Dissertations / Theses: 'Collision Warning System'

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Kon, Tayfun. "Collision Warning and Avoidance System for Crest Vertical Curves." Master's thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37169.

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In recent years, State Road Route 114 which is located in Montgomery County, Virginia, has gained a bad reputation because of numerous traffic accidents. Most of these accidents resulted in loss of lives and property. Although there are many suggestions and proposals designed to prevent these acidents, to date no actions is taken yet. The focus of this research is to explore a technology-based, low cost solution that will lower or eliminate the risk of accidents on this two-lane rural highway.
Master of Science

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Wen, Wen. "Forward Leading Vehicle Detection for Driver Assistant System." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42127.

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Keeping a safe distance from the forward-leading vehicle is an essential feature of modern Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS), especially for transportation companies with a fleet of trucks. We propose in this thesis a Forward Collision Warning (FCW) system, which collects visual information using smartphones attached for instance to the windshield of a vehicle. The basic idea is to detect the forward-leading vehicle and estimate its distance from the vehicle. Given the limited resources of computation and memory of mobile devices, the main challenge of this work is running CNN-based object detectors at real-time without hurting the performance. In this thesis, we analyze the bounding boxes distribution of the vehicles, then propose an efficient and customized deep neural network for forward-leading vehicle detection. We apply a detection-tracking scheme to increase the frame rate of vehicle detection and maintain good performance. Then we propose a simple leading vehicle distance estimation approach for monocular cameras. With the techniques above, we build an FCW system that has low computation and memory requirements that are suitable for mobile devices. Our FCW system has 49% less allocated memory, 7.5% higher frame rate, and 21% less battery consumption speed than popular deep object detectors. A sample video is available at https://youtu.be/-ptvfabBZWA.

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Vaidya, Varun, and Kushal Bheemesh. "Adaptive Warning Field System." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, CAISR Centrum för tillämpade intelligenta system (IS-lab), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-35312.

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This thesis is based on the work carried out in the field of safety systems for Autonomous Guided Vehicles(AGV). With autonomous vehicles being more prominent today, safe traversing of these is a major concern. The same is true for AGVs working in industry environment like forklift trucks etc. Our work applies to industrial robots. The method described here is developed by closely following an algorithm developed for safe traversing of a robot using a warning field. The report describes the literature review with work related to the safe traversing, path planning and collision avoidance in robots. The next part is dedicated to describing the methodology of implementation of the Adaptive Warning Field Method and the Dynamic Window Approach. The evaluation of the Adaptive Warning Method with the previous developed Warning Field Methods is done and test cases are designed to test the working of the designed method. Vrep simulation environment and Industrial data is used to run a simulation of the robot using the method developed in this work. We find that the method performs better compared to the previous methods in the designed scenarios. Lastly we conclude the report with the future work that can be carried out to improve and extend the algorithm.

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Kim, Yong-Seok. "Effects of Driver, Vehicle, and Environment Characteristics on Collision Warning System Design." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1121.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of driver, vehicle, and environment characteristics on Collision Warning System (CWS) design. One hypothesis was made that the capability of collision avoidance would not be same among a driver, vehicle, and environment group with different characteristics. Accident analysis and quantitative analysis was used to examine this hypothesis in terms of ‘risk’ and ‘safety margin’ respectively. Rear-end collision had a stronger focus in the present study.

As a result of accident analysis, heavy truck showed a higher susceptibility of the fatal rear-end accidents than car and light truck. Also, dry road surface compared to wet or snow, dark condition compared to daylight condition, straight road compared to curved road, level road compared to grade, crest or sag, roadway having more than 5 travel lanes compared to roadway having 2, 3 or 4 travel lanes showed a higher susceptibility of the fatal rear-end accidents. Relative rear-end accidents involvement proportion compared to the other types of collision was used as a measure of susceptibility.

As a result of quantitative analysis, a significant difference in terms of Required Minimum Warning Distance (RMWD) was made among a different vehicle type and braking system group. However, relatively small difference was made among a different age, gender group in terms of RMWD. Based on the result, breaking performance of vehicle should be regarded as an input variable in the design of CWS, specifically warning timing criteria, was concluded.

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Xie, Bingqian. "Lane Departure and Front Collision Warning System Using Monocular and Stereo Vision." Digital WPI, 2015. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/274.

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Driving Assistance Systems such as lane departure and front collision warning has caught great attention for its promising usage on road driving. This, this research focus on implementing lane departure and front collision warning at same time. In order to make the system really useful for real situation, it is critical that the whole process could be near real-time. Thus we chose Hough Transform as the main algorithm for detecting lane on the road. Hough Transform is used for that it is a very fast and robust algorithm, which makes it possible to execute as many frames as possible per frames. Hough Transform is used to get boundary information, so that we could decide if the car is doing lane departure based on the car's position in lane. Later, we move on to use front car's symmetry character to do front car detection, and combine it with Camshift tracking algorithm to fill the gap for failure of detection. Later we introduce camera calibration, stereo calibration, and how to calculate real distance from depth map.

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Jacob, Paravila O. "Intelligent Collision Warning System Based on Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network Technologies." NSUWorks, 1997. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/605.

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The recent technological changes in computer and industrial control systems have been steadily extending the capabilities to handle a broad range of complex systems. The emergence and development of computer technology and intelligent systems during the past few decades have created a highly promising direction in the field of artificial intelligence. It is increasingly difficult to describe any real system as the level of complexity continues to increase. A combination of systems and techniques are necessary to solve many complex problems. This new direction involves the use of fuzzy logic and artificial neural network theory to enhance the ability of intelligent systems that can learn from experience and to adapt to changes in an environment of uncertainty and imprecision. The Intelligent Automotive Collision Warning System was developed as a rule based system by integrating a fuzzy logic controller with artificial neural network software. The Intelligent Automotive Collision Warning system constantly monitors the speed of the vehicle and the distance of any object in front of the vehicle using an ultrasonic ranging module to warn the operator to maintain a safe operating distance by using fuzzy logic theory and artificial neural network software. Descriptive statistics was used for collecting and organizing the data. Inferential statistics was used to prove the hypotheses based on the results of the collected data. NeuFuz4 software was used to train the neural network and to optimize the fuzzy rule base. The fuzzy logic technology provided a means of converting a linguistic control strategy to operate the warning system. The input/output relationship was defined by fuzzy membership functions which enabled the numerical inputs to be expressed as fuzzy variables using linguistic terms. A new fuzzy logic operator was also developed to optimize the fuzzy input/output relationship.

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Winkler, Susann, Julia Werneke, and Mark Vollrath. "Timing of early warning stages in a multi stage collision warning system: Drivers' evaluation depending on situational influences." Elsevier, 2016. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33941.

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By means of car2x communication technologies (car2x) driver warnings can be presented to drivers quite early. However, due to their early timing they could be misunderstood by drivers, distract or even disturb them. These problems arise if, at the moment of the warning, the safety–critical situation is not yet perceivable or critical. In order to examine, when drivers want to receive early warnings as a function of the situation criticality, a driving simulator study was conducted using the two early warning stages of a multi stage collision warning system (first stage: informing the driver; second stage: prewarning the driver). The optimum timing to activate these two early warning stages was derived by examining the drivers’ evaluation of these timings concerning their appropriateness and usefulness. As situational variation, drivers traveling at about 100 km/h were confronted with slow moving traffic either driving at 25 km/h or 50 km/h at the end of a rural road. In total, 24 participants were tested in a within-subjects design (12 female, 12 male; M = 26.6 years, SD = 7.2 years). For both stages, drivers preferred an earlier timing when approaching slow moving traffic traveling at 25 km/h (first stage: 447 m, second stage: 249 m ahead of the lead vehicle) compared to 50 km/h (first stage: 338 m, second stage: 186 m ahead of the lead vehicle). The drivers’ usefulness rating also varied with the timing, spanning a range of 8 s for driver-accepted timing variations and showed correspondence to the drivers’ appropriateness ratings. Based on these results and those of a previous study, a timing function for each of the two early warning stages depending on the speed difference between the safety–critical object and the host vehicle is presented. Indirectly, similar adaptations are already implemented in current collision warning systems, which use the time-to-collision to give drivers acute warnings in a later stage, when an immediate reaction of the driver may still prevent a collision. However, this study showed that drivers also favor this kind of adaptation for earlier warning stages (information and prewarning). Thus, adapting the timing according to the drivers’ preferences will contribute to a better acceptance of these collision warning systems.

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Ewing, Jr Paul Lee. "The design and implementation of tracking and filtering algorithms for an aircraft Beacon collision warning system." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1182435307.

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Fitch, Gregory M. "Driver Comprehension of Integrated Collision Avoidance System Alerts Presented through a Haptic Driver Seat." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26281.

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Active safety systems that warn automobile drivers of various types of impending collisions have been developed. How these systems alert drivers when integrated, however, is a crucial component to their effectiveness that hinges on the consideration of human factors. Driversâ ability to comprehend multiple alerts presented through a haptic driver seat was investigated in this dissertation. Twenty-four participants, balanced for age and gender, drove an instrumented vehicle on a test-track while haptic alerts (vibrations in the driver seat) were generated. Driversâ ability to transmit the information conveyed by the alerts was investigated through two experiments. The first experiment investigated the effects of increasing the number of potential alerts on driversâ response performance. The second experiment investigated whether presenting haptic alerts through unique versus common locations in the driver seat affects driversâ response performance. Younger drivers (between the ages of 18 and 25 years old) were found to efficiently process the increased information contained in the alerts, while older drivers were not as efficient. However, it is foreseeable that older driver performance decrements may be assuaged when a crash context is provided. A third experiment evaluated the haptic driver seatâ s ability to alert distracted drivers to an actual crash threat. Drivers that received a haptic seat alert returned their gaze to the forward roadway sooner, removed their foot from the throttle sooner, pressed the brake pedal sooner, and stopped farther away from an inflatable barricade than drivers that did not receive a haptic seat alert. No age or gender effects were found in this experiment. Furthermore, half of the drivers that received the haptic seat alert lifted up on the throttle before returning their eyes to the forward roadway. This suggests these drivers developed an automatic response to the haptic seat alerts through their experience with the previous two experiments. A three-alert haptic seat approach, the intermediate alternative tested, is recommended providing specific design requirements are met.
Ph. D.

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Abe, Genya. "The impact of trust on driver response to forward collision warning systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34525.

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This thesis reports five studies that investigate the impact of trust on driver response to forward collision warning systems (FCWS). The experiments, while self-contained were conceived to relate together in a cohesive way. The first three studies investigated the relationship between alarm timing and driver performance in collision situations in a broad range of driving conditions. These studies also established trust models describing changes in driver subjective ratings of trust in response to alarm timing. It was found that an early alarm timing led to quick braking reaction times, resulting from prompt accelerator release. A middle alarm timing induced more consistent braking response than a control condition in which no alarms were presented. A late alarm timing had the potential to delay braking response when driving with long time headways. With respect to trust, early alarm timings induced higher levels of trust than late or middle alarm timings. Moreover the results suggest that the conflict between driver expectation of alarm performance and actual alarm timing results in decreased trust.

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Phan, Minh Tien. "Estimation of driver awareness of pedestrian for an augmented reality advanced driving assistance system." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2280/document.

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La réalité augmentée (Augmented Reality ou AR) peut potentiellement changer significativement l’expérience utilisateur. Au contraire les applications sur Smartphone ou tablette, les technologies d’affichage tête haute (Head Up Display ouHUD) aujourd’hui sont capables de projeter localement sur une zone du pare-brise ou globalement sur tout le pare-brise. Le conducteur peut alors percevoir l’information directement dans son champ de vision. Ce ne sont pas que les informations basiques comme vitesse ou navigation, le système peut aussi afficher des aides, des indicateurs qui guident l’attention du conducteur vers les dangers possibles. Il existe alors un chalenge scientifique qui est de concevoir des visualisations d’interactions qui s’adaptent en fonction de l’observation de la scène mais aussi en fonction de l’observation du conducteur. Dans le contexte des systèmes d’alerte de collision avec les piétons (Pedestrian Collision Warning System ou PCWS), l’efficacité de la détection du piéton a atteint un niveau élevé grâce à la technologie de vision. Pourtant, les systèmes d’alerte ne s’adaptent pas au conducteur et à la situation, ils deviennent alors une source de distraction et sont souvent négligés par le conducteur. Pour ces raisons, ce travail de thèse consiste à proposer un nouveau concept de PCWS avec l’AR (nommé the AR-PCW system). Premièrement, nous nous concentrons sur l’étude de la conscience de la situation (Situation Awareness ou SA) du conducteur lorsqu’il y a un piéton présent devant le véhicule. Nous proposons une approche expérimentale pour collecter les données qui représentent l’attention du conducteur vis-à-vis du piéton (Driver Awareness of Pedestrian ou DAP) et l’inattention du conducteur vis-à-vis de celui-ci (Driver Unawareness of Pedestrian ou DUP). Ensuite, les algorithmes basées sur les charactéristiques, les modèles d’apprentissage basés sur les modèles discriminants (ex, Support Vector Machine ou SVM) ou génératifs (Hidden Markov Model ou HMM) sont proposés pour estimer le DUP et le DAP. La décision de notre AR-PCW system est effectivement basée sur ce modèle. Deuxièmement, nous proposons les aides ARs pour améliorer le DAP après une étude de l’état de l’art sur les ARs dans le contexte de la conduite automobile. La boite englobante autour du piéton et le panneau d’alerte de danger sont utilisés. Finalement, nous étudions expérimentalement notre système AR-PCW en analysant les effets des aides AR sur le conducteur. Un simulateur de conduite est utilisé et la simulation d’une zone HUD dans la scène virtuelle sont proposés. Vingt-cinq conducteurs de 2 ans de permis de conduite ont participé à l’expérimentation. Les situations ambigües sont créées dans le scénario de conduite afin d’analyser le DAP. Le conducteur doit suivre un véhicule et les piétons apparaissent à différents moments. L’effet des aides AR sur le conducteur est analysé à travers ses performances à réaliser la tâche de poursuite et ses réactions qui engendrent le DAP. Les résultats objectifs et subjectifs montrent que les aides AR sont capables d’améliorer le DAP défini en trois niveaux : perception, vigilance et anticipation. Ce travail de thèse a été financé sur une bourse ministère et a été réalisé dans le cadre des projets FUI18 SERA et Labex MS2T qui sont financé par le Gouvernement Français, à travers le programme « Investissement pour l’avenir » géré par le ANR (Référence ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02)
Augmented reality (AR) can potentially change the driver’s user experience in significant ways. In contrast of the AR applications on smart phones or tablets, the Head-Up-Displays (HUD) technology based on a part or all wind-shield project information directly into the field of vision, so the driver does not have to look down at the instrument which maybe causes to the time-critical event misses. Until now, the HUD designers try to show not only basic information such as speed and navigation commands but also the aids and the annotations that help the driver to see potential dangers. However, what should be displayed and when it has to be displayed are still always the questions in critical driving context. In another context, the pedestrian safety becomes a serious society problem when half of traffic accidents around the world are among pedestrians and cyclists. Several advanced Pedestrian Collision Warning Systems (PCWS) have been proposed to detect pedestrians using the on-board sensors and to inform the driver of their presences. However, most of these systems do not adapt to the driver’s state and can become extremely distracting and annoying when they detect pedestrian. For those reasons, this thesis focuses on proposing a new concept for the PCWS using AR (so called the AR-PCW system). Firstly, for the «When» question, the display decision has to take into account the driver’s states and the critical situations. Therefore, we investigate the modelisation of the driver’s awareness of a pedestrian (DAP) and the driver’s unawareness of a pedestrian (DUP). In order to do that, an experimental approach is proposed to observe and to collect the driving data that present the DAP and the DUP. Then, the feature-based algorithms, the data-driven models based on the discriminative models (e.g. Support Vector Machine) or the generative models (e.g. Hidden Markov Model) are proposed to recognize the DAP and the DUP. Secondly, for the «What» question, our proposition is inspired by the state-of-the-art on the AR in the driving context. The dynamic bounding-box surrounding the pedestrian and the static danger panel are used as the visual aids. Finally, in this thesis, we study experimentally the benefits and the costs of the proposed AR-PCW system and the effects of the aids on the driver. A fixed-based driving simulator is used. A limited display zone on screen is proposed to simulate the HUD. Twenty five healthy middle-aged licensed drivers in ambiguous driving scenarios are explored. Indeed, the heading-car following is used as the main driving task whereas twenty three pedestrians appear in the circuit at different moment and with different behaviors. The car-follow task performance and the awareness of pedestrian are then accessed through the driver actions. The objective results as well as the subjective results show that the visual aids can enhance the driver’s awareness of a pedestrian which is defined with three levels: perception, vigilance and anticipation. This work has been funded by a Ministry scholarship and was carried out in the framework of the FUI18 SERA project, and the Labex MS2T which is funded by the French Government, through the program ”Investments for the future” managed by the National Agency for Research (Reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02)

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Wege, Claudia. "Adaptive Eyes." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-164158.

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Technology pervades our daily living, and is increasingly integrated into the vehicle – directly affecting driving. On the one hand technology such as cell phones provoke driver distraction and inattention, whereas, on the other hand, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) support the driver in the driving task. The question is, can a driver successfully adapt to the ever growing technological advancements? Thus, this thesis aimed at improving safe driver behaviour by understanding the underlying psychological mechanisms that influence behavioural change. Previous research on ADAS and human attention was reviewed in the context of driver behavioural adaptation. Empirical data from multiple data sources such as driving performance data, visual behaviour data, video footage, and subjective data were analyzed to evaluate two ADAS (a brake-capacity forward collision warning system, B-FCW, and a Visual Distraction Alert System, VDA-System). Results from a field operational test (EuroFOT) showed that brake-capacity forward collision warnings lead to immediate attention allocation toward the roadway and drivers hit the brake, yet change their initial response later on by directing their eyes toward the warning source in the instrument cluster. A similar phenomenon of drivers changing initial behaviour was found in a driving simulator study assessing a Visual Distraction Alert System. Analysis showed that a Visual Distraction Alert System successfully assists drivers in redirecting attention to the relevant aspects of the driving task and significantly improves driving performance. The effects are discussed with regard to behavioural adaptation, calibration and system acceptance. Based on these findings a novel assessment for human-machine-interaction (HMI) of ADAS was introduced. Based on the contribution of this thesis and previous best-practices, a holistic safety management model on accident prevention strategies (before, during and after driving) was developed. The DO-IT BEST Feedback Model is a comprehensive feedback strategy including driver feedback at various time scales and therefore is expected to provide an added benefit for distraction and inattention prevention. The central contributions of this work are to advance research in the field of traffic psychology in the context of attention allocation strategies, and to improve the ability to design future safety systems with the human factor in focus. The thesis consists of the introduction of the conducted research, six publications in full text and a comprehensive conclusion of the publications. In brief this thesis intends to improve safe driver behaviour by understanding the underlying psychological mechanisms that influence behavioral change, thereby resulting in more attention allocation to the forward roadway, and improved vehicle control
Technologie durchdringt unser tägliches Leben und ist zunehmend integriert in Fahrzeuge – das Resultat sind veränderte Anforderungen an Fahrzeugführer. Einerseits besteht die Gefahr, dass er durch die Bedienung innovativer Technologien (z.B. Mobiltelefone) unachtsam wird und visuell abgelenkt ist, andererseits kann die Nutzung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen die den Fahrer bei der Fahraufgabe unterstützten einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Fahrsicherheit bieten. Die steigende Aktualität beider Problematiken wirft die Frage auf: "Kann der Fahrer sich erfolgreich dem ständig wachsenden technologischen Fortschritt anpassen?" Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist der Erkenntnisgewinn zur Verbesserung des Fahrverhaltens indem der Verhaltensänderungen zugrunde liegende psychologische Mechanismen untersucht werden. Eine Vielzahl an Literatur zu Fahrerassistenzsystemen und Aufmerksamkeitsverteilung wurde vor dem Hintergrund von Verhaltensanpassung der Fahrer recherchiert. Daten mehrerer empirischer Quellen, z. B. Fahrverhalten, Blickbewegungen, Videomitschnitte und subjektive Daten dienten zur Datenauswertung zweier Fahrerassistenzsysteme. Im Rahmen einer Feldstudie zeigte sich, dass Bremskapazitäts-Kollisionswarnungen zur sofortigen visuellen Aufmerksamkeitsverteilung zur Fahrbahn und zum Bremsen führen, Fahrer allerdings ihre Reaktion anpassen indem sie zur Warnanzeige im Kombinationsinstrument schauen. Ein anderes Phänomen der Verhaltensanpassung wurde in einer Fahrsimulatorstudie zur Untersuchung eines Ablenkungswarnsystems, das dabei hilft die Blicke von Autofahrern stets auf die Straße zu lenken, gefunden. Diese Ergebnisse weisen nach, dass solch ein System unterstützt achtsamer zu sein und sicherer zu fahren. Die vorliegenden Befunde wurden im Zusammenhang zu Vorbefunden zur Verhaltensanpassung zu Fahrerassistenzsystemen, Fahrerkalibrierung und Akzeptanz von Technik diskutiert. Basierend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurde ein neues Vorgehen zur Untersuchung von Mensch- Maschine-Interaktion eingeführt. Aufbauend auf den Resultaten der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein ganzheitliches Modell zur Fahrsicherheit und -management, das DO-IT BEST Feedback Modell, entwickelt. Das Modell bezieht sich auf multitemporale Fahrer-Feedbackstrategien und soll somit einen entscheidenen Beitrag zur Verkehrssicherheit und dem Umgang mit Fahrerunaufmerksamkeit leisten. Die zentralen Beiträge dieser Arbeit sind die Gewinnung neuer Erkenntnisse in den Bereichen der Angewandten Psychologie und der Verkehrspsychologie in den Kontexten der Aufmerksamkeitsverteilung und der Verbesserung der Gestaltung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen fokusierend auf den Bediener. Die Dissertation besteht aus einem Einleitungsteil, drei empirischen Beiträgen sowie drei Buchkapiteln und einer abschliessenden Zusammenfassung

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Wilkerson, Jaxon. "Handoff of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) using a Driver-in-the-Loop Simulator and Model Predictive Control (MPC)." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595262540712316.

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Lees, Monica. "Context conditions drivers' disposition towards alarms." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/845.

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Collision warning systems represent a promising means to reduce rear-end crash involvement. However, these systems experience failures in the real-world that may promote driver distrust and diminish drivers' willingness to comply with warnings. Recent research suggests that not all false alarms (FAs) are detrimental to drivers. However, very few studies have examined how different alarms influence different driving populations. The purpose of this research was to examine how younger, middle-aged, and older drivers (with and without UFOV impairments) evaluated and responded to four different alarm contexts - false alarm (FA), nuisance alarm (NA), unnecessary alarm (UA) and true alarm (TA) - when they did and did not receive warnings. FA contexts represent out-of-path conflict scenarios where it is difficult for the driver to identify the source of the alarm. NA contexts represent out-of-path conflict scenarios that occur in a predictable manner that allows drivers to identify the source of the alarm. UA contexts are transitioning host conflict scenarios where the system issues an alert but the situation resolves itself before the driver needs to intervene. TA contexts represent in-host conflict scenarios where the situation requires the driver to intervene to avoid a collision. The results suggest that alarm context does matter. Compared to response data that differentiates FA and NA from UA and TA, subjective data shows greater sensitivity and differentiates between all four alarm contexts (FA Younger drivers indicated a high degree of confidence in their own ability across the different conditions. While they adopted a similar response pattern as middle-aged drivers during the TA contexts, these drivers responded less frequently than middle-aged and older drivers during the UA context. Diminished hazard perception ability and the tendency to consider these situations less hazardous likely account for the fewer responses made during these situations by younger drivers. Older drivers with and without UFOV impairments indicated similar hazard ratings for UA and TA contexts, yet drivers with UFOV impairments responded less frequently in both alarm contexts. Diminished hazard perception ability, slower simple response times, and degraded contrast sensitivity likely account for the fewer and slower responses. Interestingly older drivers with impairments did respond more frequently when warned during the TA context. They also rated FAs and NAs more positively than the other driver groups. The results of this study suggest applying signal detection theory without concern for the alarm context and driver characteristics is insufficient for understanding how different alarms influence operators and that subjective data can inform design. Researchers are encouraged to combine multiple perspectives that incorporate of both an engineering and human perspective.

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El, Zarif Jamal A. "Deploying an ITS Warning System for No-Passing Zones on Two-Lane Rural Roads." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28195.

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A new safety application, as part of ITS Advanced Rural Transportation System (ARTS), has been developed to be deployed on a two-lane rural road (Route 114), in Southwest Virginia. The route segment under study is subject to significant head-on accidents, as a result of two main conditions: 1- Illegal passing maneuvers crossing solid yellow line, and 2- A short passing sight distance due to the road vertical profile. The main objective of this research is to design a video detection-based warning system by installing an affordable and efficient system on the vertical crest curve on Route 114, capable of performing the following two main functions: 1.Detect vehicles that attempt to violate the no-passing zone restriction (i.e. when crossing into the opposing direction). 2.Warn the drivers violating the restriction in order to discourage them from continuing their maneuvers. System architecture as well as detailed system design was developed. A system simulation was conducted with the use of a special software program written with MATLAB. The simulation was applied for both "with" and "without" the system cases. The simulation runs showed that the system could virtually eliminate all head-on collisions, should violators obey the early warning messages displayed. Several sensitivity tests were made for different scenarios. Finally, the viability of the system was evaluated from economic point of view. The financial analysis revealed high economic indicators.
Ph. D.

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Henriksson, Tomas. "Driver Assistance Systemswith focus onAutomatic Emergency Brake." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121306.

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This thesis work aims at performing a survey of those technologies generally called DriverAssistance Systems (DAS). This thesis work focuses on gathering information in terms ofaccident statistics, sensors and functions and analyzing this information and shall thruaccessible information match functions with accidents, functions with sensors etc.This analysis, based on accidents in United States and Sweden during the period 1998 – 2002and two truck accident studies, shows that of all accidents with fatalities or sever injuriesinvolving a heavy truck almost half are the result of a frontal impact. About one fourth of theaccidents are caused by side impact, whereas single vehicle and rear impact collisions causesaround 14 % each. Of these, about one fourth is collision with unprotected (motorcycles,mopeds, bicycles, and pedestrians) whereas around 60 % are collision with other vehicles.More than 90 % of all accidents are partly the result of driver error and about 75 % aredirectly the result of driver error. Hence there exist a great opportunity to reduce the numberof accidents by introducing DAS.In this work, an analysis of DAS shows that six of the systems discussed today have thepotential to prevent 40 – 50 % of these accidents, whereas 20 – 40 % are estimated to actuallyhaving the chance to be prevented.One of these DAS, automatic emergency brake (AEB), has been analyzed in more detail.Decision models for an emergency brake capable to mitigate rear-end accidents has beendesigned and evaluated. The results show that this model has high capabilities to mitigatecollisions.

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Salameh, Nadeen. "Conception d’un système d’alerte embarqué basé sur les communications entre véhicules." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAM0016/document.

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Récemment, dans la recherche automobile et dans le domaine des transports intelligents,plusieurs projets intéressants ont été menés afin de diminuer le nombre d’accidents. Lors du développement de ces projets, de nouveaux systèmes d’aide à la conduite ont été proposés,comme les systèmes de prévention de collision, d’aide à la vision de nuit et à la navigation.Ces études ont permis de proposer de nouvelles perspectives telles que les systèmes d’aide à la conduite coopératifs, en utilisant la communication entre les véhicules ou entre les véhicules et l’infrastructure basée sur les réseaux VANETs. Pour évaluer l’impact de systèmes ADAS sur l’amélioration de la sécurité routière et la réaction du conducteur, il est indispensable d’utiliser des outils flexibles et efficaces. Des métriques intéressantes sont ainsi proposées dans le but de tester la performance de ces systèmes. La plateforme LaRA qui est équipée de plusieurs capteurs et d’un système d’acquisition en temps réel nous a fourni une base de données réelles de position et de vitesse. Ces données sont traitées et analysées afin de calculer les métriques de performances tels que : la distance entre véhicules et le temps à collision. Nous avons proposé dans cette thèse une nouvelle méthodologie de développement pour le prototypage de systèmes ADAS. Cette méthodologie dédiée aux systèmes ADAS coopératifs, combine les données de plusieurs modules tels que : le module de vision, le module de communication V2V et le module de géo-localisation GPS. Un des problèmes majeurs des systèmes ADAS communicants concerne la qualité et la robustesse de la communication. Elle est fonction d’un grand nombre de paramètres qu’il faut modéliser pour pouvoir évaluer la fiabilité du système d’aide à la conduite.Nous proposons ainsi, un système de prototypage basé sur le principe de la réalité augmentée,dans lequel nous pouvons rejouer des données réelles et modifier des paramètres de l’environnement de communication. Nous avons mis en œuvre notre méthodologie avec la réalisation d’un système d’alerte coopératif entre les véhicules. Les données du système de géolocalisation GPS et les protocoles de routage ont été des éléments primordiaux pour la simulation du modèleV2V sous le simulateur ns-2. L’étape de la simulation du protocole avec les données réelles a été suivie par l’intégration des résultats de simulations dans le nouveau prototype développé sous RTMaps. La mise en œuvre du système d’alerte a permis d’estimer le nombre de pré-collisions détectées dans les deux situations réelle et simulée. L’écart entre ces deux dernières a été étudié et analysé pour plusieurs scénarios qui correspondent aux différentes situations routières
During the last recent years, ADAS systems such as collision warning, tracking, night vision and navigation systems have been developed. The development of these systems has witness eda growing importance, as they are expected to help improving both road safety and traffic efficiency. More over, they have an ability to enhance the communication between the road infrastructure and the vehicle or between vehicles for safer and efficient transportation services such as : embedded advance collision, collision avoidance and automatic control. In addition,given the rapidly increasing interest in wireless communications, cooperative ADAS define anew framework of autonomous inter vehicular communication which operates on the assumption that such vehicles consist of a multitude of coordinated advanced sensory technologies.Sensors acquire real-time data about road conditions to help the driver respond effectively by sending appropriate messages between vehicles. In addition, these data help to assess the performance of ADAS in the context of improving driver behavior. It is necessary to set some main metrics such as inter-vehicle distance, driver reaction time and time to collision. The messages are transmitted to drivers using vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) which are a specific type of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks hold the promise to contribute to safe and more efficient roadways.In this thesis we proposed a new methodology of development to prototype ADAS. This methodology dedicated to cooperative ADAS drove us to implement a new simulated frameworkof prototyping system. This framework combines the data from three models : Geo-localizationGPS, vision and V2V communication towards an application of anti-collision warning system. A major problem in communicating ADAS systems is the quality and robustness of the communication.It depends on a large number of parameters that must be modeled to assess there liability of these systems. We developed a new prototyping system based on the principle ofaugmenting the reality in which we can replay actual data and change settings of communication environment. The GPS data and routing protocols were crucial elements for V2V model simulation into ns-2 simulator. We have performed real tests on the experimental prototyping platform LaRA. Multiple results are presented to show up the constancy of the method and the performance efficiency of real-time multi sensors in an integrated framework for collision avoidance applications. Results of this research have shown that IVCs simulations system provides enhanced data for the verification of features of new ADAS. The results of routing protocols simulation with real-time location data are integrated in the new developed prototype. The implementation of the system warning was used to estimate the number of pre-collisions detected in both real and simulated situations. The difference between these two situations was studied and analyzed for several scenarios corresponding to different road situations

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18

Winters, John. "An Investigation of Auditory Icons and Brake Response Times in a Commercial Truck-Cab Environment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36714.

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In the driving task, vision, hearing, and the haptic senses are all used by the driver to gather required information. Future Intelligent Transportation Systems components are likely to further increase the volume of information available to or required by the driver, particularly in the case of commercial vehicle operators. The use of alternate modalities to present in-vehicle information is a possible solution to the potential overload of the visual channel. Auditory icons have been shown to improve operator performance and decrease learning and response times, not only in industrial applications, but also as emergency braking warnings. The use of auditory icons in commercial truck cabs has the potential to increase the number of auditory displays that can be distinguished and understood by commercial vehicle operators, and this experiment sought to determine the utility of auditory icons in that situation. Nine auditory icons were evaluated by commercial vehicle operators as they drove an experimental vehicle over public roads. A comparison of the data collected in the truck-cab environment to data collected in a laboratory study on the same auditory icons revealed some differences in the perceived meaning, perceived urgency, and association with the auditory icons' intended meanings between the two conditions. The presence of these differences indicates that driver evaluations of auditory icons can be affected by the environment, and testing should therefore be conducted in a situation that approximates the end-user environment as closely as possible. A comparison of the drivers' brake response times across the three warning conditions (no warning, auditory icon, and soft braking) was also conducted on a closed, secure handling course. Dependent measures included overall brake reaction time and its components, steering response time, time to initial driver action, and categorical measures of driver responses (steering, swerving, braking, and stopping). The results indicated numerically shorter mean response times (on the order of 0.5 seconds for Total Brake Response Time) for the two conditions with warnings, but the differences were not statistically significant. The most likely reason for this lack of significance is the extreme between-subject variability in response times in the no warning condition. An analysis of the response time variance across the three conditions did indicate significantly less variability in operator responses in the two warning conditions. Two of the five dependent measures (Brake Pedal Contact Time and Total Brake Response Time) exhibited significantly reduced variance in the auditory icon warning condition compared to the no warning condition. The soft braking warning condition exhibited significantly reduced variance for four of the dependent measures (Accelerator Reaction Time, Brake Pedal Contact Time, Total Brake Response Time, and First Reaction Time). These results indicate that a soft braking stimulus like that used in this study could potentially prove to be a more effective emergency braking warning than simple auditory warnings alone.
Master of Science

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Fulton, Neale Leslie Aerospace &amp Mechanical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Regional airspace design: a structured systems engineering approach." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38722.

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There has been almost fifteen years of political controversy surrounding changes to the rules and procedures by which aircraft conduct their flight within regional Australia. Decisions based on a predominately heuristic (rule of thumb) approach to design have had many adverse consequences for the integrity of the proximity warning function. A sound mathematical model is required to establish this function on a mature engineering foundation. To achieve this, the proximity warning function has been investigated as a hybrid-system. This approach recognises the dual nature of the design: that aircraft dynamics give rise to continuous mathematical models while the communication protocols controlling proximity require discrete mathematical approaches. The blending of each aspect has yielded a deeper insight into the operational limitations and failure modes of this function. The presentation of the thesis follows a design thread through the function. It begins with a description of existing standards and implementations. Risk models are then developed. The pilot interface is recognised as a primary design constraint. Mathematical models are then developed to describe the topology of flow, proximity dynamics, and the scheduling constraints associated with visual, voice, and data-link communications required by the proximity warning function. These analyses show that many aspects of design can be bounded by analytical formulae that bring new robustness to the design and resolve some of the misconceptions arising from the often inaccurate perceptions of present airspace operations. Failure modes, unaccounted for in existing designs are found to actually aggravate failure in the very situations in which the airspace design should be robust and should act to prevent collisions. In particular, there are divergences of performance between the demands required by the system design and the ability of the pilot to deliver such performances. In some cases, these failures may be traced to policy decisions such as service between Instrument Flight Rule and Visual Flight Rule category aircraft. On the basis of the conclusions of this research, a formal engineering review of the proximity warning function is required to assure the containment of the likelihood of mid-air collision for all future operations.

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Popken, Anke. "Drivers’ reliance on lane keeping assistance systems as a function of the level of assistance." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201000382.

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Fahrerassistenzsysteme werden zunehmend in Fahrzeuge eingebaut mit dem Ziel, den Fahrer beim Fahren zu unterstützen, Fahrfehler zu vermeiden und damit die Fahrsicherheit zu erhöhen. Derzeit sind häufig Systeme im Einsatz, die den Fahrer vor bestimmten Sicherheitsrisiken warnen (z.B. vor einem unbeabsichtigten Verlassen der Fahrspur). Der Trend geht aber hin zu Systemen, die stärker ins Fahrgeschehen eingreifen und somit Teile der Fahraufgabe automatisieren (z.B. selbständig die Spurhaltung des Fahrzeugs übernehmen). Aus der Forschung zur Mensch-Maschine Interaktion ist jedoch bekannt, dass Automatisierung nicht zwangsläufig zur Erhöhung von Sicherheit führt, sondern dass sie vielmehr auch unerwünschte Nebeneffekte für Performanz und Sicherheit mit sich bringen kann in dem Maße, wie Menschen an die veränderten Aufgabenanforderungen adaptieren. Im Straßenverkehr wird insbesondere befürchtet, dass Fahrer sich zu stark auf Fahrerassistenzsysteme verlassen, sich teilweise aus der Fahraufgabe zurückziehen („abschalten“) und ihre Aufmerksamkeit fahrfremden Dingen widmen. Dies kann unter Umständen dazu führen, dass Fahrer im Falle von Systemfehlern oder –ausfällen nicht mehr in der Lage sind rechtzeitig und angemessen einzugreifen bzw. die Kontrolle über das Fahrzeug zu übernehmen. Ziel der Dissertation war es zu untersuchen, inwieweit sich die Involviertheit von Fahrern in die Fahraufgabe verändert je stärker sie durch ein Assistenzsystem unterstützt werden (d.h., je stärker das System Teile der Fahraufgabe automatisiert). Um dies zu untersuchen wurden zwei theoretische Konzepte herangezogen: a) das Verlassen der Fahrer (auf ein System) und b) das Situationsbewusstsein der Fahrer. Basierend auf einer umfassenden Analyse der Forschungsliteratur zum Thema Automatisierung wurde ein theoretisches Rahmenmodell entwickelt, welches Veränderungen in der Involviertheit des Fahrers in die Fahraufgabe auf menschliche Adaptationsprozesse auf verschiedenen Ebenen zurückführt, die sich in Folge der veränderten Aufgabenanforderungen durch zunehmende Automatisierung ergeben. Dazu zählen Veränderungen in Einstellungen, sowie in kognitiven, energetischen, und motivationalen Prozessen. Um Veränderungen in diesen Prozessen zu untersuchen, wurde eine Vielzahl an objektiven und subjektiven Maßen erhoben. Hauptgegenstand der Dissertation ist eine umfangreiche Fahrsimulatorstudie im Fahrsimulator mit Bewegungsplattform bei VTI (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute) in Linköping, Schweden. Dabei kamen zwei Querführungsassistenzsysteme (ein Heading Control System und ein Lane Departure Warning System) zum Einsatz, die den Fahrer in unterschiedlichem Maße bei der Spurhaltung unterstützten. Im Gegensatz zu einem Großteil der bisherigen Studien wurden prozessorientierte Performanzmaße zur Erfassung des Verlassens der Fahrer auf die Assistenzsysteme und des Situationsbewusstseins der Fahrer verwendet. Das Verlassen der Fahrer auf die Querführungsassistenzsysteme wurde durch Blickverhaltensmaße über die Bereitschaft der Fahrer erfasst, ihre visuelle Aufmerksamkeit von der Straße ab hin zu einer Zweitaufgabe im Fahrzeuginnenraum zu wenden. Zur Messung des Situationsbewusstseins der Fahrer wurden Fahrverhaltensmaße herangezogen welche als Indikator für die Schnelligkeit und Abruptheit der Reaktionen der Fahrer auf unerwartete kritische Fahrsituationen dienten. Ein Hauptbefund der Dissertation war, dass die Fahrer sich signifikant im Ausmaß ihres Verlassens auf einen hohen Grad an Assistenz unterschieden. Diese interindividuelle Varianz im Verlassen der Fahrer auf einen hohen Grad an Assistenz konnte am besten durch das Vertrauen der Fahrer in das Querführungsassistenzsystem und ihr Aktivierungsniveau erklärt werden: Je höher das Vertrauen der Fahrer in das System und je geringer ihr Aktivierungsniveau, desto stärker verließen sie sich auf das System. Individuelle Fahrermerkmale (Fahrstil) erklärten einen signifikanten Anteil der Varianz im Vertrauen der Fahrer in die Spurhalteassistenzsysteme. (ersetzt wegen neuem Herausgeber)
Advanced driver assistance systems are increasingly built in vehicles with the aim to support drivers while driving, to reduce driver errors and thereby to increase traffic safety. At present, these systems are often designed to warn drivers of specific safety risks (e.g., of an imminent departure from the driving lane). However, there is a trend towards systems that more strongly intervene in driving and that hence, automate parts of the driving task (e.g., autonomously keep the vehicle within the driving lane). However, research on human-machine interaction has shown that automation does not necessarily increase safety, but that it may also lead to unanticipated side effects on performance and safety to the extent that humans adapt to the changing task demands. A major concern in road traffic is that drivers rely too heavily on driver assistance systems, become less actively involved in the driving task, and divert their attention to things unrelated to driving. Thus, in the case of system malfunctions or failures, drivers possibly may not be prepared to intervene timely and accordingly and to regain control over the vehicle, respectively. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate changes in drivers’ active engagement in the driving task as a function of the degree to which they are supported by a driver assistance system (i.e., as a function of the degree to which the system automates the driving task). Drivers’ active task engagement was studied by referring to two theoretical concepts: a) drivers’ reliance (on a system) and b) drivers’ situation awareness. Based on an extensive review of previous research on automation, a conceptual theoretical framework was developed that links changes in operators’ active task engagement to human adaptation processes on different levels in response to the changing task demands due to automation. Among them are changes in human attitudes as well as in cognitive, motivational and energetic processes. In order to determine the relative influence of these processes, a range of objective and subjective measures was collected. The essential part of the dissertation is an extensive driving simulator study in an advanced moving-base driving simulator at VTI (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute) in Linköping, Sweden. Two lateral support systems (a Heading Control system and a Lane Departure Warning system) were implemented which assisted drivers to different degrees in lane keeping. Contrary to most previous automation studies, drivers’ reliance on the lane keeping assistance systems and their situation awareness were studied by using process-oriented performance-based measures. Drivers’ reliance on the lane keeping assistance systems was assessed by eye glance behaviour measures indicating drivers’ preparedness to allocate their visual attention away from the road scene to an in-vehicle secondary task. Drivers’ situation awareness was assessed by behavioural measures of the latency and magnitude of drivers’ initial reactions to unexpected critical driving situations. A major finding of the study was that drivers differed significantly in their reliance on a high level of lane keeping assistance. This interindividual variance in drivers’ reliance on higher-level assistance could be best explained by drivers’ trust in the system and their energetic arousal: The greater drivers’ trust in the system and the lower their arousal, the more did they rely on the system. Individual driver variables (driving style) explained a significant proportion of the variance in drivers’ trust in the lane keeping assistance systems. (replaced because a new publisher)

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CHANG, SHIN-WEN, and 張馨文. "A Vehicle Collision Warning System." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w33q9u.

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Chen-Wei, Jheng, and 鄭宸瑋. "IOS based Lane Departure Warning System and Forward Collision Warning System." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/udse5p.

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碩士
國立宜蘭大學
電機工程學系碩士班
103
In order to reduce traffic accidents, the iOS system based lane departure warning system (LDWS) and forward collision warning system (FCWS) in this paper. The start-condition is setting for LDWS and FCWS, which use GPS module to detect speed in iPhone. Users can set start-condition for LDWS, it divided highway and general situation based on setting. It is discussed for situation in lane departure. The lane model is divided into eight regions, to observe the edges in distribution. Edges-situation library is desired. Image data are analyzed for lane model and edges-situation library, to determine situation for lane departure. Pinhole camera model and dashed lines of lane are used to detect four meters in front of vehicle. When the system detects a vehicle near the camera, the warning mechanism is started. In experimental results, although the warning mechanism is affected in heavy rain, the system can handle most of situation for lane departure and collision in rain.

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Yang, Yuanjhih, and 楊沅智. "Weather-adapted Forward Collision Warning System." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93129061496914459383.

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碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程研究所
100
As the growing and progressive of technology, people change the styles of daily life, especially on the land vehicle. When people pursued advanced techniques as well as the humanistic technology, the traffic safety is also an important issue. We integrate the front car detection in day and night time, using different algorithm for the different time. The beginning we defined a criterion for judging what it day or night is, and decided what the algorithm we choose. The criterion judging day or night, we fetch fixed number of frame from different video. We fetch fixed pixels at fixed position for representing the whole image which size is 320×240, then calculating the average intensity and the percentage of bellow the threshold of pixels we fetch. According to the criterion, judging what it day or night is. In daytime forwarding collision warning system, we fetch vertical edge response image and horizontal edge response image by second difference mask. For adapting different weather, we filter the background at the upper half of the image according to the result of lane detection system before defining threshold. Then we generate the bi-level gradient image with appropriate threshold. Then find the continuous pixels belong to the horizontal edge, the horizontal edge we divided into positive and negative for representing the bottom of car and body of car respectively. We find whether it has enough of vertical edge patency or symmetric vertical edge pair at the end point of horizontal edge. If the horizontal edge confirmed, we calculate the proportion of width of the horizontal edge with lane with. If the proportion confirmed, the candidate vehicles generate. In nighttime forward collision warning system, we detect the tails of preceding vehicles. Then, we pair the lights using the features of the horizontal distance, the vertical heights, the trajectory, and correlation of a pair of lights. Finally, we estimate the time to collision (TTC) of the verified light pair and providing the warning for the driver.

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Kuo, Yao-Tsung, and 郭耀聰. "Design of Side Collision Warning System." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42023966837380972323.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系碩士班
92
Although rearview mirrors can be used to assist the driver to determine if there is enough safe distance for lane-change maneuvers, side collision accidents might still occur due to the existence of the bind spot or the inattention of the driver. A side collision warning system using low-cost ultrasonic radars is developed in this research to solve above problems. First, simple optics is used to analyze the field view of right and left outside mirrors with respect to different relative driver positions. The blind spot region is then defined according to above analysis. Different types of rearview mirrors, such as plane, convex, aspheric, and high-curvature convex ones, are also included in the analysis. In order to detect the blind spot and relative distances between the vehicle itself and vehicles moving in adjacent lanes, multiple low-cost ultrasonic radars are used to form a sensor array to measure relative distance and derive Time-to-collision (TTC) information. Both relative distance and TTC are used for the side collision warning system to issue warning through visual displays. Finally, an experimental vehicle is established for verifying the proposed algorithm under different maneuvers.

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Chien, Wei-cheng, and 簡偉丞. "Adaptive Lane Departure Warning and Nighttime Forward Collision Warning System." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69383371367577606029.

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碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程研究所
99
Currently, land vehicles are the most popular transportation devices in those few years, the amount of vehicles is rapidly increased, and then results in much more traffic accidents. The main factor of traffic accidents is the distraction of drivers, such as lane departure, road departure, rear collision, intersection collision, etc. Accroding to the reports of traffic accidents in many countries, the lane departure and rear collision are two important accident types; thus in this thesis we proposed an adaptive lane departure warning system and a forward collision warning system for night driving. In the adaptive lane departure warning system, we first generate a horizontal second-difference map. Then, we search the lane marks based on a pre-defined lane model in the map, Third, we judge the lane departure accroding to the detected lane marks. If the system fail to detect lane marks, the proposed adaptive learning module is launched to set proper range of line parameters for following frames. With such a learning strategy, the system will look for lane marks in the following frames as quickly as possible. In this study, we have implemented this system on a embedded system, and improved the system execution performance. The system performs an accepted frame rate of 12 frames per second with ARM 9 500MHz CPU. In nighttime forward collision warning system, we detect the tails of preceding vehicles. Then, we pair the lights using the features of: the horizontal distance, the vertical heights, the trajectory, and correlation of a pair of lights. Finally, we estimate the time to collision (TTC) of the verified light pair. The system was experimented on a personal computer and performed a high execution rate of 30 frames per second. The detection rate of preceding vehicles is also highly at 94.30% in average.

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Chen, Chun-Ting, and 陳俊廷. "Vision-Based Forward Collision Warning System for Vehicle." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53675190674641940770.

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碩士
淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
100
With the advance of vehicle-based electronic technology, the collision warning system improves a lot. Nowadays, more and more information technology, and electronic technology incorporate vehicle to enhance the driving security. These improvements not only enhance the driving security but also bring drivers relief while driving. Thus, the driving security is emphasized and anticipated. The rear-end collisions is the most common vehicle accidents on the busy highway, especially for the energy-consumed long distance driving. Without sufficient driving energy, the drivers may thus lack time to respond to the sudden situation. If we can properly warn the drivers before the accident occurs, the rear-end collisions or other kinds of vehicle accidents may be avoided; in other words, the security of the drivers is enhanced and ensured. This paper aims to reduce car accidents by providing vehicle forward collision warning system in order to detect the front vehicle. If the front vehicle gets too close thus enter the preset alert zone, the image of the front vehicle will be identified and the drivers will be immediately warned. In this paper, visual studio 2010 program development software and Intel OpenCV library are used in the forward collision warning system to keep the vehicles on its anticipated driving distance. My goal is to use vehicle forward collision warning system to increase the driving security and reduce car accident.

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Cai, Yun-Sheng, and 蔡昀昇. "Light-and-Weather-Adapted Forward Collision Warning System." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51695830351445938689.

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碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程學系
101
Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) has become an important research topic in recent years, the use of advanced technology assisted motorists to allow motorists more secure and substantial decline in traffic accidents. The standard driver assistance systems have many items, such as lane departure warning system, pedestrian detection system, forward collision warning system. This paper analyzed the weather brightness changes, and proposed changes in brightness can be adapted to different weather vehicle detection algorithm and stable detection criterion.we developed into an adaptive brightness and weather forward collision warning system. First, we integrate the car detection in day and night time, using different algorithm for the different time. The beginning we defined a criterion for judging what it day or night is, and decided what the algorithm we choose. The criterion judging day or night, we fetch fixed number of frame from different video. We fetch fixed pixels at fixed position for representing the whole image which size is 320×240, then calculating the average intensity and the percentage of bellow the threshold of pixels we fetch. According to the criterion, judging what it day or night. In daytime forwarding collision warning system, we define the detection area based on detected lane mark to avoid the impact of non-detection of objects on the road, and fetch vertical edge response image and horizontal edge response image by second difference mask. For adapting different weather, we use edge strength histogram and our binary threshold function to determine dynamically threshold value. we generate the bi-level gradient image with dynamically threshold. Then find the continuous pixels belong to the horizontal edge, the horizontal edge we divided into positive and negative for representing the bottom of car and body of car respectively. We find whether it has enough of vertical edge patency or symmetric vertical edge pair at the end point of horizontal edge. If the horizontal edge confirmed, we calculate the proportion of width of the horizontal edge with lane width. If the proportion confirmed, the candidate vehicles generate. In bad weather condition, the vehicles are detected by tail lights. For example, in the heavy rain, the vehicle is very vague and can not use edge information to detect. In this case, the driver usually turns taillights to warn vehicles behind, so we captured the red taillight features to detect vehicles. In daytime forwarding collision warning system, once the vehicle is detected we will estimate the distance and calculate the time to collision to (TTC) judge whether they would be dangerous drivers and provides the driver alert. In nighttime forwarding collision warning system, we detect the tails of preceding vehicles. Then we pair the lights using the features of the horizontal distance, the vertical heights, the trajectory, and correlation of a pair of lights. Finally, we estimate the time to collision of the verified light pair and providing the warning for the driver. Vehicle detection at night and bad weather are the use of daytime detection tail lights, because of we are using the camera device has automatic exposure control, while at night the average brightness is low, so the camera will increase the brightness of the screen, it’s making the car's taillights overexposure. the night is used to detect this overexposure taillights. Finally, the paper introduces our experimental equipment and the development environment, and statistical daytime vehicle detection in various weather conditions and the detection results of the detection rate. According to the data indicate that the system accurate detection of vehicles in front measured detection rate can reach 90% in normal weather conditions, and analyze system performance. In our experiment, the system execution speed of approximately 50 frames per second and camera captured 30 frames per second, so the system can achieve real-time vehicle detection.

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Yu, Zhe-Ming, and 余哲銘. "Design and Analysis of Forward Collision Warning System." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ezhyh7.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系所
94
Analyzing the traffic accidents in the recently year, the vehicle bumped into obstacles was due to the bad vision, weather, and human factors, and results in many property loss and casualties. In order to prevent these results, a forward collision warning system is proposed in this paper. A laser radar is mounted in the front bumper of the vehicle to detect obstacles and obtain a relative distance between the vehicle and obstacle. The relative distance can further be differentiated for obtaining relative velocity. Thus relative distance divided by relative velocity can obtain Time-to-Collision (TTC). However, the effect of differential may enlarge the sensor noise, and results in incorrect TTC calculation. In order to solve this problem, a Kalman filter is proposed in this paper. It can be used to estimate relative velocity, and filter out the sensor noise. Finally, relative distance and TTC are used to define warning level for the forward collision warning system to issue warning. The system can decrease the happening of accident and the amount of casualty, and enhance the safety ability when driving.

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Chao, Shih-Yuan, and 趙士淵. "Survival Analysis to Collision Warning System Performance Evaluation." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6j69rn.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
107
The Thesis focus on using survival analysis to the performance evaluation of the collision warning system. Survival analysis is a method analyzing the time as a dependent variable. The collision warning is to warn that the adjacent lane is coming a vehicle. The systems are set on the T-junction near Dormitory III and the T-junction near Science and Engineering Building II, which the common conflict types of former junction are left-turned crossing conflict and right-turned merging conflict and of latter junction are right angle conflict and left-turned merging conflict. Fly a drone to collect the trajectories of the vehicles intersect in an intersection, and manipulate the softwore “Tracker” to transform them into time-space data. The thesis uses Post Encroachment Time (PET) for left-turned crossing conflict and right angle conflict and uses Time to Collision (TTC) for merging conflict. Based on the result of Kaplan-Meier curve, the "Warning" curve is different from "No Warning" curve for right angle conflict and merging conflict. Then it uses Cox proportion hazard function for further discussion of the relating factors of the conflicts. The significant variables of left-turned crossing conflict are rear vehicle speed. Of right angle conflict are warning and if rear vehicle turns. The common significant variables of merging conflict are warning and the angle difference of two vehicles. In addition, other significant variables of right-turned merging conflict are if the straight car first arrived the intersection and the pedestrian interference.

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Yu-ChunLi and 李玉鈞. "Development of Vehicular Collision Warning System and Vision Navigation System." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38078952998434839422.

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WANG, HUAI-MU, and 王淮慕. "Visual of Front Collision Warning System by Deep Learning." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v2f9w2.

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碩士
國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
107
For an autonomous driving cars, visual preception is of great significance to recognize the surrounding scenes. It consists of front depth information of scenes and object detection. For adaptation of real environment in front collision, FCWS should be effective and efficient enough, and has strong ability to detect small objects. Especially detecting small objects like faraway pedestrians and traffic signs is crucial to driving. Besides, performance of detection is another important factor, since real-time object detection can help self-driving cars avoid obstacles in time. In general ADAS employs popular active sensors such as LIDAR, Time-of-Flight (ToF) to infer depth by perturbing the sensed environment according to different technologies. In this thesis we utilized passive sensors. They are cheaper and more lightweight than active sensors. Moreover, passive depth sensors do not have moving parts like LIDAR and do not require to perturb the sensed environment thus avoiding interference with other devices.

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Dong, Wei-Yi, and 董威毅. "A Lane Departure and Forward Collision Warning System for Smartphones." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23332862170802221881.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
99
Among the 200,000 yearly traffic accidents in Taiwan, 18.91% and 3.95% of the fatal automobile accidents are caused by driving distractions and not maintaining a safe distance from other vehicles, respectively. Hence, the objective of this thesis is to develop a driving assistance system on smart phones. This system will utilize computer vision algorithms to achieve detections of driving lanes and distance to the front vehicle in order to ensure the safety of the driver and others. We choose smart phones as our development platform because of their prevalence in current society in addition to their low cost and easy installation. The methods used in this thesis use computer vision techniques as basis. Lane detection uses properties of the lane markers in order to extract their features for best fit line through Hough transform. Using different properties exhibited by the vehicles during the day and night time, our system can detect the front vehicle with robustness. During the day, edge detection and vehicle shadows are used while the characteristics of vehicle tail lights are exploited for vehicle detection at night. Experimental results show that our system is capable of achieving an average lane detection rate of 90% in different time of day and weather conditions. In addition, front-vehicle detection has an average detection rate of 80%. The performance of our system is also satisfactory since it only requires 0.2 second which satisfies the requirements for real-time driving assistance systems.

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Shih, Chang-Wei, and 施昌瑋. "Design of Forward Collision Warning System Using Multi-Object Tracking." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pgg66r.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系所
98
This research extends the region of interest for collision warning from the main lane to the adjacent lanes. According to the measured relative distance and relative orientation, a multi-object tracking algorithm is developed in this paper. Recursive least square technique is used to estimate coefficients of two second order polynomials for the relative distance and relative orientation, respectively. A variable forgetting factor which is adjusted with respect to the relative acceleration is proposed in this paper to enhance the estimation performance. TTC is calculated using the coefficients of the second order polynomial. When the TTC is below the threshold value, relative moving direction is used to determine if there is a pending collision. If the relative moving direction is toward the host vehicle, different levels of collision warning are issued to the driver according to the TTC values. If the relative moving direction is not toward the host vehicle, it is determined to be a safe condition even though the TTC below the threshold value. ISO 15623 is used to verify the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can pass all 3 tests. The proposed algorithm is also verified using the experimental data collected on the Civic Blvd. Expressway. Valid warning can be issued to the driver while avoiding the false alarms.

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Tsai, Tsung-Yu, and 蔡宗祐. "The Front Vehicle Distance and Time to Collision Warning System." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46677718924414253040.

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碩士
明志科技大學
電子工程系碩士班
103
When the vehicle is traveling on the road, driving from the safety would become very important, if the driver do not to keep a safe distance on the road, is not only dangerous to themselves, the surrounding is very unsafe drivers. The front vehicle detection and alarm system proposed by this article can be applied to Forward Collision Warning（FCW）, Forward Distance Estimation（FDE）, and Time to Collision（TTC）estimation. Using the CCD camera to capture the road image in front for the image processing algorism, the image processing algorism is the key point which decides the accuracy and reliability of vehicle safety systems. This system we proposed is mainly used on freeway, and it can estimate the relative distance of host vehicle and the preceding vehicle. This paper will be achieved over the system to image in Texas Instruments DPS Platform DM6437 among and combine FlashBurn development board to reality appropriate usage. The effective distance is about 7 to 40 meters. It will alarm the driver when the TTC is less than 1.5 seconds and the distance is less than 15 meters. After the experiment, this system can correctly detect the relative distance and the time to collision for both of daytime and nighttime, and the system can be carried out during the daytime and the nighttime sky based on the current status of the system switches.

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Liou, Jia-Sian, and 劉家賢. "Stereo Vision-Based Preceding Vehicle Detection and Collision Warning System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85787870615225660360.

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碩士
國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
98
We propose a monocular stereo vision-based system for real-time detection and distance computation of a preceding vehicle. Initially, we use a cascaded classifier trained by AdaBoost to detect vehicles in left image, then we verify those candidates from previously detection for filtering out false alarms. After verification, due to the attributes of stereo system and rectified images, we perform one-dimensional template and block matching on rectified right image. Once we obtain the correspondent relation between template/feature points and correspondent area/points, disparity computation will be performed subsequently. Finally we compute the distance between cameras and preceding vehicle with calibration factors calculated from linear regression. This system can be practically applied on civil driving with complex backgrounds. Experimental results show accuracy and high performance of our system.

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Chu, Hao-Wei, and 朱浩瑋. "Vehicle Detection and Collision Warning System using Motion Vector Analysis." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98230579110476106041.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
97
On road vehicle detection and collision warning system has attracted more attention these years in order to minimize the traffic accidents in the daily life. A vehicle detection system applicable in daytime is proposed in the thesis. In this system, a digital camera mounted behind the vehicle to capture the image sequence. Our purposed system then analyzes the block based motion vector field, segment out the vehicle region from the road bed region, and then estimates the relative position between the driver and the vehicle. The system is also able to assist the driver by sending out a warning signal according to the estimated relative distance. However, tradition block based motion analysis does not work properly due to the perspective distortion and low texture on the road area. We purposed an algorithm to rectify the motion on the road plane without affecting the motion accuracy on the vehicle region. Segmentation is done by analyzing the motion vector. To increase the accuracy of the results, color based segmentation is also implemented to fuse with the motion based segmentation, and the experimental results showed that the proposed system is able to detect the existence of vehicles effectively in a distance of about 20 meters.

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Mei, Ting-Wei, and 梅庭瑋. "Intelligent Vision Based Vehicle Side Collision Warning System on Highway." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23193401771962405761.

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碩士
國立交通大學
電機與控制工程系所
94
In recent years, Intelligent Transportation System ( ITS ) has been researched all over the world. Because of the high growth of popularization of vehicles, ITS has become an important scope research and industrial development in order to apply advanced technologies to improve the efficiency and safety of the transportation system. ITS consists of a lot of sections, and AVCSS (Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety System) is a part of these sections. The purpose of this system is to assist to prevent the traffic accidents resulted from the negligence of drivers. In order to achieve this goal, researchers make use many kinds of sensors. Rearview mirror is usually used to assist the driver to determine if it is safe for lane-change maneuvers. But side collision accident might still happen because of the existence of the blind spot and the negligence of the driver. In order to prevent the occurrence of side collision accident resulted from the above situation, we develop a algorithm to detect objects at a moving vehicle. In our system, we use the camera as the sensor to detect if there is any other vehicle in the blind spot. At first, we make use of the feature of road to define the region of interesting (ROI ). Then, we find the area where other vehicles may exist in ROI. Furthermore, our algorithm will judge that the object is a vehicle or a noise (such as: shadow, gap, etc). Finally, if our system detects other vehicles in the ROI, the system will give some alarm to warn the driver that lane-changing is not allowed.

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Huang, Mo-Kai, and 黃莫凱. "Intelligent Vehicles-- A Study On A Vision-based Roadway Departure Warning And Collision Warning System." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58362341025288448981.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
94
Vehicle active safety system is very important and intelligent transport system is an important developing subject of our government. Different sensing systems have been developed to assist human driving and to avoid the occurrences of dangers or accidents. Our system is vision-based. The images are acquired by a video camera and processed to recognize the position of the lane markers and the relative distance to the front vehicle. A video camera was mounted on a vehicle to catch the sequence of the roadway. From each recorded image, a region of interest was decided. In the region of interest, the edges of objects were detected using Sobel edge detection method. Then a lane-vector method was used to find the most possible positions of the lane markers. Results showed that our method can recognize the positions of lane markers correctly at different road conditions. In front-vehicle detection two methods were used in daytime and at night. In the daytime, we detect the shadow of the front vehicle on the ground to calculate the relative distance; however, during the night the paired tail lights of cars were used to estimate the position of the front vehicle. Those information from the past image processing were used to provide lane-departure warning and collision-warning systems to judge if the car is driving safely.

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Chen, Chun-Jung, and 陳俊榮. "The Study of an Image-Based Corner Collision Avoidance Warning System." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40111301667431816882.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
101
The utilization of surveillance cameras is getting popular. Cameras are widely installed at the road. In recent years, the camera’s application domains are also widespread, such as remote monitoring or parking assist. This study focuses on the development of a corner collision warning system using a fixed camera. In order to achieve such a goal, moving objects are detected and tracking firstly. Then, perspective transformation method is used to transform the image coordinates to a ground coordinates for estimating the location/speed of a moving object and predicting the possibility of the collision. In the design of objecting tracking method, a dynamic background model is used for obtaining a more clear foreground objects’ contour. Two methods, color histogram matching and mean shift tracking, are used to increase the tracking success rate. Two levels of warning signals are designed for the speed is too fast or the collision is going to occur. In the experimental study, the results show that the system’s accuracy of two scenes is 78.9% and 84.2%, respectively. The warning time in advance of the collision is 1.39 seconds and 0.96 second, respectively. Therefore, the system proposed in this study provides enough warning capability for preventing the collision at the corner.

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Tsai, Chung-Han, and 蔡忠翰. "13GHz Source Design for 77GHz FMCW Vehicle Collision Warning Radar System." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93633632760620604374.

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碩士
國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
104
In this thesis, we design a 13GHz source for 77GHz radar transceiver application and a power board for 77GHz radar module. At first, we describe about the power board design rule. The 77GHz radar module is composed of many circuits, i.e. RF IC, frequency multiplier, and frequency synchronizer. They need different bias voltage to work. Intent to reduce different kinds of input voltage, we integrate all of them in one input voltage. Thus, the final voltage is 12V DC to supply regulators in PCB, which are manufactured by different IC corporations, like Richtek, Linear Technology, and Texas Instruments. Next, 13GHz source in this thesis, is made of a signal which is 6.5GHz VCO generate into frequency doubler to achieve. We use SiGe RF transistor and varactor to design VCO. It is designed by negative resistance oscillator and we use common emitter as its circuit structure. Placing the resonator at base, which is designed to control tuning range with varactor. Design transistor circuit to let it have negative resistance property. Collector is the output port to transmit the 6.5GHz signal. About the frequency doubler, we use FET and set its bias as class-A type to design it, which can reduce the circuit area. At last, combine 6.5GHz VCO and frequency doubler to achieve the 13GHz source.

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41

Liang-DaLin and 林良達. "A Real-Time Pedestrian Collision Warning System Based on Vehicle Video Images." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39847361876452933390.

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碩士
國立成功大學
工程科學系碩博士班
101
To improve the safety of driving, variant driver assistance systems have been introduced to prevent the car driver from emergent accidents. In this study a real-time pedestrian collision warning system based on vehicle video image has been proposed. The proposed system was implemented via the captured dynamic images of a binocular vehicle video recorder installed in the car. Firstly, the AdaBoost classifier is used to detect the interested targets in the captured vehicle video images, and then the disparity of the targets between the left image and right image is conducted through template matching method. The relative distance of the targets and the vehicle are estimated based on the conducted disparity. Different dangerous regions are pre-defined in front of the vehicle according to the relative distance between the targets and the car. Different alarming information is issued according to the dangerous region the target located in. The designed system can process 5 fps. The results show that the designed anti-collision warning system can operate well under real-time driving test data.

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42

Cheng, Wei-Jeng, and 鄭惟仁. "A study on low cost collision avoidance warning system for driving vehicle." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82508432009817863194.

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43

Liang, Jui-Hung, and 梁瑞宏. "A front vehicle collision warning system using lane detection technique on higyways." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49969167899695224682.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
資訊工程研究所
100
The main purpose of this thesis is to develop a front-vehicle collision warning system. Drivers are easy to affect by the unexpected behaviors of neighboring vehicles and sometimes cause traffic accidents. Therefore, many driving assistance systems have been developed by car companies to protect drivers. The lane marking detection and front-vehicle detection system on the highway is one of the driving assistance systems. The lane marking detection system can detect abnormal lane change behaviors of the host vehicle, and monitor the road region in front of the host vehicle for safety. The front-vehicle collision warning system can warn the drivers when they are in dangerous traffic situations, for example, “the left-side or right-side vehicles suddenly enter to the host lane” or “the front vehicle is too close to the host vehicle.” In this study a recorder is set on front windshield to obtain the input sequences. The proposed system can be divided into two sub-systems, one is the lane marking detection sub-system and the other is the front-vehicle detection sub-system. The lane marking detection sub-system uses Sobel edge detection and Hough transform technique to extract the lane marking. The front vehicle detection sub-system can process two different situations, the daytime and the nighttime or raining day. This system uses Otsu’s method to find the suitable threshold to extract the vehicle’s shadow, and uses a horizontal edge detection to detect vehicle’s horizontal features in daytime. Combine these two features, the system can verify the locations of front vehicles. On the other hand, the system uses Cr component of YCrCb color model and Hue component of HSI color model to extract the light features in nighttime or raining. Moreover, the system uses the property of the symmetry of brake lights to verify the location of front vehicles. The experimental results show that the proposed system has great stability and usability. Although the front-vehicle detection system obtains lower correct rate in the tunnel, it still works when raining or extreme bad sight in nighttime. Finally, we hope the proposed system can be embedded into driving assistance systems installed in every vehicle in the future. Index terms—Otsu’s method, lane detection, vehicle detection

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Sun, Jiang-Ling, and 孫將瓴. "Study of Lane-Changing Collision Avoidance & Warning System on Urban Major Arterial." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00650397329041402299.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
94
At the statistics of urban arterial accident in 2004, it accounted for all more than two-third accidents that were correlated with the behavior of lane-changing, so it is known that how the valuable study should be done at the topic of lane-changing collision avoidance on urban arterial. But the study about lane-changing merely stressed on the lane-changing behavior discussion on freeway. Therefore, the objective of this study will focus on the setting lane-changing collision avoidance system on urban major arterial, and by the survey of lane-changing behavior, drawing up a set of lane-changing collision avoidance threshold to alarm drivers when they want to execute the strategy of lane-changing. By this way, it can decrease the probability of lane-changing collision and the severity of lane-changing accident. The study used photography above high building to collect the sample of lane-changing, and then analyzed the relationship between gap and relative speed within various vehicles to establish the lane-changing collision avoidance system toward ordinary lane and target lane. In this study, the correlative traffic parameters revealed the driver’s lane-changing behavior on urban major arterial and the influential difference by the surrounding vehicles. The influential scope of surrounding vehicle had been decided in this study: lead vehicle and adjacent lead vehicle are 30 meters in front of subject vehicle, and adjacent following vehicle is 15 meters in back of subject vehicle. Eventually, the study uses three kinds of light alarm ways (green light, yellow light, and red light) to give a warning of lane-changing to drivers and suggests them to make a relevant improvement strategy to avoid a collision occurrence.

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Wang, Chung-Wei, and 王崇瑋. "Series Feed Broadband Patch Array Antenna Design for Vehicle Collision Warning Radar System." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x53863.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
106
This paper proposes to apply to the 77GHz anti-collision radar short-range antenna, the operating frequency band is 77GHz to 81GHz, using the array antenna as the basic structure of this antenna, and using the multi-layer board design to reduce the overall required area, in the overall vehicle radar system In the frequency range of 76 GHz to 81 GHz, the reflection coefficient can reach below -10 dB. The antenna gain can reach 14.2dBi, and in the operating frequency range of 77GHz to 81GHz, the radiation efficiency can reach more than 85%.

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I-ShengChao and 趙益盛. "Simulation and Implementation of Intelligent Collision Warning and Fuel Economy Driving Assistance System." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06576282954272543089.

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碩士
國立成功大學
資訊工程學系
102
In recent years, the oil crisis and air pollution seriously affect human economic growth and living environment. How to reduce the pollution caused by vehicles is an important issue. With the advancement of science and technology, consumers expect vehicles to equip with more functionalities for not only safety, but also comfort and convenience. The ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) was created for this purpose. ITS uses traffic management and combines all kinds of science and technology (e.g., electronics, controllers, communications) to improve our transportation systems. This is the current trend in advanced countries, which are committed to researching and developing. ITS collects the information from road, vehicle and people by electronics, communications and sensing technology, etc. in order to provide drivers the real-time information, and promote transportation system safety, efficiency, and comfort. To attain the objectives listed above, we must combine all different kinds of vehicular information. Our research aims to develop the hardware and software system of the OBU (On-Board Unit), which is in charge of exchanging and processing the traffic messages (e.g., traffic light information, vehicles waiting queue) with RSUs. In addition, OBU not only collects the vehicle condition by using on-board sensors and constructs image-processing system to increase the safety of driving, but also uses ECO-driving algorithm to decrease the fuel consumption. We use Panda Board as OBU (On Board Unit) which is responsible for integrating information of on-board sensors and communicating with RSUs by using Ad-hoc mode wireless network in the VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) scenario. In the results, we not only construct FCWS (Forward Collision Warning System) by using image-processing technology, but also implement the ECO-driving assistance system in the VANET scenario. Moreover, we simulate the basic traffic situations with our proposed ECO-driving algorithm and analyze fuel consumption of the vehicles.

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47

Chou, Chen-Ju, and 周辰儒. "Research on the rear-end collision avoidance and warning system by rear-end camera." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10187206141637199024.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
96
The objective of this study is to construct the rear-end collision avoidance and warning system of advance safety vehicle (ASV) by rear-end parking camera. Based on image processing technology to get and analyze the driving environmental data, we developed the rear-end collision warning logic and system. Since the automobile electronics industry developed faster, the parking assist system, like the ultrasonic sensors and rear-end camera, almost become the basic equipment in vehicles. However, the parking assist equipments are only turned on when in parking mode. Therefore, to provide the following vehicle information for subjective one, this study tends to apply the rear-end camera in vehicle when moving forward. It not only reduces the equipment cost of the vehicle but also increases the safety for drivers. The main idea of warning system is to prevent accidents which caused by inattentive of drivers. This study used the image processing to detect the longitudinal data of the following vehicle, including the relative distance, velocity, and acceleration. We developed the dynamic thresholds by the relative data and the drivers’ perceptive reaction time to issue the warning signal for drivers. The α-β-γ filter was applied in this section to get the smoother relative data. This study built up a rear-end collision avoidance and warning system by rear-end camera. We constructed the warning program by Borland C++ Builder. The warning hardware of the system was used the industry personal computer and on-board video equipment. The experiment result was successful for the off-line video test. In other words, this study proves that the developed rear-end warning system could appropriately issue the warning signal for drivers.

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Chou, Chen-Ju. "Research on the rear-end collision avoidance and warning system by rear-end camera." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-3006200811031800.

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Jung-PingKuo and 郭容平. "A Robust Driving Assistance System with Combined Lane Departure and Front Collision Warning Technologies." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26244x.

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胡煥為. "High Gain Slot-Pair Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Antenna for 77GHz Vehicle Collision Warning Radar System." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45230390050810635510.

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碩士
國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
101
In this thesis, we proposed a long-range array antenna design for 77GHz forward-looking automotive collision warning radar, and the operating frequency is from 76GHz to 77GHz.The antenna need high gain, narrow beam to detect long range distance from once own lane. The basic structure of the array antenna is double-layer substrate ,which can separate the layer of array antenna and feed line to make the antenna have the maximum radiation area. The signal is fed to the center of slot-pair substrate-integrated-waveguide array antenna from microstrip line, the central fed into the antenna can increase the pattern beamwidth, and the beam will not be easy to offset by the frequency .With the slot-pair, the wavelength of the waveguide can be reduced to enhance the antenna gain in the limited area.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Collision Warning System'

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