Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Colmatage de membranes'
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Martinelli, Laure. "Influence de l'aération sur le colmatage des membranes immergées." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000323/.
Full textThis thesis is about the influence of aeration on submerged hollow fibre membrane fouling in outside/in filtration. In a first part, yeast filtration (0. 5 g. L-1) is studied in a 100 l tank with a membrane area of 0. 32m2. Two types of filtration experiments were performed: critical condition determination with flux step method and filtration experiment under fouling condition. These experiments were performed without and with aeration with small and spherical cap bubbles. Fouling sensitivity to position and small bubble injection flow rate as well as to frequency and volume of spherical cap was analysed. Filtration experiments involve characterization of filtration efficiency with tight and loose fibres. In a second, part local experimental and numerical studies were performed thanks to the image analysis, P. I. V. Measurements and FLUENT numerical simulations (two-fluid model for small bubbles and V. O. F. Model for spherical cap bubbles). Filtration and hydrodynamics analysis results lead to the determination of mechanisms explaining aeration effect on submerged hollow fibre fouling. This study contributes to better understand the revelant global hydrodynamic parameters in order to control fouling
NADEAU, ISABELLE. "Influence de l'ozone en prétraitement sur le colmatage des membranes d'ultrafiltration." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2411.
Full textOgnier, Stéphanie. "Contribution pour le contrôle dynamique du colmatage en bioréacteur à membranes." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20143.
Full textLebegue, Julie. "Aération et dynamique de colmatage en bioréacteur à membranes immergées : identification de grandeurs et phénomènes déterminants." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20097.
Full textMembrane bioréactor, coupling bioreactions and porous membrane separation in a same unit, allows working with high biomass concentrations what improves bioreaction rates but penalizes the separation step. Integrated in a European Program (EUROMBRA), this work had as objective to study the influence of hydrodynamics induced by aeration on the membrane fouling dynamic. According to precedent works of the laboratory and the analyses of references, the objective was axed on the phenomenon analysis at three observation scales: irreversible biomass accumulation throughout the membrane bundle, analysis of the biofilm present on the membrane surface, importance of adsorbed molecules into membrane pores. Specific methodologies were carried out, lab scale pilots and analytical methods, notably for biofilm observations and identification of irreversible compounds fixed onto/into membrane (this part was developed in collaboration with the University of Technology of Sydney). Results show the importance of determining criteria (i) on the biological step such as solid retention time and organic load rate which determine concentrations of biomass and soluble microbial product in biological suspension and influence directly reaction rates but also membrane fouling dynamics and (ii) on the separation step, the role of aeration to control sludging and biofilm importance, wheras adsorption into the pores was not depending on aeration. Future researches can then be focused on identification of SMP in relation with biological conditions and their influence on biofilm structure and properties
Bouhabila, El Hani. "Epuration d'eaux usées par bioréacteur aéré à membranes immergées : intéraction suspension floculée / membrane." Toulouse, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAT0023.
Full textVilleneuve, William. "Effet du colmatage bactérien sur la performance de l'ultrafiltration du lactosérum." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67794.
Full textWhey, the main co-product of cheese manufacturing, can be valorized through protein concentration by ultrafiltration (UF). The main drawback of UF is fouling, mainly by protein and calcium phosphate, which lowers the process performance. It has recently been acknowledged that membranes can also be fouled by bacterial cells and biofilms during whey UF. Numerous authors have demonstrated the presence of biofilms on membranes and investigated many parameters that can modulate the bacterial diversity of these biofilms. However, the impact of biofouling on the performance of whey UF is still unknown. The general objective of this study was therefore to quantify the loss of performance caused by bacterial cell deposition and biofilm formation during whey UF. The first objective demonstrated that bacterial cell deposition could increase the flux drop caused by whey protein fouling during dead-end UF, while it had minor effects on mineral fouling. Partial neutralization of bacterial cells and protein electrostatic charges may have reduced repulsions led to the formation of a more compact cake. The results of the second objective confirmed, during crossflow UF of sweet whey, that biofouling from the intrinsic microflora of the filtration system could lower permeation fluxes after 18 h of filtration. Biofouling also increased membrane hydraulic resistances, allowing the calculation of biofouling-specific resistances (Rbio), which accounted for 31 to 44% of the total fouling layer resistances. These results demonstrate that biofouling can negatively affect the performance of whey processing by UF and highlight the need for solutions to mitigate biofouling.
Thekkedath, Anju. "Etude du colmatage de membranes d'ultrafiltration (UF) par les matières organiques naturelles (MON)." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00527504.
Full textAyala, Bribiesca Erik. "Colmatage des membranes par les minéraux et les protéines en cours d'électrodialyse conventionnelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23022/23022.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this project was to investigate the effect of the composition in calcium, and carbonate of a model whey protein solution to be treated by electrodialysis on the fouling of ion-exchange membranes. The pH of the concentrate was also controlled at different values to study its influence on membrane fouling. Membrane integrity was determined by membrane parameters and completed with fouling characterization by macroscopic and microscopic pictures, ATR-FTIR analyses and electron microscope images coupled to elementary X-ray mapping to identify the deposits. A protein layer was formed when the pH of the concentrate compartment was acidic, while a mineral deposit occurred when pH was basic. From these results, a stack arrangement is proposed to prevent the formation of mineral and protein fouling.
Ayala-Bribiesca, Erik. "Colmatage des membranes par les minéraux et les protéines en cours d'électrodialyse conventionnelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18118.
Full textThe aim of this project was to investigate the effect of the composition in calcium, and carbonate of a model whey protein solution to be treated by electrodialysis on the fouling of ion-exchange membranes. The pH of the concentrate was also controlled at different values to study its influence on membrane fouling. Membrane integrity was determined by membrane parameters and completed with fouling characterization by macroscopic and microscopic pictures, ATR-FTIR analyses and electron microscope images coupled to elementary X-ray mapping to identify the deposits. A protein layer was formed when the pH of the concentrate compartment was acidic, while a mineral deposit occurred when pH was basic. From these results, a stack arrangement is proposed to prevent the formation of mineral and protein fouling.
Neggaz, Benhabiles Yakout. "Caractérisation du colmatage lors de l'ultrafiltration de solutions colloïdales sur membranes organiques et étude de l'amélioration de la qualité de séparation sur dépôt minéral." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1094.
Full textCrozes, Gil. "Contribution à l'étude du colmatage irréversible en ultrafiltration appliquée au traitement d'eau potable." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0017.
Full textLe, Hir Morgane. "Caractérisation du colmatage des membranes d'ultrafiltration de production d'eau potable par des nanoparticules fluorescentes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0647/document.
Full textThe increasing use of nanotechnologies and nanoparticles (NPs) in many sectors of activities leads to their inevitable discharge in the environment and thus in water. The properties and the toxicity of these NP are still unclear, so that this new pollution have to be considered in drinking water treatment plant. Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, which have nanometric pore size, present a great potential for NP retention. The mass transport through the UF membrane of fluorescent NP, with size of 100, 10 and 1.5 nm, has been studied. The influence of operating conditions (transmembrane pressure, volumetric concentration factor) have been treated by experimental design. Consideration of the NP concentration in number in each flux thanks to a Nanosight NS300, allowed to estimate the number of NPs blocked on and/or into the membrane. An accurate and reliable methodology allowed the localization of the fouling by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Application of fouling models to experimental data showed good agreement with microscopic NP location. The influence of the operating conditions, the salinity and/or the polydispersity of the feed suspension on the fouling establishment and fouling profile has been studied
Broussous, Lucile. "Elaboration de nouvelles géométries tubulaires de membranes céramiques : application à la réduction du colmatage." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20008.
Full textSuard, Elodie. "Limitation du colmatage dans les bioréacteurs à membranes à l'échelle industrielle : modélisation et caractérisation de l'hydrodynamique." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24558/1/Suard%20elodie.pdf.
Full textGrélot, Aurélie. "Influence du matériau membranaire et de la configuration du module sur la maîtrise du colmatage en bioréacteur à membranes immergées." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20026.
Full textTo treat wastewater, membrane bioreactors guarantee an advanced effluent quality which can be reused. However, control of membrane fouling, which requires relative high energetic costs, remains a limiting phenomenon to generalise the use of these systems. The scientific issue resides in the identification of the processes inducing a decrease of the membrane permeability in order to optimise the filtration step. This study, performed within the framework of the European project AMEDEUS, deals with this set of problems. It points out the interactions of the membrane material with the mixed liquor and performs an analyse of the control of the biomass accumulation into the filtration module. Three different membrane technologies were successively tested on a lab and pilot scale: the A3 flat sheet membrane, the Polymem hollow fibres and the Inge Fibre Sheet membrane. Fouling and cleaning tests were developed on a lab-scale to study the impact of membrane material on irreversible fouling (not removable by physical ways). In parallel, pilot tests were performed to improve reversible fouling control. A characterisation and analysis of the membranes tested on a pilot-scale were finally carried out to identify the soluble compounds accumulated on the membrane surface. The results show: - Different type of irreversible fouling according to the membrane materials; - The importance of the filtration system design to guarantee a good control of reversible fouling; - A possible optimisation of the hydraulic parameters to guarantee a reliable operation while reducing the membrane aeration rate; - An important impact of the mixed liquor characteristics (foam, soluble fractions and concentration) on fouling behaviour
Massot, Arnaud. "Epuration d'effluents de produits phytosanitaires par Bioréacteur à Membranes de Nanofiltration." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13551.
Full textBelleville, Marie-Pierre. "Etude du colmatage d'une membrane minérale de microfiltration tangentielle par les constituants macromoléculaires du vin." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20104.
Full textVisvanathan, Chettiyappan. "Rôle de la fraction colloidale et influence d'un champ électrique sur les phénomènes de colmatage en microfiltration tangentielle." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT038G.
Full textRouquié, Camille. "Microfiltration de jus de fruits et suspensions à base de fruits : faisabilité et performances d'une filtration par membranes immergées." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG041/document.
Full textMicrofiltration is widely used to ensure clarification, stabilization, and concentration of various fruit-based suspensions (e.g. fruit juices, food by-products, wine). However, the performances of membrane filtration remain highly challenged by membrane fouling. During microfiltration of polydisperse suspensions, such as fruit-based suspensions, membrane fouling is generally associated to the deposition of particles on the membrane layer. This type of fouling is mainly governed by the equilibrium between convective forces (permeate flow), leading particles to flow towards the membrane, and back-transport forces, removing particles away from the membrane surface. The filtration performances depend strongly on this equilibrium, which is mostly governed by the hydrodynamic conditions of the filtration process and the particles size distribution of the suspension. In food industries, cross-flow microfiltration is generally used to limit membrane fouling. In this configuration, high cross-flow velocities are applied in order to enhance the back-transport forces limiting the deposition of foulant materials on the membrane surface. However, this working mode is well known to be highly energy consuming and might not always be relevant depending on the suspension characteristics. In the light of this, using immersed membranes configuration for the microfiltration of fruit-based suspensions might be an interesting alternative, especially for small producers with limiting investment capacity. In this configuration, widely used in other fields, the membranes are immersed in the suspension and filtration is performed in operating conditions close to that of dead-end filtration with limited back-transport forces and low operating costs. However, the performances of this filtration configuration remain little studied for the microfiltration of fruit-based suspensions. In this respect, this work investigated for the first time the possibility of using immersed membranes configuration for the microfiltration of various fruit-based suspensions (fruit juices and winery byproducts). Firstly, a characterization of the fouling potential of various suspensions during their microfiltration using immersed membranes filtration was performed in relation with their physicochemical properties (particle size distribution). Then, this work allowed highlighting the promising performances of immersed membranes configuration when used for the microfiltration of fruit-based suspensions, in terms of productivity and in terms of selectivity (clarification, concentration of bioactive compounds). Finally, it allowed drawing preliminary results about the relation between the physicochemical characteristics of a suspension and its fouling behavior while using (i) immersed membranes filtration or (ii) conventional cross-flow filtration. These results might be of great interest for the identification of relevant physicochemical parameters to predict the usefulness of using high cross-flow velocity to prevent membrane fouling during the microfiltration of fruit-based suspensions
Stricot, Marlène. "Bioréacteurs à membranes à configuration externe : influence de la configuration du procédé sur la structuration des matrices biologiques et le colmatage des membranes." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000222/.
Full textThis study describes and analyses the impact of two side-stream membrane bioreactors on (1) the structure and the morphology of the biological aggregates, (2) fouling mechanisms and (3) global performances of the two processes. Two side-stream membrane bioreactors which generate very different shear stresses were compared. The first one was operated in an inside/out crossflow filtration mode with a high liquid velocity (5 m. S-1). The second reactor was working in an outside/in hollow fibre filtration mode with a low liquid velocity (< 0,1 m. S-1). Firstly, the effect of the configuration, in terms of filtration mode and hydrodynamics, on the sludge properties has been characterised for the two reactors. The investigation of the structuration mechanisms and supernatant quality reveals clear differences as well on bioflocs morphology/structure as on supernatant composition (COD, proteins, polysaccharides). The role of soluble /colloidal organics and more specifically of proteins and polysaccharides on (a) fouling ability of the sludge and (b) in situ short term fouling was underlined. The effect of toxic compounds on biological activity and membrane fouling was specifically characterised. At least, global performances of the two bioreactors in long term operation time were studied. The water treatment efficiency, in terms of organics and toxics removal, as well as sludge production of the two processes, was compared
Massé, Anthony. "Bioréacteur à membranes immergées pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines : spécificités physico-chimiques du milieu biologique et colmatage." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0036.
Full textThis study describes and analyses the interactions which exist between the biological medium specificities coming from a submerged Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and fouling. The MBR was compared with an activated sludge process, both fed with the same urban wastewater. The purification efficiencies of both processes were compared for the same operating conditions and at different sludge ages. The influence of membrane and sludge age on supernatant (soluble polymer, COD) and floc characteristics (diameter, fractal dimension, bound exopolymer, sludge volume index, turbidity) was analysed. Sludge production for both systems were calculated and confronted with models. Moreover, we mentioned the main mechanisms implied in long and short term fouling. Finally, the specific role of soluble/colloidal proteins and polysaccharides on deposit structuring was underlined
Gaucher, Cécile. "Etude locale de l'hydrodynamique dans un module équipé d'une membrane plane d'ultrafiltration en céramique : influence de la contrainte pariétale sur le colmatage." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2073.
Full textThis work focuses on the determination of local wall shear stress at the surface of a plane ceramic membrane in a tangential ultrafiltration module. In a first time, the shear stresses are determined at the surface of a plate of Plexiglas with the aim to investigate the best configuration of a plane tangential ultrafiltration module. The channel height and the shape of the distributors are studied so as to increased wall shear stress and thus to reduce the deposit of particles without increase the energy consumption. This analysis coupled with the Particle Image Velocity method (P. I. V. ) has allowed to characterise the flow to the surface of the plate of Plexiglas
Grenier, Alexia. "Méthodes pour l'identification et la caractérisation de mécanismes de colmatage en filtration frontale." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30057.
Full textThe goal of this study is to identify and to characterise the successive prevailing mechanisms which occur during a filtration step. We developed a phenomenological approach based on experimental data (filtrate volume V versus time t). The filter media is considered as a particle collector and the particle capture notion is extended to the pore blocking and cake filtration mechanisms. The methodology has been initially tested on a model system (bentonite suspension/ membranes). By studying the effect of parameters such as suspension concentration and pressure, it has been shown that the parameter characterising the cake does not depend on the filter media structure. We also quantified the influence of the wall shear stress tw at the pore entrance and the strong dependence of the ratio of diameters of the particle and the pore, on the particle capture. Lastly, the scaling up to a more complex system (precipitated silica suspension/ woven media) at a pilot scale has been achieved
MARSIGNY, OLIVIER. "Nature et mecanisme du colmatage des membranes d'ultrafiltration en production d'eau potable, application aux techniques de regeneration." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077209.
Full textMouihi, Mourad. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale et à la modélisation du colmatage des membranes en ultrafiltration tangentielle d'une émulsion huile-eau." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0236.
Full textTardieu, Eric. "Caractérisation du colmatage dans un bioréacteur à membrane recirculé, appliqué au traitement d'eau résiduaire urbaine." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20146.
Full textTeychené, Benoît. "Rôle des nanoparticules organiques dans le colmatage membranaire : application au traitement d'eaux usées urbaines par biopéacteur à membranes." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000256/.
Full textDirect treatment of activated sludge in membrane bioreactor frequently results in low net fluxes and frequent maintenance operations. The water separation by membrane is largely determined by the quality of the activated sludge (AS) and by the mechanisms involved in fouling. Many research studies have focused on the understanding of fouling mechanisms and on the development of processes to reduce fouling in order to achieve a stable operation. This thesis investigates the role of fine “inert” particles (melamine and latex) on structuration of a fouling layer formed during membrane filtration of waters rich in natural organic matters (waste waters). Two cases were investigated: (i) the fine particles were mixed with AS supernatant and then filtered on a virgin microfiltration membrane. And secondly (ii) filtration was performed on a dynamic filter previously made of the fine particles. In order to characterise fouling layer properties during filtration a new experimental method was developed by measuring the electrical potential across the membrane as an in situ measurement. Results emphasized the important role in reversible fouling of macromolecular proteins present in the biopolymer of the water phase of the sludge. It was found that fouling layer induced by these macromolecules is highly compressible. Moreover results show that the addition of particles into biofluid diminishes the fouling layer compressibility and improve its removal by backwash. It was found that OM fouling resistance increase when latex particles are present whereas the resistances are lower when melamine is added. Thus even small interactions (small compared to classical adsorbent particles such as activated carbon) between particles and OM can improve the filterability of the biofluids. Results show that melamine particles are more prone to interact with organic matter than latex, and lead to less flux decline. However dynamic filter made of melamine leads to more flux decline and compressible organic matter layer but is easily removable. Add to this the measurement of electrical potential during fouling layer formation show, in simple case (filtration of fine particles alone), the possibility to characterise fouling layer properties in terms of surface charge and thickness
Andreeva, Marina. "Etude du colmatage des membranes échangeuses d'ions lors de l'électrodialyse de solutions de sels de Ca2+ et Mg2+ : influence des propriétés de surface." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1018/document.
Full textScaling on the surface and in the bulk of ion-exchange membranes is a considerable locker for electrodialysis. The scale reduces the effective surface area of the membrane and leads to additional resistance to the mass transfer and solution flow.Three cation-exchange membranes are used in this study: a heterogeneous commercial MK-40 membrane and two of its modifications. The MK-40/Nafion membrane is obtained by mechanical coating the MK-40 membrane surface with a homogeneous ion-conductive Nafion® film. Modification of the MK-40/PANI membrane is carried out by polyaniline synthesis on the membrane surface. The solutions used in the study are 0.02 and 0.04 mol/L CaCl2 and MgCl2 solutions, as well as the solution, imitating the mineral composition of milk, concentrated 3 times. The visualization of the membrane surface is made using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The elemental analysis of the scale on the membrane surface is made by X-ray analysis. The hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of the membrane surface is estimated by the contact angle measurements. To characterize the cation transport through and the water splitting rate, chronopotentiometry and voltammetry methods are used, pH measurement of the diluate solution is conducted at the same time.It is shown that the relatively high hydrophobicity of the membrane surface, its electrical and geometric heterogeneity, create conditions for the development of electroconvection. The electroconvection intensity in the case of MK-40/Nafion is significantly higher, and in the case of MK-40/PANI is lower in comparison with that of the unmodified membrane. Electroconvection vortexes cause the mixing of the solution at the membrane surface in a 10 µm thick layer. This effect significantly increases mass transfer in intensive current modes and prevents or reduces the scaling process, as well as reduces the water splitting rate at the membrane surface. The rate of electroconvection essentially depends on the counterion hydration degree, it increases with increasing the counterion Stokes radius. The rate of the scale formation on the membrane surface is determined by the slope of the chronopotentiogramme. The formation of Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 scales is observed. It is experimentally established that the scaling rate on the surface of MK-40/Nafion is smaller, and on the surface of the MK-40/PANI is larger in comparison with the MK-40 membrane. The scaling rate is significantly reduced when the pulsed electric current mode is applied. Such mode allows the reduction of the potential drop more than twice and achievement of a quasi steady-state because an unstable periodically crumbling scale occurs
Bdiri, Myriam. "Etude du décolmatage, par procédés chimiques et biologiques, des membranes échangeuses d'ions utilisées en électrodialyse dans le domaine agroalimentaire." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1070.
Full textConventional electrodialysis (ED) is mainly based on the specific action of ion exchange membranes (IEMs) and is widely used in food industry for tartaric stabilization of wines, deacidification and treatment of fruit juices, demineralization of whey or elimination and fractionation of milk proteins. The organic fouling, accentuated by the complex composition of the food effluents and their richness in phenolic compounds, represents a major limitative factor of the process efficiency and the IEMs performance. This phenomenon causes a decrease in the selectivity of membranes, an increase in their electrical resistance and reduces the energy efficiency of the process leading to economic losses in industry. This study mainly consists in studying the IEMs cleaning by chemical and biological methods. Two batches of new membranes (cation- (CEMs) and anion-exchange membranes (AEMs)) and five batches of used ones (3 CEMs and 2 AEM) with different durations of use in ED units in food industry -confidential application- have been studied. All the samples have been previously characterized to determine their physicochemical parameters (ion-exchange capacity (IEC), thickness (Tm), electrical conductivity (km), contact angle (θ), water content (WC) and the volume fraction of the inter-gel solution (f2) resulting from the study of the micro heterogeneous model), structure and morphology by FTIR spectroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical by tensile strength tests. The direct and indirect effects (caused by the regular cleaning operations in industry) of fouling as well as the anisotropy of the membranes mechanical properties have been highlighted. Non-aggressive and environmentally friendly cleaning methods have been experimentally tested in ex-situ static mode: Saline solutions (35 g.L-1 NaCl and reconstituted seawater), hydro-alcoholic solution (12% water-ethanol mixture, pH = 3,5) and biological solutions using 3 categories of enzymatic agents (Rohalase BX-BXL, β-glucanase / Corolase 7089, endo-peptidase / Tyrosinase, polyphenol oxidase) whose operating conditions of optimal enzymatic activity have been determined. The evolution of IEC, km, θ and f2 were followed in function of the cleaning duration. Saline solutions have a negligible effect on intern cleaning but remain efficient for extern cleaning. However, the application of the hydro-alcoholic solution and enzyme solutions have been found to be efficient for both intern and extern cleaning and led to significant recoveries of the studied parameters. It has been shown that phenolic compounds, the principal constituents of treated effluents, are mainly responsible for MEIs fouling. Apparently, they form dense colloidal nanoparticles not permeable for ions within membrane meso- and macropores, not penetrating into micropores. A modification of the micro heterogeneous model under this assumption allowed an adequate interpretation of km and the modelization of structural modifications of the inter-gel phase generated by the fouling mechanisms by polyphenols and explained the reasons why the f2app decreases. An extraction method using a mixture of solvents (25% V/V, acetone/methanol/ isopropanol/water) was developed and made it possible to extract certain phenolic compounds from different batches of used CEMs and AEMs that were identified by high performance liquid chromatography. It has also been demonstrated that the interactions between the phenolic compounds and the polymer matrix are mainly governed by the stacking of aromatic rings and electrostatic interactions of the CH-pi and pi-pi type as well as the hydrogen bonds
Baudin, Isabelle. "Interactions polymeres hydrosolubles/particules : role dans le phenomene de colmatage de membranes d'ultrafiltration utilisees pour la production d'eau potable." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066019.
Full textLIBERGE, RENAUD. "Etude du colmatage et modelisation du transfert de matiere lors de la microfiltration tangentielle de levures sur membranes minerales." Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENMP0418.
Full textBenavente, Lucia. "Low fouling membranes for water and bio tech applications." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30213/document.
Full textWater scarcity has become one of the key issues to solve, and efficient water treatment is paramount to treat water sources. In recent decades membrane technology has become one of the promising solutions for water treatment. Nevertheless, membranes are prone to fouling phenomena - the deposition, adsorption, and absorption of particles in the membrane structure -, which hinders their life-span and productivity, and raise operative costs. One approach to minimize this issue is to modify the already mechanically and chemically stable hydrophobic membranes with amphiphilic materials. The main aim of this work is to characterise the anti-fouling properties of PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) membranes modified with different types of PS-PEGMA (Polystyrene - Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) copolymers, firstly by using classical techniques, and then, by developing and/or adapting new ones: microfluidic devices coupled with fluorescence microscopy, and the use of Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR mapping). FTIR mapping allowed the local detection of the coating layer and showed its heterogeneous distribution on the surface of the membrane. These maps, that represent the importance of the coating on the membrane, were correlated with the deposit of proteins on the surface. Microfluidic systems were also developed to characterise the adsorption of fluorescent proteins on the membrane under a fluorescent microscope in the presence of a flow. This study allowed the in-situ and dynamic follow-up of the adsorption - during filtration cycles - and of the desorption - during rinsing cycles - of the proteins on the membrane. These local measurements were compared against permeability measurements during the filtration/rinsing cycles evidencing the anti-fouling role of the copolymers used for the modification of the membranes, particularly for the triblock and random copolymers
Defrance, Laure. "Bioréacteur à membrane pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires : étude du colmatage de membranes minérales et amélioration du flux de perméat par application de techniques hydrodynamiques." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1055.
Full textCasademont, Christophe. "Approche des phénomènes de colmatage en électrodialyse dans l'industrie laitière : étude à l'aide de solutions modèles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25384/25384.pdf.
Full textCAMEIRA-DOS-SANTOS, PAULO. "Colmatage en microfiltration tangentielle : mise en evidence d'interactions entre les polysaccharides et les polyphenols du vin et des membranes polymeriques." Montpellier, ENSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENSA0016.
Full textPollet, Samuel. "Caractérisation du colmatage et de l'hydrodynamique dans les bioréacteurs à membranes : influence de la configuration du module et de l'aération." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000258/.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis are to characterise fouling and hydrodynamic linked with module configuration and aeration in membrane bioreactors with recirculation for wastewater treatment. Five external modules with free hollow fibres have been compared with identical superficial gas velocities, between 0 and 0,154 m. S 1, liquid velocities (0 0,038 m. S 1) and permeate fluxes from 10 to 50 L. H 1. M 2. Residence time distribution (RTD) analyses, gas hold up measurements and video records have been coupled with fouling characterisation to link it with hydrodynamic. According to RTD analyses, the modules are divided in two mixing zones: a plug flow reactor at the bundle bottom and a perfect mixing cell at the top. When the air flowrate is increased, gas liquid flow changes, from an homogeneous regime with small bubbles to an heterogeneous regime with bubble coalescence. Concerning the module configuration, the highest the fibre packing density, the highest the transition gas velocity. During filtration of bentonite suspensions, an increase of superficial gas velocity coupled with a decrease of packing density enhances filtration performances by reducing particular fouling. Concerning the filtration of activated sludge supernatant, the role of macromolecular protein like substances in fouling is underlined. The filtration of activated sludge with relaxation periods every 7,5 min and a continuous aeration (0,026 Nm3. H 1. M 2) is a promising filtration method to limit high transmembrane pressures and fouling velocities in order to enhance membrane bioreactors performances
Persico, Mathieu. "Réduction du colmatage peptidique des membranes échangeuses d'ions en électrodialyse : identification des mécanismes sous-jacents et optimisation par conditions électroconvectives." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27357.
Full textIn the dairy industry, the economical growth led to the necessity of creating high added-value products from low commercial value by-products. For example, whey proteins hydrolysates (WPH) are an important source of peptides potentially bioactive. However, bioactive peptides need to be isolated and purified in order to enhance their bioactivities. The WPH demineralization by conventional electrodialysis (ED) may lead to peptide fouling on anion (AEM) and cation-exchange membranes (CEM) and decrease the process efficiency. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to identify, characterize and quantify the peptide sequences responsible for membrane fouling, (2) to better understand the mechanisms involved in peptide fouling and (3) to evaluate the impact of non-conventional ED modes on fouling. In a first phase, peptide fouling was generated and characterized in static conditions and without applying current. In a second phase, fouling was carried-out in real hydrodynamic conditions using ohmic, limiting and overlimiting currents in order to optimize the demineralization process. Results showed that in static conditions for AEMs, fouling was important at pH 6 and 10 and absent at pH 2. Based on HPLC-MS results, the VLVLDTDYK, TPEVDDEALEK and IDALNENK sequences (negatively charged at pH 6 and 10) represented 86% of the total fouling at these pH values whereas no peptide was detected at pH 2. Consequently, electrostatic interactions were established between the negative peptide charges (COO-) and positive AEM charges (N+(CH3)3). Concerning the CEMs, fouling was more important at pH 6 than 2 and 10. At pH 6, ALPMHIR and TKIPAVFK sequences firstly established electrostatic interactions with the negative CEM charges (SO3-) through their positive residues (NH3+) creating a first layer. Secondly, peptide/peptide interactions occurred through their respective hydrophobic residues creating a second layer. Nonetheless at pH 2, fouling was twice lower whereas peptides carried more positive charges. It is possible that for acidic pH values, CEM charges were partially protonated (HSO3) and consequently neutralized and unable to establish electrostatic interactions. Finally during a demineralization step in hydrodynamic conditions, fouling of AEM and CEM was reduced using overlimiting current by 62 and 36 %, respectively. According to these results, working at acidic pH values or using overlimiting conditions would hamper nay avoid fouling on membranes which would increase their lifetime and effectiveness. Different fouling mechanism models depending on the nature of IEM and the physicochemical characteristics of peptides are suggested in this thesis. In the future, the use of synthetic and well-characterized peptide sequences would enable to improve the knowledge of these mechanisms.
Vétier, Claudine. "Étude du colmatage d'une membrane minérale de microfiltration par microscopie électronique à balayage et analyses physico-chimiques : application au lait." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20180.
Full textSpiazzi, Edgardo Américo. "Conception et mise au point d'un générateur de régimes instationnaires d'écoulement : application au problème du colmatage des membranes d'ultrafiltration et de microfiltration." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10074.
Full textBessière, Yolaine. "Filtration frontale sur membrane : mise en évidence du volume filtre critique pour l'anticipation et le contrôle du colmatage." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30142.
Full textRouzies, Patricia. "Membranes enduites de polymères hydrophiles : préparation et caractérisation." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0020.
Full textJANEX, MARIE-LAURE. "Role des polymeres hydrosolubles dans l'adhesion de micro-particules minerales a une surface plane : consequences sur le colmatage de membranes d'ultrafiltration." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066599.
Full textHabarou, Hélène. "Suivi et caractérisation du colmatage par les matières organiques des membranes de microfiltration et d'ultrafiltration : application à la production d'eau potable." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2290.
Full textThis project relates to NOM fouling of low pressure membranes. The first objective was to test the capacity of small pilot units to evaluate the fouling properties of natural and treated waters. Pilot testing was conducted on site (drinking water treatment plants). Flux decline recorded during several campaigns with different water qualities confirmed the efficacy of our pilot units to identify fouling problems based on a short time experiment. The second objective was to characterize the organic foulants using a large set of analytical tools. Our results showed the need to use both membrane surface autopsy and water quality characterization to identify membrane foulants. NOM foulant was found to be a mixture of proteins, polysaccharides, polyhydroxyaromatics and aminosugars. Residus of microorganisms (membrane cell walls, exopolymers) seem to play a major role in membrane fouling, phenomenon enhance in the humic type NOM
Tamime, Rahma. "Caractérisations optiques et microscopiques de la structure de membranes organiques d'ultrafiltration : application à la production d'eau potable." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30016.
Full textFor the better understanding of the effects of the use of coagulants on the performance of ultrafiltration organic membranes applied in the production of drinking water, a complete structural characterization (surface and bulk) from microscopic scale to macroscopic scale of the membranes (new, after filtration of coagulant and after chemical cleaning) is used. First, the structural properties of new flat-sheet PES membranes were determined as a function of MWCO. The characteristics of surface (pore size and recovery rate) determined by SEM and the features of bulk determined by speckle ellipsometry showed an increasing trend with MWCO. The use of WLI and AFM with different observation scales showed that the determination of the roughness of a membrane significantly depends on the observation scale. The AFM was able to differentiate membranes according to their MWCO as well as to the methods of manufacturing. Second, the impact of the nature of aluminum polychlorosulfate coagulants (PAX-XL 7A and Aqualenc F1) on the structural properties of PES 100 kDa membrane is addressed. The use of Hermia model and the analysis of multi-scale surface roughness showed that the filtration of suspensions of coagulants PAX-XL 7A or Aqualenc F1 produces a deposit on the surface through adsorption and/or precipitation of hydrolysis products of coagulant, causing a significant change in the surface morphology of the membrane. This structural modification is also revealed by the measurements of speckle of the light scattering. SEM and AFM analysis revealed a change in the state of surface of the membrane after cleaning of fouled membranes. An extension of the structural characterization techniques, in particular the AFM to the study of hollow fibers and their aging has shown a very interesting way of analysis
Delimi, Rachid. "Colmatage d'une membrane échangeuse d'anions par des ions organiques aromatiques. Etude des propriétés à l'équilibre et sous courant électrique." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20083.
Full textMichaud, Maïté. "Contacteur membranaire innovant pour la cristallisation : application aux systèmes de type diffusion / réaction." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1322.
Full textMembrane processes are considered as one of the most promising breakthrough technology for crystallization/precipitation operations. Porous materials have been extensively investigated but they have shown some serious limitations due to pore blocking and wetting phenomenon. The use of a dense membrane is expected to circumvent the pore blocking issue while keeping the advantages of membrane processes. In a first part, the model compound, BaCO3, is precipitated within a gas-liquid or liquid-liquid membrane contactor working under static conditions for both systems. In this configuration, hydrodynamic influences are avoided. The membrane-crystals interactions are studied using several dense membrane polymers. Permeability of both reactant species and surface tension are the key parameters to be considered. Indeed, these parameters greatly affect the deposit location of the crystals and their adherence on the membrane surface. Fouling within the membrane and on the surface are prevented with PDMS and Teflon AF 2400 which are thereby the two most promising materials for the given application. In a second part, the same model compound is precipitated in gas-liquid system under dynamic conditions. Self-supporting (PDMS) and composite hollow fibers (PP-Teflon AF 2400) are studied. Investigations on the operating condition influences show similar results to those obtained with membrane contactor used for CO2 capture: resistance to mass transfer is mainly located in the liquid phase. Proof of concept is supported by the stable performances obtained with the PP-Teflon AF 2400 module of 10 % packing ratio. The module geometry, and more specifically its packing ratio, is an important criterion to take into account to avoid module blocking. Finally, 2D computational fluid dynamics simulations, using the finite element method are performed. One single kinetic parameter is used to fit the experimental data. The simulated concentration profiles are not satisfactory. Nonetheless, predictability of the model seems to be promising: crystal productivities are rather well estimated
Kecili, Karima. "Etude et caractérisation de membranes synthétiques organiques immergées de microfiltration (MF) et d'ultrafiltration (UF) employées pour la production d'eau destinée à la consommation humaine : intensification des opérations de déconditionnement et de nettoyage." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066371.
Full textGünther, Jan. "Caractérisation et optimisation des phénomènes de transfert dans un double bioréacteur à membranes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT047G/document.
Full textThis work presents a specific bioreactor previously designed to study microbial interactions. In this process, the microbial species in two tanks are physically separated by a microfiltration membrane. In order to give to the microorganisms a molecular environment in each compartment similar to the one that would be obtained if the microbial cells were cultivated in the same reactor, two criteria have to be considered: (i) the flow rates between compartments have to be sufficient with respect to the microbial kinetics and (ii) all the molecular compounds of the medium that have an effect on the microorganism behaviour must pass through the membrane. The main constrain is due to transfer of component limited by the fluid flow in and around the fiber of the filtration module. This thesis has therefore committed to deepening the understanding of the mechanisms limiting the transfer involved during the filtration of biological fluid complex according to operating conditions and geometric characteristics of the hollow fiber module of filtration. For this purpose, based on the choice of membrane module configuration proposed in this study, and to strive for a rational optimization of the use of this device, the study relied on the use of CFD tools, supplemented by an experimental approach conducted under models conditions. The numerical simulations of fluid flow have shown a modification of the axial filtration velocity profile with packing density. Similarly, a numerical model of cake deposit was developed and show difference of cake growth along the fiber with packing density. Two experimental hollow fiber modules with two packing densities were tested with clean water and biological fluid, and showed good agreement with the numerical data. These results underline the variations of filtration velocity along the fiber that will allow some predictions on fouling deposit to be done
Hamon, Pierre. "Traitement des effluents d’un service d’oncologie par bioréacteur à membranes : faisabilité d’acclimatation et gain apporté sur l’élimination de molécules médicamenteuses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4328/document.
Full textThe risks concerning the presence of pharmaceutical residues into the environment are still unknown. However, the first confirmed cases and the recent introduction of three drugs (2013) on a surveillance list of EU already require the development of processes able to remove this specific pollution. It is against that background that oncological ward wastewater treatment by a membrane bioreactor was investigated in this thesis. These effluents are characterized by a very variable charge and high pharmaceutical concentrations, sometimes above 1 mg.L-1. These conditions did not favor the continuous development of the biomass. However, it could be demonstrated that the toxicity of these effluents is not related to the applied charge since a food to microorganisms ratio above 0.20 kgCOD.kgMLVSS-1.d-1 allows biomass growth. Membrane fouling played a major role in the significant retention of the investigated drugs. In comparison to unacclimated activated sludge from WWTP pharmaceutical removal was systematically enhanced by the acclimated biomass with the development of biotransformation possibilities
Pype, Marie-Laure. "Monitoring reverse osmosis membrane integrity and virus rejection in water reuse." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20234/document.
Full textOne of the major applications of reverse osmosis (RO) process is the production of high quality recycled water by providing a barrier to remove organic and inorganic contaminants as well as pathogens including viruses. In order to protect public health, validation and monitoring of the RO process integrity are necessary to ensure its correct operation. During operation a certain degree of fouling is inevitable and can reduce RO membrane performance. Thus, chemicals are often used in water treatment plants to prevent or remove the membrane fouling. However, these chemicals can modify the integrity of the polyamide layer on RO membrane overtime. Up-to-date, the impact of membrane's physical change on its virus removal efficiency cause by the chemical use during operation is still not well understood.A minimum virus removal efficiency of intact and impaired (e.g. by fouling) RO membranes can be ascertained by measuring the rejection of MS2 phage and virus surrogates such as salt as measured by conductivity, rhodamine-WT (R-WT) or sulphate. However, conductivity measurement is the only full-scale standard monitoring technique. The removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which has been used as an indicator of water quality, can possibly be used for this purpose.The first objective of this work was to assess the suitability of DOM as a virus surrogate and to determine the impact of process failure on salt and DOM rejection in full-scale plants. A change of the conductivity does not necessarily mean that the membrane integrity has been breached. Thus, DOM monitoring has been tested and combined with the conductivity monitoring in order to distinguish between leaks and changes in membrane performances. It was concluded that DOM could be used as new monitoring technique. Moreover, a variation of DOM rejection can help identifying leaks better than just conductivity profiling alone.The second objective was to determine the effect of membrane impairments on the rejection of one model virus (MS2 phage) and four virus surrogates (R-WT, DOM, sulphate and salt) using lab-scale RO set-ups. To this aim, two different cross-flow set-ups were used: a flat-sheet and a single 2.5” spiral-wound module.Firstly, the effects of organic fouling and scaling on the rejection of model virus and virus surrogates were studied separately. Organic fouling was created using a mix of organic foulants. The result of this study showed an increase of the rejection by more than 0.1 log for R-WT, salt and DOM. The general increase of the surrogates' rejection might be due to the blocking of cavities of the polyamide membrane and/or to the sorption of surrogates to the fouling layer, which was observed by different autopsy techniques.Scaling was created using a mix of inorganic salts in order to reconstitute the composition of a RO feed water and avoiding the presence of organic foulants. Scaling was found to have no impact on the rejection of all tested virus surrogates except for salt. Salt rejection showed a change of behaviour between different set-ups: with the 2.5” module set-up the inorganic layer led to a stabilisation of the salt rejection, whereas the salt rejection increased with the flat-sheet set-up. This could be explained by the variations of the systems configuration (i.e. spiral module versus flat-sheet, feed spacer height, etc.).Secondly, the long-term impact of membrane ageing by exposure to chlorine, either active under filtration or passive by soaking, on the rejection of the model virus and four surrogates was studied. After a contact time of 9000 ppm∙h NaOCl at pH 7, the membrane surface chemistry changed. The introduction of chlorine in the membrane chemistry and the breakage of amide bonds caused an increase of the water permeability and a decrease of the model virus and virus surrogates rejection