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Journal articles on the topic 'Collinear array'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Thomas, K. George, and N. Lenin. "Collinear printed array antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50, no. 6 (2008): 1582–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.23423.

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2

McDonald, James L., and Dejan S. Filipovic. "A Monocone-Bicone Collinear Array." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, no. 12 (2010): 3905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2010.2078454.

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3

Basu, Banani. "Synthesis of nonuniformly spaced linear array of parallel and collinear dipole with minimum standing wave ratio using evolutionary optimization techniques." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 4 (2011): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000560.

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In this paper, the author proposes a method based on two recent evolutionary algorithms (EAS): particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) to design nonuniformly placed linear arrays of half-wavelength long dipoles. The objective of the work is to generate pencil beam in horizontal (for parallel array) and vertical (for collinear array) plane with minimum standing wave ratio (SWR) and fixed side lobe level (SLL). Dynamic range ratio (DRR) of current amplitude distribution is kept at a fixed value. Two different examples have been presented having different array alignments. For both the configurations parallel and collinear, the excitation distribution and geometry of individual array elements are perturbed to accomplish the designing goal. Coupling effect between the elements is analyzed using induced electromotive force (EMF) method and minimized in terms of SWR. Numerical results obtained from both the algorithms are statistically compared to present a comprehensive overview. Beside this, the article also efficiently computes the trade-off curves between SLL, beam width, and number of array elements for nonuniformly spaced parallel array. It featured the average element spacing versus SWR curve for nonuniformly separated arrays. Furthermore, minimum achievable SLL performances of uniformly and nonuniformly spaced parallel arrays are compared for same average spacing in the proposed work.

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4

Sierra-Perez, M., F. L. Heras-Andres, and J. A. G. de Lope. "Low-cost printed collinear array antenna." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 43, no. 5 (2001): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/74.979364.

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5

Zarifi, Davoud, and Ali Ahmadi. "AN OMNIDIRECTIONAL PRINTED COLLINEAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA ARRAY." Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 75 (2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierl18022504.

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6

Barker, R. D. "Depth of investigation of collinear symmetrical four‐electrode arrays." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 8 (1989): 1031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442728.

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A study of collinear symmetrical four‐electrode arrays and their tripotential variations indicates the existence of an electrode array for which all the tripotential arrangements have the same depth of investigation. Examination of computer‐generated sounding curves confirms this result only when depth of investigation is defined as the median of the depth of investigation characteristic curve. The results lend support to this being the most practically useful definition of depth of investigation.

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7

C, Subba Rao, Madhavi Devi L, and Swati Lakshmi B. "Design and Analysis of Collinear Biconical Antenna Array." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 69, no. 3 (2021): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v69i3p223.

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8

AWAI, K. "Experimental Study on Compensation of Array Element Pattern of Collinear Dipole Array Sensor." IEICE Transactions on Communications E88-B, no. 8 (2005): 3314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e88-b.8.3314.

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9

Daly, R. A., W. S. T. Rowe, and K. Ghorbani. "Zero tilt omnidirectional collinear array antenna with coplanar feed." Electronics Letters 47, no. 6 (2011): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.3617.

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10

Uwano, Shuta, Atsuya Ando, Tomohiro Seki, Yasushi Takatori, and Takefumi Hiraguri. "Experimental Investigations of Cochannel Interference Reduction Effect at High Elevation Base Station Using Beam Tilt and Orthogonal Polarization." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/532743.

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This paper addresses the problem of cochannel interference (CCI) generated in a mixed cell architecture in microcellular systems. In this type of microcellular systems in which both microcells and macrocells coexist in the same geographical urban area, the base station antennas mounted on the rooftops of buildings to cover wide circular radio zones suffer severe CCI from the surrounding low base stations. A dielectric-loaded slotted-cylinder antenna (DSCA) is applied to horizontally polarized omnidirectional array antennas in a height-diversity configuration with the high gain of 8 dBi, which is comparable to that of a collinear antenna, to reduce the CCI. The measurements conducted in a suburban area clarify the reduction in the CCI for three techniques. The beam-tilt technique reduces the CCI level by approximately 10 dB for both collinear antennas and the DSCA array antennas. The use of horizontal polarization reduces the CCI level by approximately 13 dB for the DSCA array antennas with and without beam tilt. The combination of the beam tilt and horizontal polarization or the DSCA array antennas with beam tilt significantly reduces the CCI level by approximately 23 dB.

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11

Pan, Zhengxu, Mai Bando, Zhanxia Zhu, and Shinji Hokamoto. "Design of Equilateral Array Polygonal Gravitational-Wave Observatory Formation near Lagrange Point L1—Equilateral Triangle and Equilateral Tetrahedral Configurations." Aerospace 11, no. 12 (2024): 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11121048.

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To observe lower-frequency gravitational waves (GWs), it is effective to utilize a large spacecraft formation baseline, spanning hundreds of thousands to millions of kilometers. To overcome the limitations of a gravitational-wave observatory (GWO) on specific orbits, a scientific observation mode and a non-scientific observation mode for GWOs are proposed. For the non-scientific observation mode, this paper designs equilateral triangle and equilateral tetrahedral array formations for a space-based GWO near a collinear libration point. A stable configuration is the prerequisite for a GWO; however, the motion near the collinear libration points is highly unstable. Therefore, the output regulation theory is applied. By leveraging the tracking aspect of the theory, the equilateral triangle and equilateral tetrahedral array formations are achieved. For an equilateral triangle array formation, two geometric configuration design methods are proposed, addressing the fuel consumption required for initialization and maintenance. To observe GWs in different directions and avoid configuration/reconfiguration, the multi-layer equilateral tetrahedral array formation is given. Additionally, the control errors are calculated. Finally, the effectiveness of the control method is demonstrated using the Sun–Earth circular-restricted three-body problem (CRTBP) and the ephemeris model located at Lagrange point L1.

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12

Hu, Yi-Yao, Sheng Sun, and Hao Xu. "Compact Collinear Quasi-Yagi Antenna Array for Wireless Energy Harvesting." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 35308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974815.

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13

Lee, Young-Jun, and Hak-Keun Choi. "Characteristics of high-gain ESPAR antenna using collinear dipole array." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 60, no. 6 (2018): 1338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.31161.

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14

Profant, Tomáš, and Michal Kotoul. "On the Interaction of an Array of Collinear Microcracks with a Periodic Array of Inclusions." Key Engineering Materials 251-252 (October 2003): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.251-252.279.

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15

Kurniawan, Rudi, Zahrul Fuadi, and Ramzi Adriman. "Accumulator-free Hough Transform for Sequence Collinear Points." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2021): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.10.2.20894.

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The perception, localization, and navigation of its environment are essential for autonomous mobile robots and vehicles. For that reason, a 2D Laser rangefinder sensor is used popularly in mobile robot applications to measure the origin of the robot to its surrounding objects. The measurement data generated by the sensor is transmitted to the controller, where the data is processed by one or multiple suitable algorithms in several steps to extract the desired information. Universal Hough Transform (UHT) is one of the appropriate and popular algorithms to extract the primitive geometry such as straight line, which later will be used in the further step of data processing. However, the UHT has high computational complexity and requires the so-called accumulator array, which is less suitable for real-time applications where a high speed and low complexity computation is highly demanded. In this study, an Accumulator-free Hough Transform (AfHT) is proposed to reduce the computational complexity and eliminate the need for the accumulator array. The proposed algorithm is validated using the measurement data from a 2D laser scanner and compared to the standard Hough Transform. As a result, the extracted value of AfHT shows a good agreement with that of UHT but with a significant reduction in the complexity of the computation and the need for computer memory.

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16

Mappatao, Gerino, and Jolan Sy. "Appraising the Effect of Null-fill to the Broadcast Coverage of Four-bay Collinear Array." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 12, no. 11 (2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae1122_02.

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Null-fill is a method of improving the signal level in areas where pattern nulls occur. To take advantage of itin improving FM broadcast coverage, factors such as antenna height in relation to the average terrain, the number of bays in the array and the location of the target area are considered. It is therefore important to understand the radiation characteristics of the antenna system after the application of null-fill. This paper presents an analysis of the radiation characteristics of a four-bay FM collinear antenna array composed of circularly polarized elements with varying upper and lower bank power ratios. The analysis leads to the discussion of the capabilities and limitations of null-fill with the different bank ratios. Results show that, in the elimination of pattern nulls, the bank power ratio of 95:5 produces the best results. Also, irrespective on the value of the bank ratio, there exists a pattern null near the tower base. If left uncorrected, this pattern null poses reception difficulty in that area. An explanation on the existence of this kind of null and a method of eliminating it is worth considering in future studies. Keywords—Broadcast antenna, Collinear array, FM antenna, Null-fill, Pattern null, Polarization

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17

Gerino, Mappatao. "Patterns of sidemount four-bay FM antenna system." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 18, no. 2 (2020): 661–68. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v18i2.14877.

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This paper presents the radiation characteristics of a 4-bay collinear FM antenna system, both in free-space and with the presence of a metallic tower where the bays are mounted, with the use of powerful computers and accurate antenna simulation software. The radiation characteristics of the array are presented and discussed, such as the total gain, polarization components, circularity, beamwidth and minor lobe of the array. This is to determine the conformity of the array performance with existing standards. The possible effects of the metallic tower and the downward radiation from the minor lobe are emphasized. Being aware with these radiation characteristics, broadcast practitioners can optimize the use of this popular array. Results of numerical analyses show that the array is basically a vertically polarized radiator, the beamwidth is quite small which makes it disadvantageous for high-elevated antenna systems, the metallic tower affects the circularity of the azimuth pattern, and the downward radiation from the minor lobes can cause adverse effects. Adjustments on the basic elements and bay placements are recommended.

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18

Sneha, H. L., Hema Singh, and R. M. Jha. "Mutual Coupling Effects for Radar Cross Section (RCS) of a Series-Fed Dipole Antenna Array." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/601532.

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The estimation of RCS of a phased array depends on various parameters, namely, array geometry, operational frequency, feed network, mutual coupling between the antenna elements and so fourth. This paper presents the estimation of RCS of linear dipole array with series-feed network by tracing the signal path from the antenna aperture into the feed network. The effect of mutual coupling exhibited by the dipole antenna is considered for three configurations namely, side by side, collinear, and parallel in echelon. It is shown that the mutual coupling affects the antenna pattern (and hence RCS) significantly for larger scan angles. Further it is inferred that the RCS of phased array can be optimized by (i) reducing the length of the dipole, (ii) termination of the isolation port of the coupler with a suitable load, and (iii) using suitable amplitude distribution.

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19

Oshima, Takase, and Hiroshi Hirayama. "Near-field wireless power transfer for moving vehicle using collinear array antenna." IEICE Communications Express 8, no. 12 (2019): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/comex.2019gcl0067.

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20

Cicchetti, R., A. Faraone, and Q. Balzano. "A uniform asymptotic evaluation of the field radiated from collinear array antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 51, no. 1 (2003): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2003.808540.

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21

Zaharis, Z., E. Vafiadis, and J. N. Sahalos. "On the Design of a Hybrid-Chebyshev Collinear Folded Dipole Antenna Array." Electromagnetics 18, no. 5 (1998): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726349808908606.

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22

Chen, Shih-Yuan, I.-Ching Lan, and Powen Hsu. "In-Line Series-Feed Collinear Slot Array Fed by a Coplanar Waveguide." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 55, no. 6 (2007): 1739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2007.898620.

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23

Delfino, F., R. Procopio, and M. Rossi. "Current and Near Field Calculations for Cellular Base-Station Collinear Array Antennas." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 40, no. 2 (2004): 1480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2004.824721.

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24

Chuanzeng, Zhang, Chen Xinshuang, and Li Zongrong. "Interaction of elastic waves with a periodic array of collinear inplane cracks." Acta Mechanica Sinica 8, no. 4 (1992): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02487172.

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25

Oviedo-Tolentino, F., R. Romero-Méndez, A. Hernández-Guerrero, and F. G. Pérez-Gutiérrez. "Vortex-induced vibration of a collinear array of bottom fixed flexible cylinders." Journal of Fluids and Structures 39 (May 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2013.02.016.

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26

Cornwell, T. J., D. J. Saikia, P. Shastri, et al. "The peculiar radio structure of quasar 1320+299." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 119 (1986): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900152647.

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The radio source B2 1320+299 is associated with a 20m QSO. Apart from the core component, it has two outer components on the same side of the QSO; it was therefore classified as of the one-sided (‘D2’) type. The radio structure is unusual in that the three slightly non-collinear components are apparently unconnected and the projected linear size for any plausible redshift is large for a ‘D2’ source (Feretti et al. 1982, Astron. Astrophys.115, 423). The radio structure has now been mapped with the VLA (λ20 & 6 cm, B array and λ20, 6 & 2 cm, A array; Figs.1a, b).

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27

Sneha, H. L., Hema Singh, and R. M. Jha. "Scattering Analysis of a Compact Dipole Array with Series and Parallel Feed Network including Mutual Coupling Effect." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/516946.

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The current focus in defense arena is towards the stealth technology with an emphasis to control the radar cross-section (RCS). The scattering from the antennas mounted over the platform is of prime importance especially for a low-observable aerospace vehicle. This paper presents the analysis of the scattering cross section of a uniformly spaced linear dipole array. Two types of feed networks, that is, series and parallel feed networks, are considered. The total RCS of phased array with either kind of feed network is obtained by following the signal as it enters through the aperture and travels through the feed network. The RCS estimation of array is done including the mutual coupling effect between the dipole elements in three configurations, that is, side-by-side, collinear, and parallel-in-echelon. The results presented can be useful while designing a phased array with optimum performance towards low observability.

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28

Yu, Yanzhong, Han Huang, Shunda Lin, Musheng Chen, and Qiwen Zhan. "Generation of optical needles and bright spot arrays through reversing the radiation pattern of collinear antenna array." Journal of Optics 21, no. 7 (2019): 075602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ab235c.

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29

Wu, Kuang-Chong, and Shyh-Haur Chen. "Weight functions for an array of collinear cracks in an infinite anisotropic elastic plate." Journal of Mechanics 38 (2022): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jom/ufac011.

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Abstract Weight functions are provided for calculating the stress intensity factors for collinear cracks in an infinite anisotropic elastic plate. The number of cracks as well as the length of the cracks are arbitrary. The weight functions are for crack-face loading, which may be non-self-equilibrium. It is shown that for self-equilibrium loading, the weight functions are independent of elastic constants. For non-self-equilibrium loading, however, an additional constant term that is material-dependent appears.

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30

Tsokas, Gregory N., Panagiotis I. Tsourlos, and John E. Szymanski. "Square array resistivity anomalies and inhomogeneity ratio calculated by the finite‐element method." GEOPHYSICS 62, no. 2 (1997): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444153.

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In this work the square array configuration is studied. As with any four‐electrode measuring configuration, three different resistances can be measured directly and, in particular, by using the square array these resistance values can be used to obtain a measure of the apparent anisotropy: this is the so‐called azimuthal inhomogeneity ratio (AIR). The AIR is used widely to derive information regarding the directional variation of the subsurface resistivity. Similar types of information can be obtained using any collinear array but would need to be used in a crossed mode. This gives an operational advantage to the square array. Here, the AIR and the square α and β apparent resistivities have been calculated for a number of simple subsurface models. Moreover, the apparent resistivity responses for several different linear arrays were calculated to allow useful comparisons. The forward modeling has been carried out via a 2.5-D finite‐element scheme and an existing approach has been modified in order to calculate the potential variations parallel to the strike direction. Here, the use of AIR as a pattern recognition tool is investigated. The AIR anomalies are shown to delineate the edges of the targets successfully, retaining the same pattern when the model was shifted in depth, and indicating a satisfactory resolving ability. The AIR can be used as complementary information to the apparent resistivity measures and can improve the interpretation. However, careful consideration has to be given to the data noise.

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31

KIM, K. C. "Shielding Effectiveness of a Collinear Unequal Paired-Narrow-Slot Array in Conducting Screens." IEICE Transactions on Communications E91-B, no. 8 (2008): 2768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e91-b.8.2768.

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32

Shih, C. F., and R. J. Asaro. "Elastic-plastic analysis of a collinear array of cracks on a bimaterial interface." Materials Science and Engineering: A 107 (January 1989): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(89)90383-3.

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33

Rashed-Mohassel, J. "Optimum directivity of a uniformly spaced broadside array of collinear half-wave dipoles." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 7, no. 4 (1994): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650070409.

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34

Basu, Banani, and Mahanti G K. "CONSTRICTED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION FOR DESIGN OF COLLINEAR ARRAY OF UNEQUAL LENGTH DIPOLE ANTENNAS." ICTACT Journal on Soft Computing 1, no. 1 (2010): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21917/ijsc.2010.0007.

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35

Guraliuc, A. R., A. A. Serra, P. Nepa, and G. Manara. "Parasitic Current Reduction on Electrically Long Coaxial Cables Feeding Dipoles of a Collinear Array." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, no. 11 (2011): 4318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2011.2164202.

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36

Iwamoto, Kei, Mikko Heino, Katsuyuki Haneda, and Hiroyuki Morikawa. "Design of an Antenna Decoupling Structure for an Inband Full-Duplex Collinear Dipole Array." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, no. 7 (2018): 3763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2018.2835301.

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37

Samonds, Jason M., Zhiyi Zhou, Melanie R. Bernard, and A. B. Bonds. "Synchronous Activity in Cat Visual Cortex Encodes Collinear and Cocircular Contours." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 4 (2006): 2602–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01070.2005.

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We explored how contour information in primary visual cortex might be embedded in the simultaneous activity of multiple cells recorded with a 100-electrode array. Synchronous activity in cat visual cortex was more selective and predictable in discriminating between drifting grating and concentric ring stimuli than changes in firing rate. Synchrony was found even between cells with wholly different orientation preferences when their receptive fields were circularly aligned, and membership in synchronous groups was orientation and curvature dependent. The existence of synchrony between cocircular cells reinforces its role as a general mechanism for contour integration and shape detection as predicted by association field concepts. Our data suggest that cortical synchrony results from common and synchronous input from earlier visual areas and that it could serve to shape extrastriate response selectivity.

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38

Zhang, Ch. "Elastodynamic Analysis of a Periodic Array of Mode III Cracks in Transversely Isotropic Solids." Journal of Applied Mechanics 59, no. 2 (1992): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899529.

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Time-harmonic elastodynamic analysis is presented for a periodic array of collinear mode III cracks in an infinite transversely isotropic solid. The scattering problem by a single antiplane crack is first formulated, and the scattered displacement field is expressed as Fourier integrals containing the crack opening displacement. By using this representation formula and by considering the periodicity conditions in the crack spacing, a boundary integral equation is obtained for the crack opening displacement of a reference crack. The boundary integral equation is solved numerically by expanding the crack opening displacement into a series of Chebyshev polynomials. Numerical results are given to show the effects of the crack spacing, the wave frequency, the angle of incidence, and the anisotropy parameter on the elastodynamic stress intensity factors.

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39

Surendran, Arjun, Aravind B, Tanweer Ali, Om Prakash Kumar, Pradeep Kumar, and Jaume Anguera. "A Dual-Band Modified Franklin mm-Wave Antenna for 5G Wireless Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020693.

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Franklin array antennas are considered as one of the most competitive candidates for millimeter-wave (mmW) 5G applications due to their compact size, simple geometry and high gain. This paper describes a microstrip Franklin antenna array for fifth generation (5G) wireless applications. The proposed modified Franklin array is based on a collinear array structure with the objective of achieving broad bandwidth, high directivity, and dual-band operation at 22.7 and 34.9 GHz. The designed antenna consists of a 3 × 3 array patch element as the radiating part and a 3 × 3 slotted ground plane operating at a multiband resonance in the mmW range. The dimensions of the patch antennas are designed based on λ/2 of the second resonant frequency. The designed antenna shows dual band operation with a total impedance bandwidth ranging from 21.5 to 24.3 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 12.2%) at the first band and from 33.9 to 36 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 6%) at the second band in simulation. In measurement, the impedance bandwidth ranges from 21.5 to 24.5 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 13%) at the first band and from 34.3 to 36.2 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 5.3%) at the second band, respectively. The performance of the antenna is analyzed by parametric analysis by modifying various parameters of the antenna. All the necessary simulations are carried out using HFSS v.14.0.

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40

Lehar, Steven. "Directional Harmonic Theory: A Computational Gestalt Model to Account for Illusory Contour and Vertex Formation." Perception 32, no. 4 (2003): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5011.

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Visual illusions and perceptual grouping phenomena offer an invaluable tool for probing the computational mechanism of low-level visual processing. Some illusions, like the Kanizsa figure, reveal illusory contours that form edges collinear with the inducing stimulus. This kind of illusory contour has been modeled by neural network models by way of cells equipped with elongated spatial receptive fields designed to detect and complete the collinear alignment. There are, however, other illusory groupings which are not so easy to account for in neural network terms. The Ehrenstein illusion exhibits an illusory contour that forms a contour orthogonal to the stimulus instead of collinear with it. Other perceptual grouping effects reveal illusory contours that exhibit a sharp corner or vertex, and still others take the form of vertices defined by the intersection of three, four, or more illusory contours that meet at a point. A direct extension of the collinear completion models to account for these phenomena tends towards a combinatorial explosion, because it would suggest cells with specialized receptive fields configured to perform each of those completion types, each of which would have to be replicated at every location and every orientation across the visual field. These phenomena therefore challenge the adequacy of the neural network approach to account for these diverse perceptual phenomena. I have proposed elsewhere an alternative paradigm of neurocomputation in the harmonic resonance theory (Lehar 1999, see website), whereby pattern recognition and completion are performed by spatial standing waves across the neural substrate. The standing waves perform a computational function analogous to that of the spatial receptive fields of the neural network approach, except that, unlike that paradigm, a single resonance mechanism performs a function equivalent to a whole array of spatial receptive fields of different spatial configurations and of different orientations, and thereby avoids the combinatorial explosion inherent in the older paradigm. The present paper presents the directional harmonic model, a more specific development of the harmonic resonance theory, designed to account for specific perceptual grouping phenomena. Computer simulations of the directional harmonic model show that it can account for collinear contours as observed in the Kanizsa figure, orthogonal contours as seen in the Ehrenstein illusion, and a number of illusory vertex percepts composed of two, three, or more illusory contours that meet in a variety of configurations.

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41

Gainutdinov, Timur A., and Vadim G. Kocherzhewskiy. "THE OUTDOOR PLANAR ANTENNA ARRAY BOOSTER MOBILE INTERNET 3G/4G." T-Comm 15, no. 5 (2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2021-15-5-22-28.

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Internet antennas-busters are one of the most common antennas of suburban subscriber stations of broadband radio access systems. In many ways, the speed of information transmission in such systems limits the signal level provided by the base station in the entire operating band of the Internet signal. Since the antenna located on the wall of the house is stationary, it can be made relatively large, which allows you to implement a higher gain and accordingly increase the signal level on the router. At the same time, the market for such antennas is quite saturated with a wide variety of antenna designs, but due to the increase in the number of people working in remote mode and the expected transition to mobile communication systems 5G, it still continues to develop rapidly. The paper proposes a new design of the transceiver mobile Internet antenna-buster, whose main advantage is absolute imperceptibility when installed outdoors. We consider a planar in-phase 8-element antenna array installed on the window glass of a suburban building. As the individual emitters of the lattice are encouraged to use a planar wave dipoles. A feeding scheme for the antenna array on flat two-wire lines has been developed, which provides in-phase and almost equal amplitude excitation of all array elements of the array. Calculations of antenna radiation patterns in the range of 1700-2700 MHz are given. It is shown that the developed antenna has a gain of 8-9 dB in the range of 1700-2100 MHz and 10-12 dB in the range of 2400-2700 MHz. These values are practically not inferior to similar indicators of known collinear antenna arrays and in the upper part of the work range, they have a gain of 1-2 dB compared to their analogs. A planar array matching scheme has been developed that provides a VSWR of about 2.5 in the range of 1700-2100 MHz and no worse than 2 in the range of 2400-2700 MHz. Variants of constructing planar antenna arrays with broadband emitters that provide similar matching without the use of additional matching devices are presented.

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Balfourier, François, Sophie Bouchet, Sandra Robert, et al. "Worldwide phylogeography and history of wheat genetic diversity." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (2019): eaav0536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav0536.

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Since its domestication in the Fertile Crescent ~8000 to 10,000 years ago, wheat has undergone a complex history of spread, adaptation, and selection. To get better insights into the wheat phylogeography and genetic diversity, we describe allele distribution through time using a set of 4506 landraces and cultivars originating from 105 different countries genotyped with a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism array. Although the genetic structure of landraces is collinear to ancient human migration roads, we observe a reshuffling through time, related to breeding programs, with the appearance of new alleles enriched with structural variations that may be the signature of introgressions from wild relatives after 1960.

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Yu, Jing, and Junhong Guo. "Analytical Solution for a 1D Hexagonal Quasicrystal Strip with Two Collinear Mode-III Cracks Perpendicular to the Strip Boundaries." Crystals 13, no. 4 (2023): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13040661.

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We considered the problem of determining the singular elastic fields in a one-dimensional (1D) hexagonal quasicrystal strip containing two collinear cracks perpendicular to the strip boundaries under antiplane shear loading. The Fourier series method was used to reduce the boundary value problem to triple series equations, then to singular integral equations with Cauchy kernel. The analytical solutions are in a closed form for the stress field, and the stress intensity factors and the energy release rates of the phonon and phason fields near the crack tip are expressed using the first and third complete elliptic integrals. The effects of the geometrical parameters of the crack configuration on the dimensionless stress intensity factors are presented graphically. The studied crack model can be used to solve the problems of a periodic array of two collinear cracks of equal length in a 1D hexagonal quasicrystal strip and an eccentric crack in a 1D hexagonal quasicrystal strip. The propagation of cracks produced during their manufacturing process may result in the premature failure of quasicrystalline materials. Therefore, it is very important to study the crack problem of quasicrystalline materials with defects as mentioned above. It can provide a theoretical basis for the application of quasicrystalline materials containing the above defects.

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Colbrook, Matthew J., and Matthew J. Priddin. "Fast and spectrally accurate numerical methods for perforated screens (with applications to Robin boundary conditions)." IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics 85, no. 5 (2020): 790–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamat/hxaa021.

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Abstract This paper considers the use of compliant boundary conditions to provide a homogenized model of a finite array of collinear plates, modelling a perforated screen or grating. While the perforated screen formally has a mix of Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, the homogenized model has Robin boundary conditions. Perforated screens form a canonical model in scattering theory, with applications ranging from electromagnetism to aeroacoustics. Interest in perforated media incorporated within larger structures motivates interrogating the appropriateness of homogenized boundary conditions in this case, especially as the homogenized model changes the junction behaviour considered at the extreme edges of the screen. To facilitate effective investigation we consider three numerical methods solving the Helmholtz equation: the unified transform and an iterative Wiener–Hopf approach for the exact problem of a set of collinear rigid plates (the difficult geometry of the problem means that such methods, which converge exponentially, are crucial) and a novel Mathieu function collocation approach to consider a variable compliance applied along the length of a single plate. We detail the relative performance and practical considerations for each method. By comparing solutions obtained using homogenized boundary conditions to the problem of collinear plates, we verify that the constant compliance given in previous theoretical research is appropriate to gain a good estimate of the solution even for a modest number of plates, provided we are sufficiently far into the asymptotic regime. We further investigate tapering the compliance near the extreme endpoints of the screen and find that tapering with $\tanh $ functions reduces the error in the approximation of the far field (if we are sufficiently far into the asymptotic regime). We also find that the number of plates and wavenumber has significant effects, even far into the asymptotic regime. These last two points indicate the importance of modelling end effects to achieve highly accurate results.

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Boniface, V., and L. Banks-Sills. "Stress Intensity Factors for Finite Interface Cracks Between a Special Pair of Transversely Isotropic Materials." Journal of Applied Mechanics 69, no. 3 (2002): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1459067.

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An infinite bimaterial system made of two dissimilar, transversely isotropic materials bonded together (with the lower material being mathematically degenerate) and subject to remote loads is considered. An analytical expression for the complex stress intensity factor of a finite crack along the interface between these two materials is obtained. This result is extended to the case of an infinite array of collinear cracks along a similar interface. Next, the finite element method is employed to analyze these geometries for specific material properties. An area M-integral is used to extract stress intensity factors from the finite element results, which compare well with those obtained from the analytic expressions. Different types of loads are considered.

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Mohammed, M. A., N. M. Muztaza, and R. Saad. "The Influence of Non-Collinear Electrodes Arrangement on a Two-dimensional Resistivity Survey Using Wenner Array." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1825, no. 1 (2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1825/1/012012.

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Faraone, A., Roger Yew-Siow Tay, K. H. Joyner, and Q. Balzano. "Estimation of the average power density in the vicinity of cellular base-station collinear array antennas." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 49, no. 3 (2000): 984–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.845115.

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Faglia, G., E. Comini, G. Sberveglieri, R. Rella, P. Siciliano, and L. Vasanelli. "Square and collinear four probe array and Hall measurements on metal oxide thin film gas sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 53, no. 1-2 (1998): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(98)00290-1.

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Kleinau, B. A., D. L. de Melo, M. T. de Melo, et al. "Application of the Base Transceiver Station with Smart Antennas in the Power Distribution Sector." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (June 18, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621116.

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The use of distribution automation systems has grown significantly in electricity companies in recent years. The main reason for this is the need to have a smarter network, in order to reduce the time of power interruption. For such applications, communication using radio frequency is preferred because this solution is more reliable than 3G/4G and cheaper than fiber optics. In this context, it is of utmost importance to have a more efficient base transceiver station (BTS) that can cover the communication of a larger area. In this paper, the mathematical concepts of an intelligent antenna array, as well as the logical operation of an intelligent radiation system controller, are presented. Such system receives as inputs the geographic coordinates of network elements and automatically feeds an intelligent Yagi–Uda antenna array with the appropriate parameters, in order to optimize the radiation pattern into the desired directions. The presented model uses a stochastic optimization method to automatically achieve a set of optimal electrical parameters to excite the array and efficiently direct its beams in a fully controlled way. Thus, the results obtained indicate that the proposed intelligent scheme allows the energy optimization of the antenna system, reducing in 61% the number of BTS needed to cover the same area, when compared to traditional collinear antenna systems.

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Rashed-Mohassel, J. "Reply to comments on “optimum directivity of a uniformly spaced broadside array of collinear half-wave dipoles”." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 7, no. 13 (1994): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650071317.

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