Relevant bibliographies by topics / Colloidal silica gel

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Colloidal silica gel'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Colloidal silica gel"

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Williamson, B. J., J. J. Wilkinson, P. F. Luckham, and C. J. Stanley. "Formation of coagulated colloidal silica in high-temperature mineralizing fluids." Mineralogical Magazine 66, no. 4 (August 2002): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461026640048.

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AbstractRecent experimental studies have suggested that colloidal silica can form in high-T (300 to >700°C) hydrothermal fluids (Wilkinson et al., 1996). Natural evidence in support of this was found by Williamson et al. (1997) who proposed a colloidal (gel) silica origin for <50 μm irregularly-shaped inclusions of quartz contained in greisen topaz from southwest England. Confocal and microprobe studies, presented here, strengthen this argument although rather than forming a gel in the hydrothermal fluid, it is suggested that the colloidal silica aggregated as a viscous coagulated colloid, with much of its volume (<10 to 30 vol.%) consisting of metal (mainly Fe) -rich particles. This is evident from the largely solid nature of metal-rich shrinkage bubbles contained at the margins of the inclusions of quartz which shows that the material forming the inclusions contained much less liquid than would be expected in a silica gel. These findings may have important implications for models of ore formation since the precipitation of a coagulated colloid could inhibit hydrothermal fluid transport and cause co-deposition of silica and entrained ore-forming elements. The mode of formation of the colloidal silica and further implications of the study are discussed.
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Jurinak, J. J., and L. E. Summers. "Oilfield Applications of Colloidal Silica Gel." SPE Production Engineering 6, no. 04 (November 1, 1991): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/18505-pa.

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Jin, Weifeng, Rongzhong Chen, Xin Wang, and Zehai Cheng. "Effect of Wood Fiber on the Strength of Calcareous Sand Rapidly Seeped by Colloidal Silica." MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927503006.

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Silica nano-particles are suspended in the colloidal silica and can be induced to gradually gel after the PH value changes. Thus colloidal silica can be utilized to rapidly seep through loose calcareous sand, and the silicon gel is gradually formed to bond sand particles. However, based on observation by scanning electron microscope(SEM), there are a lot of microcracks in the silica gel, which reduces the strength of the sand-gel composite. Therefore, in order to suppress crack growth, wood fibers are dispersed in the colloidal silica which still can seep through calcareous sand. 18 silicon-gel stabilized sand samples were prepared for tri-axial tests, where the concentration of colloidal silica is 20%, and wood fiber concentrations are 0%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, respectively. The results show that:(1) there exists an optimum ratio of wood fiber to colloidal silica, that is, as the concentration of wood fiber increases, the strength represented by the peak value of deviator stress rises first and then falls; (2) there are opposite trends between the two strength parameters, internal friction angle and cohesion, that is, when the wood fiber concentration is 0.04%, the cohesion reaches the maximum value and the internal friction angle reaches the minimum value; (3) The photos by SEM show that, there are wood fibers on the inner wall of the crack in the silica gel, which may reduce the extent of crack propagation and contribute to the strength of stabilized sand samples.
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Gu, Shuang Na, Ying Shi, Liang Yong Wang, Wei Li Liu, and Zhi Tang Song. "Modification of Colloidal Silica with Sodium Aluminate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 468 (November 2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.468.39.

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Colloidal silica modified by sodium aluminate was examined. The particle size of Al-modified colloidal silica was slightly increased with increase of the sodium aluminate concentration, but colloidal silica may aggregate or gel under high concentration. Zeta potential was more negative and thermal stability was significantly improved through modification. The Al-modified colloidal silica was highly stable at pH 3-6.
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Kawakita, Hidetaka, Kaori Yokoyama, Shohei Esaki, Shintaro Morisada, and Keisuke Ohto. "Separation of Colloidal Particle Using Elastic-Gel-Packed Column." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133304003.

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Polymerized spherical gel (46 μm) was packed in a column to permeate silica particle suspension for the separation due to their differences of sizes. The elastic gel in the bottom domain of column deformed more because the pressure of the fluid flow suppressed the packed gel layer, that is, the formed gaps among the gels at the bottom domain had the smaller ‘pore’, resulting in filtering the smaller-size of the particles at the bottom of the column. The larger the size of silica particle, the upper the filtered domain in the column. To elute the filtered silica particle, the gel layer was compacted and restored by on-off of the fluid flow, to open the gaps in the gel layer repeatedly, demonstrating that the elution percentage of silica particle was gradually increased by the repeated on-off permeation of water.
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Kawakita, Hidetaka, Kaori Yokoyama, Shohei Esaki, Shintaro Morisada, and Keisuke Ohto. "Separation of Colloidal Particle Using Elastic-Gel-Packed Column." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133304003.

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Polymerized spherical gel (46 μm) was packed in a column to permeate silica particle suspension for the separation due to their differences of sizes. The elastic gel in the bottom domain of column deformed more because the pressure of the fluid flow suppressed the packed gel layer, that is, the formed gaps among the gels at the bottom domain had the smaller ‘pore’, resulting in filtering the smaller-size of the particles at the bottom of the column. The larger the size of silica particle, the upper the filtered domain in the column. To elute the filtered silica particle, the gel layer was compacted and restored by on-off of the fluid flow, to open the gaps in the gel layer repeatedly, demonstrating that the elution percentage of silica particle was gradually increased by the repeated on-off permeation of water.
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Mun, Byung Bae, Ho Kun Kim, and Jin Koo Park. "Chemical Durability and Anti-Microbial Property of Silver-Doped Colloidal Silica." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1209.

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Silver-doped silica gel was prepared by the reaction of colloidal silica and AgNO3. In the synthetic process, aluminum ions promote the chemical durability of silver-doped silica gel with dramatically decreasing the elusion of silica ions at the aqueous solution. Especially, aluminum ions induce slow release silver ion of silver-doped silica gel over a long period of time. Also, antimicrobial effects evaluated using a shake flask method resulted in a disinfection ratio of Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538) and Escherichia coli(ATCC 25922) of over 99.9%, indicating high anti-microbial properties.
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Chao, Chin-Hsiao, and Hong-Yang Lu. "Crystallization of Na2O-doped colloidal gel-derived silica." Materials Science and Engineering: A 282, no. 1-2 (April 2000): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(99)00758-3.

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Wang, Li Hsing, and Bor Jou Tsai. "The sintering and crystallization of colloidal silica gel." Materials Letters 43, no. 5-6 (May 2000): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(99)00279-7.

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Shin, Yong Tak, Min Ji Lee, Kyung Sook Cho, and Ki Chang Song. "Effect of Colloidal Silica on the Photochromic Properties of Hard Coating Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method." Korean Chemical Engineering Research 49, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2011.49.5.535.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colloidal silica gel"

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Spencer, Laura Marie. "Evaluation of sand treated with colloidal silica gel." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37131.

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Liquefiable soils are common at ports due to the use of hydraulic fills for construction of waterfront facilities. Liquefaction-induced ground failure can result in permanent ground deformations that can cause loss of foundation support and structural damage. This can lead to substantial repair and/or replacement costs and business interruption losses that can have an adverse effect on the port and the surrounding community. Although numerous soil improvement methods exist for remediating a liquefaction-prone site, many of these methods are poorly suited for developed sites because they could damage existing infrastructure and disrupt port operations. An alternative is to use a passive remediation technique. Treating liquefiable soils with colloidal silica gel via permeation grouting has been shown to resist cyclic deformations and is a candidate to be used as a soil stabilizer in passive mitigation. The small-strain dynamic properties are essential to determine the response to seismic loading. The small-to-intermediate strain shear modulus and damping ratio of loose sand treated with colloidal silica gel was investigated and the influence of colloidal silica concentration was determined. The effect of introducing colloidal silica gel into the pore space in the initial phase of treatment results in a 10% to 12% increase in the small-strain shear modulus, depending on colloidal silica concentration. The modulus reduction curve indicates that treatment does not affect the linear threshold shear strain, however the treated samples reduce at a greater rate than the untreated samples in the intermediate-strain range above 0.01% cyclic shear strain. It was observed that the treated sand has slightly higher damping ratio in the small-strain range; however, at cyclic shear strains around 0.003% the trend reverses and the untreated sand begins to have higher damping ratio. Due to the nature of the colloidal silica gelation process, chemical bonds continue to form with time, thus the effect of aging on the dynamic properties is important. A parametric study was performed to investigate the influence of gel time on the increase in small-strain shear modulus. The effect of aging increases the small-strain shear modulus after gelling by 200 to 300% for the 40-minute-gel time samples with a distance from gelation (time after gelation normalized by gel time) of 1000 to 2000; 700% for the 2-hour-gel time sample with a distance from gelation of 1000; and 200 to 400% for the 20-hour-gel time samples with a distance from gelation of 40 to 100. The treatment of all potentially liquefiable soil at port facilities with colloidal silica would be cost prohibitive. Identifying treatment zones that would reduce the lateral pressure and resulting pile bending moments and displacements caused by liquefaction-induced lateral spreading to prevent foundation damage is an economic alternative. Colloidal silica gel treatment zones of varying size and location were evaluated by subjecting a 3-by-3 pile group in gently sloping liquefiable ground to 1-g shaking table tests. The results are compared to an untreated sample. The use of a colloidal silica treatment zone upslope of the pile group results in reduced maximum bending moments and pile displacements in the downslope row of piles when compared to an untreated sample; the presence of the treatment zone had minimal effect on the other rows of piles within the group.
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Hamderi, Murat Gallagher Patricia M. "Pilot-scale modeling of colloidal silica delivery to liquefiable sands /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3285.

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Lin, Yuanzhi Gallagher Patricia M. "Colloidal silica transport mechanisms for passive site stabilization of liquefiable soils /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1162.

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Conlee, Carolyn T. Gallagher Patricia M. "Dynamic properties of colloidal silica soils using centrifuge model tests and a full-scale field test /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3248.

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Lesaine, Arnaud. "Structural and mechanical properties of dried colloidal silica layers." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS597/document.

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Le séchage d’une suspension colloïdale produit une couche solide plus ou moins poreuse. Ce processus intervient dans de nombreuses applications, telles que le procédé sol-gel ou la fabrication de laques et de peintures. Durant le séchage, l’évaporation du solvant entraîne la rétraction du matériau ; des contraintes importantes peuvent alors apparaître dans les couches colloïdales, les rendant susceptibles de se fracturer. Il est ainsi crucial de comprendre l’influence de paramètres de contrôle tels que la vitesse de séchage, l’épaisseur de la couche ou la taille de particule sur les propriétés mécaniques et de structure du matériau final. Dans cette thèse, nous avons utilisé des suspensions de Ludox (silice colloïdale) comme système modèle afin d’étudier l’effet de la vitesse de séchage sur les propriétés du matériau solide obtenu. Dans une première partie, nous avons mis en œuvre des mesures de porosité, ainsi que de microscopie à force atomique et de diffraction de rayons X, afin de caractériser l’effet de la vitesse de séchage sur les propriétés de structure des couches sèches. Nous avons mis en évidence l’importance de la polydispersité des suspensions initiales, ainsi que des phénomènes d’agrégation de particules, sur la structure et la compacité du matériau obtenu. Dans une deuxième partie, des mesures de constantes élastiques par propagation d’ultrasons nous ont permis de déterminer l’élasticité tensorielle (i.e. le module de compressibilité et celui de cisaillement) des couches colloïdales. Ces modules élastiques dépendent de la porosité du matériau ainsi que de la taille des particules de silice. Les données expérimentales ont été comparées aux prédictions de deux schémas d’homogénéisation (Mori-Tanaka et auto-cohérent), ainsi qu’au modèle de Kendall pour le module d’Young, qui prend en considération une énergie d’adhésion entre les particules. Enfin, nous avons déterminé la résistance à la fracture des couches colloïdales à l’aide de tests d’indentation Vickers. Cette résistance à la fracture, mesurée à la fin du séchage, est mise en relation avec la vitesse d’évaporation, la porosité du matériau, ainsi que la densité de fractures observées pendant le processus d’évaporation du solvant
Drying a colloidal suspension results in the formation of a more or less porous solid layer. This procedure is central to many applications such as sol-gel processes, the design of paints and lacquers... As the solvent evaporation induces shrinkage of the material, large stresses can develop in these layers, making them prone to fracture. A crucial challenge is thus to understand the role of the control parameters, such as drying rate, film thickness and particle size, on the structural and mechanical properties of the final layer. In this thesis work, Ludox (colloidal silica) was used as a model system to study the effect of the drying rate on the structural and mechanical properties of the resultant solid. The effect of the drying rate on the structural properties of the dry layers was studied using porosity measurements as well as atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. We could evidence the importance of initial suspension dispersity and particle aggregation on the structure of the dry layers. Using ultrasound measurements, we determined the tensorial elasticity (bulk and shear moduli) of the dry layers. The elastic moduli can be related to the material porosity and the particle size. Thus, the experimental data was used to test several homogeneization schemes (Mori-Tanaka and self-consistent) as well as Kendall's model for the Young’s modulus, which considers the effect of adhesive forces between particles. Finally, hardness and fracture toughness of the materials were inferred from Vickers indentation tests. The fracture properties of the layers in their dry, final state were related to their packing fraction, the evaporation rate, and the density of the cracks formed during the desiccation process
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Rose-Hélène, Maureen. "Aspects thermodynamiques et cinétiques de la complexation de cations métalliques (Cu²+ et Ni²+) par la 5-phénylazo-8-hydroxyquinoline (5Ph8HQ) et le cyclame greffés sur des nanoparticules de silice en suspension colloïdale." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10060/document.

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Nous avons considéré autant les aspects thermodynamiques que cinétiques de la complexation d'ions métalliques (Cu2+ et Ni2+) par la 5-phénylazo-8-hydroxyquinoline (5Ph8HQ) et le cyclame greffés sur des nanoparticules de silice en dispersion colloïdale. Les silices pyrogénées, caractérisées par des surfaces spécifiques respectives d'environ 200 et 390 m2/g, ont été sélectionnées avec l'objectif d'obtenir des suspensions colloïdales stables. Nous avons démontré l'aptitude des colloïdes obtenus à extraire des cations divalents à l'état de traces (de l'ordre du micromolaire). Nous avons eu recours à l'ultrafiltration pour séparer la phase silicique dispersée de la phase aqueuse. Nous avons également montré l'intérêt de remplacer une pseudophase micellaire solubilisant l'extractant par nos phases solides. Nous avons décrit les cinétiques de complexation en utilisant la technique de la spectrophotométrie à écoulement bloqué pour les réactions les plus rapides. La dépendance de la constante de vitesse observée vis-à-vis de la concentration en cation métallique, du contre-ion considéré (acétate ou chlorure), de la force ionique et du pH a été évaluée. Pour décrire la cinétique de réaction du Ni2+ avec la 5Ph8HQ greffé, il nous a fallu prendre en compte les propriétés spectrophotométriques du complexe sur nanoparticules de silice. C'est un comportement original de la 5Ph8HQ sur silice puisque les densités optiques de solutions contenant la 5Ph8HQ en milieu micellaire ou le cyclame greffé sur silice suivent la loi de Beer-Lambert. L'étude du cyclame greffé qu'il s'agisse des cinétiques ou à l'équilibre est compliquée en raison du relargage de ce dernier en solution
We considered both the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of metal ions (Cu2+ and Ni2+) complexation by 5-phenylazo-8-hydroxyquinoline (5Ph8HQ) and cyclam grafted onto silica nanoparticles in colloidal dispersion. Fumed silicas with specific areas of respectively 200 and 390 m2/g were selected to get stable colloidal suspensions. We demonstrated the ability of these colloids to extract trace elements (at micromolar level). We used the ultrafiltration process to separate the dispersed silica phase from the aqueous phase. We also showed interest of our solid dispersed phases instead of a pseudo micellar one. We described complexation kinetics by stopped flow technique for the fastest reactions. The influence of metal cation concentration, counter-ion nature (acetate or chloride), ionic strength and pH on observed rate constant has been investigated. To describe the Ni2+ kinetics with grafted 5Ph8HQ, we took into account the spectrophotometric properties of the complex on silica nanoparticles. This is an original behaviour of 5Ph8HQ on silica since the optical densities of solutions containing 5Ph8HQ solubilised in micelles or cyclam grafted onto silica follow the Beer-Lambert's law. The study of grafted cyclam whether the kinetics or equilibrium is complicated due to the release of the latter in solution
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Singhon, Rattiya. "Adsorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) Ions on Functionalized Colloidal Silica Particles Model Studies for Wastewater Treatment." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2077/document.

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Ce doctorat porte sur la fonctionnalisation de silices colloïdales en vue de la rétention de micropolluants métalliques dans des effluents. Les nanoparticules et microparticules ouvrent des potentialités d’application dans de nombreux secteurs industriels (chimie, environnement, pharmacie...). Ainsi, ces travaux de recherche portent sur la synthèse et la caractérisation de matériaux composites submicroniques : il s’agit de silices colloïdales sur lesquelles sont greffés des silanes ou supportés des polysaccharides. Une des applications de ces travaux de recherche porte sur l’adsorption de métaux de transition sur ces composites en solution aqueuse. Dans le cadre de ce doctorat, les caractéristiques des composites sont définies par leur morphologie de surface, par l’étude des groupements fonctionnels présents, par détermination de leurs surfaces spécifiques ainsi qu’en solution aqueuse par détermination de leurs diamètres hydrodynamiques et de leurs potentiels zéta. Dans un premier temps, la fonctionnalisation de la silice a permis le greffage de groupements carboxyliques et amines dont tes taux de greffage obtenus ont été respectivement de 0,47 µmol/m² et 3,86 µmol/m². En présence de groupements amines, le potentiel  des composites est positif jusqu’ à pH 9 alors qu’il est négatif dès pH 3 pour des silices non fonctionnalisées. Dans un second temps, la silice est supportée par du chitosane dont le degré de désacétylation est de 77%. Conjointement, l’encapsulation de la silice est réalisées par du chitosane sur lequel des fonctions carboxyliques ont été greffées. La morphologie des particules est alors modifiée, leurs diamètres hydrodynamiques sont plus élevés et leurs potentiels  sont positifs jusqu’ à pH basique. La rétention d’ions métalliques (Cu(II) et Ni(II)) par ces composites à différents pH est ensuite étudiée. Pour chacun des cations métalliques, les capacités d’adsorption sont déterminées ainsi que les cinétiques d’adsorption. L’application de plusieurs modèles d’isotherme d’équilibre a été réalisée. Dans le cas de Cu(II), à pH 5, les meilleures capacités d’adsorption sont obtenues pour des silices supportées par du chitosane greffé : la capacité de rétention des ions Cu(II) est de 270 mg/g à pH 5. De même, c’est ce composite qui permet la meilleurs rétention des ions Ni(II) à pH 7 avec une capacité d’adsorption de 263 m/g. Concernant la cinétique, le modèle de réaction de surface du pseudo-second ordre s’applique bien aux résultats expérimentaux
This study is focused on the preparation of three types of silica-based composites for the capture of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions. The first strategy consists in coating chitosan on colloidal fumed silica after acidic treatment yielding the composite SiO2+CS. The second strategy can be separated into two routes: the first one involves surface grafting of silica with aminopropyltriethoxysilane to obtaining silica particles covered by amino groups (SiO2(NH2)). The second one involves in surface condensation of triethoxysilylbutyronitrile, followed by acidic hydrolysis of the surface-bound nitrile groups affording silica particles covered by carboxyl groups (SiO2(CO2H)). In the last step, chitosan has been grafted on the surface bound NH2 or -CO2H groups yielding the composites SiO2(NH2)+CS or SiO2(CO2H)+CS. The third strategy involves in the modified CS surface with -CO2H groups, followed by coating onto the non-modified silica nanoparticles to obtain the composite SiO2+CS(CO2H). The novel hybrid materials were characterized by IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and zeta potential measurements. Batch experiments were conducted to study the sorption performance of these composites for Cu(II) and Ni(II) removal from aqueous solution at optimum pH at 298 K. The kinetics were evaluated utilizing pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The adsorption kinetics followed the mechanism of the pseudo-second-order equation for all types of adsorbents. The adsorption isotherms were evaluated utilizing Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The best interpretation for equilibrium data was given by Langmuir isotherm model. This study demonstrates that the adsorption capacities for Cu(II) ion is more efficient for the SiO2+CS (256 mg g-1) compared to SiO2(NH2) (75 mg g-1). However, the carboxyl grafted CS-coated silica (SiO2+CS(CO2H) exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity (333 mg g-1). In case of Ni(II), based on Langmuir isotherm the maximum adsorption capacity found to be 182 mg g-1for SiO2+CS, and 210 mg g-1 for SiO2(CO2H) + CS. Using single-metal solutions, these adsorbents were found to have an affinity for metal ions in order as Cu(II) > Ni(II). The adsorption of Cu(II) ion by SiO2+CS was affected by the nature of the respective anion. Application of these composite materials to remove Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution was shown to be more efficient than the adsorption capacities of many sorbents probed by other research groups
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Ogundare, Ojo Oluwaseun. "Optimization and Analysis of a Slow-Release Permanganate Gel for TCE Plume Treatment in Groundwater." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou161797021188483.

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Benoit, Florence. "Développement de cristaux photoniques par voie sol-gel pour des applications laser de puissance." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4029/document.

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Les cristaux photoniques (CP) 3D sont des matériaux périodiques dont l’indice de réfraction varie périodiquement à l’échelle de la longueur d’onde. Cette propriété optique permet d’élaborer des composants optiques spécifiques comme des miroirs pour les lasers de puissance. Ces structures doivent présenter une meilleure tenue au flux laser (TFL) en régime sub-nanoseconde, comparés aux revêtements miroirs multidiélectriques actuels. Cette propriété est attendue car un unique matériau présentant une bonne TFL est utilisé pour leur élaboration, la silice. Cette étude présente donc le développement de cristaux photoniques colloïdaux 3D en utilisant la technique de Langmuir-Blodgett. Ces CP sont constitués de particules de silice avec une distribution en taille étroite, synthétisées par voie sol-gel. Différentes synthèses ont donc été développées et comparées afin d’obtenir les meilleures propriétés réfléchissantes. Une modélisation a aussi été effectuée en incluant des défauts dans une structure parfaite pour just ifier certains résultats expérimentaux
Three-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) are periodic materials with a modulated refractive index on a length scale close to the light wavelength. This optical property allows the preparation of specific optical components like highly reflective mirrors. Moreover, these structured materials might have a high laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) in the sub-nanosecond range compared to multi-layered dielectric mirrors. This property is obtained because only one high LIDT material (silica) is used. In this work, we present the development of 3D PCs with narrow-sized colloidal silica particles, prepared by sol-gel process and deposited with Langmuir- Blodgett technique. Different syntheses routes have been investigated and compared regarding the optical properties of the PCs. A numerical model based on an ideal opal network including defect influence is used to explain these experimental results
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Dieudonné, Xavier. "Etude d'empilements multicouches colloidaux préparés par voie sol-gel : propriétés optiques et mécaniques." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4022/document.

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Les procédés de dépôt de couches minces optiques par voie physique ou par voie sol-gel présentent par nature des limitations pour la réalisation de revêtements épais (>1 µm) et ont alors recours à des empilements multicouches pour la préparation de miroirs diélectriques ou de polariseurs. C'est pour ces raisons qu'il est intéressant d'étudier les conditions permettant d'augmenter l'épaisseur critique des films sol-gel notamment. Après avoir étudié la capacité d'empilements des couches colloïdales, trois principaux paramètres ont été identifiés permettant d'augmenter l'épaisseur critique d'empilements monomatériaux et multimatériaux. Ces paramètres sont : l'épaisseur déposée,les interactions chimiques entre les particules et le temps de séchage du film. Ils influencent la microstructure des empilements et par conséquent les propriétés optiques et mécaniques. En contrôlant tous ces paramètres, nous avons montré qu'il est possible de préparer des empilements colloïdaux de fortes épaisseurs ouvrent la voie à la préparation sol-gel de miroirs de hautes performances et/ou de polariseurs. En outre, un développement spécifique de méthodes de caractérisations optiques et mécaniques a été nécessaire pour l'étude de ces films sol-gel, à la fois minces et fragiles
Main optical deposition processes, physical vapor deposition or sol-gel, exhibit difficulties of achieving thick coatings (>1 µm) and to build multilayer stacks (dielectric mirrors, polarizers). For these reasons, we have studied the conditions to enable a significative increase of deposited sol-gel films thickness. Three main parameters have been evidenced enabling the control of the stacking ability : single layer deposited thickness, chemical interactions beetween nanoparticles and coating drying time. We have shown that these parameters depend on the sol composition and on deposition conditions (process) and that the microstructure of single material stacking is influenced. Optical and mechanical properties of sol-gel films have been studied and optimized regarding these different material and process parameters. For this reason, optical and mechanical characterization techniques have been specifically developed and can now be used for fragile and thin film characterization. In controlling all these parameters, it is now possible to prepare multilayer colloidal stack with high thicknesses enabling the fabrication of high-performance mirrors and polarizers
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Books on the topic "Colloidal silica gel"

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Hench, L. L. Sol-gel silica: Properties, processing, and technology transfer. Westwood, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications, 1998.

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Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), ed. Silica-based materials for advanced chemical applications. Cambridge: RSC Pub., 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Colloidal silica gel"

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Na, Moon Kyong, Myeong Sang Ahn, and Hoy Yul Park. "Properties of Sol-Gel Coating Film from Colloidal Silica-Silane Sol." In Materials Science Forum, 813–16. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-431-6.813.

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Na, Moon Kyong, Dong Pil Kang, Hoy Yul Park, Myeong Sang Ahn, and In Hye Myung. "Properties of Nano-Hybrid Sol-Gel Materials Synthesized from Colloidal Silica-Silane Containing Epoxy Silane." In Key Engineering Materials, 2278–81. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.2278.

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Na, Moon Kyong, Hoy Yul Park, Dong Pil Kang, and Myeong Sang Ahn. "Properties of Nano-Hybrid Sol-Gel Coating Films Synthesized with Colloidal Silica and Organoalkoxy Silanes." In Eco-Materials Processing and Design IX, 69–72. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-472-3.69.

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Nascimento, G. L. T., L. M. Seara, B. R. A. Neves, and N. D. S. Mohallem. "Textural characterization of porous silica films prepared by the sol–gel process." In Surface and Colloid Science, 227–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b97091.

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Chou, Kan-Sen, and Chen-Chih Chen. "Preparation of Monodispersed Silica Colloids Using Sol-Gel Method: Cosolvent Effect." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 57–67. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118407820.ch6.

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Ueno, Kazuhide, and Masayoshi Watanabe. "Silica Colloidal Suspensions in Ionic Liquids: Colloidal Stability and Fabrication of Ion Gels on the basis of Colloidal Self-Assembly." In ACS Symposium Series, 199–210. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1030.ch014.

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Sánchez, M. G. "Development of Silica Gels and Impact of Silica Research on Studies of Other Colloidal Systems." In Advances in Chemistry, 470–79. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1994-0234.ch023.

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Lakatos, I., and J. Lakatos-Szabó. "Diffusion of H+> ions in polymer/silicate gels." In From Colloids to Nanotechnology, 167–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45119-8_28.

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"Sol–Gel Processing of Silica." In Colloidal Silica, 643–64. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420028706-51.

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"Surveying the Silica Gel Surface with Excited States." In Colloidal Silica, 395–406. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420028706-34.

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Conference papers on the topic "Colloidal silica gel"

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Spencer, Laura, Glenn J. Rix, and Patricia Gallagher. "Colloidal Silica Gel and Sand Mixture Dynamic Properties." In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics Congress IV. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40975(318)101.

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Suciu, Claudiu V., Takuzo Iwatsubo, Kazuhiko Yaguchi, and Masayoshi Ikenaga. "Investigation of the Water Flow Into a Mesoporous Matrix From Hydrophobized Silica Gel." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3109.

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In this work a generalized hydrodynamic theory for the water flow into a mesoporous matrix from hydrophobized silica gel is suggested. Although we examine a fluid dynamics problem, i.e., the motion of the water-gas-solid contact line, motivation for such research derives from the investigation of a novel principle of mechanical energy dissipation, called colloidal damper. Similar to hydraulic damper, this absorber has a cylinder-piston structure, but oil is replaced by a colloid consisted of a mesoporous matrix and a lyophobic liquid. Here, the mesoporous matrix is from silica gel modified by linear chains of alkyldimethylchlorosilanes and water is the associated lyophobic liquid. Mainly, the colloidal damper energy loss can be explained by the dynamic contact angle hysteresis in advancing (liquid displaces gas) and receding (gas displaces liquid); such hysteresis occurs due to the geometrical and chemical heterogeneities of the solid surface. Measuring technique of the hysteresis loop is described. From experimental data one calculates the dissipated energy, damper efficiency and the damping coefficient versus the length of the grafted molecule on the silica gel surface. Experimental results are justified by the flow analysis. Generalized hydrodynamic theory means here that the basic structure of Navier-Stokes equations is kept, but in order to include the relation between macroscopic flow and molecular interactions, slip is allowed on the solid wall. Nano-pillar architecture of the silica gel hydrophobic coating is described. During adsorption, water penetrates the pore space by maintaining contact with the top of the coating molecules (region of -CH3 groups); after that, water is forced into and partially or totally fills the space between molecules (region of -CH2 groups); in such circumstances, at the release of the external pressure, desorption occurs. Mechanism of energy dissipation is discussed. Results obtained are useful for the appropriate design of the hydrophobic coating of a mesoporous matrix which is destined to colloidal damper use.
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Suciu, Claudiu Valentin. "Experimental Investigations on the Nano-Damping Durability." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70018.

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Connected to the nano-technological development, solid-liquid interfaces have been used to dissipate surface energies, in systems where the solid is liquid-repellent. Such interfaces are able to store, release or transform the mechanical energy. For instance, some modified silicas and zeolites in association with water have been used to build efficient ecological dampers and springs. Regarding this attractive kind of storage and loss of energy, some practical aspects, such as the endurance limits need to be clarified, and measures to augment the nano-damping durability to values required by usual machine elements (106−107 working cycles) await validation. Thus, in this work endurance tests are performed on nano-porous silica gel micro-particles by using a compression-decompression chamber. When the colloidal mixture of water and silica gel was supplied directly into the test chamber, the nano-damping performances abruptly reduced at augmentation of the number of working cycles due to the colloid leakage at the seals. Such severe leakage occurred since the clearance between the piston and cylinder (hundreds of microns), prescribed by the seals makers, was one order of magnitude larger than the diameter of silica gel particles (tens of microns); accordingly, a few layers of silica gel penetrated the gap, producing damage by abrasive wear of the seals and even of the piston surface during about 105 working cycles. In order to augment the nano-damping durability, colloidal mixture of water and silica gel is introduced inside of a tank that is separated by micro-filters from the main cylinder, in which only water is supplied. One discusses the influence of filtration on the nano-damping performances and the variation of durability versus the ratio of the filter pore’s diameter to the mean size of the silica gel particles. During a few working cycles the silica gel grains are not damaged, since the uniform pressure distribution in the liquid surrounding the particles prevent them from premature fracture, even at high-pressurization. However, silica gel grains that undergo gradually fatigue fracture are able to pass the filter and then, to escape at the test chamber seals; this produces a continuous reduction of the silica gel quantity inside of the pressurization chamber and accordingly, a proportional reduction of dissipation. On a logarithmic scale, a slight linear decreasing of the damping occurs until a critical number of working cycles; this is followed by an abrupt linear reduction of dissipation, with a slope that decreases when the diameter of the filter orifices is diminished. Despite the undesired decreasing of the nano-damping performances at augmentation of the number of working cycles, using appropriate filters the durability can be extended to reach the required life of an actual machine element.
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Williams, David L., Sven G. Roden, Terence A. King, and Kevin R. Welford. "Fabrication and characterization of thin, spin-coated, sol-gel, and colloidal silica films." In SPIE's 1994 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, edited by John D. Mackenzie. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.188997.

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Huang, Jin, Ayman Al-Mohsin, Mohammed Bataweel, Prasad Karadkar, Wengang Li, and Abrar Shaikh. "Systematic Approach to Develop a Colloidal Silica Based Gel System for Water Shut-Off." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/183942-ms.

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Janoszczyk, Barbara, Jan Wojcik, Mariusz Makara, and Witold Spytek. "Application of reactivity atmospheres to purification of silica glass during its synthesis by colloidal sol-gel method." In International Conference on Optoelectronic Information Technologies, edited by Sergey V. Svechnikov, Volodymyr P. Kojemiako, and Sergey A. Kostyukevych. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.429739.

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Suciu, Claudiu Valentin. "Energy Dissipation During Liquid Adsorption/Desorption In/From Liquid-Repellent Nanochannels." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62040.

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Ability of viscous fluids, flowing in narrow interstices, to dissipate the mechanical energy of shock and vibration is well known. In recent years, connected to the nano-technological development, solid-liquid interfaces have been used to dissipate surface energies, in systems where the solid is liquid-repellent; such interfaces are able to store, release or transform the energy. Thus, the contact angle hysteresis can be applied to dissipate the mechanical energy, and this kind of energy loss, in which not the viscosity but the surface tension of the liquid plays the main role, is called surface dissipation. In fact a liquid nano-porosimeter that exhibits nano-damping ability, when applied to mechanical systems is called colloidal damper. Concretely, during the cyclical adsorption/desorption of the liquid (e.g., water or aqueous solutions) in/from the liquid-repellent nanochannels (e.g., modified nanoporous silica gel) the energy is dissipated. Such absorber is convenient from the ecological standpoint since it is oil-free and since both the silica gel (artificial sand with controlled architecture) and the liquid are environment-friendly. Connected to this attractive kind of energy loss, one of the problems awaiting solution is that a theoretical model of the surface dissipation remains to be developed and validated by tests. Accordingly, in this work, based on a detailed discussion of the mechanism of surface dissipation one reveals that the parameters which determine the magnitude of the energy loss are the silica gel mass, the liquid and solid surface tensions, and an integral function (specific pore surface) which is related to the nano-architecture of the liquid-repellent coating, to the silica gel pore architecture and to the maximum applied pressure. Silica gel particles are supposed to be obtained through the aggregation of nano-particles, producing rough nanochannels of variable radius, and normal distribution fits quite well the measured pores size distributions. Heterogeneous molecules of the liquid-repellent coating have a methyl group as head, and a body consisted of methylene groups; they produce a nanopillar structure on the silica gel surface. Maximization of the surface dissipation for imposed working liquid or imposed coating molecule is discussed. Test rig is a compression-decompression chamber used to validate the theoretical findings. Results obtained are useful in general for the appropriate design of liquid-repellent nanochannels with technological applications, and in particular for the absorber optimum design under imposed requirements.
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Denton, Mark S., and William D. Bostick. "New Innovative Electrocoagulation (EC) Treatment Technology for BWR Colloidal Iron Utilizing the Seeding and Filtration Electronically (SAFE™) System." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7186.

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The presence of iron (iron oxide from carbon steel piping) buildup in Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) circuits and wastewaters is decades old. In, perhaps the last decade, the advent of precoatless filters for condensate blow down has compounded this problem due to the lack of a solid substrate (e.g., powdex resin pre-coat) to help drop the iron out of solution. The presence and buildup of this iron in condensate phase separators (CPS) further confounds the problem when the tank is decanted back to the plant. Iron carryover here is unavoidable without further treatment steps. The form of iron in these tanks, which partially settles and is pumped to a de-waterable high integrity container (HIC), is particularly difficult and time consuming to dewater (low shear strength, high water content). The addition upstream from the condensate phase separator (CPS) of chemicals, such as polymers, to carry out the iron, only produces an iron form even more difficult to filter and dewater (even less shear strength, higher water content, and a gel/slime consistency). Typical, untreated colloidal material contains both sub-micron particles up to, let’s say 100 micron. It is believed that the sub-micron particles penetrate filters, or sheet filters, thus plugging the pores for what should have been the successful filtration of the larger micron particles. Like BWR iron wastewaters, fuel pools/storage basins (especially in the decon. phase) often contain colloids which make clarity and the resulting visibility nearly impossible. Likewise, miscellaneous, often high conductivity, wastesteams at various plants contain such colloids, iron, salts (sometimes seawater intrusion and referred to as Salt Water Collection Tanks), dirt/clay, surfactants, waxes, chelants, etc. Such wastestreams are not ideally suited for standard dead-end (cartridges) or cross-flow filtration (UF/RO) followed even by demineralizers. Filter and bed plugging are almost assured. The key to solving these dilemmas is 1) to break the colloid (i.e., break the outer radius repulsive charges of the similar charged colloidal particles), 2) allow these particles to now flocculate (floc), and 3) form a type of floc that is more readily filterable, and, thus, dewaterable. This task has been carried out with the innovative application of electronically seeding the feed stream with the metal of choice, and without the addition of chemicals common to ferri-floccing, or polymer addition. This patent-pending new system and technique is called Seeding And Filtration Electronically, or the SAFE™ System. Once the colloid has been broken and flocking has begun, removal of the resultant floc can be carried out by standard, backwashable (or, in simple cases, dead-end) filters; or simply in dewaterable HICs or liners. Such applications include low level radwaste (LLW) from both PWRs and BWRs, fuel pools, storage basins, salt water collection tanks, etc. For the removal of magnetic materials, such as some BWR irons, an ElectroMagnetic Filter (EMF) was developed to couple with the ElectroCoagulation (EC), (or metal-Floccing) Unit. In the advent that the wastestream primarily contains magnetic materials (e.g., boiler condensates and magnetite, and hemagnetite from BWRs), the material was simply filtered using the EMF. Bench-, pilot- and full-scale systems have been assembled and applied on actual plant waste samples quite successfully. The effects of initial feed pH and conductivity, as well as flocculation retention times was examined prior to applying the production equipment into the field. Since the initial studies (Denton, et al, EPRI, 2006), the ultimate success of field applications is now being demonstrated as the next development phase. For such portable field demonstrations and demand systems, a fully self enclosed (secondary containment) EC system was first developed and assembled in a modified B 25 Box (Floc-In-A-Box) and is being deployed to a number of NPP sites. Finally, a full-scale SAFE™ System has been deployed to Exelon’s Dresden NPP as a vault cleanup demand system. This is a 30 gpm EC system to convert vault solids/sludges to a form capable of being collected and dewatered in a High Integrity Container (HIC). This initial vault work will be on-going for approximately three months, before being moved to additional vaults. During the past year, additional refinements to the patent pending SAFE™ System have included the SAFER™ System (Scalant and Foulant Electronic Removal) for the removal by EC of silica, calcium and magnesium. This has proven to be an effective enabler for RO, NF and UF as a pretreatment system. Advantages here include smaller, more efficiently designed systems and allowed lower removal efficiencies with the removal of the limiting factor of scalants. Similarly, the SAFE™ System has been applied in the form of a BAC-UP™ System (Boric Acid Clean-Up) as an alternative to more complex RO or boric acid recycle systems. Lastly, samples were received from two different DOE sites for the removal of totally soluable, TDS, species (e.g., cesium, Cs, Sr, Tc, etc.). For these applications, an ion-specific seed (an element of the SMART™ System) was coupled with the Cs prior to EC and subsequent filtration and dewatering, for the effective removal of the cesium complex and the segregation of low level and high waste (LLW & HLW) streams.
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Gallagher, Patricia M., and Yuanzhi Lin. "Column Testing to Determine Colloidal Silica Transport Mechanisms." In Geo-Frontiers Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40783(162)15.

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Clasen, Rolf, M. Hornfeck, and Wolfgang Theiss. "IR-spectroscopical investigations on the glass structure of porous and sintered compacts of colloidal silica gels." In ECO4 (The Hague '91), edited by Giancarlo C. Righini. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.46029.

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Reports on the topic "Colloidal silica gel"

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Hunt, J., S. Ezzedine, W. Bourcier, and S. Roberts. Applications of Geothermally-Produced Colloidal Silica in Reservoir Management - Smart Gels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1088442.

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Seright, R., and F. Martin. Fluid diversion and sweep improvement with chemical gels in oil recovery processes. [Four types of gels: resorcinol-formaldehyde; colloidal silica; Cr sup 3+ (chloride)-xanthan; and Cr sup 3+ (acetate)-polyacrylamide]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7233798.

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