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Journal articles on the topic 'Collum angle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Panezai, Saadia, Nasrullah Mengal, and Sadia Nisar Ahmed. "COLLUM’S ANGLE AND CROWN ROOT ANGLE OF MAXILLARY INCISORS IN DIFFERENT MALOCCLUSIONS." PAFMJ 71, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i1.4983.

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Objective: To determine Collum angle and crown to root angle of maxillary central incisor in different skeletalmalocclusion. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Orthondontics department, Bolan Medical College, Civil Sandman Hospital,Quetta, from Jun to Dec 2018. Methodology: Data sample consisted of 140 lateral cephalograms. Sample consisted of 74 female cephalograms and 66 male cephalograms. The mean age of sampled subjects ranged between 21.62 ± 5.96 years. The Colum angle of the maxillary central incisors in each group was measured. SPSS version 21 was used to enter and process data. Comparison between Class II division 1 and division 2 collum angles was made by applying student t-test. Results: The average value for Collum angle in class II division 1 sample was 4.38 ± 3.08 with minimum being 0and maximum 15 degree. The average values for Class II division 2 was 10.52 ± 4.37 with minimum 30 and amaximum 23 degree. Conclusion: Maxillary central incisors in all malocclusions had significantly different mean Collum angles fromzero. Paired sample t-test comparison showed that the Collum angle for maxillary central was much higher inClass II division 2.

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Behroz, Erum, Hafiz Zuhair Ahmed, S. M. Tariq Rafi, Tabassum Ahsan Qadeer, Mairah Shah, and Samar Fatima. "Comparison of Collum Angle of Maxillary Central Incisor in High Angle and Low Angle Patients." Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 30, no. 02 (May 27, 2021): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25301/jpda.302.113.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the mean collum angle of maxillary central incisor and to compare it between high angle and low angle patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted using lateral cephalometric radiographs of 61 class II division 1 patients (comprised 32 males, 29 females, age range 13 to 30 years) from the record files of patients inducted for Orthodontic management from June 2020 till August 2020 at the Department of Orthodontics, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Science, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. The sample was divided on the basis of Vertical Analysis (angulation of mandibular plane) into high and low angle cases. Collum angle was measured using the angulation of the Maxillary Central Incisor (MCI). Student t-test was used to compare the mean difference of the collum angle between skeletal vertical malocclusions. RESULTS: Mean value of the collum angle for high angle (Vertical Growth pattern) cases were mean ± standard deviation (4.35°±1.49°) while for low angle groups (Horizontal Growth pattern) were (2.41°±1.60°). CONCLUSION: There Collum angle of permanent maxillary central incisors differ significantly (p<0.001) among high angle and Low angle malocclusions cases (n=61) and showed pronounced axial bending in Class II division 1 incisors with high angle (4.35° ± 1.49°) as compared to low angle malocclusion (2.41° ± 1.60°). KEYWORDS: Collum Angle, Maxillary Central Incisor, Orthodontic Treatment, High Angle, Low Angle.

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Gomaa, Nahla, Shaimaa Elmarhoumy, and Neveen Fakhry. "Maxillary Central Incisors’ collum angle in different skeletal vertical malocclusions – A Cephaometric study." Egyptian Dental Journal 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/edj.2019.71240.

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4

HOFMANN, ULF-KRISTER, INGMAR IPACH, INA-CHRISTINE RONDAK, ROLAND SYHA, MARCO GÖTZE, and FALK MITTAG. "INFLUENCE OF AGE ON PARAMETERS FOR FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT AND HIP DYSPLASIA IN X-RAYS." Acta Ortopédica Brasileira 25, no. 5 (October 2017): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220172505173951.

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ABSTRACT Objective: While several radiographic parameters have been established to describe the geometry and pathology of the hip, their reference values and clinical significance remain a matter of dispute. The present study tests the hypothesis that age has a relevant impact on radiographic hip parameters. Method: Pelvic antero-posterior views were measured for CE angle, Sharp’s angle, acetabular depth-to-width ratio, femoral head extrusion index, roof obliquity, caput-collum-diaphyseal (CCD) angle, and Murray’s femoral head ratio, and the values obtained were correlated with age. Results: Significant weak and moderate linear correlations (all Ps<0.001) were observed between age and CE angle (ρ=0.31), Sharp’s angle (ρ=-0.38), extrusion index (ρ=-0.22), CCD angle (ρ=-0.15), depth-to-width ratio (ρ=-0.38), and roof obliquity (ρ=-0.19), while Murray’s femoral head ratio (ρ=0.05; P=0.274) was not associated with age. Interestingly, the parameters describing the acetabulum all showed a relevant increase in coverage with age, leading to CE-angles well beyond 40° and a Sharp’s angle below 35° in a large portion of asymptomatic older adults. Conclusion: While a decrease in CCD angle with age is described in most orthopedic textbooks, the changes observed with age in acetabular geometry far exceed those measured at the femoral head-neck junction. We recommend considering these alterations that may be attributable to age when formulating a radiographic diagnosis. Level of Evidence III, Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.

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5

Joshi, Harshil Naresh. "A Rare Case of Severely Acute Collum Angle in Orthodontic Practice – A Case Report." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 14, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/14.6.5.

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6

Golubovic, Ivan, Zoran Bascarevic, Predrag Stojiljkovic, Zoran Radovanovic, Ivana Golubovic, Milan Radojkovic, Dusan Djordjevic, Aleksandar Mitic, Svetlana Milijic, and Zoran Golubovic. "Surgical treatment of secondary hip osteoarthritis using cementless total hip endoprosthesis with Fitmore® Hip Stem: A case report." Vojnosanitetski pregled 74, no. 8 (2017): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp151223198g.

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Introduction. Hip dysplasia with subluxation represents insufficient coverage of the femur's head placed in the dysplastic acetabulum. This lack of coverage ranges from barely noticeable to condition where half of femur head is uncovered by acetabulum. The caput-collum-diaphyseal angle of the proximal femur and anteversion angle of collum are increased, Wiberg?s angle is less than 15? and M?nard-Shenton line is interrupted. Hip joint degeneration occurs very early. When radiological signs of hip joint degenerative changes are discovered in elderly they are associated with pain, limited movements and leg shortening. Case report. We present a 53-year old female treated conservatively in childhood because of hip diyplasia with subluxation. After pregnancy, right hip pain emerged. Clinical and radiological examinations revealed hip subluxation with the signs of degenerative osteoarthritis. Initial treatment was conservative and included drugs and balneophysical procedures. Since pain and movement impairment progressed and became constant, a hip replacement using cementless total endoprosthesis with Fitmore? Hip Stem was done. In the pre-operative preparation, anteroposterior x-ray of the hip(with third of the proximal femur) was made. This X-ray enabled precise planning of implantation endoprosthesis component. The early postoperative course was uneventful with very good therapeutic effect. Following successful physical rehabilitation, the patient returned to work and full life activity. Conclusion. Implantation of the cementless endoprosthesis with Fitmore? Hip Stem in the treatment of secondary hip osteoarthritis is a good choice in the treatment of young patients with good bone quality. Future clinical and radiological follow-up and comparative studies are needed to show the advantages of this type of stem compared to the classical cementless long stem.

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Elangovan, Bharathi, Bhadrinath Srinivasan, Vignesh Kailasam, and Sridevi Padmanabhan. "Comparison of the collum angle of incisors and canines in skeletal malocclusions – A CBCT study." International Orthodontics 18, no. 3 (September 2020): 468–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ortho.2020.06.006.

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8

Shen, Yen-Wen, Jui-Ting Hsu, Yi-Hui Wang, Heng-Li Huang, and Lih-Jyh Fuh. "The Collum angle of the maxillary central incisors in patients with different types of malocclusion." Journal of Dental Sciences 7, no. 1 (March 2012): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2012.01.010.

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9

Selvan, Subashree Rathi, Saravana Pandiyan K, and Ravindra Kumar Jain. "Comparison of Maxillary Central Incisor Labial Crown-Root Angle with Collum Angle in Class I and Class II Division 2 Malocclusion." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 9, no. 33 (August 17, 2020): 2324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2020/505.

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10

Blum, Sophia, Lea Franken, Albrecht Hartmann, Falk Thielemann, Verena Plodeck, Dirk Danowski, Jens-Peter Kühn, Ralf-Thorsten Hoffmann, Klaus-Peter Günther, and Jens Goronzy. "MRI-based static and functional assessment of complex hip deformities in comparison with CT: a validation study." Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 33, no. 6 (April 22, 2020): 829–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10334-020-00845-5.

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Abstract Objective This study aimed at investigating the agreement between predefined quantitative parameters of hip morphology derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and virtual range of motion (ROM) analysis using computed tomography (CT) as standard of reference. Methods Twenty patients (13 females, 7 males, 16–59 years) with hip deformities underwent MRI prior to surgery. Clockwise alpha angle, femoral head and neck diameter, collum caput diaphysis angle, femoral torsion, center-edge angles, acetabular coverage of the femoral head, sourcil angle, and acetabular anteversion were measured. Additionally, tern single and combined movements were simulated using a motion analysis program. The MRI findings were compared with the corresponding results obtained by CT. Correlation of MRI with CT was assessed using different statistical methods (intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland–Altmann plot, two one-sided t test), and linear regression analysis was performed. Results The results showed near-perfect intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for anteversion (0.95), acetabular sector angles (0.98–0.99), sourcil angle (0.95), and acetabular coverage (anterior 0.96, posterior 0.99). Intermethod correlation for femoral parameters showed almost perfect agreement except for the alpha angle (0.73–0.97). No significant proportional bias was detected for traditional acetabular and femoral parameters. ROM analysis was performed for 370 movements in 37 hips. For 78.4% (290/370) of the movements analysed, neither CT nor MRI detected impingement across the physiological ROM. For 18.6% (69/370) of the movements, impingement was detected by both CT and MRI, while 2.2% (8/370) of the movements with impingement in CT showed no impingement in MRI, and 0.8% (3/370) of the movements with impingement in MRI had no corresponding result in CT. Conclusion Finally, it was concluded that MRI-based assessment of hip morphology and virtual ROM analysis is feasible and can be performed with good intermethod agreement in comparison to the gold standard (CT). Therefore, MRI appears to be substantially equivalent to CT for use in virtual ROM analysis and so may reasonably be used in place of CT for this purpose.

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Herrlin, K., H. Pettersson, and G. Selvik. "Comparison of Two- and Three-Dimensional Methods for Assessment of Orientation of the Total Hip Prosthesis." Acta Radiologica 29, no. 3 (May 1988): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518802900319.

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A comparison of two- and three-dimensional methods for the determination of the orientation of total hip prostheses was made in a group of 57 patients. The acetabular inclination and the collum-diaphyseal angle measured on a.p. projections (2-D) were adequate in most cases for assessing how vertically the prosthetic component was inserted, but in individual cases with a high degree of version these measurements could be misleading. Anteversion measured in the transverse plane (2-D) was more sensitive to errors than planar anteversion measured as a rotation around the longest diameter of the ellipsoid projection of the acetabular opening, but it gave a rough estimate of the relation of the prosthetic components. Determination of the spatial (3-D) orientation of the components provides a precise estimate of the component relations.

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12

Feres, MuriloFernando Neuppmann, BiancaSantana Rozolen, Adel Alhadlaq, ThamerA Alkhadra, and Tarek El-Bialy. "Comparative tomographic study of the maxillary central incisor collum angle between Class I, Class II, division 1 and 2 patients." journal of orthodontic science 7, no. 1 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_84_17.

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13

Srinivasan, Bhadrinath, Vignesh Kailasam, Arun Chitharanjan, and Arthi Ramalingam. "Relationship between crown-root angulation (collum angle) of maxillary central incisors in Class II, division 2 malocclusion and lower lip line." Orthodontics The Art and Practice of Dentofacial Enhancement 14, no. 1 (2013): e66-e74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11607/ortho.841.

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14

Tabbaa, Sawsan, Nick Kelley, Grant C. Vezina, and Tarek El-Bialy. "Cone-beam Computed Tomography Analysis of the Relationship between the Curve of Spee and the Collum Angle of Mandibular Anterior Teeth." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 22, no. 6 (2021): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3102.

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15

Isotalo, K., J. Rantanen, V. Äärimaa, and E. Gullichsen. "The Long-Term Results of Lubinus Interplanta Hemiarthroplasty in 228 Acute Femoral Neck Fractures. A Retrospective Six-Year Follow-Up." Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 91, no. 4 (December 2002): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145749690209100409.

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Background and Aims: We retrospectively studied survival of patients treated with Lubinus interplanta (IP) semiendoprosthesis in acute hip fracture. Materials and Methods: The long-term results of Lubinus interplanta (IP) hemiarthroplasty in 228 acute medial fractures of the femoral neck in 222 patients were reviewed. Results and Conclusions: The mean age of the patients was 80.3 years. The mean duration of post-operative follow-up was 6.3 years (range 5–8 years). There were 12 reoperations (5.3 %), of which 8 were revisions (3.5 %). Dislocation rate was 3.5 %. Survival was 93 % at three years and 88 % at six years (Kaplan-Meier-survival analysis). Conclusions: These results surpass those previously published after Thompson and Moore hemiarthroplasties. The Lubinus prosthesis has a greater CCD (caput, collum, diaphyse) angle and a longer stem compared to Thompson and Moore implants. The need for resection of calcar cortex is also limited. These biomechanical facts may explain the good long-term results of Lubinus hemiarthroplasty.

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Lerch, Till D., Sébastien Zwingelstein, Florian Schmaranzer, Adam Boschung, Markus S. Hanke, Inga A. S. Todorski, Simon D. Steppacher, et al. "Posterior Extra-articular Ischiofemoral Impingement Can Be Caused by the Lesser and Greater Trochanter in Patients With Increased Femoral Version: Dynamic 3D CT–Based Hip Impingement Simulation of a Modified FABER Test." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 232596712199062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121990629.

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Background: Posterior extra-articular hip impingement has been described for valgus hips with increased femoral version (FV). These patients can present clinically with lack of external rotation (ER) and extension and with a positive posterior impingement test. But we do not know the effect of the combination of deformities, and the impingement location in early flexion is unknown. Purpose: To evaluate patient-specific 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scans of hips with increased FV and control hips for differences in range of motion, location and prevalence of osseous posterior intra- and extra-articular hip impingement. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Osseous 3D models based on segmentation of 3D CT scans were analyzed for 52 hips (38 symptomatic patients) with positive posterior impingement test and increased FV (>35°). There were 26 hips with an increased McKibbin instability index >70 (unstable hips). Patients were mainly female (96%), with an age range of 18 to 45 years. Of them, 21 hips had isolated increased FV (>35°); 22 hips had increased FV and increased acetabular version (AV; >25°); and 9 valgus hips (caput-collum-diaphyseal angle >139°) had increased FV and increased AV. The control group consisted of 20 hips with normal FV, normal AV, and no valgus (caput-collum-diaphyseal angle <139°). Validated 3D CT–based collision detection software for impingement simulation was used to calculate impingement-free range of motion and location of hip impingement. Surgical treatment was performed after the 3D CT–based impingement simulation in 27 hips (52%). Results: Hips with increased FV had significantly ( P < .001) decreased extension and ER at 90° of flexion as compared with the control group. Posterior impingement was extra-articular (92%) in hips with increased FV. Valgus hips with increased FV and AV had combined intra- and extra-articular impingement. Posterior hip impingement occurred between the ischium and the lesser trochanter at 20° of extension and 20° of ER. Impingement was located between the ischium and the greater trochanter or intertrochanteric area at 20° of flexion and 40° of ER, with a modification of the flexion-abduction-ER (FABER) test. Conclusion: Posterior extra-articular ischiofemoral hip impingement can be caused by the lesser and greater trochanter or the intertrochanteric region. We recommend performing the modified FABER test during clinical examination in addition to the posterior impingement test for female patients with high FV. In addition, 3D CT can help for surgical planning, such as femoral derotation osteotomy and/or hip arthroscopy or resection of the lesser trochanter.

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Woerner, Michael L., Markus Weber, Benjamin S. Craiovan, H. Robert Springorum, Joachim Grifka, and Tobias F. Renkawitz. "Radiographic Assessment of Femoral Stem Torsion in Total Hip Arthroplasty-A Comparison of a Caput-Collum-Diaphyseal Angle-Based Technique With the Budin View." Journal of Arthroplasty 31, no. 5 (May 2016): 1117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2015.11.013.

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18

Yao, Mengxuan, Yuchuan Wang, Congcong Wei, Yongtai Han, and Huijie Li. "Greater increase in femoral offset with use of collum femoris-preserving stem than Tri-Lock stem in primary total hip arthroplasty." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 5 (May 2020): 030006052092599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520925999.

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Objective This study was performed to compare the clinical outcomes and performance of the collum femoris-preserving (CFP) stem (Waldemar Link GmbH & Co., Hamburg, Germany) and the Tri-Lock stem (DePuy Orthopaedics, Warsaw, IN, USA) in terms of femoral offset (FO) and leg length reconstruction. Methods Clinical and radiographic data of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty with either a CFP stem or Tri-Lock stem from January 2016 to March 2017 were compared (65 and 57 patients, respectively). The Harris hip score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index were recorded. The FO, femoral vertical offset, and neck–shaft angle were measured at the last follow-up. The occurrence of dislocation and periprosthetic fracture during the follow-up period was recorded. Results The CFP stem induced significantly more FO than did the Tri-Lock stem on the operated side than contralateral side (3.63 ± 4.28 vs. 0.83 ± 5.46 mm). Significantly fewer patients had a >5-mm decrease in FO on the unaffected side in the CFP stem group ( n = 1) than Tri-Lock stem group ( n = 10). Conclusion Both stems similarly improved hip function and reconstructed the leg length, but the CFP stem was superior to the Tri-Lock stem in reconstructing FO.

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Yim, Soo Jae, Yong Bok Park, Hyun Kwon Kim, and Sin Hyung Park. "Comparison of the Clinical and Radiographic Results between 125° and 130° Caput-Collum-Diaphyseal Angle Proximal Femoral Nail Anti-Rotation II in Patients with Intertrochanteric Fracture." Journal of the Korean Fracture Society 33, no. 4 (2020): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.12671/jkfs.2020.33.4.210.

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Yildirgan, Kemal, Edris Zahir, Siamak Sharafi, Sufian Ahmad, Benoit Schaller, Meret E. Ricklin, and Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos. "Mandibular Fractures Admitted to the Emergency Department: Data Analysis from a Swiss Level One Trauma Centre." Emergency Medicine International 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3502902.

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Mandibular fracture is a common occurrence in emergency medicine and belongs to the most frequent facial fractures. Historically road traffic injuries (RTIs) have played a prominent role as a cause for mandibular fractures. We extracted data from all patients between August 2012 and February 2015 with “lower jaw fracture” or “mandibular fracture” from the routine database from the emergency department. We conducted a descriptive analysis at a Swiss level one trauma centre. 144 patients were admitted with suspected mandibular fractures. The majority underwent CT diagnostic (83%). In 7% suspected mandibular fracture was not confirmed. More than half of all patients suffered two or more fractures. The fractures were median or paramedian in 77/144 patients (53%) and in other parts (corpus, mandibular angle, ramus mandibularis, collum, and temporomandibular joint) in 100/144 (69%). Male to female ratio was 3 : 1 up to 59 years of age; 69% were younger than 40 years. 72% of all patients presented during daytime, 69% had to be hospitalized, and 31% could be discharged from the ED after treatment. Most fractures were due to fall (44%), followed by interpersonal violence (25%) and sport activities (12%). Falls were a dominant cause of fracture in all age groups while violence and sport activities were common only in younger patients. Comparisons to other studies were difficult due to lack of standardization of causes contributing to the injuries. In the observed time period and setting RTIs have played a minor role compared to falls, interpersonal violence, and sports. In the future, standardized documentation as well as categorization of causes for analytic purposes is urgently needed to facilitate international comparison of studies.

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21

Koczy-Baron, Aleksandra, Bogdan Koczy, Michał Mielnik, Tomasz Stołtny, Kamil Baczyński, Robert Hawranek, Radosław Łanowy, and Karol Szyluk. "Influence of Radiographic Bone Quality on the Type of Proximal Humerus Fracture." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 23, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8136.

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Background. The risk of proximal humerus fractures increases with age and deterioration of bone quality over time, and the treatment of these injuries may be clinically challenging.The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between local bone quality and the morphology of proximal humerus fractures. Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective study of 187 patients diagnosed with proximal humerus fractures. X-ray images of all patients were analysed, and on this basis, bone quality was assessed, using the Deltoid Tuberosity Index (DTI), average cortical bone thickness (CBTavg) and the Tingart measurement. The type of fracture was classified according to Neer’s and Association for Osteosynthesis (AO) classifications. Moreover, the caput-collum-diaphyseal (CCD) angle was measured and the relationships between valgus or varus fractures and the DTI, CBTAVG and Tingart parameters were investigated in all patients. Results. Using the Neer classification, the most common fracture type was type 3, found in 90 patients (48.1%). A total of 51 patients (27.3%) sustained an AO B1 fracture. Significantly lower mean DTI values were noted in patients with a Neer 4 fracture compared to those with Neer 3 (p = 0.02) and Neer 2 fractures (p = 0.03). Moreover, significantly higher mean DTI (p <0.00) and CBTAVG (p <0.025) values were noted in the group of patients with valgus fractures (CCD> 140º). Conclusions. 1. In the group of patients diagnosed with a four-part fracture according to Neer, bone quality assessed using the Deltoid Tuberosity Index was significantly worse than in two- and three-part fractures. 2. Significantly higher bone quality, assessed on the basis of the DTI and CBTAVG indices, was observed among patients with valgus fractures compared to those with varus fractures.

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Kelani, Taiwo D., Annabelle Lee, Miny Walker, Louis J. Koizia, Melanie Dani, Michael B. Fertleman, and Angela E. Kedgley. "The Influence of Cervical Spine Angulation on Symptoms Associated With Wearing a Rigid Neck Collar." Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation 12 (January 1, 2021): 215145932110123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21514593211012391.

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Introduction: Rigid cervical spine collars can be used to maintain the position of the cervical spine following injury or surgery. However, they have been associated with difficulty swallowing, pressure sores and pain, particularly in older patients. We aimed to investigate the relationship between cervical spine angulation, a rigid neck collar and neck pain in healthy young and older adults. Methods: Twenty healthy young adults aged 25 ± 3 years and 17 healthy older adults aged 80 ± 8 years were tested. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of their cervical spines were taken before and after the rigid neck collar was worn for 1 hour. Measurement of vertebral angulation involved digitization of the scans and joint angle calculations using image processing software. Pain was quantified before and after the collar was worn, using a visual analogue scale. Results: Pain scores increased in the young group after the collar was worn (p = 0.001). The older group showed no difference in pain score after the collar was worn. Statistical tests showed no significant correlations between the change in cervical angles and the change in pain scores after the collar was worn. Discussion: The aging process may contribute to the changing distribution of subcutaneous tissue and increase risk of symptoms associated with wearing a collar. Oesophageal compression is not a result of collar use. Conclusion: There is no correlation between cervical spine vertebrae angulation and symptoms associated with wearing a neck collar. Generally, older individuals have greater cervical lordosis angles, and more straight and lordotic neck shapes. Older individuals may be more prone to skin-interface pressures from the neck collar than younger individuals.

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Vemavarapu, Mahesh, Jyothinath Kothapalli, and Vijayendranath Kulkarni. "ESTIMATION OF COLLO-DIAPHYSEAL ANGLE OF FEMUR BY MARTIN’S DIOPTROGRAPH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 1772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2015.333.

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Thomas, A. P., and E. K. Alpar. "Outcome of Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus in Children." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 80, no. 6 (June 1987): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688708000607.

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Seventy patients who had sustained supracondylar fractures of the humerus as children were examined. Loss of carrying angle of the elbow occurred if the fracture was immobilized in a varus position during healing. Varus malalignment could have been obviated if comparative radiographs of the other elbow had been taken and the Baumann angles compared. Rotation and posterior displacement at the fracture had little bearing on the outcome. Immobilization of the fracture in a collar and cuff sling was as effective as more elaborate methods.

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Tang, Yunqi, Zhikang Wang, Yifan Zhang, Shuqi Zhang, Shutao Wei, Jiahao Pan, and Yu Liu. "Effect of Football Shoe Collar Type on Ankle Biomechanics and Dynamic Stability during Anterior and Lateral Single-Leg Jump Landings." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 3362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103362.

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In this study, we investigated the effects of football shoes with different collar heights on ankle biomechanics and dynamic postural stability. Fifteen healthy college football players performed anterior and lateral single-leg jump landings when wearing high collar, elastic collar, or low collar football shoes. The kinematics of lower limbs and ground reaction forces were collected by simultaneously using a stereo-photogrammetric system with markers (Vicon) and a force plate (Kistler). During the anterior single-leg jump landing, a high collar shoe resulted in a significantly smaller ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), compared to both elastic (p = 0.031, dz = 0.511) and low collar (p = 0.043, dz = 0.446) types, while also presenting lower total ankle sagittal ROM, compared to the low collar type (p = 0.023, dz = 0.756). Ankle joint stiffness was significantly greater for the high collar, compared to the elastic collar (p = 0.003, dz = 0.629) and low collar (p = 0.030, dz = 1.040). Medial-lateral stability was significantly improved with the high collar, compared to the low collar (p = 0.001, dz = 1.232). During the lateral single-leg jump landing, ankle inversion ROM (p = 0.028, dz = 0.615) and total ankle frontal ROM (p = 0.019, dz = 0.873) were significantly smaller for the high collar, compared to the elastic collar. The high collar also resulted in a significantly smaller total ankle sagittal ROM, compared to the low collar (p = 0.001, dz = 0.634). Therefore, the high collar shoe should be effective in decreasing the amount of ROM and increasing the dynamic stability, leading to high ankle joint stiffness due to differences in design and material characteristics of the collar types.

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Liu, Zhao Miao, Ying Li Xu, and Feng Shen. "Collar Length on the Performance of a Nozzle Using Fluidic Counterflow for Thrust Vectoring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.524.

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Numerical simulation is applied to study internal flow structure and performance of counterflow thrust vectoring nozzle with collar length in zero attack angle and subsonic conditions. The changes of thrust vectoring angle, resultant thrust ratio and secondary mass flow ratios are obtained. Results indicate that the thrust vectoring angle firstly increases and then decreases with increasing suction collar length, the max of which is 5.5o; but resultant thrust ratio decreases, and its range is 0.76-0.78;During the procedure of increasing suction collar length, suction flow shifts from counterflow to coflow, and mass flow ratio decreases.

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Wu, Kexin, Guang Zhang, Tae Ho Kim, and Heuy Dong Kim. "Numerical parametric study on three-dimensional rectangular counter-flow thrust vectoring control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 234, no. 16 (May 22, 2020): 2221–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410020925602.

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Recently, fluidic thrust vectoring control is popular for micro space launcher propulsion systems due to its several advantages, such as fast dynamic responsiveness, better control effectiveness, and no moving mechanical equipment. Counter-flow thrust vectoring control is an especially effective technique by utilizing less suction flow to control the mainstream deflection flexibly. In the current work, theoretical and numerical analyses are performed together to elaborate on the performance of the three-dimensional rectangular counter-flow thrust vectoring control system. A new propulsion nozzle of Mach 2.5 is devised by method of characteristics. To testify the feasibility and accuracy of the present research methodology, numerical results were validated against experimental data from the open literature. The computational result using the standard k-epsilon turbulence model reveals a good match with experimentally measured static pressure values along the centerline of the upper suction collar. The influence of several key parameters on vectoring performance is investigated herein, including the mainstream temperature, collar radius, horizontal collar length, and gap height. Critical parameters have been quantitatively analyzed, such as static pressure distribution along the centerline of the upper suction collar, pitching angle, suction mass flow ratio, and thrust coefficient. Furthermore, the flow-field features are qualitatively expounded based on the static pressure contour, streamline, iso-turbulent kinetic energy contour, and iso-Mach number contour. Some important conclusions are offered for further studies. The mainstream temperature mainly affects different dynamic characteristics of the mixing shear layer, including the convective Mach number of the shear layer, density ratio, and flow velocity ratio. The collar radius influences the pressure gradient near the suction collar surface significantly. The pitching angle increases rapidly with the increasing collar radius. As the horizontal collar length increases, the systematic deflection angle initially increases then decreases. The highest pitching angle is obtained for L/ H = 3.53. With regard to the gap height, a larger gap height can achieve a higher pitching angle.

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Lee. "Monotonic and Hysteresis Behavior of Semirigid CFT Column-to-Beam Connections with a Top-Seat Angle." Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction 26, no. 3 (2014): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.7781/kjoss.2014.26.3.191.

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Tijssen, M., F. M. Serra Braganςa, K. Ask, M. Rhodin, P. H. Andersen, E. Telezhenko, C. Bergsten, M. Nielen, and E. Hernlund. "Kinematic gait characteristics of straight line walk in clinically sound dairy cows." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 21, 2021): e0253479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253479.

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The aim of this study is to describe the kinematic gait characteristics of straight line walk in clinically sound dairy cows using body mounted Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) at multiple anatomical locations. The temporal parameters used are speed and non-speed normalized stance duration, bipedal and tripedal support durations, maximal protraction and retraction angles of the distal limbs and vertical displacement curves of the upper body. Gait analysis was performed by letting 17 dairy cows walk in a straight line at their own chosen pace while equipped with IMU sensors on tubera sacrale, left and right tuber coxae (LTC and RTC), back, withers, head, neck and all four lower limbs. Data intervals with stride by stride regularity were selected based on video data. For temporal parameters, the median was calculated and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated based on linear mixed model (LMM) analysis, while for limb and vertical displacement curves, the median and most typical curves were calculated. The temporal parameters and distal limb angles showed consistent results with low variance and LMM analysis showed non-overlapping CI for all temporal parameters. The distal limb angle curves showed a larger and steeper retraction angle range for the distal front limbs compared with the hind limbs. The vertical displacement curves of the sacrum, withers, LTC and RTC showed a consistent sinusoidal pattern while the head, back and collar curves were less consistent and showed more variation between and within cows. This kinematic description might allow to objectively differentiate between normal and lame gait in the future and determine the best anatomical location for sensor attachment for lameness detection purposes.

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Lai, Jojo Hoi-Ching, Samuel KK Ling, Patrick Cacho, SW Mok, and Patrick SH Yung. "The effects of shoe collar height on ankle sprain mechanics in athletes: A review of literature." Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation 27, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2210491720950325.

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Background: Our aim was to conduct a review to summarize the existing information regarding the effects of shoe collar height in altering ankle sprain mechanics in athletes. Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus was conducted in September 2019. Results: There were 10 studies published from 1993 to 2019 that were included. Most studies showed high-top shoes limited ankle sprain kinematics and increased resistance to inversion moment in static but not dynamic testing. High-top shoes were associated with delayed pre-landing ankle evertor muscle activation and smaller electromyography amplitudes. Conclusions: There is currently weak evidence to support that high-top shoes can limit ankle sprain kinematics in dynamic testing. Further studies with more consistent study interventions and outcome variables are needed to definitively establish the effects of shoe collar height on ankle sprain mechanics in athletes. The Translational Potential of this Article: Multiple studies on the effects of shoe collar height and ankle sprain mechanics have been performed but there is a lack of consistency in terms of study design, intervention, and outcome measures. A formal systematic review and meta-analysis were not applicable due to the heterogeneity of studies, and mixed results from these studies can be confusing to interpret, making further research on this topic difficult as a result of lack of future direction. We summarized the existing literature on this topic to provide a clearer picture and guide future research on this controversial matter.

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31

Afanasyev, Alexander E., Vladimir R. Kargin, and Boris V. Kargin. "Simulation of Extrusion of Tubes with Outer Heavy Ends." Key Engineering Materials 746 (July 2017): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.746.10.

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Computer simulation of expansion of tubes by extrusion was performed. Deflected mode analysis was described. Influence of collar taper angle, radius of rounding in interface of conical and cylindrical sections of mandrel, geometry of blank on deformation behavior of tube during expansion was determined.

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32

Liu, Fenglu, Pengfei Xu, Houjiang Zhang, Cheng Guan, Dan Feng, and Xiping Wang. "Use of Time-of-Flight Ultrasound to Measure Wave Speed in Poplar Seedlings." Forests 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080682.

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In this study, 145 poplar (Populus × euramericana cv.’74/76’) seedlings, a common plantation tree species in China, were selected and their ultrasonic velocities were measured at four timepoints during the first growth year. After that, 60 poplar seedlings were randomly selected and cut down to determine their acoustic velocity, using the acoustic resonance method. The effects of influencing factors such as wood green density, microfibril angle, growth days, and root-collar diameter on acoustic speed in seedlings and the relationship between ultrasonic speed and acoustic resonance speed were investigated and analyzed in this work. The number of specimens used for investigating growth days and root-collar diameter was 145 in both cases, while 60 and two specimens were used for investigating wood density and the microfibril angle, respectively. The results of this study showed that the ultrasonic speed of poplar seedlings significantly and linearly increased with growth days, within 209 growing days. The ultrasonic velocity of poplar seedlings has a high and positive correlation with growth days, and the correlation was 0.99. However, no significant relationship was found between the ultrasonic velocity and root-collar diameter of poplar seedlings. Furthermore, a low and negative relationship was found between wood density and ultrasonic speed (R2 = 0.26). However, ultrasonic velocity significantly decreased with increasing microfibril angle (MFA) in two seedlings, and thus MFA may have an impact on ultrasonic speed in poplar seedlings. In addition, ultrasonic velocity was found to have a strong correlation with acoustic resonance velocity (R2 = 0.81) and a good correlation, R2 = 0.75, was also found between the dynamic moduli of elasticity from ultrasonic and acoustic resonance tests. The results of this study indicate that the ultrasonic technique can possibly be used to measure the ultrasound speed of young seedlings, and thus early screen seedlings for their stiffness properties in the future.

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Liu, Zhan Feng, and Rui Liang Li. "Experimental Research on Superlong Deep-Hole Drilling Processing Technology for Steel of 4145H Drill Collar." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2597.

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Through the analysis for steel of 4145H drill collar, Research into the various factors of cutting, such as the cutting tool material, cutting-tool angle and cutting parameters, combined with the actual structure of the workpiece and the superlong deep-hole processing method for study. In the test, the machining process is analyzed, especially the process of boring and honing. The test result indicates that the trepanning process is stable and reliable to solve the superlong deep hole (Φ71mm×7500mm) of 4145H drill collar steel processing problems of production if the optimizing cutting method is appropriate and the cutting tools and the cutting parameters are rational.

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34

Beg, Mubeen. "SCOUR REDUCTION AROUND NON-CYLINDRICAL BRIDGE PIERS AT HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK USING COLLAR." ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 10, no. 2 (January 2004): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2004.10514760.

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35

Kolmet, Michael, Rodrigo Mariño, and David Plummer. "Anglo-Australian Male Blue-Collar Workers Discuss Gender and Health Issues." International Journal of Men's Health 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jmh.0501.81.

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36

Jung, Matthias K., Paul A. Grützner, Niko R. E. Schneider, Holger Keil, and Michael Kreinest. "Cervical Spine Immobilization in Patients With a Geriatric Facial Structure: The Influence of a Geriatric Mandible Structure on the Immobilization Quality Using a Cervical Collar." Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation 12 (January 1, 2021): 215145932110218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21514593211021824.

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Introduction: Demographic changes have resulted in an increase in injuries among geriatric patients. For these patients, a rigid cervical collar is crucial for immobilizing the cervical spine. However, evidence suggests that patients with a geriatric facial structure require a different means of immobilization than patients with an adult facial structure. This study aimed to analyze the remaining motion of the immobilized cervical spine based on facial structure. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 8 fresh human cadavers. Facial structure was evaluated via ascertaining the mandibular angle by computer tomography. A mandibular angle below 130°, belongs to the adult facial structure group ( n = 4) and a mandibular angle above 130°, belongs to the geriatric facial structure group ( n = 4). The flexion and lateral bending of the immobilized cervical spine were analyzed in both groups using a wireless motion tracker system. Results: A flexion of up to 19.0° was measured in the adult facial structure group. The mean flexion in the adult vs. geriatric facial structure groups were 14.5° vs. 6.5° (ranges: 9.0-19.0 vs. 5.0-7.0°), respectively. Thus, cervical spine motion was ( p = 0.0286) significantly more reduced in the adult facial structure group. No ( p = 0.0571) significant difference was oberserved in the mean lateral bending of the adult facial structure group (14.5°) compared to the geriatric facial structure group (7.5°). Conclusion: Emergency medical service personnel should therefore follow current guidelines and recommendations and perform cervical spine immobilization with a cervical collar, including in patients with a geriatric facial structure.

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37

Shigo, Alex L. "How tree branches are attached to trunks." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 8 (August 1, 1985): 1391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-193.

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The vascular cambium and the growth ring it produces are continuous from trunk to branch, but the cells formed by the cambium in the upper junction of branch and trunk are oriented at approximately right angles to the normal orientation in the trunk and branch. Branch tissues begin to develop before trunk tissues early in the growing season. Maturation of branch tissues proceeds basipetally. The branch xylem is oriented downward at the branch base and encircles it to form a collar. The collar tissues meet on the trunk below the branch. The branch collar is enveloped later in the growing season by a collar of trunk xylem. Xylem in the trunk collar meet above and below the branch. Conduction into and out of the branch follows the pathway of the branch collar. The branch is structurally attached to the trunk by a series of trunk collars that envelop the branch collars every growing season. When the trunk collar was injured or removed by branch pruning, the trunk xylem above and below the cut was rapidly and extensively infected and decay developed. When pruning cuts did not injure or remove the trunk collar, no infections developed in the trunk xylem. Dye movement and the patterns of spread of bacterial and fungal pathogens also suggested that there was no local direct conduction between trunk xylem above a branch and within a branch.

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38

O'Sullivan, Tomás. "Insular and Anglo-Saxon Art and Thought in the Early Medieval Period ed. by Colum Hourihane." Catholic Historical Review 99, no. 3 (2013): 541–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2013.0134.

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39

Zhang, Liancheng, Guibin Zhang, and John Spillian. "Research on a rotational speed control strategy of the mandrel in a rotary steering system." Open Physics 16, no. 1 (November 8, 2018): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2018-0085.

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AbstractRotary steering systems are cutting-edge, intelligent oil drilling and steering equipment developed at the end of the twentieth century. The core function of the bit pointing rotary steering system is to control the eccentric shaft with bit pointing function to track the outer drill collar for reverse rotation [1]. When the relative speed thereof is offset, the mandrel tool face remains stationary, and the directive function of the drill bit is realized [2]. Therefore, it is important to precisely control mandrel rotational speed and make it follow the outer drill collar to conduct face-to-face rotation at all times. A double closed loop control method for realizing rotational speed loop and position loop through controlling mandrel rotational speed is proposed in this paper. Relative rotational speed of drill bit shaft (or mandrel) and drill collar of zero can be realized within the shortest time, thereby realizing rapid and precise rotational speed tracking. Relative positions of mandrel and drill collar at several angles on 360° circumferences, thereby proving the feasibility of the method. The method can provide a technical reference and basis for prototype production of directional rotary steering system [3].

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40

Zhao, Shu-Qing, Jiang Hu, Long-Biao Guo, Qian Qian, and Hong-Wei Xue. "Rice leaf inclination2, a VIN3-like protein, regulates leaf angle through modulating cell division of the collar." Cell Research 20, no. 8 (July 20, 2010): 935–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2010.109.

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41

Brown, Cimin, K. Aoki, S. Franklin, K. Hayashi, and K. A. Agnello. "Risk factors for loosening of cementless threaded femoral implants in canine total hip arthroplasty." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 28, no. 01 (2015): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-14-02-0027.

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SummaryObjective: To determine the incidence and potential risk factors of femoral implant loosening in the canine Helica® total hip replacement (THR) system.Method: Sixteen dogs with a Helica THR were included. Medical records were reviewed for signalment and size of implants. Stem angle, stem collar to lateral cortex distance, tip to cortex distance, stem collar to lateral cortex distance at a stem angle of 150°, lever arm distance, and the distance on the diaphysis measurements were calculated from the one year postoperative radiographs. Three ratios were determined from these measurements to take into account the size of the femur in relation to the size of the implant. Femoral implant loosening was identified by radiographic and clinical signs, and confirmed at the time of surgical explantation. Differences in the successful and fe-moral stem failure groups were compared using either a students t-test or a Mann Whitney test. Significance was set at p <0.003.Results: Six of the 16 dogs had loosening of the femoral prostheses within one year post-implantation. One dog had evidence of a septic cause for loosening. No significant risk factors could be identified in this group of dogs with Helica stem loosening.Clinical significance: Helica femoral stem loosening was a common complication within one year post-implantation in this group of dogs. No risk factors were identified to potentially decrease the incidence of loosening. Therefore, due to this unacceptably high complication rate, the authors do not recommend this model of the Helica THR.

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42

Karamucki, T., J. Gardzielewska, A. Rybarczyk, M. Jakubowska, and W. Natalczyk-Szymkowska. "Usefulness of selected methods of colour change measurement for pork quality assessment." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, No. 3 (May 13, 2011): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/191/2010-cjfs.

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A few selected methods of the meat colour change determination were compared with regard to their usefulness in the assessment of the quality of minced pork. The study was carried out on 128 samples of the muscle longissimus lumborum, taken from 128 carcasses weighing 70–105 kg (equal number of both sexes – 64), obtained from pigs slaughtered in an industrial process line. The relationships were determined between the meat quality traits (concentrations of basic chemical components in the meat, colour, sensory analysis of wateriness and firmness, WHC and pH<sub>u</sub>), and the changes in colour parameters measured in CIELAB and CIELCh scales, total colour change (ΔE*), and the changes determined by Karamucki using the modified Kortz method. It was found that the most useful method for the quality assessment was the Kortz method modified by Karamucki, used to determine the stability of the meat colour (expressed as % colour change) and based on the measurements of absorbance at wavelengths 580 nm and 630 nm, before and after the change of colour. Out of the meat colour parameters, the most useful for assessing the meat quality were the changes in redness (a*) – CIELAB scale, and hue angle hº – CIELCh scale. The changes in colour determined by the aforementioned methods were a better indicator of the pork quality than the total colour change (ΔE*).

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43

Kong, Wei-Dong, Jun-Yu Ke, Xiang-Quan Hu, Wu Zhang, Shu-Shu Li, and Yi Feng. "Applications of cone-beam computed tomography to assess the effects of labial crown morphologies and collum angles on torque for maxillary anterior teeth." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 150, no. 5 (November 2016): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.03.029.

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44

Pai, Sandesh S., Suchareeta Panda, Vinaya Pai, M. Anandu, E. Vishwanath, and A. S. Suhas. "Effects of labial and lingual retraction and intrusion force on maxillary central incisor with varying collum angles: A three-dimensional finite elemental analysis." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 51, no. 1 (March 2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974909820170106.

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45

Pai, Sandesh S., Suchareeta Panda, Vinaya Pai, M. Anandu, E. Vishwanath, and A. S. Suhas. "Effects of labial and lingual retraction and intrusion force on maxillary central incisor with varying collum angles: A three-dimensional finite elemental analysis." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 51, no. 1 (March 2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0301-5742.199252.

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46

Bordin, Dimorvan, Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury, and Fernanda Faot. "Influence of Abutment Collar Height and Implant Length on Stress Distribution in Single Crowns." Brazilian Dental Journal 30, no. 3 (June 2019): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902533.

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Abstract This in silico study evaluated the influence of the abutment collar height and implants length on the biomechanical behavior of morse taper single dental implants with different crown-to-implant ratio. Six virtual models were constructed (S11, M11, L11, S13, M13 and L13) by combining short (S: 2.5 mm), medium (M: 3.5 mm) or long (L: 4.5 mm) abutment collar heights with different implant lengths (11 or 13-mm). An upper central incisor of 11-mm height was constructed on top of each abutment. Each set was positioned in a virtual bone model and exported to analyze mathematically. A 0.60-mm mesh was created after convergence analysis and a 49 N load was applied to the cingulum of the crown at an angle of 45°. Load-generated stress distribution was analyzed in the prosthetic components according to von Mises stress criteria (σvM) and in the cortical and cancellous bone by means of shear stress (εmax). The use of longer collar abutments (L11) increased the stress on the abutment by 250% and resulted in 40% higher stresses on the screw and 92% higher cortical shear stresses compared to short collared abutments (S11). Increasing the implant length produced a slight stress reduction on cortical bone. Cancellous bone was not affected by the crown-to-implant ratio. Longer abutment collars concentrate stresses at the implant level and cortical bone by increasing the crown-to-implant ratio.

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47

Banazadeh, Afshin, and Farzad Banazadeh. "A Computational and Analytical Study into the Use of Counter-Flow Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle for Small Gas Turbine Engines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 629 (October 2014): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.629.97.

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This paper provides an understanding of counter-flow fluidic thrust vectoring, in the presence of the secondary air vacuum, applied to the exhaust nozzle of a micro-jet engine. An analytical and numerical study is performed here on a divergent collar surface adjacent to the cylindrical exhaust duct system. The vectoring angle is controlled by manipulating the momentum flux through a vacuum gap that is located on a circle concentric to the main nozzle. Three dimensional numerical simulations are conducted by utilizing a computational fluid dynamics model with two-equation standard k-ε turbulence model to study the pressure and velocity distribution of internal flow and nozzle geometry. Moreover, an analytical validation is carried out based on the known mathematical form of the governing equations of fluid dynamics over the sinusoidal wall. It is shown that the analytical results are in good agreement with numerical simulations, which also show that the pressure coefficient over the collar surface has the same trend as given by computational simulation. Similarly, the results of the numerical method are also verified against experimental results that were approved by previous research in area of numerical model for co-flow fluidic thrust vectoring technique.

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48

Zhai, Liming, Zhengwei Wang, Yongyao Luo, and Zhongjie Li. "TEHD analysis of a bidirectional thrust bearing in a pumped storage unit." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 3 (April 11, 2016): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2015-0092.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze lubrication characteristics of a bidirectional thrust bearing in a pumped storage, considering the effect of the thermal elastic deformation of the pad and collar. Design/methodology/approach This study used the fluid–solid interaction (FSI) technique to investigate the lubrication characteristics of a bidirectional thrust bearing for several typical operating conditions. The influences of the operating conditions and the thrust load on the lubrication characteristics were analyzed. Then, various pivot eccentricities were investigated to analyze the effects of the pivot position. Findings It is found that the effect of the radial tilt angle of the collar runner on the oil film is compensated for by the radial tilt of the pad. The central pivot support system is the main factor limiting the loads of bidirectional thrust bearings. Originality/value This paper has preliminarily revealed the lubrication mechanism of bidirectional tilting-pad thrust bearings. A three-dimensional FSI method is suggested to evaluate the thermal–elastic–hydrodynamic deformations of thrust bearings instead of the conventional method, which iteratively solves the Reynolds equation, the energy equation, the heat conduction equation and the elastic equilibrium equation.

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Kim, Jung-Taek, Chang-Ho Jung, Quan Hu Shen, Yong-Han Cha, Chan Ho Park, Jun-Il Yoo, Hyung Keun Song, Yongho Jeon, and Ye-Yeon Won. "Mechanical effect of different implant caput-collum-diaphyseal angles on the fracture surface after fixation of an unstable intertrochanteric fracture: A finite element analysis." Asian Journal of Surgery 42, no. 11 (November 2019): 947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2019.01.008.

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Kumar, Bholu, Suresh Kant Verma, and Shantanu Srivastava. "Effect of Collar and Bevel Angle in Mixing Enhancement of Mach 1.76 Jet Exiting from a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle." Applied Engineering Letters : Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2021.6.1.1.

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