yet to find licensing solutions appropriate for multi- territorial online uses. This, in turn, slows down the uptake of legal online music services and prevents the realisation of the Digital Single Market, pursued within the EU. The European Commission has intervened twice, first in 2005 in the form of a non-binding Recommendation, and later in 2008, when it held that the collecting societies' practice of restricting their activities to their respective domestic territory was anti-competitive. Arguably, the contradictory effects of EU action have exacerbated rather than remedied the existing difficulties that cross-border online music services face in clearing the necessary authors' rights. This thesis proposes to re-contextualise this problem around cultural diversity, which is a recurring buzzword in the ongoing debates and which EU institutions are legally obliged to promote and to respect. Despite this seeming acknowledgment of the concept, no sound legal analysis of its scope or its implications for the field of online music has yet been proposed. Pursuing such analysis, this thesis first examines the meaning of cultural diversity under EU law to submit an understanding of it as intercultural pluralism. It then assesses the boundaries of the EU obligation to promote cultural diversity in view of the goals of the UNESCO Convention on the Promotion and Protection of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. An analysis of the relationship between the two sets of norms suggests interpreting the EU mandate of promoting cultural diversity in light of the scope of the international obligations wherever EU action affects cultural creations. Applied to the context of online music, this novel interpretation implies that cultural diversity is promoted if all groups within the EU (a) have the ability to express their cultural identity through online music; and (b) are in a position to access online music expressing different cultures from within and outside the EU. Cultural diversity thus calls for the licensing regime to be reorganised so that online music services may, in a simple and effective way, clear the rights necessary for the online use of the entire available EU repertoire as well as a diverse foreign and, ideally, the entire worldwide repertoire. Finally, this thesis assesses the current online licensing mechanisms in a practical application of these findings, testing the commonly raised argument that collective rights management promotes cultural diversity and investigating, in parallel, whether the practical consequences of the EU interventions have promoted the diversity of online music.
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Ingiyimbere, Fidèle. "Domesticating Human Rights: A Reappraisal of their Cultural-Political Critiques and their Imperialistic Use." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106875.
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Thesis advisor: David M. RasmussenFollowing the idea that human rights are anchored in many cultures and find their support in many traditions, the contemporary human rights corpus is a fruit of a long history whose roots can be traced back to different societies in addressing the universal questions of injustice. If one adopts such a historical evolution of human rights, their universality might be affirmed on the assumption that they are coexistent to every human society. This view is, however, challenged by scholars who claim that the current human rights regime does not owe anything to other cultures, since they are essentially Western. The consequence of such an understanding touches the heart of the human rights’ perennial question concerning their universality, and it is the source of the Third World’s critiques. Indeed, if conceptually, culturally and historically, human rights are Western, how do they become universal? This question was first raised by the American Anthropological Association in its now well-known 1947 statement, even before the existing human rights instruments were framed. Today, it has been taken up by some Third World critics. For them, human right movement is an imperialistic swirl of Western liberalism upon other societies under the banner of United States of America that has replaced the former European imperialistic powers such as France and United Kingdom. According to these critics, there is no other area where human rights are imperialistically used by the West than in the so-called humanitarian intervention. Usually evoked as an urgent need to protect human rights, humanitarian intervention is seen as another name for the neo-colonialism in the Third World, as it is carried out by Western Powers against states in the Third World. Two challenges arise from these views. On the one hand, because of their Western origin, human rights are decried as Western and, therefore, they should not be imposed on other cultures. On the other hand, their imperialistic use by the West is an acute difficulty stemming from the global political context after the fall of Communism as a competing ideology with liberalism in 1990s. These challenges affect the theoretical justification as well as the implementation of human rights. For, according to the critics, human rights are purposely framed in liberal terms because they have to pursue and advance the Western project of conquering the whole world. Therefore, they claim, the actual spread of Western liberalism under human rights label is neither incidental nor accidental; it is a continuation of the Western imperialism which started long ago with economic exploitation, slavery and colonization of the rest of the world. Human rights is only a neutral term to translate the same reality. To those who reply that the contemporary human rights regime, starting with Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is a fruit of an international group with a diverse background, the critics respond that all of them were trained in the Western culture. And if one presents the role of the local human rights activists in the non-Western world, the critics consider them as Western mercenaries in local colors. That is why, while it springs from the cultural critique, the imperialistic challenge to human rights is a serious one because it attacks the human rights regime in its purpose and in its practice. It does not reject human rights only because they are extrinsic to the non-Western culture –cultural relativism—; rather, human rights are rejected because they are channels of oppression and exploitation as was and has always been the Western imperialism. The question now is: what do human rights become in this case? Is it possible to rescue them from both the cultural critics and imperialistic crusaders? Such a project would aim at maintaining and affirming their historicity as Western, yet showing that they are open to the possibility of being practiced in other cultures and other contexts. That it is the goal of this dissertation whose thesis is that, by domesticating human rights we retrieve the purpose of human rights of protecting and enhancing human dignity and, at the same time, it becomes possible to satisfactorily address the cultural and imperialistic challenges. Indeed, instead of thinking that people adopt and use human rights discourse because they like their individualistic side, the domestication of human rights pays attention to the process through which human rights as moral norms are incorporated in local cultures. Relying on the anthropological works that focus on the way human rights norms are integrated in different cultural contexts, this project endeavors to build a normative account of human rights based on these local practices. Philosophically speaking, domestication of human rights takes up Beitz’s insight of human rights as an emerging practice, and brings it to the beneficiaries of human rights purpose, instead of remaining at the legal level where only states are accepted as credible interlocutors, while they are the most suspected violators of human rights
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy
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Fariss, Christopher J. Meernik James D. "Human rights and the strategic use of US foreign food aid." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5184.
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Zuta, Jehona. "Minority Rights in Macedonia : - The Right to Use a Minority Language." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259451.
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Tian, Li. "Betterment and compensation under the land use rights system of China." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614302.
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Asaaga, Festus Atribawuni. "Land rights, tenure security and sustainable land use in rural Ghana." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ca818c1-aba7-45d5-b823-de92099ce148.
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The return to the customary or integration of customary and statutory tenure systems to continue gain currency in both contemporary policy and academic discourses on land tenure as an alternative pathway towards enhancing security of access and tenure in the sub-Saharan African context. Central to the debates are issues concerning the relevance of customary land tenure arrangements and appropriate pathways to successfully engineer the process of harmonization toward improved tenure security whilst preserving of the communitarian principles of local tenure systems. Using two case studies in rural Ghana, this study investigated the prevailing land tenure arrangements, practices and socio-political dynamics that underpin them, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed for the successful adaptation of customary tenure rules and institutions into the statutory system towards improved tenure security and sustainable land management. The research employed a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods including interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires to collate and analyse data from sampled respondents in Kakum and Ankasa in southern Ghana. The results of the investigation revealed that contrary to the mainstream view that customary tenure arrangements are incapable of providing tenure security in the face on ongoing transformations, the perceived tenure security of respondents was generally high in the study areas. This notwithstanding, it was observed that the emerging patterns of access and control (occasioned by increasing land scarcity and commodification) have resulted in social differentiation and inequalities in land access and distribution amongst the poor and vulnerable members of the landholding groups including women and the youth. The research also showed that aside from tenure security, other important contextual factors including access to credit, modernised agricultural inputs and targeted extension service support significantly influence households' investment decisions regarding adoption of sustainable land management practices. These findings have far-reaching implications for current land tenure interventions aimed at harmonising customary and statutory tenure structures for improved tenure security and sustainable land management. Results of the investigation were used to develop a three-phase incremental framework on formalisation of customary land rights which could serve as bespoke framework to guide the design of land tenure intervention strategies and implementation towards addressing local tenure insecurity in the specific context of the study areas and sub-Saharan Africa generally. The major conclusion of the research is that balancing the market efficiency and social equity considerations is necessary and should be pursued under the ongoing land tenure reforms for inclusive and equitable outcomes at the local level. This derives from the fact that the existing tenurial challenges are complex and context-specific, equally requiring well-balanced and nuanced solutions to effectively address them.
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Fariss, Christopher J. "Human Rights and the Strategic Use of US Foreign Food Aid." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5184/.
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How does respect for human rights affect the disbursement of food aid by US foreign policymakers? Scholars analyzing foreign aid generally look at only total economic aid, military aid or a combination of both. However, for a more nuanced understanding of human rights as a determinant of foreign aid, the discrete foreign aid programs must be examined. By disentangling component-programs from total aid, this analysis demonstrates how human rights influence policymakers by allowing them to distribute food aid to human rights abusing countries. Consequently, policymakers can promote strategic objectives with food aid, while legally restricted from distributing other aid. The primary theoretical argument, which links increasing human rights abuse with increasing food aid, is supported by results from a Heckman model. This procedure models the two-stage decision-making process where foreign policymakers first, select countries for aid and then, distribute aid to those selected.
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Manea, Maria-Gabriela [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Rüland. "The constitution of collective identities and interregional human rights norms diffusion: analyzing human rights interactions and discourses in the EU-ASEAN relations and the ASEM process." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1236550250/34.
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Šeškaitis, Rytis. "Atlikėjų teisių kolektyvinis administravimas. Dabartis ir perspektyva." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080129_111543-68278.
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Darbo tema – atlikėjų teisių kolektyvinis administravimas. Dabartis ir perspektyva.
Atlikėjų teisių apsauga yra palyginti naujas reiškinys. Atlikėjų teisių atsiradimas siejamas su XX a. pradžioje atsiradusiomis naujomis technologijomis, leidusiomis gyvus atlikimus pakeisti atlikimo įrašais. Atlikėjai siekė kontroliuoti savo atlikimus ir reikalavo teisių šiems atlikimams apsaugoti.
Atlikėjų teisės yra fundamentalios. Jomis ne tik užtikrinama atlikėjų turtinių interesų apsaugą, šios teisės taip pat skatina ir palaiko kūrybingumą bei bendrą visos visuomenės kultūros raidą.
Nemažai nacionalinių ir tarptautinių teisės aktų garantuoja atlikėjams jų teises. Svarbiausi iš jų: 1961 m. Romos konvencija, 1996 m. PINO Atlikimų ir fonogramų sutartis bei ES direktyvos.
Atlikėjų teisių kolektyvinio administravimo organizacijos – tai jų narių (teisių turėtojų) įsteigtos, dažniausiai pelno nesiekiančios organizacijos. Pagrindinis šių organizacijų tikslas yra surinkti ir paskirstyti teisių turėtojams priklausanti atlyginimą už įvairių jų turtinių teisių panaudojimą.
Darbo tikslas – atsižvelgiant į istorines raidos aplinkybes, išsamiai išanalizuoti dabartinį atlikėjų teisių kolektyvinio administravimo reglamentavimą tiek tarptautiniu, tiek regioniniu lygiu. Remiantis analize atsakoma į klausimą ar atlikėjų teisių reglamentavimas bei šių teisių kolektyvinis administravimas šiandieninėje situacijoje yra pakankamas atlikėjų turtiniams interesams apsaugoti.
Siekiant tikslo darbe analizuojamas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The topic of this paper is Collective Management of Performers' Rights. Nowadays and Future Perspective. The issue of the performers' neighbouring rights is relatively new. It emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century, particularly as a result of technical developments when recordings began to be substitute for live performances. Performers have sought to keep control of their performances by claiming rights to protect them. These rights are fundamental: they secure not only an ingome for performers but also foster the maintenance and the development of creation and culture in the interest of society as a whole. Many national laws and certain international normative texts (Rome Convention of 1961, WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty of 1996 and European Directives) Performers collecting societies are associations of rightholders. They are set up to collect and distribute royalties for rightsholders on a collective basis. Collective management societies of performers are generally non profit organisations based on collective agreements in certain cases. The goal of this paper is a thorough analysis of current regulation of performers rights' collective administration in both international and regional levels taking into consideration the circumstances of historical development. Based on the analysis it will answer the question whether the regulation and collective administration of performers' rights today is sufficient to protect performers' financial interests... [to full text]
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Seymour, Lisa Ann. "Collective Rape: The Continued Victimization of Women in the International System." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1291008745.
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Bådagård, William. "A Critique of Anna Stilz' Fair-use Proviso : The normative significance of future generations in matters of territorial rights." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för praktisk filosofi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416345.
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In this essay, I will examine the theory of territorial rights developed by Anna Stilz. The overarching project of hers is to defend a system of territorially sovereign states, the defense of which is grounded in the natural rights of individuals to personal autonomy and self-preservation. She begins her theoretic project by arguing for the plausibility of the preinstitutional occupancy right, intended to grant individuals usage-rights over the earth, existing irrespective of social or moral conventions, formally defined as follows: “Occupancy Rights. A person has a preinstitutional right to occupy a particular area if (1) access to spaces in that area is fundamental to his located life plans and (2) his connection to the territory was established without any wrongdoing on his part, involving (at a minimum) no expulsion or wrongful interference with prior occupants or infringement of others’ claims to an equitable distribution of geographical space.” The condition of equitable distribution expresses a concern for proportionality. It seems as if Stilz believes that no territorial holding will be legitimate unless it is of an appropriate scale, with regard to the holdings of others. This condition is referred to by Stilz as the fair-use proviso. The fair-use proviso concerns the occupancy claims made by individuals. Stilz also introduces conditions for a legitimate global distribution of territory, named as the full proviso. Stilz’ defines the full proviso as follows: (conditions for a legitimate global distribution of territory): “The full proviso hold that a just distribution of the earth’s spaces must (i) satisfy everyone’s basic territorial interests and (ii) grant groups with shared practice-based interests the right to use geographical space in ways that reflect these interests, so long as the groups are of sufficient size, and so far as this is institutionally feasible.” For an individual occupancy claim to be legitimate is simply that it is consistent with the conditions for a legitimate global distribution of territory, i.e. the full proviso. The full proviso and the fair-use proviso are thus inseparable parts of a whole. In what follows, if not specified otherwise, I will alternate in referring to the fair-use proviso as the fair-use proviso or simply the proviso. The full proviso will always be italicized when discussed. The purpose of this essay is to investigate whether the fair-use proviso is satisfying in the face of some criticism. In completing this task, I will draw on an objection put forth by Lea Ypi. The objection as formulated by her is not in direct response to Stilz, however I believe we might draw on her work to formulate a powerful objection from scarcity to Stilz’ fair-use proviso. The question at stake in this essay is thus if the objection of scarcity is successful against Stilz’ fair-use proviso.
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Barnable, Tara A. "Use rights in community management, case studies of a Scotia Fundy experiment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ49310.pdf.
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Akhter, Tasneem. "The role of property rights for land degradation and land use conflicts." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16285.
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Bodendegradation ist ein wachsendes Problem von Pakistan, die Biomasse Verlust verursacht und hat einen schlechten Einfluss auf die Wirtschaft des Landes. Nordöstlich von der Provinz Punjab, die berühmt für die Reisanbau ist, leidet auch mit diesem Problem. Zusammen mit einigen anderen Gründen, sind institutionelle Aufbau in den Regionen und der Landnutzungsänderungen der Hauptgründe für diesen Abbau. Obwohl das Land ist, die privaten Eigentümern, aber wegen der Störung der bestehenden Eigentumsrechte und die jüngste Stadterweiterung in der Region hat interfamiliären Konflikte zwischen Grundbesitzern im Zusammenhang mit Entfremdung Land provoziert. Diese Konflikte haben ein Potenzial von gefährden ländlichen Setup und der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion des Landes. Das Ziel der Studie ist es, diese Konflikte Ansatz, den Schwerpunkt auf die Notwendigkeit des institutionellen Wandels für die Nutzung von landwirtschaftlichen degradierten Flächen und mögliche Governance-Struktur für Land Umwandlung in Pakistan. Die Organe der Sustainability Framework von Hagedorn et al (2002) wird verwendet werden, und einige politische Empfehlungen gehen abgeleitet werden.Land degradation is a growing problem of Pakistan, which causes biomass loss and has a bad effect on the economy of the country. Northeast of Punjab province, which is famous for the rice cultivation, is also suffering with this problem. Along with some other reasons, institutional setup in the regions and the land-use change are the main reasons of this degradation. Although the land is owned by private owners, but because of the malfunctioning of existing property rights and the recent urban expansion in region has provoked interfamily conflicts between landowners related to land alienation. These conflicts have a potential of jeopardising rural setup and agriculture production of the country. The aim of the study is to approach these conflicts, focus on the need of institutional change for the use of agricultural degraded lands and possible governance structure for land conversion in Pakistan. The Institutions of Sustainability Framework of Hagedorn et al (2002) will be employed and some policy recommendations are going to be derived
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Green, Christopher Terrence. "An analysis of the use of limited real rights in tax planning." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/809.
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The aim of this treatise is to provide an analysis of the tax implications of making use of limited real rights in tax planning. In order to understand the tax implications of making use of limited real rights it is necessary to understand the nature and legal form of these rights. The importance of this understanding lies in the determination of the tax legislation applicable to the right in question, and the subsequent tax implications. The next step in working through an analysis of the tax implications of making use of limited real rights is therefore to define the scope of applicable legislation. This required an analysis of the scoping provisions of our tax legislation. Once the scope of applicable legislation had been defined, it was then possible to move onto an analysis of the application of the legislation identified to the various “stages” of limited real rights. The conclusion from this analysis is that the tax implications of making use of limited real rights are spread fairly broadly across several different pieces of legislation, and need to be carefully and fully considered when making a decision to make use of limited real rights in a tax planning strategy. The conclusion on the analysis of certain selected tax planning strategies that make use of limited real rights is that it is possible to make fairly substantial cash flow savings when deciding to implement a particular strategy which makes use of limited real rights. But, that use of these strategies is not without risk. For example, SARS may examine a particular strategy in terms of the “new” GAAR. The financial implications of the successful application of the GAAR may be disastrous to the taxpayer, and the tax planner will need to have considered and advised on the possibility of such a challenge from SARS. In addition, in some of the strategies, there are risks associated with the anticipated life expectancy of parties to the tax plan being shorter than anticipated. The conclusion is that the use of limited real rights in tax planning can be effective and provide savings, but that the use of such a strategy requires, inter alia, a very careful consideration of the interaction and application of our tax legislation to the strategy.