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Journal articles on the topic 'Colletotrichum'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 June 2024

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1

Shivangi S. Kansara, M. Sruthy. "Effect of Culture Filtrates of Dominant Seed Mycoflora of Chilli on Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1103.021.

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Effect of culture filtrates of most common and dominant fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp. of chilli seed variety GVC 101 and GVC 111 was studied on seed germination, seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight and vigour index.In GVC 101 variety, the seeds treated with culture filtrate of A. niger showed maximum decrease in seed germination (43.35%) followed by Colletotrichumsp. (20.23%) and Fusarium sp. (9.83%). Average seedling length was also decreased maximum in seeds treated with culture filtrate of A. niger (43.70%) followed by Colletotrichum sp. (40.22%) and Fusarium sp. (23.91%). Seeds treated with culture filtrate of A. niger showed maximum reduction of vigour index by 68.09 per cent followed by Colletotrichum sp. (52.31%) and Fusarium sp. (31.34%). In GVC 111 variety, the seeds treated with culture filtrate of A. niger showed maximum decrease in seed germination (35.12%) followed by Colletotrichum sp. (17.89%) and Fusarium sp. (15.12%). Average seedling length was also decreased maximum in seeds treated with culture filtrate of A. niger (61.14%) followed by Colletotrichum sp. (36.64%) and Fusarium sp. (25.54%). Seeds treated with culture filtrate of A. niger showed maximum reduction of vigour index by 74.73 per cent followed by Colletotrichumsp. (47.91%) and Fusarium sp. (36.73%).
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2

Golovin, S. E., and E. V. Kharitonova. "Infestation of red currant berries and its varieties by fungi of genus Colletotrichum Sacc. in Russia." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2022-1-31-37.

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Some species of parasitic fungi from the genus Colletotrichum afflict the vegetative organs of a plant, while the others affect the reproductive organs. This results in the deterioration of berry quality and yield and the potential death of a plant. Colletotrichum fungi causing anthracnose in the red currant berry were first isolated in Russia from the fruits of red currant (Ribes rubrum) and its varieties received from the Moscow, Yaroslavl and Kostroma regions and the Mari El Republic. The susceptibility of these crop varieties depended on the infection potential of Colletotrichums pp. in the plantings and weather conditions. Infestation symptoms include wrinkled fruit that develops during berry ripening. Species of this pathogen are preserved within mummy berries and dry clusters on the branches. The flowers were infected under the conditions of the Moscow Region in the first decade of May 2021; under the conditions of continental climate in the Mari El Republic, visual symptoms of the disease were absent within this period; however, the pathogen had already been present in the plantations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the pathogens behave as biotrophs when infecting red currant. The results of morphological and molecular genetic analyses showed that two species of the genus Colletotrichum parasitise on red currant in the Moscow region: Colletotrichum godetiae Neerg., Friesia and Colletotrichum fioriniae Marcelino&Gouli.
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3

Sopialena. "Test Of The Effectiveness Of Antagonic Fungi In The Control Of Colletotrichum Mushrooms In Tomato Plants (Lycopersicum esculentum L.). In Vitro." Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 9, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/ajip.v9i2.980.

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This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of several antagonistic fungi (Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Gliocladium sp., And Rhizopus sp) in controlling the pathogenic Colletotrichumsp. fungi from tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). in vitro. The research was carried out for 2 (two) months at the Laboratory of Pest and Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University. This research was compiled using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 (four) treatments, namely Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Gliocladium sp., And Rhizopus sp. Each treatment was repeated 10 times. Data analysis using Analysis of variance and if the results are obtained significantly different then further tested using the Least Significant Difference. The results showed that the most effective antagonistic fungus suppressed the growth of the pathogen Colletotrichum sp. is Gliocladium sp. and Trichoderma sp., meanwhile the antagonist fungus Rhizopus sp., which is less effective in suppressing the growth of the fungus Colletotrichum sp., and the fungus Penicillium sp., are the most ineffective fungi in suppressing the growth of the pathogenic Colletotrichum sp. Key words: Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Gliocladium sp., And Rhizopus sp., Colletotrichum sp., Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) Keywords :Pyricularia oryza Cav., Endophyte fungi, Antagonistic mechanim
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4

Shamsi, Shamim, and Najmun Naher. "Disease severity and mycoflora associated with anthracnose on leaves of five angiosperms." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific Research 28, no. 2 (February 22, 2016): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v28i2.26781.

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Severe anthracnose symptom was recorded on the leaves of five angiosperms during September to November, 2010. In total nine species of fungi belonging to four genera of the class deuteromycetes and a sterile fungus were found to be associated with the infected leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, Datura metel L., Gossypium hirsutum L. and Vigna sinensis L. The associated fungi were Aspergillus flvaus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. nidulans (Eidam) G. Winter, A. niger van Tiegh, Cercospora sp., Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby, Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove, Colletotricum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc., Curvularia clavata Jain, and a sterile fungus.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 28(2): 103-111, Dec-2015
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5

Sopialena, Sopialena, Muhammad Alexander Mirza, and Rani Soraya. "Influence of biopesticides on growth (Colletotrichum capsici Sydow) Causes Antraknosa In Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)." Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab 2, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.35941/jatl.2.2.2020.3222.105-110.

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ABSTRACK.This research aims to determine the influence of some plant extracts that are potentially as biopesticides on the growth and development of the mushroom Colletotrichum, Sydow and to know plant extracts that are able to suppress The growth and development of Colletotrichum's Capsisi Sydow. The study was conducted from March to April 2019, In the laboratory of Pest and disease grow Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University. The method used is to use complete random draft (RAL) with 5 treatment that is potato dextrose so that, agar dextrose betel leaf, agar dextrose papaya leaves, so that the Dextrose lengbrush, agar dextrose garlic and repeated 10 times.The results showed the administration of betel leaf plant extracts, papaya leaves, galangal, and garlic has a prospect to be developed as a biopesticides to control mushrooms Colletotrichum capsici Sydow Cause of the antraknosa chili Peppers. The medium with betel leaf extract is the most effective extract to suppress the growth and development of Colletotrichum's capside of Sydow.
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6

SILVEIRA, AMANDA LETÍCIA DA, JULIANA STRACIERI, FERNANDA DIAS PEREIRA, ANDRESSA DE SOUZA, and ANTONIO DE GOES. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO MOLECULAR DE ISOLADOS DE Colletotrichum spp. ASSOCIADOS A PODRIDÃO FLORAL DOS CITROS." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 38, no. 1 (February 2016): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-041/15.

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RESUMO A podridão floral dos citros (PFC) é uma importante doença dessa cultura, responsável por elevadas perdas de produção. Normalmente, essa doença mostra-se limitante quando ocorrem prolongados períodos chuvosos durante o florescimento das plantas ou quando existe intenso molhamento foliar. Duas espécies de Colletotrichum estão associadas à doença: C. acutatum e C. gloeosporioides. Entretanto, recentemente, tem-se verificado que, mesmo sob condições não tão propícias, a doença tem ocorrido com relativa frequência, suspeitando-se do envolvimento de outras espécies de Colletotrichumou de novas condições de adaptação das espécies descritas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar se há ou não outra espécie de Colletotrichum associada a PFC e avaliar a viabilidade do emprego de marcadores moleculares ISSR na caracterização taxonômica de isolados de Colletotrichum spp. associados a sintomas de PFC em flores, assim como de tecidos foliares e frutos cítricos assintomáticos. Para tanto, foi empregada uma combinação de iniciadores específicos, levando em conta a região ITS e marcadores moleculares ISSR. Os marcadores ISSR mostraram-se eficientes na caracterização taxonômica dos isolados de Colletotrichum analisados. A população avaliada foi constituída apenas por C. acutatum e C. gloeosporioides, descartando o envolvimento de uma espécie adicional. Foi constatada alta diversidade genética entre os isolados analisados, o que também se mostra convergente quanto às diferenças fenotípicas observadas sob condições de campo. Entretanto, não foi encontrada relação quanto à origem e as espécies de Colletotrichum spp. associadas. De modo inédito, ainda que assintomaticamente, foi detectada a presença de um isolado de C. acutatum associado a frutos cítricos.
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7

Mariana, Mariana, Elly Liestiany, Fahmi Rizali Cholis, and Nazwan Syahbani Hasbi. "PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA CABAI OLEH Colletotrichum sp. DI LAHAN RAWA KALIMANTAN SELATAN." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 23, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jipi.23.1.30-36.

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[CHILLI ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE BY Colletotrichum sp. AT SWAMP LAND OF SOUTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE]. Anthracnose is one of the major economic constraints for chili production worldwide. This disease is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum sp. The yield loss reaches 50% - 100% in the rainy season. In swamps, the incidence of this disease begins to increase. As the basis for the integrated control of anthracnose, it is necessary to record disease incidence and identify pathogens that attack conditions in swampsThe disease intensity survey was conducted in Hiyung chilli cultivation of Hiyung village lowland and the tidal swamplands of Marabahan district. The method is using Purposive Random Sampling approach. The Koch’s Postulates is used to determined the cause of the disease. Identification of pathogens that cause anthracnose is carried out in laboratories and greenhouses. Determination of obtained pathogen’s type is using literature references. The results of this study indicate that Hiyung chilli in the Hiyung village lowland shows a fairly high incidence of disease – i.e 43.78%, moreover, the result of Marabahan district tidal swamplands is 29.29%. Three Colletotrichum species were found, namely Colletotricum truncatum, C. gleosporiedes and C. acutatum.
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8

Ritterband, David C., Mahendra Shah, and John A. Seedor. "Colletotrichum graminicola." Cornea 16, no. 3 (May 1997): 362???364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003226-199705000-00019.

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9

Fernandez, Viviana, Dilek Dursun, Darlene Miller, and Eduardo C. Alfonso. "Colletotrichum keratitis." American Journal of Ophthalmology 134, no. 3 (September 2002): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(02)01576-3.

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10

Hammerschmidt, R. "Resisting Colletotrichum." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 76, no. 1 (June 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2011.08.002.

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11

Kim, Dong-Kil, Sun-Chul Lee, Jin-Ho Kang, and Hee-Kyu Kim. "Colletotrichum Disease of Mungbean Sprout by Colletotrichum acutatum." Plant Pathology Journal 19, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.2003.19.4.203.

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12

Hamim, Islam, Syun-ichi Urayama, Osamu Netsu, Akemi Tanaka, Tsutomu Arie, Hiromitsu Moriyama, and Ken Komatsu. "Discovery, Genomic Sequence Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Novel RNA Viruses in the Turfgrass Pathogenic Colletotrichum spp. in Japan." Viruses 14, no. 11 (November 20, 2022): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112572.

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Turfgrass used in various areas of the golf course has been found to present anthracnose disease, which is caused by Colletotrichum spp. To obtain potential biological agents, we identified four novel RNA viruses and obtained full-length viral genomes from turfgrass pathogenic Colletotrichum spp. in Japan. We characterized two novel dsRNA partitiviruses: Colletotrichum associated partitivirus 1 (CaPV1) and Colletotrichum associated partitivirus 2 (CaPV2), as well as two negative single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses: Colletotrichum associated negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (CaNSRV1) and Colletotrichum associated negative-stranded RNA virus 2 (CaNSRV2). Using specific RT-PCR assays, we confirmed the presence of CaPV1, CaPV2 and CaNSRV1 in dsRNAs from original and sub-isolates of Colletotrichum sp. MBCT-264, as well as CaNSRV2 in dsRNAs from original and sub-isolates of Colletotrichum sp. MBCT-288. This is the first time mycoviruses have been discovered in turfgrass pathogenic Colletotrichum spp. in Japan. CaPV1 and CaPV2 are new members of the newly proposed genus “Zetapartitivirus” and genus Alphapartitivirus, respectively, in the family Partitiviridae, according to genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis. Negative sense ssRNA viruses CaNSRV1 and CaNSRV2, on the other hand, are new members of the family Phenuiviridae and the proposed family “Mycoaspirividae”, respectively. These findings reveal previously unknown RNA virus diversity and evolution in turfgrass pathogenic Colletotrichum spp.
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13

Svoboda, Thomas, Michael R. Thon, and Joseph Strauss. "The Role of Plant Hormones in the Interaction of Colletotrichum Species with Their Host Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 12454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212454.

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Colletotrichum is a plant pathogenic fungus which is able to infect virtually every economically important plant species. Up to now no common infection mechanism has been identified comparing different plant and Colletotrichum species. Plant hormones play a crucial role in plant-pathogen interactions regardless whether they are symbiotic or pathogenic. In this review we analyze the role of ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, auxin and salicylic acid during Colletotrichum infections. Different Colletotrichum strains are capable of auxin production and this might contribute to virulence. In this review the role of different plant hormones in plant—Colletotrichum interactions will be discussed and thereby auxin biosynthetic pathways in Colletotrichum spp. will be proposed.
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14

Norphanphoun, Chada, and Kevin D. Hyde. "First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola, C. rhizophorae sp. nov. and C. thailandica sp. nov. on Mangrove in Thailand." Pathogens 12, no. 12 (December 10, 2023): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121436.

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Colletotrichum, a genus within the phylum Ascomycota (Fungi) and family Glomerellaceae are important plant pathogens globally. In this paper, we detail four Colletotrichum species found in mangrove ecosystems. Two new species, Colletotrichum rhizophorae and C. thailandica, and a new host record for Colletotrichum fructicola were identified in Thailand. Colletotrichum tropicale was collected from Taiwan’s mangroves and is a new record for Rhizophora mucronata. These identifications were established through a combination of molecular analysis and morphological characteristics. This expanded dataset for Colletotrichum enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity within this genus and its associations with mangrove ecosystems. The findings outlined herein provide data on our exploration of mangrove pathogens in Asia.
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15

Liu, Jia-Wei, Ishara S. Manawasinghe, Xuan-Ni Liao, Jin Mao, Zhang-Yong Dong, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Yong-Xin Shu, and Mei Luo. "Endophytic Colletotrichum (Sordariomycetes, Glomerellaceae) species associated with Citrus grandis cv. “Tomentosa” in China." MycoKeys 95 (February 23, 2023): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.95.87121.

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Colletotrichum species are well-known plant pathogens, saprobes, endophytes, human pathogens and entomopathogens. However, little is known about Colletotrichum as endophytes of plants and cultivars including Citrus grandis cv. “Tomentosa”. In the present study, 12 endophytic Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from this host in Huazhou, Guangdong Province (China) in 2019. Based on morphology and combined multigene phylogeny [nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), chitin synthase 1 (chs-1), histone H3 (his3) actin (act), beta-tubulin (β-tubulin) and glutamine synthetase (gs)], six Colletotrichum species were identified, including two new species, namely Colletotrichum guangdongense and C. tomentosae. Colletotrichum asianum, C. plurivorum, C. siamense and C. tainanense are identified as being the first reports on C. grandis cv. “Tomentosa” worldwide. This study is the first comprehensive study on endophytic Colletotrichum species on C. grandis cv. “Tomentosa” in China.
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Chen, Xinggang, Lingyu Jiang, Anhua Bao, Changlin Liu, Junang Liu, and Guoying Zhou. "Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity and Biological Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose of Camellia yuhsienensis Hu in China." Forests 12, no. 12 (December 6, 2021): 1712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121712.

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Camellia yuhsienensis Hu, a species of tea oil tree with resistance to anthracnose, is widely used to breed disease-resistant Camellia varieties. In 2019, anthracnose symptoms were observed on Ca. yuhsienensis for the first time. However, the species and biological characteristics of Colletotrichum spp. isolated from Ca. yuhsienensis (YX-Colletotrichum spp.) have not been elucidated. In this study, five isolates (YX2-5-2, 2YX-3-1, 2YX-5-1, 2YX-8-1-1 and 2YX-8-1-2), which were consistent with the morphological characteristics of Colletotrichum spp., were obtained from Ca. yuhsienensis. A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that YX2-5-2, 2YX-3-1 and 2YX-8-1-2 belonged to first clade along with Colletotrichum fructicola. 2YX-8-1-1 belonged to the second clade along with Colletotrichum siamense. 2YX-5-1 belonged to the third clade with Colletotrichum camelliae. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the pathogenicity of YX-Colletotrichum spp. was stronger than that of Colletotrichum spp. isolated from Camellia oleifera (GD-Colletotrichum spp.). Biological characteristics illustrated that the mycelial growth of YX-Co. camelliae (2YX-5-1) was slower than that of GD-Co. camelliae when the temperature exceeded 20 °C. In addition, in the presence of ions, the mycelial growth of YX-Co. fructicola (YX2-5-2) and YX-Co. siamense (2YX-8-1-1) was also slower than that of GD-Co. fructicola and GD-Co. siamense. Furthermore, the ability of YX-Colletotrichum spp. to utilize lactose and mannitol was weaker than that of GD-Colletotrichum spp., while the ability to utilize NH4+ was generally stronger than that of GD-Colletotrichum spp. This is the first report of anthracnose of Ca. yuhsienensis induced by Co. fructicola, Co. siamense and Co. camelliae in China. These results will provide theoretical guidance for the study of the pathogenesis and control of anthracnose on Ca. yuhsienensis.
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17

Talhinhas, P. "Hosts of Colletotrichum." Mycosphere 14, si2 (2023): 158–261. http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/14/si2/4.

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18

Yang, Xia, Liuyan Wu, Li Fu, Pin Fu, Jiamin Zhu, Yuxue Zhao, and Jing Liu. "Metabolomics Study on the Resistance of Walnut Peel to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides under Prochloraz Treatment." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (June 28, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7613285.

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Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is highly harmful for walnut production in the world. To better control this disease, the inhibitory effects of 3 fungicides against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were determined, and the results showed that prochloraz had better inhibitory activity. Through comparative metabolomics analysis, 311 metabolites might be associated with the walnut peel response to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides under prochloraz treatment. Furthermore, we supposed that the phenylpropanoid pathway might be induced by prochloraz to resist Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection. In conclusion, the upregulated metabolites in the phenylpropanoid pathway might be related to synthesize lignin to further form a cell wall against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection.
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19

Golovin, S. E., F. F. Sazonov, M. B. Kopina, and E. V. Kharitonova. "Species identification of blackcurrant anthracnose agent Colletotrichum floriniae Marcelino & Gouli." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 4 (September 6, 2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2021-4-57-63.

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A first Russian isolate of the anthracnose fruit rot-causing Colletotrichum fungus was obtained from blackcur rant of Moscow and Bryansk regions. In the Bryansk Region, Colletotrichum sp. was isolated from berries of ten blackcur­ rant varieties, including Bagira, Mriya, Mriya-5, Selechenskaya, Litvinovskaya, Nadina, Nara, Yadrenaya, Sofievskaya and Ben Hopen. The Colletotrichum genus fungi were observed on Sadko and Bryanskiy Agat blackcurrants in the Moscow Region and on Dobrynya and Yadrenaya — at the Timiryazev Academy station in Moscow. Colletotrichum species endure mainly on mummified persistent blackcurrant berries in a viable form for over two years. Saprotrophic yeast-like fungiof the genera Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula largely compound the blackcurrant-infesting micromycete flora, aside to the hyphomycete Auerobasidium pullans and related genera Penicillium, Fusarium, Alternaria and Cladosporium. Some of these fungi are antagonistic to suppress the Colletotrichum genus fungi. A standard PCR sequencing was employed for the species identification of two Colletotrichum isolates from Bryansk and Moscow regions. Both isolates were found to represent the same species Colletotrichum fioriniae Marcelino & Gouli.
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WANG, QIUTONG, XIAOTING LIU, HAIYING MA, XIAOYE SHEN, and CHENGLIN HOU. "Colletotrichum yulongense sp. nov. and C. rhombiforme isolated as endophytes from Vaccinium dunalianum var. urophyllum in China." Phytotaxa 394, no. 4 (March 4, 2019): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.394.4.6.

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No species of Colletotrichum have been reported associated with Vaccinium dunalianum var. urophyllum, which is a significant medicinal plant in China. In this study, several endophytic strains were isolated from this host. Morphology and analysis of DNA sequences of nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) and seven other gene regions (GAPDH, CAL, ACT, CHS-1, HIS, GS, TUB2) revealed a new species, Colletotrichum yulongense and a previously described species, C. rhombiforme. Both Colletotrichum species are described. The diversity and broad distribution of the host, suggest the likelihood of other endophytic Colletotrichum species in V. dunalianum var. urophyllum and this requires further investigation. The pathogenicity of the Colletotrichum species isolated from V. dunalianum var. urophyllum also needs testing.
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Nuraini, Ayu Nindita, Aisyah, and Evan Purnama Ramdan. "SELEKSI BAKTERI RHIZOSFER TANAMAN RAMBUTAN SEBAGAI AGENS BIOKONTROL PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA CABAI (Capsicum annum L.)." Jurnal Pertanian Presisi (Journal of Precision Agriculture) 4, no. 2 (2020): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/jpp.2020.v4i2.2999.

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Cabai merupakan sayuran yang digemari masyarakat Indonesia. Kendala dalam budidaya cabai yaitu adanya infeksi penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan Colletotrichum sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri rizosfer yang dapat menekan pertumbuhan. Colletotrichum sp. Colletotrichum diisolasi dari buah cabai bergejala antraknosa, sedangkan bakteri rhizosfer diisolasi dengan teknik pengenceran dari sampel tanah di daerah perakaran tanaman rambutan. Populasi bakteri rhizosfer dihitung dan dikarakterisasi secara morfologi. Isolat bakteri rhizosfer diuji antibiosis dengan Colletotrichum dengan metoda uji dual culture, kemudian dihitung persentase daya penghambatangan. Isolat bakteri rhizosfer juga diuji potensi pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dengan cara merendam benih cabai pada suspensi bakteri semalaman. Selanjutnya benih cabai disemai pada baki semai. Tinggi tajuk dan panjang akar dihitung pada 14 hari setelah semai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahawa Colletotrichum yang berhasil diisolasi teridentifikasi sebagai C. acutatum, bakteri rhizobia diisolasi sebanyak 5 morfospesies dengan populasi bakteri 4.75 x 104 CFU/mL, penekanan pertumbuhan Colletotrichum sp. oleh bakteri rhizosfer sebesar 0.31-2.02%. Selain itu bakteri rhizosfer juga memiliki potensi sebagai agens pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman.
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22

Guarnaccia, Gilardi, Martino, Garibaldi, and Gullino. "Species Diversity in Colletotrichum Causing Anthracnose of Aromatic and Ornamental Lamiaceae in Italy." Agronomy 9, no. 10 (October 5, 2019): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100613.

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Species of Colletotrichum are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of host plants. In Italy, several Colletotrichum species have been reported in glasshouse environments. In this study, we have explored the occurrence, diversity, and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum spp. associated with aromatic and ornamental plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Surveys were carried out during the 2011–2018 period in Liguria and Piedmont, Italy. A total of 19 Colletotrichum isolates were collected from symptomatic leaves and seeds of Ocimum basilicum (basil), Origanum vulgare (oregano) and different Salvia spp. A multi-locus phylogeny was established based on the basis of four genomic loci (ITS, GAPDH, ACT and TUB2). The aggressiveness of selected, representative isolates were tested. Colletotrichum isolates were identified as being members of three major species complexes: C. acutatum, C. destructivum, and C. gloeosporioides. Colletotrichum fioriniae, C. bryonicola, and C. fructicola were found in association with leaf lesions on Salvia leucantha, S. nemorosa, and S. greggii, respectively. Colletotrichum nigrum was isolated from twig lesions of S. greggii. Moreover, C. fioriniae and C. ocimi were found to be responsible for causing leaf anthracnose of oregano and basil, respectively. All the tested isolates were pathogenic and reproduced identical symptoms to those observed in commercial glasshouses. The present study improves our understanding of Colletotrichum species associated with several hosts belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which are cultivated extensively throughout Italy for different purpose, and provides information that may be useful for an effective disease management program.
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Yang, Hui-Ching, James S. Haudenshield, and Glen L. Hartman. "Multiplex Real-time PCR Detection and Differentiation of Colletotrichum Species Infecting Soybean." Plant Disease 99, no. 11 (November 2015): 1559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-14-1189-re.

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Colletotrichum species are fungal plant pathogens of worldwide significance. Colletotrichum species were isolated from soybean with anthracnose symptoms in five states in the United States from 2009 to 2013. Among 240 isolates collected, four Colletotrichum species were initially identified by morphological and sequence analysis, including C. chlorophyti, C. incanum, C. truncatum, and Colletotrichum sp. (henceforth Glomerella glycines, the name of its sexual state). To increase diagnostic efficiency and accuracy, real-time multiplex PCR assays based on a double-stranded DNA-binding dye coupled with dissociation curve analysis were designed, using a region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene to discern these four Colletotrichum species. Two sets of duplex, real-time PCR assays were established and species differentiation was based upon amplicon melting point temperatures (Tm) in the dissociation curve analysis. The Set 1 duplex assay distinguished C. chlorophyti and G. glycines, and the Set 2 duplex assay distinguished C. incanum and C. truncatum. Successful detection was achieved with as little as 1 pg DNA. The assays were especially useful for differentiating C. chlorophyti, C. incanum, and C. truncatum, which have similar morphological features. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, another pathogen associated with soybean anthracnose, was not resolved from G. glycines by the melting curve analysis. The two duplex real-time PCR assays were used to screen more than 200 purified Colletotrichum isolates, showing that they were rapid and effective methods to detect and differentiate Colletotrichum species infecting soybean.
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PINEM, ALPIN JUAN HAGATA, DEWA NGURAH SUPRAPTA, and NI WAYAN SUNITI. "Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Trembesi (Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr) Untuk Menghambat Pertubuhan Jamur Colletotrichum sp. Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Pepaya (Carica Papaya)." Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science 13, no. 2 (May 31, 2023): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ajoas.2023.v13.i02.p05.

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Effectiveness of Rain Tree Leaf Extract (Samanea Saman (Jacq.) Merr) to Inhibit the Growth of the Fungus Colletotrichum sp. the Cause of Anthracnose Disease on Papaya (Carica papaya). Due to its high nutritional value and high economic value, papaya is a local fruit that is in great demand in the community. The production of papaya fruit fluctuates due to a number of factors, one of which is the fungus Colletotrichum sp., which causes anthracnose disease in papaya fruit. In most cases, synthetic fungicides are utilized to combat anthracnose. Reduce the use of synthetic fungicides and replace them with more environmentally friendly plant-based fungicides, such as those derived from plant extracts. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of rain tree (Samanea saman) leaf extract in inhibiting and controlling the growth of the anthracnose-causing fungus Colletotrichum sp. in papaya fruit. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of trembesi leaf extract against the fungus Colletotrichum sp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of trembesi leaf extract to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum sp. was determined to be 0,1%. The results of the colony test demonstrated that the trembesi leaf extract inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum sp. colonies. In vivo inhibition tests revealed that trembesi leaf extract could inhibit the growth of fungal colonies, prevent infection, and suppress the growth of Colletotrichum sp. The 2,5% extract concentration can prevent 66,22% of the damage caused by Colletotrichum sp. to papaya fruit.
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Zaitlin, Beryl, Eldon I. Zehr, and Ralph A. Dean. "Latent infection of peach caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 22, no. 3 (September 2000): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060660009500467.

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26

Chen, Zhenjia, Catarina F. Franco, Ricardo P. Baptista, Joaquim M. S. Cabral, Ana V. Coelho, Carlos J. Rodrigues, and Eduardo P. Melo. "Purification and identification of cutinases from Colletotrichum kahawae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 73, no. 6 (January 2007): 1306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0605-1.

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27

Arfiani, N., R. P. Riswan, I. S. Risnawati, N. Amin, Asman, Fatahuddin, and A. Nasruddin. "Reactions of several chili cultivars against Colletotrichum capsici and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1230, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012115.

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Abstract Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. is one of the most damaging chili diseases. The purpose of the current study was to determine the pathogenicity of two important pathogens of chili anthracnose disease, C. gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz. & Sacc. and C. capsici E.J. Butler & Bisby, on several chili cultivars in laboratory. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design in factorial. The first factor was chili cultivar: Gandewa, Lado, Laris, Pilar, Provost, Bhaskara, and Bara; and the second factor was inoculation method: wounding and non-wounding the fruits. The treated fruits were then incubated in room temperature. Symptom severity was assessed 48 h after the inoculation and every 24 h thereafter for a total of four observations. The results showed that for non-wounding inoculation, all cultivars were highly resistant against C. gloeosporioides and C. capsici with no symptom, except Gandewa was moderately susceptible to C. gloeosporioides. However, for the wounding inoculation, all cultivars were infected by both C. gloeosporioides and C. capsici with varying severity levels. Lado and Pilar were moderately resistant to C. gloeosporioides. For cultivar reaction against C. capsici, Gandewa, Lado, Laris, and Provost were moderately resistant, and the other cultivars were moderately susceptible.
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Yeasmin, Fatema, and Shamim Shamsi. "Phylloplane mycoflora of Gerbera spp. and their Pathogenic potentiality." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 37, no. 2 (January 5, 2014): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v37i2.17562.

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Two types of symptoms, blight and anthracnose, were recorded on two species of Gerbera viz. Gerbera aurantiaca L. and Gerbera viridifolia L. The most common fungal species isolated from Gerbera spp. were Alternaria citrii, A. tennuisssima, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Bipolaris hawaiiensis, Chaetomella raphigera, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Colletotrichum capsici, C. coffeanum, C. dematium, C. gleosporioides, C. lindemuthianum, C. musae, C. orbiculare, Colletorichum sp.1, Colletotrichum sp.2, Colletotrichum sp.3, Colletotrichum sp.4, Curvularia clavata, C. lunata, Fusarium nivale, F. semitectum, Phomopsis sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotia sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Trichoderma viride, one cleistothecial ascomycetes and one sterile fungus. The frequency percentage of association of Colletotrichum spp. with Gerbera spp. was higher than any other fungi. Bipolaris hawaiiensis is a new record for Bangladesh. Among the isolated fungi Alternaria citrii, A. tennuissima, Colletotrichum capcisi, C. dematium, C. coffeanum and Curvularia clavata were found to be pathogenic to Gerbera plant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v37i2.17562 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 2, 211-217, 2013
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Suyanto, Agus, Ismail Astar, Agnes Tutik Purwani Irianti, and Meta Amalia. "Pengaruh Peracunan Media dengan Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) pada Pertumbuhan Jamur Colletotrichum sp. Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Buah Kakao." Variabel 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/var.v4i2.2789.

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<em>Telah dilakukan penelitian peracunan media dengan asap cair pada pertumbuhan jamur Colletotrichum sp. penyebab busuk buah kakao, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi asap cair terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Colletotrichum sp. penyebab penyakit busuk buah kakao. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor tunggal dan parameter yang diamati adalah penekanan diameter koloni, kerapatan spora, dan daya kecambah. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi asap cair (A0 = Kontrol, A1 = asap cair 0,02%, A2 = asap cair 0,04%, A3 = asap cair 0,08%, A4 = asap cair 0,16%, A5 = asap cair 0,32%) diuji terhadap koloni jamur Colletotrichum sp. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian asap cair yang paling baik untuk menekan diameter koloni jamur Colletotrichum sp. adalah pada konsentrasi 0,32% dengan penghambatan pertumbuhan jamur 29,13%. Selain itu, pemberian asap cair dapat menghambat pembentukan spora Colletotrichum sp. yang menyebabkan semakin kecilnya kerapatan spora yang terbentuk dengan pemberian konsentrasi 0,32% sebesar 0,1875 x 10<sup>6</sup>. Sedangkan konsentrasi asap cair 0,32% sangat bagus untuk menghambat daya kecambah (viabilitas) jamur Colletotrichum sp. yaitu sebesar 35,41%.</em>
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30

Moral, Juan, Carlos Agustí-Brisach, Maria Carmen Raya, José Jurado-Bello, Ana López-Moral, Luis F. Roca, Mayssa Chattaoui, et al. "Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Olive Anthracnose Worldwide." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090741.

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Olive anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species causes dramatic losses of fruit yield and oil quality worldwide. A total of 185 Colletotrichum isolates obtained from olives and other hosts showing anthracnose symptoms in Spain and other olive-growing countries over the world were characterized. Colony and conidial morphology, benomyl-sensitive, and casein-hydrolysis activity were recorded. Multilocus alignments of ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS3, and/or GAPDH were conducted for their molecular identification. The pathogenicity of the most representative Colletotrichum species was tested to olive fruits and to other hosts, such as almonds, apples, oleander, sweet oranges, and strawberries. In general, the phenotypic characters recorded were not useful to identify all species, although they allowed the separation of some species or species complexes. ITS and TUB2 were enough to infer Colletotrichum species within C. acutatum and C. boninense complexes, whereas ITS, TUB2, ACT, CHS-1, HIS-3, and GADPH regions were necessary to discriminate within the C. gloesporioides complex. Twelve Colletotrichum species belonging to C. acutatum, C. boninense, and C. gloeosporioides complexes were identified, with C. godetiae being dominant in Spain, Italy, Greece, and Tunisia, C. nymphaeae in Portugal, and C. fioriniae in California. The highest diversity with eight Colletotrichum spp. was found in Australia. Significant differences in virulence to olives were observed between isolates depending on the Colletotrichum species and host origin. When other hosts were inoculated, most of the Colletotrichum isolates tested were pathogenic in all the hosts evaluated, except for C. siamense to apple and sweet orange fruits, and C. godetiae to oleander leaves.
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Oliveira, João Arthur dos Santos, Andressa Domingos Polli, Julio Cesar Polonio, Ravely Casarotti Orlandelli, Hélio Conte, João Lúcio Azevedo, and João Alencar Pamphile. "Bioprospection and molecular phylogeny of culturable endophytic fungi associated with yellow passion fruit." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 42 (July 1, 2020): e48321. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v42i1.48321.

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Endophytic microorganisms live inside the plants without causing any damage to their hosts. In the agricultural field, these endophytes might be a strategy of biological control for phytopathogens. We aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) leaves, evaluating its biocontrol capacity by in vitro antagonism against phytopathogen Colletotrichum sp. CNPU378. We also carried out greenhouse experiments in bean seedlings. A high colonization frequency was obtained (89%), and the molecular identification based on DNA sequencing attested Colletotrichum as the most frequent genus and minor occurrence of Curvularia endophytes. The endophytes tested showed different types of competitive interactions in in vitro antagonism inhibition rate ranging from 28.8 to 48.8%. There were 10 promising antagonists tested for their antagonist activity of crude extracts of secondary metabolites, in which strain PE-36 (20.8%) stood out among the other strains evaluated. In the greenhouse assay, plants inoculated only with endophyte Colletotrichum sp. PE-36 was symptomless and suggest that the endophyte strengthened the growth promotion in common bean plants, especially in the root length and number of leaves when compared to control plants and other treatments. Despite many fungi of Colletotrichum genus being described as causative agents of anthracnose, in this study, the plant sampled was colonized predominantly by Colletotrichum endophytes living in asymptomatic relationship. By the way, we come across a Colletotrichum sp. endophyte able to antagonize a Colletotrichum sp. pathogen.
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32

Liu, Xuan, Xiaojuan Zheng, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli, Xiaofang Sun, Xiaoli Chang, and Guoshu Gong. "Identification of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Blueberry Anthracnose in Sichuan, China." Pathogens 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090718.

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Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is an important disease of blueberries and results in large economic losses for blueberry growers. Samples of anthracnose were collected from six main blueberry cultivation areas in Sichuan Province. In total, 74 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained through a single-spore purification method and identified to the species through morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on partial DNA sequences of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, and the β-tubulin (TUB2), actin (ACT) and calmodulin (CAL) genes. Among all species, Colletotrichum fructicola was the most dominant species, with an isolation percentage of up to 66.2% in Sichuan, followed by Colletotrichum siamense (17.6%), C. kahawae (5.4%), C. karstii (5.4%), C. nymphaeae (2.7%) and C. sichuaninese (2.7%). Pathogenicity tests showed all species were able to cause typical anthracnose symptoms on blueberry leaves and stems. Colletotrichum fructicola was the predominant species with strong aggressiveness. Moreover, C. fructicola, C. kahawae, C. sichuaninese and C. nymphaeae are first reported here to cause blueberry anthracnose. This study provides a comprehensive reference for the association of different Colletotrichum spp., which may support the sustainable management of blueberry anthracnose.
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Zheng, Hua, Zefen Yu, Xinwei Jiang, Linlin Fang, and Min Qiao. "Endophytic Colletotrichum Species from Aquatic Plants in Southwest China." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8010087.

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Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes in many economically important hosts. Many studies have investigated the diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species in common ornamentals, fruits, and vegetables. However, Colletotrichum species occurring in aquatic plants are not well known. During the investigation of the diversity of endophytic fungi in aquatic plants in southwest China, 66 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from aquatic plants there, and 26 of them were selected for sequencing and analyses of actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and β-tubulin (TUB2) genomic regions. Based on morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, 13 Colletotrichum species were recognized, namely, C. baiyuense sp. nov., C. casaense sp. nov., C. demersi sp. nov., C. dianense sp. nov., C. fructicola, C. garzense sp. nov., C. jiangxiense, C. karstii, C. philoxeroidis sp. nov., C. spicati sp. nov., C. tengchongense sp. nov., C. vulgaris sp. nov., C. wuxuhaiense sp. nov. Two species complexes, the C. boninense species complex and C. gloeosporioides species complex, were found to be associated with aquatic plants. Pathogenicity tests revealed a broad diversity in pathogenicity and aggressiveness among the eight new Colletotrichum species.
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34

Winder, Richard S. "The in vitro effect of allelopathy and various fungi on marsh reed grass (Calamagrostis canadensis)." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-025.

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Allelopathy and endophytic fungi were evaluated as factors affecting the biological control of marsh reed grass, Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv., a weed of boreal reforestation areas. Leachate from marsh reed grass straw inhibited root growth into liquid and agar media and increased foliar necrosis. Most seedlings harboring endophytic species of Fusarium and Chaetomium were healthy in agar controls, but all such seedlings were diseased when grown in agar with straw leachate. The straw leachate and various fungi had distinct impacts on the virulence of Colletotrichum sp., a potential biocontrol agent for marsh reed grass. In comparisons of control and allelopathic media, Colletotrichum sp. stimulated the overall vigor of reed grass while reducing vigor in the allelopathic medium. Individual isolates of fungi in the genera Epicoccum, Drechslera, and Fusarium were uniformly antagonistic to Colletotrichum, whereas antagonism in individual isolates of Chaetomium, Alternaria, and Stemphylium depended on the presence or absence of allelopathy. Another Fusarium isolate increased the virulence of Colletotrichum sp. in both media, as did two applications of Colletotrichum sp. Allelopathic compounds, Fusarium sp., and Colletotrichum sp. are potential components of a strategy for biological control of marsh reed grass. Key words: weed, biological control, bioherbicide, mycoherbicide.
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35

Ureña-Padilla, A. R., D. J. Mitchell, and D. E. Legard. "Oversummer Survival of Inoculum for Colletotrichum Crown Rot in Buried Strawberry Crown Tissue." Plant Disease 85, no. 7 (July 2001): 750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.7.750.

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The oversummer survival of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in strawberry crown tissue under field conditions was investigated in 1998 and 1999. Strawberry crowns infected naturally with C. gloeosporioides were placed inside cloth bags containing field soil, buried in the field at 5 or 13 cm, then recovered over 6 months of each year. The recovered crowns were plated onto a Colletotrichum spp. semiselective medium and speciated by colony, spore morphology, and molecular markers with species-specific DNA primers. Pathogenicity of selected isolates was confirmed by greenhouse bioassays on strawberry. Of the 428 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. recovered from buried crowns, 96% were C. gloeosporioides and 4% Colletotrichum acutatum. Following an initial increase in the detection of the fungus, survival of C. gloeosporioides was stable for 2 to 3 weeks, then declined. No Colletotrichum spp. were detected after burial for 56 days in 1998 and 98 days in 1999. Because the time between crop seasons is typically more than 170 days, these data support the hypothesis that inoculum of C. gloeosporioides does not survive in buried plant debris between seasons in Florida and, therefore, oversummering crop debris does not contribute inoculum for epidemics of Colletotrichum crown rot in Florida.
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36

Golovin, S. E. "Anthracnose of stone fruits, caused by species of the genus <i>Colletotrichum</i>." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 74 (October 19, 2023): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2023-74-87-97.

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Fungi from the genus Colletotrichum in the Moscow region affect the main stone fruit crops. In the Lipetsk region and the Republic of Mari-El, these pathogens were noted on cherries. The most affected crop is cherry, which in some years can lose 50-70 % of fruits from anthracnose. Varieties Apukhtinskaya and Rusinka were the most heavily affected by anthracnose. On plum and plum-cherry, the symptoms of anthracnose appear later than on cherry and sweet cherry. The appearance of symptoms is associated with the maturation of these cultures. On the plum, infection of the ovaries with Colletotrichum spp. can also inhibit the development of fruits, and their abscission, especially if the infection of fruits occurs in conjunction with other pathogenic fungi. Molecular genetic analysis of two cultures of Colletotrichum isolated from cherry fruits showed that the cultures belong to two species. These are Colletotrichum fioriniae and Colletotrichum godetiae. Artificial infection of green plum fruits in laboratory conditions showed that two isolates of Colletotrichum sp. godetiae isolated from golden currant and cherry fruits successfully infect green plum fruits. The most effective for infection is the method of infection in the puncture of the skin of the fetus.
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37

Materatski, Patrick, Carla Varanda, Teresa Carvalho, António Bento Dias, M. Doroteia Campos, Fernando Rei, and Maria do Rosário Félix. "Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Olive Anthracnose and New Perspectives on Controlling the Disease in Portugal." Agronomy 8, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8120301.

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Olive anthracnose is a very common and severe disease caused by diverse species of fungi belonging to Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complexes. To understand aspects of the Colletotrichum colonization and primary infection in olives, Colletotrichum spp. were isolated from the interior of 2-year stems, flower buds, and immature fruits of three important olive cultivars, Galega vulgar, Cobrançosa, and Azeiteira, from different sites within Alentejo, a major olive-producing region in Portugal. A total of 270 trees was sampled, and 68 Colletotrichum spp. isolates were obtained from 46 olive trees. DNA extraction and amplification of β-tubulin and GADPH genes through PCR revealed that the vast majority of the isolates showed high similarity to Colletotrichum nymphaeae, and only three isolates showed high similarity to Colletotrichum godetiae. The highest number of Colletotrichum spp. isolates was detected in olive trees from Galega vulgar and in immature fruits. No significant differences in the number of Colletotrichum spp. isolates were found in trees from different sites. The highest percentages of infected immature fruits were obtained in trees that also presented a high percentage of 2-year stem infections, which may indicate that 2-year stems serve as important sources of inoculum, and the fungus may travel from the stems to other parts of the plant. Another indication of such possibility is that one isolate of C. nymphaeae (C. nymphaeae 2), characterized by a unique nucleotide mutation within the beta tubulin gene, was present in different organs of the same tree, both in 2-year stems and in recently formed vegetative organs as flower buds and immature fruits, which seem to suggest that it may be the same isolate, which has moved systemically inside the plant. The results presented here can play an important role in working out strategies for the effective and timely management of the disease and in reducing the number of unnecessary fungicide applications.
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38

"Colletotrichum." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.14888.

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39

"Colletotrichum fioriniae." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.118779.

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40

"Colletotrichum tropicale." PlantwisePlus Knowledge Bank Species Pages (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pwkb.species.121992.

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41

Vieira, Willie Anderson, and Marcos Câmara. "Colletotrichum tropicale." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.121992.

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This datasheet on Colletotrichum tropicale covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Prevention/Control, Further Information.
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42

"Colletotrichum boninense." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.108203.

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43

"Colletotrichum magna." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.110108.

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44

"Colletotrichum trichellum." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.14932.

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45

"Colletotrichum crassipes." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.14900.

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46

"Colletotrichum fructicola." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.120333.

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47

"Colletotrichum brevisporum." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.47479758.

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48

"Colletotrichum navitas." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.118640.

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49

"Colletotrichum karsti." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.119134.

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50

"Colletotrichum siamense." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.120362.

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