Journal articles: 'Colloidal liquid crystals'

1

Dierking, Ingo. "From colloids in liquid crystals to colloidal liquid crystals." Liquid Crystals 46, no. 13-14 (August 23, 2019): 2057–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2019.1641755.

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Wang, Yiwei, Pingwen Zhang, and Jeff Z. Y. Chen. "Formation of three-dimensional colloidal crystals in a nematic liquid crystal." Soft Matter 14, no. 32 (2018): 6756–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01057a.

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Draude, Adam P., and Ingo Dierking. "Lyotropic Liquid Crystals from Colloidal Suspensions of Graphene Oxide." Crystals 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9090455.

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Lyotropic liquid crystals from colloidal particles have been known for more than a century, but have attracted a revived interest over the last few years. This is due to the developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology, where the liquid crystal order can be exploited to orient and reorient the anisotropic colloids, thus enabling, increasing and switching the preferential properties of the nanoparticles. In particular, carbon-based colloids like carbon nanotubes and graphene/graphene–oxide have increasingly been studied with respect to their lyotropic liquid crystalline properties over the recent years. We critically review aspects of lyotropic graphene oxide liquid crystal with respect to properties and behavior which seem to be generally established, but also discuss those effects that are largely unfamiliar so far, or as of yet of controversial experimental or theoretical outcome.

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Mundoor, Haridas, Sungoh Park, Bohdan Senyuk, Henricus H. Wensink, and Ivan I. Smalyukh. "Hybrid molecular-colloidal liquid crystals." Science 360, no. 6390 (May 17, 2018): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9359.

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Rahman, Muklesur, and Wei Lee. "Electric-Field Effects in Dilute Suspensions of Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Nematic Liquid Crystals." Key Engineering Materials 428-429 (January 2010): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.428-429.173.

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Colloids composed of liquid-crystal hydrosols exhibit a rich set of interesting phenomena. The coupling between liquid-crystalline media and colloidal particles plays an essential role leading to an abundant source of new physics. In the last few years, peculiar behaviors of carbon-nanotube-doped calamitic liquid crystals have attracted considerable attention. This paper provides a brief introduction to this alluring subject for its on-going research development in this laboratory. First presented are our current understandings of the nematic colloidal system comprising carbon nanotubes and of their possible orientation and dynamics under the application of an external field. Various electro-optical and electrical properties of a liquid-crystal display rectified by the nanoscale carbonaceous guest are then addressed to a larger extent. Dielectric relaxation obtained from a nematic impregnated with carbon nanotubes is also discussed. With historical significance for the dawn of the liquid-crystal–carbon-nanotube research, several important findings of enhanced nonlinear optical properties in typical nematic mesomaterials consisting of suspended nanotubes are delineated. With the new colloidal systems of elongated nanoscale solids dispersed in anisotropic fluids in the mesophase, many new intriguing phenomena are awaiting theoretical and experimental explorations. Collaborations are called to draw attention of interested theoretical physicists, in particular.

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Skinner, Thomas O. E., Dirk G. A. L. Aarts, and Roel P. A. Dullens. "Real-Space Analysis of Grain Boundary Fluctuations in Two Dimensional Colloidal Crystals." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.901.

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The characteristics of grain boundary motion and evolution are of fundamental importance in material science. Optical microscopy is used to analyse grain boundary fluctuations in two-dimensional colloidal crystals. Colloidal systems are particles (colloids) on the order of 1µm dispersed in a solvent where they display rich phase behaviour of colloidal 'crystal', liquid' and 'gas' phases. They are widely used as a model system to study many fundamental issues in condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics. The intrinsic slowness and increased length scales of colloidal systems make them an excellent model system to study grain boundaries as an analogy to atomic systems. Static and dynamic correlation functions are compared with capillary wave theory to calculate the grain boundary mobility and stiffness. These fundamental properties of grain boundaries determine the kinetics of curvature-driven grain growth.

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Li, Yunfeng, Elisabeth Prince, Sangho Cho, Alinaghi Salari, Youssef Mosaddeghian Golestani, Oleg D. Lavrentovich, and Eugenia Kumacheva. "Periodic assembly of nanoparticle arrays in disclinations of cholesteric liquid crystals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 9 (February 13, 2017): 2137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615006114.

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An important goal of the modern soft matter science is to discover new self-assembly modalities to precisely control the placement of small particles in space. Spatial inhomogeneity of liquid crystals offers the capability to organize colloids in certain regions such as the cores of the topological defects. Here we report two self-assembly modes of nanoparticles in linear defects-disclinations in a lyotropic colloidal cholesteric liquid crystal: a continuous helicoidal thread and a periodic array of discrete beads. The beads form one-dimensional arrays with a periodicity that matches half a pitch of the cholesteric phase. The periodic assembly is governed by the anisotropic surface tension and elasticity at the interface of beads with the liquid crystal. This mode of self-assembly of nanoparticles in disclinations expands our ability to use topological defects in liquid crystals as templates for the organization of nanocolloids.

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Mirri, Giorgio, V. S. R. Jampani, George Cordoyiannis, Polona Umek, Paul H. J. Kouwer, and Igor Muševič. "Stabilisation of 2D colloidal assemblies by polymerisation of liquid crystalline matrices for photonic applications." Soft Matter 10, no. 31 (2014): 5797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00358f.

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9

Frenkel, Daan, Peter Bladon, Peter Bolhuis, and Maarten Hagen. "Liquid-like behavior in colloidal crystals." Physica B: Condensed Matter 228, no. 1-2 (October 1996): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(96)00332-8.

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10

Senyuk, Bohdan, Manoj B. Pandey, Qingkun Liu, Mykola Tasinkevych, and Ivan I. Smalyukh. "Colloidal spirals in nematic liquid crystals." Soft Matter 11, no. 45 (2015): 8758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm01539a.

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Silvestre, N. M., P. Patrício, M. Tasinkevych, D. Andrienko, and M. M. Telo da Gama. "Colloidal discs in nematic liquid crystals." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 16, no. 19 (April 29, 2004): S1921—S1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/19/005.

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12

Wang, Xuezhen, Di Zhao, Agustin Diaz, Ilse B. Nava Medina, Huiliang Wang, and Zhengdong Cheng. "Thermo-sensitive discotic colloidal liquid crystals." Soft Matter 10, no. 39 (2014): 7692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00797b.

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The thickness of the ZrP–PNIPAM platelets can be adjusted by changing the temperature, and it is revealed that soft disks self-assemble into nematic liquid crystals in a wider thickness-over-diameter ratio than do hard disks.

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Lekkerkerker, H. N. W., and G. J. Vroege. "Liquid crystal phase transitions in suspensions of mineral colloids: new life from old roots." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1988 (April 13, 2013): 20120263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0263.

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A review is given of the field of mineral colloidal liquid crystals : liquid crystal phases formed by individual mineral particles within colloidal suspensions. Starting from their discovery in the 1920s, we discuss developments on the levels of both fundamentals and applications. We conclude by highlighting some promising results from recent years, which may point the way towards future developments.

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Kuriakose, Naveen, Pallavi Bapat, Harriet Lindsay, and John Texter. "Reversible Colloidal Crystallization." MRS Advances 5, no. 40-41 (2020): 2111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.286.

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AbstractWe report 3D colloidal self-assembly (crystallization) of poly(ionic liquid) latexes to produce crystals that exhibit reversible melting and recrystallization in water, due to “classical” interparticle interactions, typical of multifunctional polymers. These new materials are derived from an ionic liquid monomer that is polymerized at room temperature by redox-initiated polymerization. Particle synthesis, self-assembly, thermal properties, and introductory light diffraction effects are reported with a focus on melting. These crystals are distinguishable from classical colloidal crystalline arrays, and are the first such crystals to exhibit thermal melting. This new hydrogel offers promise for engineering large volume production of photonic crystals active in the visible and proximal spectral regions, by crystallization from suspension (solution), characteristic of most useful chemical compounds.

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Pawsey, Anne C., and Paul S. Clegg. "Colloidal particles in blue phase liquid crystals." Soft Matter 11, no. 17 (2015): 3304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm02131b.

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16

Fischermeier, Ellen, Matthieu Marechal, and Klaus Mecke. "Dynamical states in driven colloidal liquid crystals." Journal of Chemical Physics 141, no. 19 (November 21, 2014): 194903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4901423.

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17

Yasarawan, Nuttawisit, and Jeroen S. van Duijneveldt. "Dichroism in Dye-Doped Colloidal Liquid Crystals." Langmuir 24, no. 14 (July 2008): 7184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la800849y.

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18

Ravnik, Miha. "Colloidal structures in confined nematic liquid crystals." Liquid Crystals Today 20, no. 3 (July 2011): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1358314x.2011.589162.

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19

Wang, Chuan, Xin Zhang, Huimin Zhu, Qianqian Fu, and Jianping Ge. "Liquid–liquid extraction: a universal method to synthesize liquid colloidal photonic crystals." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 3 (2020): 989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc05895h.

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A liquid–liquid extraction method is developed to produce liquid PCs at room temperature. The colloidal particles precipitate to form liquid PCs due to the extraction of solvent and the supersaturation of particles.

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20

Hwang, Hyerim, David A. Weitz, and Frans Spaepen. "Stiffness of the interface between a colloidal body-centered cubic crystal and its liquid." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 41 (September 24, 2020): 25225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005664117.

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Equilibrium interfaces were established between body-centered cubic (BCC) crystals and their liquid using charged colloidal particles in an electric bottle. By measuring a time series of interfacial positions and computing the average power spectrum, their interfacial stiffness was determined according to the capillary fluctuation method. For the (100) and the (114) interfaces, the stiffnesses were 0.15 and 0.18kBT/σ2(σ: particle diameter), respectively, and were isotropic in the plane of the interface. For comparison, similar charged colloids were used to create an interface between a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal and its liquid. Its stiffness was significantly larger: 0.26kBT/σ2. This result gives experimental support to the explanations offered for the preferential nucleation of BCC over FCC in metallic alloys.

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21

Ognysta, U., A. Nych, V. Nazarenko, M. Škarabot, and I. Muševič. "Design of 2D Binary Colloidal Crystals in a Nematic Liquid Crystal." Langmuir 25, no. 20 (October 20, 2009): 12092–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la901719t.

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22

Peng, Chenhui, and Oleg Lavrentovich. "Liquid Crystals-Enabled AC Electrokinetics." Micromachines 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10010045.

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Phenomena of electrically driven fluid flows, known as electro-osmosis, and particle transport in a liquid electrolyte, known as electrophoresis, collectively form a subject of electrokinetics. Electrokinetics shows a great potential in microscopic manipulation of matter for various scientific and technological applications. Electrokinetics is usually studied for isotropic electrolytes. Recently it has been demonstrated that replacement of an isotropic electrolyte with an anisotropic, or liquid crystal (LC), electrolyte, brings about entirely new mechanisms of spatial charge formation and electrokinetic effects. This review presents the main features of liquid crystal-enabled electrokinetics (LCEK) rooted in the field-assisted separation of electric charges at deformations of the director that describes local molecular orientation of the LC. Since the electric field separates the charges and then drives the charges, the resulting electro-osmotic and electrophoretic velocities grow as the square of the applied electric field. We describe a number of related phenomena, such as alternating current (AC) LC-enabled electrophoresis of colloidal solid particles and fluid droplets in uniform and spatially-patterned LCs, swarming of colloids guided by photoactivated surface patterns, control of LCEK polarity through the material properties of the LC electrolyte, LCEK-assisted mixing at microscale, separation and sorting of small particles. LC-enabled electrokinetics brings a new dimension to our ability to manipulate dynamics of matter at small scales and holds a major promise for future technologies of microfluidics, pumping, mixing, sensing, and diagnostics.

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23

Poulin, Philippe. "Novel phases and colloidal assemblies in liquid crystals." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 4, no. 1 (February 1999): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0294(99)00009-6.

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24

Stark, Holger. "Physics of colloidal dispersions in nematic liquid crystals." Physics Reports 351, no. 6 (October 2001): 387–474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-1573(00)00144-7.

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25

Loudet, J. C., P. Barois, P. Auroy, P. Keller, H. Richard, and P. Poulin. "Colloidal Structures from Bulk Demixing in Liquid Crystals." Langmuir 20, no. 26 (December 2004): 11336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la048737f.

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26

Liang, Dennis, Matthew A. Borthwick, and Robert L. Leheny. "Smectic liquid crystals in anisotropic colloidal silica gels." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 16, no. 19 (April 29, 2004): S1989—S2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/19/011.

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27

Smalyukh, I. I. "Liquid crystals enable chemoresponsive reconfigurable colloidal self-assembly." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 9 (February 26, 2010): 3945–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000312107.

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Lapointe, C. P., T. G. Mason, and I. I. Smalyukh. "Shape-Controlled Colloidal Interactions in Nematic Liquid Crystals." Science 326, no. 5956 (November 19, 2009): 1083–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1176587.

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29

Tong, Yu, Yiwei Wang, and Pingwen Zhang. "Defects Around a Spherical Particle in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals." Numerical Mathematics: Theory, Methods and Applications 10, no. 2 (May 2017): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/nmtma.2017.s01.

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AbstractWe investigate the defect structures around a spherical colloidal particle in a cholesteric liquid crystal using spectral method, which is specially devised to cope with the inhomogeneity of the cholesteric at infinity. We pay particular attention to the cholesteric counterparts of nematic metastable configurations. When the spherical colloidal particle imposes strong homeotropic anchoring on its surface, besides the well-known twisted Saturn ring, we find another metastable defect configuration, which corresponds to the dipole in a nematic, without outside confinement. This configuration is energetically preferable to the twisted Saturn ring when the particle size is large compared to the nematic coherence length and small compared to the cholesteric pitch. When the colloidal particle imposes strong planar anchoring, we find the cholesteric twist can result in a split of the defect core on the particle surface similar to that found in a nematic liquid crystal by lowering temperature or increasing particle size.

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30

Lewis, Alexander H., Ioana Garlea, José Alvarado, Oliver J. Dammone, Peter D. Howell, Apala Majumdar, Bela M. Mulder, M. P. Lettinga, Gijsje H. Koenderink, and Dirk G. A. L. Aarts. "Colloidal liquid crystals in rectangular confinement: theory and experiment." Soft Matter 10, no. 39 (2014): 7865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm01123f.

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31

Paolino, Donatella, Andra Tudose, Christian Celia, Luisa Di Marzio, Felisa Cilurzo, and Constantin Mircioiu. "Mathematical Models as Tools to Predict the Release Kinetic of Fluorescein from Lyotropic Colloidal Liquid Crystals." Materials 12, no. 5 (February 26, 2019): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050693.

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In this study, we investigated the release kinetic of fluorescein from colloidal liquid crystals made from monoglyceride and different non-ionic surfactants. The crystals were physicochemically characterized and the release experiments were carried out under the sink conditions, while mathematical models were described as extrapolations from solutions of the diffusion equation, in different initial and boundary conditions imposed by pharmaceutical formulations. The diffusion equation was solved using Laplace and Fourier transformed functions for release kinetics from infinite reservoirs in a semi-infinite medium. Solutions represents a general square root law and can be applied for the release kinetic of fluorescein from lyotropic colloidal liquid crystals. Akaike, Schwartz, and Imbimbo criteria were used to establish the appropriate mathematical model and the hierarchy of the performances of different models applied to the release experiments. The Fisher statistic test was applied to obtain the significance of differences among mathematical models. Differences of mathematical criteria demonstrated that small or no significant statistic differences were carried out between the various applied models and colloidal formulations. Phenomenological models were preferred over the empirical and semi-empirical ones. The general square root model shows that the diffusion-controlled release of fluorescein is the mathematical models extrapolated for lyotropic colloidal liquid crystals.

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32

Mukhopadhyay, Ashis. "Curved colloidal crystals of discoids at near-critical liquid–liquid interface." Soft Matter 17, no. 29 (2021): 6942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm00765c.

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The spontaneous assembly of colloids at a curved surface formed domes (bottom) at a scale of million times smaller than the dome of Taj Mahal (top). The former can be constructed and then annihilated repeatedly and reversibly.

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33

Chen, Kui, Olivia J. Gebhardt, Raghavendra Devendra, German Drazer, Randall D. Kamien, Daniel H. Reich, and Robert L. Leheny. "Colloidal transport within nematic liquid crystals with arrays of obstacles." Soft Matter 14, no. 1 (2018): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01681f.

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34

Xia, Yu, Francesca Serra, Randall D. Kamien, Kathleen J. Stebe, and Shu Yang. "Direct mapping of local director field of nematic liquid crystals at the nanoscale." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 50 (November 30, 2015): 15291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513348112.

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Liquid crystals (LCs), owing to their anisotropy in molecular ordering, are of wide interest in both the display industry and soft matter as a route to more sophisticated optical objects, to direct phase separation, and to facilitate colloidal assemblies. However, it remains challenging to directly probe the molecular-scale organization of nonglassy nematic LC molecules without altering the LC directors. We design and synthesize a new type of nematic liquid crystal monomer (LCM) system with strong dipole–dipole interactions, resulting in a stable nematic phase and strong homeotropic anchoring on silica surfaces. Upon photopolymerization, the director field can be faithfully “locked,” allowing for direct visualization of the LC director field and defect structures by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in real space with 100-nm resolution. Using this technique, we study the nematic textures in more complex LC/colloidal systems and calculate the extrapolation length of the LCM.

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35

Ravnik, M., G. P. Alexander, J. M. Yeomans, and S. Zumer. "Three-dimensional colloidal crystals in liquid crystalline blue phases." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 13 (February 28, 2011): 5188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015831108.

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36

Dontabhaktuni, Jayasri, Miha Ravnik, and Slobodan Žumer. "Shape-tuning the colloidal assemblies in nematic liquid crystals." Soft Matter 8, no. 5 (2012): 1657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2sm06577k.

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37

Rossi, Laura, Stefano Sacanna, and Krassimir P. Velikov. "Cholesteric colloidal liquid crystals from phytosterol rod-like particles." Soft Matter 7, no. 1 (2011): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00822b.

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38

Chernyshuk, S. B., and O. M. Tovkach. "Colloidal particles as elastic triads in nematic liquid crystals." Liquid Crystals 43, no. 13-15 (August 10, 2016): 2410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2016.1216619.

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39

Shinde, Abhijeet, Dali Huang, Mariela Saldivar, Hongfei Xu, Minxiang Zeng, Ugochukwu Okeibunor, Ling Wang, et al. "Growth of Colloidal Nanoplate Liquid Crystals Using Temperature Gradients." ACS Nano 13, no. 11 (October 21, 2019): 12461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b01573.

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40

Vroege, G. J., and H. N. W. Lekkerkerker. "Phase transitions in lyotropic colloidal and polymer liquid crystals." Reports on Progress in Physics 55, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 1241–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/55/8/003.

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41

Allen, Michael P. "Computer simulation of multiscale phenomena in colloidal liquid crystals." Computer Physics Communications 169, no. 1-3 (July 2005): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2005.03.096.

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42

Peng, Chenhui, Taras Turiv, Yubing Guo, Sergij V. Shiyanovskii, Qi-Huo Wei, and Oleg D. Lavrentovich. "Control of colloidal placement by modulated molecular orientation in nematic cells." Science Advances 2, no. 9 (September 2016): e1600932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600932.

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Colloids self-assemble into various organized superstructures determined by particle interactions. There is tremendous progress in both the scientific understanding and the applications of self-assemblies of single-type identical particles. Forming superstructures in which the colloidal particles occupy predesigned sites and remain in these sites despite thermal fluctuations represents a major challenge of the current state of the art. We propose a versatile approach to directing placement of colloids using nematic liquid crystals with spatially varying molecular orientation preimposed by substrate photoalignment. Colloidal particles in a nematic environment are subject to the long-range elastic forces originating in the orientational order of the nematic. Gradients of the orientational order create an elastic energy landscape that drives the colloids into locations with preferred type of deformations. As an example, we demonstrate that colloidal spheres with perpendicular surface anchoring are driven into the regions of maximum splay, whereas spheres with tangential surface anchoring settle into the regions of bend. Elastic forces responsible for preferential placement are measured by exploring overdamped dynamics of the colloids. Control of colloidal self-assembly through patterned molecular orientation opens new opportunities for designing materials and devices in which particles should be placed in predesigned locations.

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Beller, Daniel A., Mohamed A. Gharbi, and Iris B. Liu. "Shape-controlled orientation and assembly of colloids with sharp edges in nematic liquid crystals." Soft Matter 11, no. 6 (2015): 1078–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm01910e.

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Trang, Châu Thể Liễu, Đặng Thị Thanh Nhàn, Lê Thị Hòa, and Nguyễn Đức Cường. "CHITIN LIQUID CRYSTAL- DERIVED SPONGE- LIKE AEROGEL." Hue University Journal of Science: Natural Science 127, no. 1A (June 6, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26459/hueuni-jns.v127i1a.4509.

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Abstract: Chitin nanocrystals in anisotropic liquid crystals have been used as a colloidal precursor to fabricate hydrogels and aerogels. Native chitin nanofibrils are deacetylated and hydrolyzed to generate rod-shaped chitin nanocrystals that are dispersible in water to form colloidal aqueous suspensions. Chitin nanocolloids self-organize into anisotropic liquid crystals that can solidify into layered nematic films. Chitin liquid crystals are hydrothermally gelatinized with formaldehyde crosslinkers to form homogeneous chitin hydrogels. The removal of water in the hydrogels by freeze-drying recovers ultralight chitin sponge-like aerogels with morphological retention of layered nematic chitin structure. These biocompatible chitin aerogels hold promise for developing advanced functional materials such as fabrics for antibacterial bandages and tissue engineering and hydrophobic absorbents for oil/water separation. Potentially, chitin nanocrystals assembled in the aerogels may be functionalized into hydrophobic sponges for oil/water separation or carbonized into nitrogen-doped carbon foams for supercapacitors.

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45

Liu, Iris B., Nima Sharifi-Mood, and Kathleen J. Stebe. "Curvature-driven assembly in soft matter." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2072 (July 28, 2016): 20150133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0133.

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Control over the spatial arrangement of colloids in soft matter hosts implies control over a wide variety of properties, ranging from the system’s rheology, optics, and catalytic activity. In directed assembly, colloids are typically manipulated using external fields to form well-defined structures at given locations. We have been developing alternative strategies based on fields that arise when a colloid is placed within soft matter to form an inclusion that generates a potential field. Such potential fields allow particles to interact with each other. If the soft matter host is deformed in some way, the potential allows the particles to interact with the global system distortion. One important example is capillary assembly of colloids on curved fluid interfaces. Upon attaching, the particle distorts that interface, with an associated energy field, given by the product of its interfacial area and the surface tension. The particle’s capillary energy depends on the local interface curvature. We explore this coupling in experiment and theory. There are important analogies in liquid crystals. Colloids in liquid crystals elicit an elastic energy response. When director fields are moulded by confinement, the imposed elastic energy field can couple to that of the colloid to define particle paths and sites for assembly. By improving our understanding of these and related systems, we seek to develop new, parallelizable routes for particle assembly to form reconfigurable systems in soft matter that go far beyond the usual close-packed colloidal structures. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Soft interfacial materials: from fundamentals to formulation’.

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Mundoor, Haridas, Bohdan Senyuk, Mahmoud Almansouri, Sungoh Park, Blaise Fleury, and Ivan I. Smalyukh. "Electrostatically controlled surface boundary conditions in nematic liquid crystals and colloids." Science Advances 5, no. 9 (September 2019): eaax4257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax4257.

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Differing from isotropic fluids, liquid crystals exhibit highly anisotropic interactions with surfaces, which define boundary conditions for the alignment of constituent rod-like molecules at interfaces with colloidal inclusions and confining substrates. We show that surface alignment of the nematic molecules can be controlled by harnessing the competing aligning effects of surface functionalization and electric field arising from surface charging and bulk counterions. The control of ionic content in the bulk and at surfaces allows for tuning orientations of shape-anisotropic particles like platelets within an aligned nematic host and for changing the orientation of director relative to confining substrates. The ensuing anisotropic elastic and electrostatic interactions enable colloidal crystals with reconfigurable symmetries and orientations of inclusions.

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Senyuk, Bohdan, Michael C. M. Varney, Javier A. Lopez, Sijia Wang, Ning Wu, and Ivan I. Smalyukh. "Magnetically responsive gourd-shaped colloidal particles in cholesteric liquid crystals." Soft Matter 10, no. 32 (2014): 6014–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00878b.

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Magnetically responsive gourd-shaped particles in cholesterics repel from substrates and reside on multiple long-lived metastable levels separated by a distance comparable to a pitch allowing for new forms of orientationally and positionally ordered colloidal assembly.

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Lee, Kuang-Wu, and Thorsten Pöschel. "Field-driven pattern formation in nematic liquid crystals: mesoscopic simulations of electroconvection." RSC Advances 7, no. 67 (2017): 42218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra06757g.

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Aplinc, Jure, Anja Pusovnik, and Miha Ravnik. "Designed self-assembly of metamaterial split-ring colloidal particles in nematic liquid crystals." Soft Matter 15, no. 28 (2019): 5585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm00842j.

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Petukhov, Andrei V., Janne-Mieke Meijer, and Gert Jan Vroege. "Particle shape effects in colloidal crystals and colloidal liquid crystals: Small-angle X-ray scattering studies with microradian resolution." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 20, no. 4 (August 2015): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2015.09.003.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Colloidal liquid crystals'

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