Journal articles: 'Colombian Architecture'

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Cruz Fajardo, Yulli Marley. "Reconsideration of the historical events of 1985 Palace of Justice siege in Colombia." Культура и искусство, no. 1 (January 2022): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2022.1.36775.

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The subject of this research is the theme of violence in Colombian art as a reflection of political and social conflicts in the country. Political, economic and social problems in the history of Colombia of the XX century are closely intertwined, resulting in a complicated situation of coups d’état and terror, which affects different types of art in the country and representatives of the cultural elite. The conflict that stretches since the early XX century is reflected in the Colombian architecture and painting. It is depicted as rather conservatism and alienation from the constituency in architecture, and from the critical perspective in painting. The projects of the Palace of Justice are taken as an example of the changes in architecture. Trends in the visual arts are revealed in the works of Beatriz Gonzalez and Doris Salcedo. One of the central events in the political and social history of Colombia of the XX century – 1985 Palace of Justice siege – has found a special place in their art. The novelty of this research lies in using the comparative method of analysis. This is the first Russian-language research to draw the parallel between the architectural changes in the projects of the Palace of Justice in Bogota and the impact of the events of November 6 and 7, 1985 upon Colombian painting based on the works of the two remarkable Colombian artists. It is established that different types of art show different response to the political and social disturbances that take place in the country. This is substantiated by differentiation of the political-social order in various types of art.

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De Filippi, F., R. Pennacchio, L. Restuccia, and S. Torres. "TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE AND CONTEXT-BASED APPROACH TO ANTI-SEISMIC RETROFITTING TECHNIQUES FOR VERNACULAR ADOBE BUILDINGS IN COLOMBIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 1089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-1089-2020.

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Abstract. In Colombia earthen buildings, mostly adobe, makes up 80% of the national monumental heritage and historic urban centres. Moreover, vernacular earthen techniques have been largely used for dwellings in rural villages, small towns or informal settlements and represent, nowadays, a huge architectural and cultural heritage of the country. Due the brittle behaviour and low ductility of the building material, characterized by both low tensile and bending strength, earth constructions show high seismic vulnerability; nevertheless, though Colombian earthquake hazard level is considered very high, current national seismic building regulations do not include any reference to earthen architecture. Seismic failure mechanisms most frequently occurring to masonry architecture, as adobe buildings rehabilitation techniques and seismic behaviour improvement practices, have been widely published. This paper aims to investigate possible causes associated to failure mechanisms due to common adobe building practices in Colombia and intervention strategies, to be eventually implemented in order to reduce risks. The paper focuses on strategies and technologies for seismic retrofitting, while evaluating their effectiveness and feasibility through ‘sustainability’ indicators, based on literature quantitative and qualitative data, and strictly related to rural Colombian economic, social and environmental conditions, where available resources are scarce and labour often not qualified.

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Martínez Osorio, Pedro Arturo. "In memoriam: Giancarlo Macchi, un arquitecto italiano en el Caribe colombiano (1940-2010)." Procesos Urbanos 1 (January 1, 2014): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21892/2422085x.15.

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Resumen: Este artículo presenta resultados de la investigación realizada sobre uno de los arquitectos más representativos de la ciudad de Barranquilla, el cual dejó su huella en la historia de la arquitectura del Caribe colombiano. La investigación desarrollada tiene como objetivo principal reconstruir la historia de vida de este arquitecto y su pensamiento sobre la arquitectura, a través de la narración en viva voz, y sentir del mismo personaje, testimonio que se convierte en un legado sobre sus visiones e ideas y sobre el deber ser de la disciplina de la arquitectura en el mundo contemporáneo. Desarrollada con un enfoque histórico hermenéutico, la investigación realizó una búsqueda en profundidad, a través del estudio de caso de un arquitecto de gran importancia en la construcción y gestión de una de las ciudades capitales del Caribe colombiano. A partir de la narración de este personaje se recrea una parte de la historia de la arquitectura moderna de la ciudad de Barranquilla, los aciertos y desaciertos en la búsqueda de un desarrollo para la ciudad y la región. Como conclusión se identifican fragmentos de la historia de la arquitectura y el desarrollo urbano en el Caribe colombiano, se observa también al Caribe como una tierra exuberante, con un paisaje encantador, que se fue transformando a partir de las intervenciones del hombre. ___Palabras clave: Arquitectura, arquitecto, historia de vida, Caribe colombiano. ___Abstract: This article presents results of the realized research on one of the most representative architectsof Barranquilla's city, who left his fingerprint in the history of the architecture of the Colombian Caribbean. The developed investigation has as principal aim to reconstruct the history of life of this architect and his thoughts on the architecture, across the story in alive voice, and feels of the same personage, testimony that turns into a legacy on his visions and ideas and on the duty to be of the discipline of the architecture in thecontemporary world. Developed with a historical hermeneutic approach, the investigation realized a search in depth, across the study of case of an architect of great importance in the construction and management of one of the capital cities of the Colombian Caribbean. From the story of this personage there reconstruct itself a part of the history of the modern architecture of Barranquilla's city, the successes and mistakes in the search of a development for the city and the region. As a conclusion there are identified fragments of the history of the architecture and the urban development in the Colombian Caribbean, the Caribbean is observed also as an exuberant land, with a charming landscape, which was transforming from the interventions of the man. ___Keywords: Architecture, architect, history of life, Colombian Caribbean. ___Recibido febrero de 4 2014 / Aceptado agosto 30 de 2014

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Montoya Alvarez, Yeimy Andrea, and José Ignacio Rodríguez Molano. "Colombian agriculture:." Ingeniería Solidaria 18, no. 2 (May 10, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2357-6014.2022.02.04.

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This article presents some of the most relevant aspects related to the technological development of Colombian agriculture and of projects that have been carried out in the country in the field of precision agriculture. It also addresses the context of the progress of agriculture 4.0 at the national level and presents possible IoT integration tools and architectures applicable in this field. Finally, the benefits and implications of the development of agriculture 4.0 in the country are highlighted, concluding that its consolidation is necessary to strengthen national agriculture development.

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Patiño, Luz Helena, Marina Muñoz, Angie Lorena Ramírez, Nórida Vélez, Patricia Escandón, Claudia-Marcela Parra-Giraldo, and Juan David Ramírez. "A Landscape of the Genomic Structure of Cryptococcus neoformans in Colombian Isolates." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020135.

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Cryptococcus neoformans species complexes are recognized as environmental fungi responsible for lethal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. Despite the vast knowledge about the epidemiology and genetic diversity of this fungus in different regions of the world, more studies are necessary to comprehend the genomic profiles across South America, including Colombia, considered to be the second country with the highest number of Cryptococcosis. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the genomic architecture of 29 Colombian C. neoformans isolates and evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of these strains with publicly available C. neoformans genomes. The phylogenomic analysis showed that 97% of the isolates belonged to the VNI molecular type and the presence of sub-lineages and sub-clades. We evidenced a karyotype without changes, a low number of genes with copy number variations, and a moderate number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Additionally, a difference in the number of SNPs between the sub-lineages/sub-clades was observed; some were involved in crucial fungi biological processes. Our study demonstrated the intraspecific divergence of C. neoformans in Colombia. These findings provide evidence that Colombian C. neoformans isolates do not probably require significant structural changes as adaptation mechanisms to the host. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the whole genome sequence of Colombian C. neoformans isolates.

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Toro-Ospina, Alejandra M., Ana C. Herrera Rios, Wellington Bizarria Santos, Gustavo Pimenta Schettini, Viviana H. Vallejo Aristizabal, Gilberto Tovar Claros, and Edna Gicela Ortiz Morea. "Genetic Architecture and Signatures of Selection in the Caqueteño Creole (Colombian Native Cattle)." Diversity 14, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14100828.

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Evolutionary mechanisms have shaped the genomic architecture of Colombian Creole cattle breeds. The mating and selection processes have impacted several traits, promoting differences within and between populations. Studies of population structure and selection signatures in Colombian Creole breeds are scarce, and need more attention to better understand genetic differentiation, gene flow, and genetic distance. This study aimed to analyze the population structure and identify selection imprints in the Criollo Caqueteño (CAQ) population. It used 127 CAQ animals genotyped with Chip HD 777,000 SNPs. The population structure analyses used discriminant principal component analysis (DAPC), integrated haplotype scoring (iHS), and index-fixing (Fst) methodologies to detect selection signals. We can highlight SNP regions on the genes TMPRSS15, PGAM2, and EGFR, identified by the Fst method. Additionally, the iHS regions for cluster 1 identified candidate genes on BTA 3 (CMPK1 and FOXD2), BTA 11 (RCAN1), and BTA 22 (ARPP21). In group 2, we can highlight the genes on BTA 4 (SLC13A4, BRAF), BTA 9 (ULBP), BTA 14 (CSMD3) and BTA 19 (KRTAP9-2). These candidate genes have been associated with fertility traits, precocity, growth, and environmental and disease resistance, indicating a genetic potential in CAQ animals. All this promotes a better understanding of the diversity and genetic structure in the CAQ population. Based on that, our study can significantly assist the sustainable development and conservation of the breed in the Colombian Amazon.

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Salas-Berrocal, Gabriela, Oscar Alejandro Sanabria Vargas, and Mónica Ruíz Pianeta. "Opportunities for crossfertilisation between the shipbuilding industry and the emergent offshore wind energy sector in Colombia." Ingeniería Solidaria 17, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2357-6014.2021.02.05.

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This paper provides a review and analysis of cross-fertilization opportunities between the shipbuilding industry in Colombia and the Offshore Wind Energy (OWE) sector. It is aimed to identify the main aspects involved in the design and construction of floating platforms for Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) and to examine the restrictions and capabilities of the Colombian shipbuilding industry for their implementation.

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Arciniegas Herrera, José Luis, María Verónica Fernández de Valdenebro, María Amparo Hormiga Juspian, Aleyda Tulande Arroyo, and César Alberto Collazos Ordóñez. "Architectural patterns regarding web application domain usability." Ingeniería e Investigación 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v30n1.15207.

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Usability is one of the quality characteristics having the greatest impact on final user acceptation in a web application context. However, the relationship between usability and software architecture has not been completely identified and characterised. Some work has found some relationships between usability and architecture but not between architectural patterns. This papers main contribution lies in its identification of architecture patterns and how they have influenced usability within the context of web applications. This study is useful for architects and new product designers regarding the early identification of possible problems and/or advantages (at architectural level), using some of them in a web application. Additionally, architects could identify weaknesses in initial designs thereby increasing final user satisfaction. The study could be useful when a web application is being evaluated, since detecting possible usability problems or weaknesses implies that it should be improved. Consequently, some changes would be made to the application, both in its interfaces and at architectural level. In this case, the problem can be related and the most suitable solution be suggested in terms of patterns. The impact of this works architectural pattern has been validated on two Colombian small- and medium-sized enterprises which have exercised some of the proposed patterns and verified their influence on usability properties.

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Sanchez-Beltran, Maria del Pilar. "Welfare as Warfare: The Role of Modern Architecture during the Colombian Dictatorship." Architecture and Culture 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20507828.2021.2019382.

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Ospina Jiménez, Luz Angela. "Design of a comprehensive methodology for the lean manufacturing implementation in the colombian context." Ingeniería Solidaria 17, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2357-6014.2021.03.10.

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Abstract: Introduction: This article is the product of the research "design of a comprehensive methodology for the implementation of lean manufacturing in the Colombian context", carried out during the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 in Bogotá, Cundinamarca. Problem: Existing Lean Manufacturing implementation methodologies do not take into account the organizational aspects of the culture of the country in which it is being developed, thus making its full implementation difficult. Objective: Propose a comprehensive implementation methodology that allows increasing the successful application of Lean Manufacturing in the Colombian industry. Methodology: This article presents the review and analysis of the existing implementation methodologies and the results of the analysis of problems in implementation processes in the Colombian industry, as well as the comprehensive implementation methodology designed. Results: To achieve the successful implementation of lean manufacturing in the Colombian context, an adequate follow-up of the implementation process is required, the commitment of the company's senior managers, the definition of appropriate leaders for the implementation process and the adequate training of personnel. Conclusion: This project seeks to propose a flexible methodology that adjusts to organizational conditions. Originality: This research integrates key success factors associated with the Colombian context in the implementation methodology. Limitations: The sample size of the diagnosis of the degree of implementation of Lean Manufacturing in the Colombian industry from which the key success factors to be included in the methodology are taken.

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Villagrán, Edwin, Jorge Flores-Velazquez, Mohammad Akrami, and Carlos Bojacá. "Microclimatic Evaluation of Five Types of Colombian Greenhouses Using Geostatistical Techniques." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 22, 2022): 3925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103925.

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In Colombia, the second-largest exporter of cut flowers worldwide and one of the South American countries with the largest area of crops under cover, passive or naturally ventilated greenhouses predominate. Locally, there are several types of greenhouses that differ in architecture, size, height, shape of roof and ventilation surfaces, of which many characteristics of the microclimate generated in their interior environment are unknown. This generates productive limitations that in some way may be limiting the yield, quality and health of the final products harvested; in addition, Colombian producers do not have the ability to monitor the microclimate of their farms, much less to correlate microclimate data with data on crop production and yield. Therefore, there is a need for the Colombian grower to know the most relevant microclimate characteristics generated in the main greenhouses used locally. The objective of this work was to carry out a microclimatic characterization of the five most used types of greenhouses in Colombia. The main results allowed determining that in these structures, there are conditions of high humidity and low vapor pressure for several hours of the day, which affects the physiological processes of growth and development of the plants. It was also identified that for each type of greenhouse, depending on the level of radiation, there is a significant microclimatic heterogeneity that may be the cause of the heterogeneity in plant growth, which is a common characteristic observed by the technical cultivation personnel. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is urgent to propose microclimatic optimization strategies to help ensure the sustainability of the most important production systems in the country.

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González Escobar, Luis Fernando. "La ciudad colombiana ¿futuro sin pasado?" Procesos Urbanos 2 (January 1, 2015): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21892/2422085x.83.

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Resumen: La pregunta por la identidad y la tradición en tiempos de la urbanización, la velocidad y la globalización, es la que se plantea el autor para poner en cuestión qué está sucediendo con la intervención urbana en las ciudades colombianas. Se plantea un contexto general sobre las dinámicas del sistema mundo que han conducido a la denominada urbanalización y la manera como en la ciudad colombiana se adoptan de manera a crítica. Frente a lo cual el autor se pregunta si conceptos como identidad y originalidad tienen alguna pertinencia en nuestras realidades urbanas como condición de posibilidad. Una vuelta a la tradición no como regreso al pasado sino como lectura de las condiciones geográficas, paisajísticas, culturales y de memoria. Para reclamar una nueva relación pasado-presente-futuro de la ciudad y la arquitectura. ___Palabras clave: urbanización, globalización, espacio público, arquitectura urbana, formas de habitar, identidad, tradición. ___Abstract: The question of identity and tradition in times of urbanization, speed and globalization, is the one the author establishes to question what is happening with the urban intervention in Colombian cities. It arises a general context of the dynamics of the world system that have led to the so-called urbanalization and how in the Colombian city is adopted in a critical way. Against which the author wonders whether concepts such as identity and originality have any relevance in our urban realities as a condition of possibility. A return to tradition, not as a return to the past but as a reading of geographic, landscape, memory and cultural conditions. To claim a new past-present-future relationship of the city and architecture. ___Keywords: urbanization, globalization, public space, urban architecture, ways of living, identity, tradition. ___Recibido: 03 de agosto de 2015. Aceptado: 30 de octubre de 2015.

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Kenney, Michael. "The Architecture of Drug Trafficking: Network Forms of Organisation in the Colombian Cocaine Trade." Global Crime 8, no. 3 (August 2007): 233–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17440570701507794.

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Rubiano-Ovalle, Oscar, and José I. García-Melo. "Distributed architecture for a supply chain by integrating a multi- agent approach using simulation." Journal de Ciencia e Ingeniería 13, no. 2 (October 9, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46571/jci.2021.2.1.

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This study proposes an architecture based on multiple agents through a Colored Petri Net model (CPN), which enables the integration of supply chain links and information technology to speed up the production process and services. The methodology was developed based on three fundamental concepts: CPN as design tool, Supply Chain (SC) Architecture and Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). As a case study, a typical supply chain in the Colombian production system was considered. As a case study, a typical supply chain in the Colombian production system was considered. For this, the study developed a modeling procedure to transform its supply chain architecture from a typical structure to a multi-agent structure. This procedure consists of seven phases. Initially, the case study is characterized as a supply chain, then the information is collected, next the limitations of the supply chain are identified, then the variables and their interactions are defined. In the following two phases, three models are developed: the structural model, representing the physical distribution of the plant; the conceptual model, that relates the system components and their interactions; and the functional model, which integrates the previous models and associates them with the behavior of the variables during the process ow. Finally, a qualitative and quantitative validation of the models are performed, simulating different scenarios. The results show that a distributed supply chain structure, using multi-agent architecture, first, offers robust information and physical flows, and secondly, contributes to supply time reduction, communication quickness, efficiency and quality of information for operational decision making. The results could also motivate organizations to integrate the supply chains considering MASs in resource management.

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Arias-Castilla, Carmen Aura, and Jaime Alberto Ayala-Cardona. "ICTs as promoters of diversity and the training of child educators." Visión electrónica 1, no. 2 (August 13, 2018): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22484728.18373.

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This article emerges from the research framework "State of art at a national level of early childhood education in and for diversity", as part of the project "Pedagogical architecture, didactic and technology for teacher-training for diversity" co-financed by COLCIENCIAS and which is also part of the "Alliance of institutions for the development of education and technology in Colombia” AIDETC, seeking to identify national trends of teacher-training in early childhood education to orient training programs for teachers in and for diversity in Colombia. The inquiry has considered of great importance the incorporation of technological resources to support programs regarding diversity, thus this article presents the current trends of use, possibilities, ICT use and appropriation to accept diversity in Colombia, result of inquiry at Colombian universities with early childhood education programs, through the selection of programs, the documentary analysis of their curricula and application of interviews, to interpret the inclination of the programs in the use of technology tools for teacher-training and in this way provide a general look that enriches the processes of appropriation of ICTs within early childhood education programs.

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Ausecha Penagos, Milton, Javier Imbús Guzmán, Zeida Solarte, and Oscar Mauricio Caicedo. "Proposal of Architecture for Billing and Payments by Proximity of Ubiquitous Services in Colombian Context." Sistemas y Telemática 6, no. 11 (July 24, 2008): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.18046/syt.v6i11.993.

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Diaz, M., L. Camargo, A. Rojas, E. Castillo, L. Tavera, N. López, E. Ramos, and M. F. Porto. "Cognitive alterations in patients with alterations in sleep architecture in a court of Colombian patients." Sleep Medicine 100 (December 2022): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.136.

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Pachón, César G., Dora M. Ballesteros, and Diego Renza. "Fake Banknote Recognition Using Deep Learning." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031281.

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Recently, some state-of-the-art works have used deep learning-based architectures, specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs), for banknote recognition and counterfeit detection with promising results. However, it is not clear which design strategy is more appropriate (custom or by transfer learning) in terms of classifier performance and inference times for massive data applications. This paper presents a comparison of the two design strategies in various types of architecture. For the transfer learning (TL) strategy, the most appropriate freezing points in CNN architectures (sequential, residual and Inception) are identified. In addition, a custom model based on an AlexNet-type sequential CNN is proposed. Both the TL and the custom models were trained and compared using a Colombian banknote dataset. According to the results, ResNet18 achieved the best accuracy, with 100%. On the other hand, the network with the shortest inference times was the proposed custom network, since its performance is up to 6.48-times faster in CPU and 16.29-times faster in GPU than the inference time with the models by transfer learning.

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GONZÁLEZ, FAVIO, and JAVIER GARZÓN-VENEGAS. "Burmeistera andakiana and B. boyacensis (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), two new species from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia." Phytotaxa 474, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.474.2.5.

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Burmeistera andakiana and B. boyacensis are described as new species primarily from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. The first species, closely related to B. brachyandra and B. ramosa, grows in sub-Andean forests at the eastern slopes of the Cordillera in the departments of Caquetá and Putumayo, with a few lowland populations, being the only Colombian species of the genus that reaches Amazonian forests. The second species, closely related to B. orientalis, has been collected at edges of Andean forests in both flanks of the Eastern Cordillera in the department of Boyacá. The new species are illustrated and their relationships are discussed. Both species differ from their relatives by a number of vegetative and reproductive traits related to the indumentum of the stem, the architecture and size of leaves, the morphology and indumentum of floral organs, and the shape of the fruits. We suggest that both species be considered as critically endangered.

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Salazar-Cabrera, Ricardo, Álvaro Pachón de la Cruz, and Juan Manuel Madrid Molina. "Design of a Public Vehicle Tracking Service Using Long-Range (LoRa) and Intelligent Transportation System Architecture." Journal of Information Technology Research 14, no. 1 (January 2021): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2021010109.

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Public transport vehicles are involved in a high percentage of traffic accidents in intermediate cities, mainly due to speeding and lack of control over their routing. In addition, many passengers of these vehicles report poor quality of service. To try to improve this, the authors propose a system to provide a public transport vehicle tracking service with high quality regarding accessibility, safety, and comfort. They developed an ITS architecture for this type of city following a methodology, they constructed a detailed service diagram using the ITS architecture and quality requirements, and finally, they selected the adequate wireless communication technology for the service. They determined that an IoT-based system, with LoRaWAN technology and considering the developed ITS architecture, provides the service with the required characteristics. They also analyzed the use of the proposed service design in the case of an intermediate Colombian city, determining the required components, network, and budget.

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Buchely, Lina. "Peace, Land, and Bureaucracy in Colombia: An Analysis of the Implementation of the Victims and Land Restitution Law from a Multiscale Perspective of State Bureaucracies." Land 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9060181.

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This article presents an analysis of the complexities implied by the implementation of the Colombian land restitution policy, as an example of the way in which the state works in its day-to-day practice. The document highlights the role played by the bureaucracy of “land” in the management of the so-called post-conflict setting. It is constructive in showing the multiscale nature of the state, whose operation cannot be understood outside the various levels and scales that compose it. This conception is very well exemplified by the typology of the bureaucracies to which it resorts in order to explain the different meanings of notions, such as “conflict,” “land” or “victim,” for the public officials according to the position they fill in the institutional architecture of restitution. By analyzing the research findings, the author reveals that it is emotional, rather than material, benefits that condense the state’s role in the Colombian post-conflict period.

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Meza-Estrada, Carmen, and Ledy Armirola-Garcés. "Análisis de las ciudades del Caribe colombiano desde la perspectiva de la ciudad inteligente." AUS, no. 32 (2022): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4206/aus.2022.n32-06.

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Cabarcas Simancas, Manuel, Angélica María Rada Santiago, and Brandon Humberto Vargas Vera. "Gas transport at dense phase conditions for the development of deepwater fields in the Colombian Caribbean sea." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.131.

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The purpose of this article is to set out the benefits of using the dense phase gas transport in future projects in the Caribbean Sea and to verify that when operating pipelines at high pressures, more mass per unit of volume is transported, and liquid formation risks are mitigated in hostile environments and low temperatures.This study contains key data about gas production fields in deep and ultra-deep waters around the world, which serve as a basis for research and provide characteristics for each development to be contrasted with the subsea architecture proposed in this paper. Additionally, analogies are established between the target field (Gorgón-1, Kronos-1 and Purple Angel-1) and other offshore gas fields that have similar reservoir properties. Using geographic information systems, the layout of a gas pipeline and a subsea field architecture that starts in the new gas province is proposed.Finally, using a hydraulic simulation tool, the gas transport performance in dense phase is analyzed and compared with the conventional way of transporting gas by underwater pipelines, achieving up to 20 % in cost savings when dense phase is applied.

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Nader Manrique, Carlos Alberto, Alex Leandro Perez Perez, Camilo Andres Cifuentes Quin, and Helmut Geofre Ramos Calonge. "Portable Epidemiological Isolation Unit. Ephemeral Architecture for Covid-19 Emergency." Strategic Design Research Journal 13, no. 3 (December 23, 2020): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/sdrj.2020.133.09.

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In response to the COVID-19 global pandemic, the Colombian Ministry of Science and Technology launched the call for research proposals MinCienciatón. The call invited researchers in different fields, including epidemiology and biomedical design, to present solutions that help mitigate the health emergency produced by the fast spread of the virus worldwide. Among other subjects of interest, the call encouraged researchers to present ideas for the isolation of infected patients and the protection of medical staff. In this context, the LAB[1] was selected to design and produce a Portable Epidemiological Isolation Unit. Product of the laboratory’s research in polyhedral geometry and ephemeral architecture, we designed a pneumatic structure which permits the treatment of infected patients in aseptic and well ventilated spaces – as well as the isolation of medical staff and equipment. In the event that the health system becomes saturated, the Portable Epidemiological Isolation Unit will allow the sanitary authorities to expand its hospital capacity when needed. It will also permit the installation of field hospitals in isolated areas of the national territory that do not count with the necessary infrastructure to cope with the sanitary crisis. [1] In compliance with the blind evaluation policy of the journal, this proposal does not mention the name of the laboratory in question nor its institutional bond.

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Parra Laguna, Diego Mauricio. "Non-explosive training Grenade for the Schools of the Colombian Military Forces and Police." Ingeniería Solidaria 17, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2357-6014.2021.02.03.

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The article is the product of the research " Non-explosive training grenade Design for the practice and launch exercise in the training schools of Colombian military forces", carried out during 2017 and 2020 in the Non-Commissioned Officers Military School.

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Sanchez, Paola, and Natalia Bernal. "Designing Enclosures for the Colombian Electrical and Electronics Industry in Response to Globalization." International Journal of Designed Objects 8, no. 2 (2015): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1379/cgp/v08i02/38665.

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Figueroa, Miguel, Otto Mora Lerma, Ricardo Fuentes, and Alfredo Ojeda. "Multimodal movement planning: logistics network and analysis of transportation alternatives. study case." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 8, no. 4 (November 10, 2019): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i4.29975.

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One of the most relevant problems in transport engineering is the planning of multimodal movements where it is necessary to define the logistics network. To analyze the logistics of a foreign trade operator in Colombia, a mathematical model has been designed for the choice of ports, considering multimodal transport and the state of the art. Initially, a multimodal network was built considering modes of maritime, river, rail and road transport, taking advantage of the main river of Colombia (Magdalena river) and the railway infrastructure. Port operating costs, transshipment, port fees, sea freight, operational and variable costs were included in the analysis. It was found that the most suitable ports in Colombia for export are Cartagena and Buenaventura, with the current infrastructure and demand. It has been found that multimodal arcs are more used than those with a single mode, in addition to exports to Ecuador being made by Buenaventura, while to America and Europe is Cartagena. Additionally, there is sensitivity in the choice of ports concerning the level of prices of road transport since in the Colombian context it is vital to change transfers due to the lack of connectivity between modes such as rail and river.

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Martínez S., Fredy H., Faiber Robayo Betancourt, and Mario Arbulú. "A gesture recognition system for the Colombian sign language based on convolutional neural networks." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 2082–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.2440.

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Sign languages (or signed languages) are languages that use visual techniques, primarily with the hands, to transmit information and enable communication with deaf-mutes people. This language is traditionally only learned by people with this limitation, which is why communication between deaf and non-deaf people is difficult. To solve this problem we propose an autonomous model based on convolutional networks to translate the Colombian Sign Language (CSL) into normal Spanish text. The scheme uses characteristic images of each static sign of the language within a base of 24000 images (1000 images per category, with 24 categories) to train a deep convolutional network of the NASNet type (Neural Architecture Search Network). The images in each category were taken from different people with positional variations to cover any angle of view. The performance evaluation showed that the system is capable of recognizing all 24 signs used with an 88% recognition rate.

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Leserri, Massimo, Merwan Chaverra Suarez, Gabriele Rossi, and Dayan Guzman Bejarano. "From an Enclosure to the Corraleja. An Analysis of the Genesis of an Ephemeral and Vernacular Colombian Architecture." Buildings 8, no. 3 (March 13, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8030041.

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Salazar, John, Jose Guevara, Monica Espinosa, Felipe Rivera, and Juan F. Franco. "Decarbonization of the Colombian Building Sector: Social Network Analysis of Enabling Stakeholders." Buildings 12, no. 10 (September 26, 2022): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101531.

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Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the main challenges to stopping climate change; in particular, the building sector acts as one of the main emitters. In response, governments have been developing nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and roadmaps to establish measures to achieve net-zero emissions. One of the main barriers to implementing these measures, particularly in the building sector, underlays in stakeholder integration. Through social network analysis (SNA) concepts, this research explores the roles of the actors whose participation is required in decarbonizing the Colombian building sector. These stakeholders engage in enabling categories (e.g., policy, finance, technology, and capacity development) required to achieve net-zero emissions, according to the goals proposed by the Colombian Green Building Council (CGBC). For the network analysis, we employ the results of semi-structured interviews led by the CGBC within the framework of the Zero Carbon Building Accelerator (ZCBA) project. Findings show highly interconnected networks characterized by redundant connections among actors. Three types of actors are identified within each enabler network: prominent actors with high centrality values, in charge of coordinating most of the actions required to achieve net-zero emissions; second-level actors limited to specific roles in policy-making processes; and perimeter actors focused on a few particular actions.

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Salcedo-Gonzalez, Mayra, Julio Suarez-Paez, Manuel Esteve, Jon Ander Gómez, and Carlos Enrique Palau. "A Novel Method of Spatiotemporal Dynamic Geo-Visualization of Criminal Data, Applied to Command and Control Centers for Public Safety." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030160.

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This article shows a novel geo-visualization method of dynamic spatiotemporal data that allows mobility and concentration of criminal activity to be study. The method was developed using, only and significantly, real data of Santiago de Cali (Colombia), collected by the Colombian National Police (PONAL). This method constitutes a tool that allows criminal influx to be analyzed by concentration, zone, time slot and date. In addition to the field experience of police commanders, it allows patterns of criminal activity to be detected, thereby enabling a better distribution and management of police resources allocated to crime deterrence, prevention and control. Additionally, it may be applied to the concepts of safe city and smart city of the PONAL within the architecture of Command and Control System (C2S) of Command and Control Centers for Public Safety. Furthermore, it contributes to a better situational awareness and improves the future projection, agility, efficiency and decision-making processes of police officers, which are all essential for fulfillment of police missions against crime. Finally, this was developed using an open source software, it can be adapted to any other city, be used with real-time data and be implemented, if necessary, with the geographic software of any other C2S.

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Cornejo-Sanchez, Diana M., Jaime Carrizosa-Moog, Dagoberto Cabrera-Hemer, Rodrigo Solarte-Mila, Christhian Gomez-Castillo, Rhys Thomas, Suzanne M. Leal, William Cornejo-Ochoa, and Nicolas Pineda-Trujillo. "Sleepwalking and Sleep Paralysis: Prevalence in Colombian Families With Genetic Generalized Epilepsy." Journal of Child Neurology 34, no. 9 (April 23, 2019): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073819842422.

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Background: Sleep deprivation commonly increases seizure frequency in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy, though it is unknown whether there is an increased prevalence of sleepwalking or sleep paralysis in genetic generalized epilepsy patients. Establishing this could provide insights into the bio-mechanisms or genetic architecture of both disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sleepwalking and sleep paralysis in a cohort of patients with genetic generalized epilepsy and their relatives in extended families. Methods: A structured interview based on International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) criteria was applied to 67 index cases and their relatives to determine genetic generalized epilepsy subtypes and assess the occurrence of sleepwalking or sleep paralysis. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Results: The prevalence of sleepwalking and sleep paralysis was 15.3% (95% confidence interval 12.1-18.9) and 11.7% (95% confidence interval 8.7-15.3), respectively. Unusually, no sleepwalkers were found among individuals displaying epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Approximately a quarter of the patients had either parasomnia or genetic generalized epilepsy. Over half the genetic generalized epilepsy families had at least 1 individual with sleepwalking, and more than 40% of the families had one individual with sleep paralysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of sleepwalking or sleep paralysis is reported for individuals with genetic generalized epilepsy and their relatives. The co-existence of either parasomnia in the genetic generalized epilepsy patients and the co-aggregation within their families let suggest that shared heritability and pathophysiological mechanisms exist between these disorders. We hypothesize that sleepwalking/sleep paralysis and genetic generalized epilepsy could be variable expression of genes in shared pathways.

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Cama-Pinto, Dora, Miguel Damas, Juan Antonio Holgado-Terriza, Francisco Gómez-Mula, Andrés Camilo Calderin-Curtidor, Juan Martínez-Lao, and Alejandro Cama-Pinto. "5G Mobile Phone Network Introduction in Colombia." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080922.

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The deployment of the 5G mobile network is currently booming, offering commercially available services that improve network performance metrics by minimizing network latency in countries such as the USA, China, and Korea. However, many countries around the world are still in the pilot phase promoted and regulated by government agencies. This is the case in Colombia, where the assignment of the first 5G band is planned for the third quarter of 2021. By analyzing the results of the pilot phase and the roadmap of the Colombian Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies (MinTIC), we can determine the main issues, which contribute to the deployment of 5G mobile technology as well as the plans to achieve a 5G stand-alone network from 4G networks. This is applicable to other countries in Latin America and the world. Then, our objective is to synthesize and share the most important concepts of 5G mobile technology such as the MIMO (multiple input/multiple output) antenna, RAN (Radio Access Network), C-RAN (Centralised-RAN), and frequency bands, and evaluate the current stage of its introduction in Colombia.

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Santamaría, Carlos, Inge Armbrecht, and Jean-Paul Lachaud. "Nest architecture and colony composition in two populations of Ectatomma ruidum sp. 2 (E. ruidum species complex) in southwestern Colombia." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): e0263382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263382.

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Nest architecture plays a fundamental role in the adaptation of ants to their habitat, favoring the action of economically important species. Ectatomma ruidum sp. 2 (ruidum species complex) is a biological control agent in Neotropical agroecosystems, exhibiting high bioturbation impact due to high nest densities. The architecture and composition of 152 nests were studied in two Andean populations of southwestern Colombia, 24 of them being cast using the paraffin wax technique. Nest entrance was a single, circular, 4 mm hole at ground level, without any special external structure, connected to a single vertical tunnel communicating with successive half ellipsoidal chambers. Nests were extremely shallow (depth range: 28.7–35.4 cm), with an average of six chambers and an overall volume of 92.2 cm3 per nest. The deeper the chamber, the smaller its volume. Nest building was independent of plants or roots, and no surface or underground physical connections were found between neighboring nests. Few nests possessed a queen, and neither ergatoids nor microgynes were recorded. Despite significant interactions between localities and the number of both males and workers, queen presence had an overall highly positive effect on the number of workers and larvae and a negative one on the number of gynes. Overall, the studied Colombian populations of E. ruidum sp. 2 retained the simple nest structure described for other species of this species complex and for colonies of the same species from other geographical areas, though they constrasted in their extreme shallowness. Our data suggest that E. ruidum sp. 2, at the local level, does not follow the usual monodomic pattern of this species with facultative polygyny but, rather, has a polydomic pattern with monogyny, perhaps related to the extreme shallowness of the nests due to soil structure, which could significantly enhance the queen’s reproductive inhibition previously reported for this species.

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Rodríguez Molano, José Ignacio, Leidy Daniela Forero Zea, and Yudy Fernanda Piñeros Reina. "Proposal of Architecture And Application of Machine Learning (Ml) as A Strategy For The Reduction of University Desertion Levels Due to Academic Factors." Ingeniería Solidaria 15, no. 29 (September 16, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2357-6014.2019.03.06.

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Introduction: Machine Learning arises as one of the techniques of artificial intelligence, with the development of computer programs that, through algorithms, access data and use them to learn and predict results. Their application in education allows for the characterization of problems or difficulties in learning through the analysis of student performance. Objective: Identification of applications of Machine Learning that can be applied to the educational field accompanied by a proposal of architecture for the application in an environment of personalized education. Methodology: This article begins with the review of the literature on the characteristics of Machine Learning and academic desertion, with an emphasis on the Colombian case, the Hyper-personalization and its applicability to learning methodologies. Then, a proposal of architecture in a Machine Learning environment is generated in order to mitigate the academic desertion caused by academic factors. Finally, we propose mechanisms for evaluating the proposed architecture, with a subsequent synthesis and discussion of the results. Conclusions: The construction of a Moodle architecture for the hyper-personalization of learning, is a global perspective of the representative factors proposed for the development of applications through Machine Learning. This could lead to a decrease in levels of university academic desertion because it facilitates the management of knowledge, information and adaptation through the analysis of scenarios. Originality: The proposed architecture is shown as an application of machine learning in social cases such as academic desertion, allowing the inclusion of automatic learning models with the requirements of an educational environment. Restrictions: The case for the application for the Hyper-personalization of learning uses an academic approach which can generate invalid results regarding desertion levels.

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Montoya-Munoz, Ana Isabel, and Oscar Mauricio Caicedo Rendon. "An Approach Based on Fog Computing for Providing Reliability in IoT Data Collection: A Case Study in a Colombian Coffee Smart Farm." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 14, 2020): 8904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248904.

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The reliability in data collection is essential in Smart Farming supported by the Internet of Things (IoT). Several IoT and Fog-based works consider the reliability concept, but they fall short in providing a network’s edge mechanisms for detecting and replacing outliers. Making decisions based on inaccurate data can diminish the quality of crops and, consequently, lose money. This paper proposes an approach for providing reliable data collection, which focuses on outlier detection and treatment in IoT-based Smart Farming. Our proposal includes an architecture based on the continuum IoT-Fog-Cloud, which incorporates a mechanism based on Machine Learning to detect outliers and another based on interpolation for inferring data intended to replace outliers. We located the data cleaning at the Fog to Smart Farming applications functioning in the farm operate with reliable data. We evaluate our approach by carrying out a case study in a network based on the proposed architecture and deployed at a Colombian Coffee Smart Farm. Results show our mechanisms achieve high Accuracy, Precision, and Recall as well as low False Alarm Rate and Root Mean Squared Error when detecting and replacing outliers with inferred data. Considering the obtained results, we conclude that our approach provides reliable data collection in Smart Farming.

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Pedraza, Oscar, and Hannah Meszaros Martin. "The memory of earth and land dispossession in Urabá." Journal of Visual Culture 20, no. 3 (December 2021): 543–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14704129211072651.

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In this article, the authors discuss their work in Coquitos from 2019–2021 with the Colombian Truth Commission and Forensic Architecture. They consider conflicts around land tenure, violent land dispossessions and land grabbing as the sedimented articulation of multiple environmental, legal, economic, and violent processes that are drawn out over decades. Their mode of analysis is based on a visual methodology using ‘situated testimony’ of ‘earthly memory’ that reflects the need to combine modes of seeing and understanding earth systems through the historicity of such slow violence. This focus on earthly memory allows for an approach to violence that resists the commodification of the environment and its reduction to an inert object, or a mere prize of war (what is often reduced to a ‘conflict over resources’). Rather, by focusing these situated testimonies on the theme of earthly memory, the authors pursue an analysis that underscores the environment as an active agent in the conflicts and forms of violence that are at the heart of land dispossession. The environment should be understood, they argue, as both a mode and medium through which violence is conducted, rather than a passive victim on which violence is executed. This is how they arrive at a method of situated testimony that could be employed as a way of addressing the role of earthly memory in the long history of the Colombian war.

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Dimas Pastrana, Diego Armando, Nayive Nieves Pimiento, and Carlos Augusto Toledo Bueno. "Economic impact of automation in maintenance processes for the manufacturing industry in Colombia:." Ingeniería Solidaria 18, no. 2 (May 10, 2022): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2357-6014.2022.02.05.

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Introduction: Nowadays, diverse manufacturing companies are faced towards the dilemma of whether investing in automation technologies or not, due to the uncertainty when it comes to remuneration in the profitability of the company, on another hand the level of maintenance management at manufacturing companies is insufficient inside the Latin American region. Methods: For the build-up of this article, literature review was taken into account. Results: In this bibliographic review the different tools, techniques and processes of automation in processes regarding industrial maintenance are taken discussed, in addition cases of different companies that have implemented automation technologies in their maintenance management are shown, ultimately statistics and data related to the subject in question focusing special attention on Colombian manufacturing companies will be presented, all this in order to give a panoramic vision of the economic impact of automation immersed in industrial maintenance and concurrently take a glance at a horizon of automation in Colombian manufacturing industries. Conclusions: Although investments in automation technologies have generated profits for companies, these are often high, in addition to costs related to training company staff to properly carry out these processes. It is therefore suggested that companies that desire to start integrating automation technologies into maintenance processes should do so progressively so as not to generate frustrations in relation to the investment.

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Rojas, Beimar, Cristhian Bolaños, Ricardo Salazar-Cabrera, Gustavo Ramírez-González, Álvaro Pachón de la Cruz, and Juan Manuel Madrid Molina. "Fleet Management and Control System for Medium-Sized Cities Based in Intelligent Transportation Systems: From Review to Proposal in a City." Electronics 9, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091383.

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In medium-sized cities in developing countries, transit services without dedicated lanes have issues related to route compliance, schedules, speed control, and safety. An efficient way for dealing with this issue is the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), to implement a Fleet Management and Control Systems (FMCS). Such implementation can be performed using Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs), which allow integration of services and adequate standardization. This article features: (a) a literature review, related to FMCS based on ITS and enabling technologies, (b) design of the ITS architecture of an FMCS, and (c) some advances in the development of the proposed FMCS in a Colombian city (Popayán). The results of the literature review allowed identifying the most important requirements of FMCS in order to design the ITS architecture and build a prototype featuring the suggested technologies. Finally, some experiments were performed to evaluate the operation of the developed prototype. The results showed evidence of adequate operation in sending and receiving messages from and to four prototypes developed for the vehicles, also complying with the established requirements of location, tracking, exchanged data, and security. This allows continuing the development of the proposed FMCS, with some adjustments.

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Peñaloza Peña, Sergio Alexander, and Julián Ernesto Jaramillo Ibarra. "Potential Applicability of Earth to Air Heat Exchanger for Cooling in a Colombian Tropical Weather." Buildings 11, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060219.

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Buildings exhibit a high energy consumption compared with other economic sectors. While percentages vary from country to country, buildings are responsible for approximately 40% of the global energy demand. Most of this is consumed for achieving human thermal comfort. In Colombia, the government promotes policies for the adoption of efficient energy strategies in this sector. The earth to air heat exchanger (EAHE) can be used to reduce the cooling load of a building. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the energy savings that can be obtained by installing an EAHE in a tropical climate in Colombia. To do so, a mathematical model is implemented in TRNSYS (Transient System Simulation Tool) to predict the thermal performance and the cooling capacity of the EAHE. The system is modeled as a function of pipe length, diameter, material, thickness and air mass flow. Moreover, soil, local atmospheric conditions and building features are taken into account. It is found that the air leaves the EAHE at temperatures between 20.9 °C and 24.1 °C, which are approximately 3 °C below ambient temperature. Furthermore, the economic feasibility of the project is verified. Thereby, it is demonstrated that the EAHE can be a competitive alternative to current HVAC systems.

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Garzón, Victor H., Ricardo Garzón, Pedro M. Avellaneda, Erasmo A. Rodríguez, and Leonardo Alfonso. "Construction and evaluation of a Toolbox for the formulation of the Hydrologic component of the Basin Management Plans in Colombia." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 374 (October 17, 2016): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-374-105-2016.

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Abstract. The Colombian Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development issued the Policy for Integrated Water Resources Management in 2010, with the formulation of Basin Management Plans (POMCA) as a key component. The main purpose of these plans is to support land use planning and sustainable management of renewable natural resources. Since the announcement of the policy; however, advances in the formulation of POMCAs have been limited, due to the need of generating knowledge and the necessary information to formulate such plans. To contribute to the generation of such knowledge, we developed HidroCHEP: a Toolbox to support the formulation and hydrologic characterization of Colombian basins. In this paper, we report the design, architecture, implementation and use of the toolbox, to understand the climatic variability of the country and to improve predictions in ungauged basins. The use of the toolbox is illustrated and evaluated through its application in three pilot river basins (Pamplonita, Gualí and Ceibas) each with different level of available hydrologic and climatic data. This paper focuses on the use of the toolbox for the development of one of the products required by the technical guide for the formulation of POMCA, in the Pamplonita river basin. Main advantages and disadvantages of its application are evaluated. It is demonstrated that the toolbox has the potential to support the formulation of POMCAs in the country and to contribute to integrated national water resources management.

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Martínez Osorio, Gilberto Emiro. "From the singular architecture, to the consonant architecture: The relationship between architecture and the shape of the city in the Colombian Caribbean, 2nd half of the twentieth century. A look from the work of Ujueta, Cepeda, Delgado and Hernández." Memorias, no. 26 (January 1, 2015): 27–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.26.7299.

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Florez, Jimmy. "Towards a competitive ST system in the defense sector." Ingeniería Solidaria 17, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2357-6014.2021.02.06.

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Summary: This article describes a diagnostic investigation called, sustainable military science and technology (ST) in Colombian Air Force (FAC), developed in Aerospace Technological Development Centre (CETAD) between 2019 and 2020, which seeks to identify its weaknesses and strengths to achieve a competitive and sustainable ST system according to the National Security needs that enhances national development and achieve technological sovereignty. Problem: Is it possible to implement a sustainable and competitive ST system in the defense sector, that enhances the economic and industrial development of the country? Objective: This research seeks to diagnose the institutional ST system, identifying weaknesses and strengths and proposing strategies to generate a sustainable and competitive ecosystem. Methodology: A comparison was made between relevant bibliography analysis, the national context, and the result of the diagnoses of the ST system. Results: ST system is characterized by a efforts dispersion and a disconnection with the mission objectives and its leaders, however, there is a success case that shows how with a pragmatic orientation to the mission, results can be achieved. Conclusion: It was determined that it is possible to achieve a system that from the sector supports national development, integrating effective marketing and transfer practices and concentrating efforts on the mission. Originality: Through this research, was possible stablish the ST state of Colombian Air Force in order integrate the system capabilities to the missional process. Limitations: The lack of information provided by personal that conform the ST and the lack of knowledge of missionary processes.

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Guerrero-Prado, Jenniffer S., Wilfredo Alfonso-Morales, and Eduardo F. Caicedo-Bravo. "A Data Analytics/Big Data Framework for Advanced Metering Infrastructure Data." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 22, 2021): 5650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165650.

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The Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) data represent a source of information in real time not only about electricity consumption but also as an indicator of other social, demographic, and economic dynamics within a city. This paper presents a Data Analytics/Big Data framework applied to AMI data as a tool to leverage the potential of this data within the applications in a Smart City. The framework includes three fundamental aspects. First, the architectural view places AMI within the Smart Grids Architecture Model-SGAM. Second, the methodological view describes the transformation of raw data into knowledge represented by the DIKW hierarchy and the NIST Big Data interoperability model. Finally, a binding element between the two views is represented by human expertise and skills to obtain a deeper understanding of the results and transform knowledge into wisdom. Our new view faces the challenges arriving in energy markets by adding a binding element that gives support for optimal and efficient decision-making. To show how our framework works, we developed a case study. The case implements each component of the framework for a load forecasting application in a Colombian Retail Electricity Provider (REP). The MAPE for some of the REP’s markets was less than 5%. In addition, the case shows the effect of the binding element as it raises new development alternatives and becomes a feedback mechanism for more assertive decision making.

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Villegas, Juliana, Ruben Guevara, and Juan Esteban Escalante. "Brand ageing: an analysis from a Latin American perspective." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 25, no. 1 (November 12, 2021): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-09-2020-0109.

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Purpose Acknowledging that brands age over time, this paper aims to investigate the exogenous and endogenous factors that influence this phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach The literature on brand ageing is scarce. Through a study of several Colombian organisations that have an international presence, the paper uses a grounded-theory qualitative methodology, including in-depth interviews and documentary brand reviews over a longitudinal time dimension, to perform an analysis of specific aspects that affect brand ageing processes. Findings The results revealed that the factors that determine brand ageing can be classified into the following two subgroups: exogenous (conditions of the economic environment, category conditions, entrance of new competitors, ageing current consumers and entry of new consumers) and endogenous (organisational growth, upper management convictions, marketing structure, brand architecture, inappropriate naming and obsolete brand image) factors. Originality/value This research provides substantial academic value and insights that allow a better understanding of specific aspects that influence the brand ageing process.

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Guerrero Sanchez, Miguel Ángel, and Edgar Marcelo Cali Yambay. "Conceptual design of coastal patrol vessel (CPV) with flight deck for the reception and deployment of helicopter." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 14, no. 28 (January 31, 2021): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.214.

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This paper presents the development of the conceptual design of a coastal Patrol vessel with the capacity to receive and deploy a helicopter, in order to increase the efficiency of coastguard operations developed by the Colombian National Navy. As a starting point, the design of the coastal patrol vessel built by Cotecmar and named CPV46 was taken, on which modifications were implemented in its main dimensions and distribution of spaces, which allowed to include a flight deck to receive a BELL 412 EP helicopter, complying with the regulations for this type of operations.This design was developed based on the design spiral method, where each turn of the spiral includes estimates and performance calculations influenced by each other and corresponding to the different stages of the design. For this work, the conceptual design was divided into eight booklets containing the state of the art, mission profile, capacity sizing, naval architecture, propeller selection, generator selection, stability study and cost estimation, concluding in the feasibility of the design based on its cost at a conceptual level.

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Saldarriaga-Rivera, Lina M., Wilson Bautista-Molano, Alejandro Junca-Ramírez, Andrés R. Fernández-Aldana, Daniel G. Fernández-Ávila, Diego A. Jaimes, Edwin A. Jáuregui, Juan S. Segura-Charry, Consuelo Romero-Sánchez, and Oscar J. Felipe-Diaz. "2021 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with peripheral spondyloarthritis. Colombian Association of Rheumatology." Reumatología Clínica (English Edition) 18, no. 1 (January 2022): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reumae.2021.09.002.

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Cabrera, Edgar, Nelson Aponte, Johnny Garcia, Fredy Salazar, Eric Bouffet, Ute Bartels, Lina Jaramillo, and Adriana Fonseca. "EPID-26. CLINICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SARCOMA IN PEDIATRICS. A SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE IN A MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.344.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Primary central nervous system (CNS) sarcomas are rare mesenchymal non-meningothelial tumors accounting for less than 0.2% of intracranial lesions. Diagnosis and management are challenging due to the current lack of substantive clinical, histological and molecular data. METHODS We retrospectively identified all patients with diagnosis of primary CNS sarcoma at the Hospital Fundación Pediatrico la Misericordia (HOMI) in Bogota, Colombia. We collected patient demographics, disease characteristics, and outcomes for analysis. RESULTS Between 2008 and 2020, twenty-four consecutive patients were diagnosed at the HOMI representing 6% of all CNS tumors diagnosed over the same time period. The median age at presentation was 9.48 years (range:1.6–13.4). The median time of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 2 weeks (0.1–24). The most common presentation was headache (21/24- 89%) and vomiting (19/24- 79%). The frontal lobe was involved in 63% of patients (15/24) and only one patient presented with a cerebellar lesion. Histologically, these tumors were characterized by a pleomorphic spindle cell architecture and high mitotic activity. All samples lacked immunoreactivity to GFAP, CD34, EMA, and S100 and all samples had strong nuclear immunopositivity for TLE-1; BCL-2 was reactive in eighteen cases. Gross total resection was attained in fifteen patients, most patients received focal radiation therapy and ICE chemotherapy. Progression-free survival at 12 and 24 months was 57% and 31% respectively. Overall survival was 77% at 12 months and 39% at 24 months. Thirteen patients relapsed, 11 presented with local failures, and 2 with intracranial recurrences outside of the radiation field. CONCLUSION Our study identifies TLE-1 as a diagnostic marker of primary CNS sarcoma, a highly malignant supratentorial tumor of childhood. Further molecular studies are urgently needed to elucidate the biology of this disease and the unusually high incidence observed in the Colombian pediatric population.

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Lizarazo-Rodríguez, Liliana, and Philippe De Lombaerde. "Balancing Free Trade Principles with Other Constitutional Provisions in the Context of Preferential Trade Agreements." Global Journal of Comparative Law 4, no. 1 (April 17, 2015): 79–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00401003.

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Colombia’s Constitution of 1991 is an ambitious text which tries to strike a balance between laying a strong foundation for economic modernization and liberalization, on the one hand, and the creation of a Social State of Law and the protection of an impressive list of constitutional rights, on the other. Because of the doctrine that has been developed by the Constitutional Court since then, it has been considered as one of the most activist courts worldwide, next to courts such as the South African court. One of the factors that has thereby complicated its task is the fact that, since the 1990s, the government has actively multiplied its international economic commitments. In this article, case law of the Colombian Constitutional Court is analyzed, with a focus on balancing: (a) between the binding character of (regional and bilateral) free trade commitments and the constitutional competences of the sub-national level, and (b) between international free trade commitments and the protection of constitutional social rights. Both cases shed light on the balancing task of the court in a complex international context, in the presence of a multi-level regulatory architecture.

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Adell, Josep Mª. "Rogelio Salmona y la arquitectura con ladrillo en Colombia." Informes de la Construcción 56, no. 495 (February 28, 2005): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.2005.v57.i495.456.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Colombian Architecture'

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