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Scanlan, Jessica Leigh. "'Soy Super-Colombiana:' Colombian Women in Madrid and the Paradoxes of Constructing Transnational Identities." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193247.
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In this thesis I examine the experiences of Colombian women who emigrated from various regions of Colombia to Madrid from 1996-2006. An analysis of this sort requires a preliminary explanation regarding factors that motivate women to emigrate from Colombia and immigrate to Spain. In this project, I reflect upon the paradoxes inherent in the construction of a transnational identity. Though some Colombian women adopt Spanish customs, constructing a transnational identity, the majority maintain a strong and vibrant Colombian identity, particularly through virtual connections with their families back home. A transnational identity is an emotional, personal identity and in the context of this project signifies the adoption of a Spanish identity by Colombian women. I utilize social network theory as the primary conceptual framework to analyze the role and significance of networks in fostering the construction of transnational identities and the maintenance of Colombian identities.
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Cogua-Lopez, Jasney E. "Through the Prisms of Gender and Power: Agency in International Courtship between Colombian Women and American Men." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/146.
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Since 1999 Colombia has experienced dramatic increases in emigration, particularly the emigration of women towards the U.S. as fiancées of U.S. citizens or residents. Parallel to this trend is the increased number of websites facilitating these Colombian-American matches. This dissertation investigates the agency of Colombian women and American men who pursue romantic courtship through the services of International Marriage Brokers (IMBs) from the “Gendered Geographies of Power” (GGP) framework of analysis. It examines how both groups’ social locations, their positioning in multiple axes of differentiation including gender, nationality and social class, affects how and why they exert their agency across and within different geographic scales. Most importantly, it investigates the role the imagination plays (imagination work) in both men and women’s agency, an aspect of the GGP framework that has been under-researched and theorized to date. The research also finds that this imagination work is promoted and cultivated in deeply gendered ways by IMBs seeking to profit off this transnational courtship. Employing data collected via interviews and content analysis of IMBs’ websites, the dissertation analyzes comparatively the expectations each group (women, men and IMBs) bring to their imagination work and experiences of the courtship marketplace. A central question posed and answered in the dissertation is “What do women and men courting each other in cyberspace seek and do they find it?” The dissertation finds that the men seek “traditional” women and the women seek “liberated” less “macho” men. Ironically, the men find Colombian women who are among the most “liberated” women in their homeland but who downplay this aspect of themselves in order to strategically find a more modern man and migrate abroad where they expect to find greater personal and professional opportunities.
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Torres, Esperanza. "THE EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE INGESTION ON FETAL HEART RATE IN PREGNANT COLOMBIAN WOMEN." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275340.
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Dye, Michaelanne M. "La Vida Online: The Parallel Public Sphere of Facebook as Used by Colombian Immigrant Women in Atlanta." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/52.
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This thesis examines how Colombian women within the city of Atlanta utilize Facebook as a parallel public sphere, a cultural phenomenon through which the silenced use mediums of popular culture to discuss private and public dilemmas (Dewey 2009). Through ethnographic research in Atlanta, I analyze how these young women use Facebook as they negotiate their identity through the multiple contexts of their everyday lives. Drawing from feminist critiques, I explore whether Facebook provides an alternative to the traditional public sphere, while also investigating how power structures influence freedom of expression online. Through an international network of friends, these women tackle topics of discrimination, personal struggles, and individual accomplishments. By addressing pertinent issues, such as immigration reform policies, through a public forum, Colombian women become activists in order to disseminate information and educate others. This study explores the parallel public sphere, as well as its possible implications for diasporic communities, by examining the power of social connections and the performance of public personas through an arena not bounded by physical space.
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Garcés-Palacio, Isabel Cristina. "Impact of health care coverage and other socio-demographic variables on the follow-up of cervical cancer screening among Colombian women." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/garces.pdf.
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COSTA, GRAZIELLE FURTADO ALVES DA. "BETWEEN JUST WARRIORS AND BEAUTIFUL SOULS: PROTECTION, POWER AND POLITICAL RESISTANCE IN THE DISCOURSES AND PRACTICES OF COLOMBIAN WOMEN ORGANIZED FOR PEACE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12255@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A tese discute a atuação das organizações de mulheres pela paz na Colômbia, no contexto de ampliação da segurança internacional. A partir do final da Guerra Fria, os estudos de segurança internacional questionam o monopólio do Estado como sujeito de segurança. Nesse contexto, a dimensão de gênero é um dos principais pilares do conceito de segurança internacional ampliado no pós Guerra Fria. A Resolução 1325/2000 do Conselho de Segurança da ONU reconhece a ligação entre mulheres, guerra e segurança. A dimensão de gênero da cultura da violência se traduz na criação de fronteiras entre protetores e protegidos. A vulnerabilidade dos protegidos justifica o poder dos protetores, exercido através de capacidades militares e estratégicas. A masculinidade hegemônica se constrói em oposição a uma visão de feminilidade passiva, politicamente alienada e inerentemente ameaçada. Para desafiar esses estereótipos, as instituições internacionais têm destacado a importância de fortalecer as mulheres organizadas no nível local. Esse é o contexto de criação das organizações de mulheres colombianas, chamadas Ruta Pacífica de Mujeres e Iniciativa de Mujeres por la Paz. São redes de organizações de mulheres de diferentes regiões da Colômbia que denunciam os impactos do conflito armado na vida das mulheres. A tese discute se e como as ações e os discursos políticos dessas organizações rompem com a constituição masculina do poder que justifica a militarização da vida civil em nome da proteção de identidades femininas vulneráveis.
The dissertation discusses the work of women`s organization for peace in Colombia, in the context of the broadening of internationals security. Contemporary international security studies question the monopoly of the State as the subject of security. Gender violence is one of the main components of a comprehensive concept of international security, developed since the 1990`s. Security Council Resolution 1325/2000 recognized the links between women, war and security. The gender dimension of the culture of violence is translated in the creation of frontiers between protectors and protected. The vulnerability of protected beings justifies the power of protector ones, exercised in military and strategic capabilities. The hegemonic masculinity is construed in opposition to a concept of passive, politically alienated and inherently threatened femininity. As challenge to these stereotypes, international agencies have been highlighting the importance of strengthening women`s groups and projects at the local level. This is the context of creation of two Colombian organizations, called Ruta Pacífica de Mujeres and Iniciativa de Mujeres por la Paz. These are networks of women`s organizations making visible the impact of the armed conflict on the lives of Colombian women. The dissertation asks whether and how their political actions and discourses break with the masculine constitution of power that justifies the militarization of civil life in the name of the protection of feminine vulnerable identities.
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Rodriguez-Soto, Isa. "Micronutrient intake by poor urban pregnant women and lactating women in Cali, Colombia." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433480.
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Nieto-Valdivieso, Yoana Fernanda. "(Ex)guerrilleras : women waging war in Colombia, 1964-2012." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:14582.
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Gontovnik, Monica. "Another Way of Being: The Performative Practices of Contemporary Female ColombianArtists." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1420473106.
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Cuellar-Gomez, Olga Lucia. "Coffee Produced by Women in Cauca, Colombia: Where has Juanita Valdez Been?" Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193246.
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In order to meet the demands of a European roaster interested in coffee produced by women, a Colombian coffee cooperative developed a female growers' program in 2000. Today this program has grown into an association of 390 women. This thesis evaluates how marketing strategies have impacted women's lives, gender roles, experiences of leadership, and expectations of improving profits as well as individual and communities living standards. In addition, it examines how women have taken advantage of gender equity, female leadership, and empowerment discourses as a marketing strategy. The lessons learned from the successes and challenges that these women have experienced is documented. This research examines how new circumstances and struggles have increased women's participation in coffee production and how these transformations have opened new opportunities for women in the market. The study is based on interviews with members of the Asociación de Mujeres Caficultoras Cauca, in the summer 2007.
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Wallström, Anna, and Hanna Bergenblad. "Prisoners' Wives : Microcredit as a Contributior to Women Empowerment in Medellín, Colombia." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-51654.
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Microcredits is a widely researched topic within development research, however it seems like little research is done on how it helps to empower prisoners’ wives. The literature is mixed, with both positive and negative results of microfinance as a contributor to development, and the most known research on prisoners’ wives is almost 30 years old. This study shows the link between microfinance and empowerment of prisoners’ wives in Medellín, Colombia, a country with a high crime rate and overpopulated prisons. The study was conducted in Medellín through qualitative interviews with 19 borrowers, the head of the microfinance project of one organization, and a prison pastor. From these interviews, the women seem to have been empowered financially, as well as with human resources. Microcredits provided to these women seem to make it possible for prisoners’ wives to fulfil some of their dreams and achievement by running a business, however it doesn’t seem to give them much increase in the social sphere. This study is not just an addition to others within the field of microfinance, but also an investigation to see whether microfinance is a contributor to women empowerment in families where the male partner is not present, and in what ways.
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Granda, Rita María Cristina. "The status of Zenú women, a study of gender relations in Ancient Colombia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21688.pdf.
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Restrepo, R. Jannette. "Female-headed households and their homes : the case of Medellin, Colombia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0033/MQ64119.pdf.
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Eriksson, Julia. "Women in leadership and sexual violence : A case study of the role of women in FARC." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-319493.
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Eriksson, Sara. "A credit-plus approach : the way to increase women´s empowerment in microcredit? - Evidence from Colombia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320181.
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Does participation in microcredit programs lead to the empowerment of women? The answer is not clear-cut, and earlier studies report ambivalent results. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals number 5 argues for the importance of finding paths to empowerment. In order to facilitate women’s empowerment in microcredit scholars suggest the use of a credit-plus approach. The purpose of this paper is to reassess the impact of microcredit by making use of the credit-plus approach of Fundación WWB. The study is based on new primary data collected in a Minor Field Study conducted in Colombia. Through developing and testing three hypotheses I assess the impact on three dimensions of women’s empowerment: economic, social and cultural, and psychological. A mixed method approach of both OLS regressions and semi-structured interviews are applied. The results indicate that a credit-plus approach does increase the positive impact of credit on women’s financial control within the household. Yet, no significant result could be found in the case of decision-making power or self-efficiency. The paper also concludes that non-financial services per se may constitute a way to increase women empowerment.
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Duque-Salazar, Juan Diego. "When armed politics empower women : Gender ideologies in armed groups and women’s political empowerment: Evidence from Colombia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385097.
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This study aims to account for variation on women’s political empowerment in localities during wartime. I draw upon political ideologies and civilian-armed group interaction literature to argue that gender ideologies could explain why some conflict-affected areas have more women’s political empowerment than others. I argue that gender egalitarian ideologies in armed groups leads to specific organizational structure and political discourse where women are allowed to take leadership and political-related roles within the armed groups. More specifically, I argue that gender egalitarian armed groups not only encourage women to take public roles within their group but also to engage in politics in communities under their territorial control through four strategies: ideological meetings, penetration of social and political organization, establishment of social behaviors and infiltration in electoral politics. I test this argument using quantitative sub-national data looking at territorial control of non-state armed groups and number female mayor candidates in Colombia from 1997 to 2007. I expect that guerrilla areas, are more likely to have more female candidates compared with paramilitary areas. Surprisingly, I found an opposite direction, where paramilitary areas have more female candidates compared with guerrilla areas. I offer an alternative explanation based on the qualitative sources in order to account for the unexpected findings.
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Sosa, Ricardo Antonio. "ANÁLISIS DEL PODER Y LA SEXUALIDAD EN LOS CUENTOS DE MARVEL MORENO." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1334021389.
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De, Armas Maldonado Danieyi. "Efectos socioeconómicos del desplazamiento forzado en la mujer afrodescendiente - Santa Marta, Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402169.
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La investigación analiza los efectos socioeconómicos que enfrentan las mujeres afrodescendientes residentes en Santa Marta, como resultado del desplazamiento forzado en las regiones colombianas.
El diseño metodológico se abordó desde la tipología de investigación descriptiva cualitativa, a partir del levantamiento de información secundaría, bajo la dinámica de la exploración documental e información primaria, mediante técnicas cualitativas de recolección de datos.
El documento está constituido por cinco capítulos que brindar una visión clara del problema y las recomendaciones pertinentes: El primero expone el plan de investigación, el segundo aclara los fundamentos teórico-conceptuales que demarcan el análisis, el tercero da cuentas del conflicto colombiano y sus particularidades, el cuarto muestra el flagelo del desplazamiento en las comunidades afrocolombianas y el quinto examina con detalle el perfil socioeconómico las mujeres afrodescendientes víctimas en el Distrito de Santa Marta.The study analyzes the socioeconomic effects faced by Afro-descendant women living in Santa Marta as a result of forced displacement in Colombian regions. The methodological design was approached from the typology of qualitative descriptive research, from the secondary information harvest, under the dynamics of documentary exploration and primary information, through qualitative techniques of data collection. The document is made up of five chapters that provide a clear vision of the problem and the pertinent recommendations: The first presents the research plan, the second clarifies the theoretical-conceptual foundations that demarcate the analysis, the third gives accounts of the Colombian conflict and its particularities, the fourth shows the scourge of displacement in afro-colombian communities and the fifth examines in detail the socio-economic profile of afro-descendant women victims in the District of Santa Marta.
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Vergel, Tovar Carolina. "Usages militants et institutionnels du droit à propos de la cause des femmes victimes du conflit armé en Colombie." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100093.
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A partir de la reconstruction et de l’analyse du processus d’apparition de la question des femmes victimes du conflit armé en Colombie comme une cause de mobilisation féministe, cette recherche rend compte du rôle structurel du droit dans sa gestation et sa consolidation. Grâce à une approche qui articule les perspectives de la sociologie du droit, de la sociologie des mouvements sociaux, ainsi que de la critique féministe du droit, l’analyse met en exergue les conditions d’émergence des dénonciations publiques et juridiques des femmes affectées par les violences armées, qu’elles se mobilisent d’elles-mêmes ou que la mobilisation se fasse en leur nom. A partir d’une enquête empirique fondée principalement sur des entretiens, l’analyse des discours et l’observation du fonctionnement des instances judiciaires, outre la compréhension du rôle axial du recours au droit et à la justice dans ces processus, l’analyse de la cause permet d’enquêter sur la place de la question des femmes et des victimes dans l’action publique en Colombie, notamment dans les politiques qui visent la « sortie du conflit ». Des concepts tels que « justice transitionnelle », « droits humains des femmes » ou les « politiques constitutionnelles » sont aussi revus conformément à une perspective constitutive du droit. L’histoire contemporaine du conflit armé colombien, des mobilisations sociales pour la paix ou contre la guerre, ainsi que des efforts institutionnels pour gérer les effets des violences se trouvent ainsi interpelées. D’une part, du fait de la perspective doublement genrée que les objets « femme victime » et « mobilisation féministe » introduisent. D’autre part, en raison des dynamiques générées par le surgissement de la question des femmes victimes comme étant à la fois un objet de mobilisation, un sujet de dénonciation, et une « sujette de droits »This research focuses on the reconstruction and analysis of the process of the emergence of the issue of women victims of the armed conflict in Colombia, as a result of feminist mobilization. The research shows the structural role of law and legal mobilization in its birth and consolidation. With an approach that articulates the perspectives of sociology of law, sociology of social movements, and the feminist critique of law, the analysis highlights the conditions for the emergence of legal and public denunciations of women affected by armed violence. Grounded on an empirical research based primarily on interviews, discourse analysis and observation of court proceedings, the analysis of the cause allows to investigate the place of the issue of women and victims in public policies, including the efforts for achieve the "end of the conflict", in addition to understanding the pivotal role of recourse to law and justice in these processes. Concepts such as "transitional justice", "the human rights of women" or "constitutional politics" are also reviewed and discussed through a "constitutive" law perspective. In this way, the contemporary history of the Colombian armed conflict, and of the social mobilization for peace and against war, and also the history of institutional efforts to manage the effects of violence, are also revisited. On one hand, the discussion of those topics is determined by the fact that they can be thought as an effect of the double gendered perspective that topics such as "women victims" and "feminist mobilization" introduce. On the other hand, they are also part of a more global discussion due to the dynamics generated by the public emergence of the issue of women victims, who are simultaneously an object of mobilization, a subject of denunciation, and a "subject of rights"
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Carlsson, Karin. "Approach, Adjust or Avoid? : A descriptive case study on how women human rights defenders in Colombia cope with political violence." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-431878.
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Violence targeting politically active women is increasingly researched and recognised as a barrier to gender equal political participation. Previous studies on political violence targeting women have tended to focus on women in formal politics and mostly on the prevalence of violence rather than the impact it has on actors who continue to navigate violent political contexts. This case study uses semi-structured, digital interviews with eighteen Colombian women human rights defenders, focusing on their appraisal of (gendered) political violence and the coping strategies they use to navigate their political space. It finds that both strategies that involve taking up more political space and strategies with a silencing impact are used. For women human rights defenders in Colombia, their geographical conditions and access to resources, especially networks, are important factors to take into account when describing their possibilities to cope with political violence. Their perceptions of where and how gendered political violence occurs indicate that disproportionate impacts of political violence can be underestimated if research and policy does not account for the experiences of different groups of women. The thesis finds that studying lived experiences and micro-level mechanisms can contribute to the literature on macro-level phenomena such as barriers to participation, political violence and marginalisation.
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Price, Amy. "Beyond the Beauty of a Dozen Roses: Implications of Free Trade on Women Workers in Colombia's Cut Flower Industry." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18434.
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Under the prevailing global capitalist model, increased access to the formal economy for women is touted as a panacea to women´s empowerment and gender equality. Despite an unprecedented increase in women's participation in the global workforce and international labor standards, women are often assigned to precarious and exploitative low-wage work with little opportunity for social mobility. This thesis examines the effects of U.S.-Colombia Free Agreement and Labor Action Plan on women workers in Colombia's cut flower export-oriented industry. The impacts of free trade on women are contradictory, and despite hopes for the Labor Action Plan, women in the cut flower industry have seen little improvement in the working conditions and gender inequality. I explore the ways in which women actively resist exploitation and argue that women face powerful structural barriers to collective action under the imperialist and racist order of the capitalist patriarchy enshrined in Free Trade Agreements.
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Ottosson, Mikaela. "The inclusion of girls depends on women : A study of the inclusion of girls associated with armed forces and armed groups in DDR programs by women mediators in Colombia, the DRC and Somalia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443580.
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This thesis analyzes the relation between women mediators in peace negotiations and the inclusion of female child soldiers in disarm, demobilize and reintegrate (DDR) processes. Research shows that despite the adoption of UNSCR 1325 and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, there is low participation of women in peace processes. Children, especially girls (Girls Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups (GAAFAG), are often excluded from DDR programs due to not being seen as soldiers. This is not only an obstacle for lasting peace but it is also of importance to include them in the process as they have a human right to rehabilitation and reintegration after an armed conflict under Article 39 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Few studies have analyzed the relationship between women in peace negotiations and the inclusion of girls in the DDR process. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to study the effect women mediators can have on the inclusion or exclusion of children, specifically girls, in DDR programs after an armed conflict. The theory is that women involved in the peace process will broaden the issues of negotiations, bring those issues onto the official implementation agenda and ensure that specific issues are written into the agreement. This thesis suggests that because women have different experiences and priorities, women’s and children’s issues, such as including girls in the DDR process, will more likely be brought onto the implementation if women are involved. By taking the research question, what difference can women mediators make when it comes to the inclusion of GAAFAG in DDR programs? as a point of departure, the study analyses three cases: Colombia, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Somalia. Through the Structured Focused Comparison research design, the study asks questions to each case regarding important factors based on the theory; the resources, the mediators, local participation, and formal regulation. The study finds that the DDR process in Colombia both had more women involved and included more children, and girls, in the DDR process. Even though it cannot be fully verified, the results suggest that women involved in peace negotiations can lead to greater inclusion of GAAFAG in DDR processes. While not overlooking the importance of factors such as cultural and historical roots as well as international involvement, as these can affect the outcome as well.
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Höen, Bustos Emma. "When women opt out of politics : Exploring gendered barriers to political candidacy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-312933.
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This study aims to explore women’s perceived barriers to enter politics investigated through a Colombian case study. The Colombian case highlights a paradox common in Latin America where representation levels of women in legislatures are low, but representation in other professions is high. Research on gender and candidate selection has so far mainly focused on applying a macro, top-down perspective and describing objectively defined barriers to women’s political representation. This study changes the perspective and focuses on applying a bottom-up approach, focusing on individual women and their subjective views on barriers to enter politics. The material was collected during an 8-week field study in various locations in Colombia between July and August 2016. The findings suggest that the intersection between socioeconomic factors and gender play a large role in defining barriers to enter politics. Personal as well as systemic factors interoperate to lower both the “supply” and “demand” of candidates. The results also suggest that some professional groups are more likely to reject institutional participation, focusing political efforts on activism, and that families and political parties both serve as “gatekeepers” enabling or disabling political representation. Key words: Gendered barriers to enter politics, political participation and representation, candidate selection, Colombia, clientelism, formal and informal institutions.
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Espinosa, Aranzales Ángela Fernanda [Verfasser], and Katja [Akademischer Betreuer] Radon. "Environmental risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections and respiratory symptoms in pregnant women residing in low income neighborhoods in Bogotá, Colombia / Ángela Fernanda Espinosa Aranzales ; Betreuer: Katja Radon." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1221699210/34.
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Cruz, John J. "Discursos y tensiones sociales en Colombia sobre la moralidad, modernizacion y “deber ser” femenino en el cine silente y publicaciones periodicas durante el periodo de 1886-1930." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534347323918833.
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Botero, Waldor Federico Arias. "Mulheres indígenas da \'Çxhab Wala Kiwe\': relações étnico-racial, gênero e sexualidade nos Andes colombianos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-13102016-150342/.
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Este trabalho busca compreender as ações das mulheres indígenas Nasa da Asociación de Cabildos Indígenas del Norte del Cauca ACIN, que visam melhorar as condições e situações de vida das mulheres nos territórios de resguardo Çxhab Wala Kiwe. A partir da análise de relatos de mulheres que são líderes locais, dos documentos escritos produzidos pela própria organização e relatos etnográficos, tentamos descrever a maneira como surgiu o Programa Mujer da ACIN, como as mulheres vem enfrentando os desafios para tentar eliminar a violência contra elas (em particular a violência sexual), e a maneira como estabelecem relações com organizações de mulheres externas ao mundo indígena. Na análise, o processo de subjetivação das mulheres se choca com o contexto de guerra da região do norte do Cauca. É demonstrado como as mulheres através da história da organização indígena foram consolidando ferramentas e formas de organização no interior do mundo indígena não só para promover a visibilidade do trabalho das mulheres nas comunidades, como para exigir o fim da violência contra as mulheres e seus direitos particulares, promovendo a formação para a participação ativa nas ações coletivas da comunidade. Essas atividades são desenvolvidas a partir da posição comunitariamente assumida de não participação no conflito armado. Apesar disso, o estudo também mostra como a guerra termina por afetar essas comunidades.This text aims to describe the actions which nasa indigenous women - they are part of the Asociación de Cabildo Indigenas del Norte del Cauca ACIN - does to improving situations and conditions of life of women in the reservation territories of the Çxhab Wala Kiwe. The analysis is based on different materials as follows: life story of women leaders, official documents produced by the organization, the literature review, and ethnographic account made during field work. With these materials, the text describes how Programa Mujer of ACIN emerged, facing the challenges of trying to eliminate the violence against women (in particular sexual violence). The description also shows the way these women establish relationships with other organizations outside the indigenous world through the program. In the analysis womans subjectivation processes come up with the context of war of north of Cauca. The description shows how women through the history of the indigenous organization has been consolidating tools and forms of organization within the indigenous world to promote the visibility of womens work demanding an end to the violence against women and particularly their rights. In this sense, one issue emphasized by them is the promotion and training for active participation in collective actions of the community. Despite the fact that these communities state their position of nonparticipation in the armed conflict, the analysis shows how war has an impact in these communities and these activities.
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Svensson, Åsa. "The multiple faces of insecurity : An analysis of security from the Chocoano women's perspective." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Political Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-10374.
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This thesis explores the complexity of the concept “security” in theory and practice. The traditional security concept is replaced by a human-centred security approach in order to analyse women's security,. The stories of Afro-Colombian and indigenous women from the poor and war-torn region Chocó in Colombia demonstrate that the insecurity of the Chocoano women is not only created by the armed conflict in Colombia, but that insecurity fundamentally has its roots in societal structures and systems as well. This thesis argues that the category “woman” is insufficient and that an intersectional approach is the only way to fully understand the Chocoano women’s security and insecurity. In the case of Chocó, the population's ways of relating to the ancestral territories is one example of how ethnicity and culture play a mayor role for their security. The concept human security will be embraced for its recognition of the intimate relation between human rights, development and individual security. Galtung's theory on violence will also be used in order to complete the picture of how the direct and indirect violence that Chocoano women suffer from is reinforced by unequal power relations.
Furthermore, women’s possibilities to act for security, mainly through nongovernmental organizations and the Church, are investigated. The peripheral positions of the Chocoano women in Colombia as well as within their own cultures are found to be barriers to women’s effective participation in security policy. It is also concluded that the relation between security and activism for human rights is rather complex and contradictory in Chocó. Finally, it is argued that there exist several parallel and competing discourses of security. The predominant discourse of security in Colombia ignores many of the dangers that women in Chocó are exposed to. The concept of security must be seriously challenged both in theory and in practice if women’s security is to be guaranteed in Colombia.
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Restrepo, Méndez Margarita Inés [UNESP]. "Transformações territoriais: mulheres camponesas e a expansão do cultivo de palma de óleo em seu território: caso municipio de Marialabaja, Colombia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151069.
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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as mudanças nas atividades produtivas de mulheres rurais Afro-colombianas devido à expansão em seus territórios do cultivo da palma de óleo. Essa expansão é o resultado da dinâmica global de territorialização do capital nas zonas rurais por meio da compra e acumulação de terras por investidores privados, a fim de instalar grandes monoculturas, projetos de infraestrutura e/ou exploração de minerais, para o qual têm recebido o apoio dos governos nacionais com a reorientação de políticas agrícolas que lhes permitem a intervenção em territórios locais. Os países da América Latina, incluindo a Colômbia, não são isentos dessa dinâmica global. Este país tem aumentado as áreas de cultivo da palma de óleo para fins de exportação durante as últimas duas décadas. Isto levou a uma transformação nos meios de vida das comunidades rurais e étnicas, devido à ocupação física e simbólica de seus territórios, à apropriação dos seus recursos, incluindo terra e água, dos quais essas comunidades obtém seu sustento. Essas transformações são vivenciadas de forma diferente nas mulheres camponesas, devido às relações patriarcais-capitalistas e discriminatórias em que vivem, onde a sua voz e reconhecimento tanto no produtivo quanto no reprodutivo é invisível, da mesma maneira que os seus direitos sobre a propriedade dos ativos produtivos. Situações que as levam a uma maior condição de vulnerabilidade, empobrecimento e dependência. Este estudo foi realizado no município de Maríalabaja, cidade localizada no norte da Colômbia. Este município era produtor de uma grande quantidade e variedade de alimentos antes de 1998, quando se começou a instalar o cultivo da palma de óleo. Além disso, a maioria da sua população autodeclara-se camponesa e tem sido afetada pelo conflito armado interno colombiano. Foi usada uma metodologia qualitativa com o objetivo de descrever as atividades realizadas por mulheres pertencentes a organizações de agricultores, antes e após a instalação cultivo da palma de óleo, analisando as transformações vivenciadas por elas, as formas de resistência e os desafios que enfrentam para permanecer no território.
This study aimed to assess changes in the productive activities of Afro Colombian rural women due to the expansion of oil palm plantation in their territories. This expansion is a result of global dynamics of territorialization of capital in rural areas through the purchase and ownership of lands by private investors in order to install large monocrop plantations, infrastructure projects and/or mineral exploration. For which investors have been supported by national governments through the readjustment of agricultural policies that allow them to interfere in local territories. Latin American countries, including Colombia, have not been exempt from global dynamics. This country has increased areas of palm oil plantation to serve exportation purposes during the last two decades, which has led to transformation in the means of living of rural and ethnic communities, due to the physical and symbolic occupation of their territories and the appropriation of their resources, including land and water, from which communities derive their sustenance. These transformations are presented differently on rural women, because of the patriarchal-capitalist and discriminatory societies in which they live, where their voice and recognition to both productive and reproductive aspects are made invisible, as well as their rights to the ownership of the productive assets. Situations that leave them in a more vulnerable condition of impoverishment and dependence. We carried out a qualitative study in the municipality Maríalabaja which is located in Northern Colombia. This town used to produce large quantity and variety of food before 1998 when the setting-up of oil palm plantation started. In addition, the majority of its population considers themselves farmers and has suffered the Colombian internal armed conflict. We aimed to describe the activities carried out by women belonging to farmers' organizations before and after the setting-up of oil palm plantation, and to assess transformations experienced by them in their means of living, ways of resistance and challenges they currently face to remain in the territory.
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las transformaciones en las actividades productivas de mujeres campesinas por la expansión del cultivo de palma de aceite en sus territorios. Dicha expansión es debida a las dinámicas globales de la territorialización del capital en las áreas rurales mediante la compra y acaparamientos de tierras por parte de inversores privados, con el fin de instalar grandes plantaciones de monocultivos, proyectos de infraestructura y/o exploraciones de minerales, para lo cual han contado con el apoyo de los gobiernos nacionales, mediante la reorientación de las políticas públicas agrarias que les permitan la intervención en los territorios locales. Los países latinoamericanos no han estado exentos de éstas dinámicas globales, entre ellos Colombia, el cual ha incrementado las áreas de cultivo de la palma de aceite con fines exportables durante el presente siglo, generando transformaciones en los medios de vidas de las comunidades rurales, campesinas y étnicas, por la ocupación material y simbólica de sus territorios, por la apropiación de sus recursos, entre ellos la tierra y el agua, de los cuales las comunidades derivan el sustento. Estas transformaciones se presentan de manera diferenciada en las mujeres campesinas, por las relaciones patriarcales-capitalistas y discriminatorias en las que viven, en donde su voz y reconocimiento tanto en lo productivo como reproductivo es invisibilizado, al igual que sus derechos en la propiedad de los activos productivos. Situaciones que llevan a empobrecerlas, siendo menos autónomas y más dependientes y vulnerables. Para la presente investigación se recurre a la metodología cualitativa, tomando como estudio de caso el municipio de Maríalabaja, ubicado al norte de Colombia, el cual era productor de gran cantidad y variedad de alimentos antes de 1998 cuando comenzó la instalación del cultivo de palma de aceite, y además caracterizado porque la mayoría de su población ha sufrido el conflicto armado interno colombiano. La investigación pretendió conocer las actividades productivas desarrolladas por las mujeres que pertenecen a organizaciones campesinas antes y después de la instalación del cultivo, analizando las transformaciones vivenciadas por ellas, las formas de resistencia y los desafíos que enfrentan para permanecer en el territorio.
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Angulo, Name Carolina Cecilia. "Responsabilidad internacional en el cumplimiento de las obligaciones de persecución, enjuiciamiento y sanción de los crímenes sexuales en regímenes transicionales. El caso colombiano." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666590.
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Los actos de violencia sexual cometidos de forma masiva y sistemática tanto en las dictaduras como en los conflictos armados no han recibido suficiente atención en cuanto a su persecución y sanción. Si bien la impunidad ha caracterizado tales agresiones, actualmente se observa como la práctica Estatal y la de las organizaciones internacionales la han convertido en un acto indefendible.
El alto grado de reproche internacional que ha alcanzado la violencia sexual, la sobre exigencia de investigación y castigo de sus autores, especialmente si son autoridades del Estado la perfilan como una prohibición de ius cogens.
La tensión que genera el acatamiento de tales obligaciones en procesos de justicia transicional con los grupos armados o políticos nos lleva a preguntarnos por los límites de la capacidad negociadora de los Estados respecto de la justicia de los crímenes sexuales.
A través de un análisis documental, se revisa el régimen de la responsabilidad internacional Estatal aplicable a las obligaciones de sanción y persecución derivadas de una norma que podría ser reconocida como imperativa y se identifican sus posibles implicaciones en los procesos de justicia transicional con especial referencia al caso colombiano.
En primer lugar, se afirma que existe una práctica internacional suficiente que permite establecer el reconocimiento de la prohibición de violencia sexual como norma imperativa de derecho internacional.
En segundo término, esta tesis doctoral propone un marco doctrinal que permite entender el régimen de la responsabilidad internacional estatal aplicable a las obligaciones de persecución y sanción de la flagrante y sistemática transgresión de la prohibición de la violencia sexual en situaciones de transito a la paz o la democracia.
En tercer lugar, se aborda el tratamiento normativo de la violencia sexual masiva y sistemática en la Ley de Justicia y Paz y se proyecta los posibles resultados de la aplicación de la Justicia Especial para la Paz acordada en La Habana.
Al final se determina el ámbito de la responsabilidad internacional del Estado frente a un eventual incumplimiento de tales obligaciones debido a que tal situación resulta factible por los enfrentamientos que surgen entre las exigencias de la comunidad internacional y las expectativas de la justicia local.Els actes de violència sexual comesos de forma massiva i sistemàtica tant en les dictadures com en els conflictes armats no han rebut prou atenció quant a la seva persecució i sanció. Si bé la impunitat s'ha caracteritzat tals agressions, actualment s'observa com la pràctica estatal i la de les organitzacions internacionals l'han convertit en un acte indefensable. L'alt grau de retret internacional que ha assolit la violència sexual, la sobre exigència d'investigació i càstig dels seus autors, especialment si són autoritats de l'Estat la perfilen com una prohibició de ius cogens. La tensió que genera l'acatament d'aquestes obligacions en processos de justícia transicional amb els grups armats o polítics ens porta a preguntar-nos pels límits de la capacitat negociadora dels Estats respecte de la justícia dels crims sexuals. A través d'una anàlisi documental, es revisa el règim de la responsabilitat internacional estatal aplicable a les obligacions de sanció i persecució derivades d'una norma que podria ser reconeguda com imperativa i s'identifiquen les possibles implicacions en els processos de justícia transicional amb especial referència al cas colombià. En primer lloc, s'afirma que hi ha una pràctica internacional suficient que permet establir el reconeixement de la prohibició de violència sexual com a norma imperativa de dret internacional. En segon terme, aquesta tesi doctoral proposa un marc doctrinal que permet entendre el règim de la responsabilitat internacional de l'Estat aplicable a les obligacions de persecució i sanció de la flagrant i sistemàtica transgressió de la prohibició de la violència sexual en situacions de trànsit a la pau o la democràcia. En tercer lloc, s'aborda el tractament normatiu de la violència sexual massiva i sistemàtica en la Llei de Justícia i Pau i es projecta els possibles resultats de l'aplicació de la Justícia Especial per a la Pau acordada a l'Havana. Al final es determina l'àmbit de la responsabilitat de l’Estat davant d'un eventual incompliment de tals obligacions pel fet que aquesta situació resulta factible pels enfrontaments que sorgeixen entre les exigències de la comunitat internacional i les expectatives de la justícia local.
Massive and systematic acts of sexual violence in both dictatorships and armed conflicts have not received enough attention in terms of their prosecution and punishment. Although impunity has characterized such aggressions, it is now observed that State practice and that of international organizations have made it an indefensible act. The high degree of international reproach that has reached sexual violence, the over-demand for investigation and punishment of its perpetrators, especially if they are state authorities, outline it as an ius cogens prohibition. The tension generated by the compliance with such obligations in transitional justice processes with armed or political groups leads us to research the limits of the negotiating capacity of States regarding the justice in sexual crimes. Through a documentary analysis, the regime of State international responsibility applicable to the obligations of sanction and persecution derived from a norm that could be recognized as imperative is reviewed and its possible implications in the transitional justice processes are identified, with special reference to the Case of Colombia. First, it is stated that there is sufficient international practice to establish recognition of the prohibition of sexual violence as a peremptory norm of international law. Second, this doctoral thesis proposes a doctrinal framework that allows understanding the regime of the international responsibility of the State applicable to the obligations of persecution and sanction of the flagrant and systematic breach of the prohibition of sexual violence in situations of transit to the peace or democracy. Thirdly, it addresses the normative treatment of mass and systematic sexual violence in the Justice and Peace Law and projects the eventual results of the application of the Special Justice for Peace agreed in Havana. Finally, the scope of State responsibility is determined by the event of a possible breach of such obligations because that kind of situation is feasible because of the clashes that arise between the demands of the international community and the expectations of local justice.
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Merchan, Sierra Monica. "Nymphes exotiques, indigènes victimes ou créatures vulgaires. Images des femmes grande-colombiennes d'après les voyageurs du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0752/document.
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Mon travail de recherche se propose de combler des lacunes concernant l’iconogaphie des femmes sud-américaines. Etant donné l’absence d’écoles d’art ainsi que d’ateliers d’impression en Grande Colombie jusqu’à la première moitié du XIXe siècle, les images en général sont rares. Quand on en trouve, il s’agit des portraits de quelques femmes extraordinaires comme des saintes ou des épouses des hauts fonctionnaires, donc des représentantes d’une minorité aisée et créole. Les artistes locaux ont surtout peint les grands hommes et notamment les héros des jeunes Républiques. En revanche, sur la vie quotidienne de la plupart des femmes, qu’elles soient Indiennes, Métisses, Noires ou même Créoles, nous n’avons que très peu de témoignages. La Grande Colombie comme la Nouvelle Grenade, par ailleurs, souffrait d’un manque d’attrait. Cette région n’a jamais représentée dans l’imaginaire des voyageurs européens, les richesses légendaires des vice-royautés du Pérou ou de la Nouvelle Espagne (Mexique). C’est seulement à l’orée du XIXe siècle que cette zone équatoriale commence à faire parler d’elle et ce changement significatif est dû au grand voyage scientifique de Humboldt et Bonpland. Grâce à la médiatisation de ces explorateurs, un nombre important de voyageurs français décide de suivre leurs pas. Parmi eux, un petit nombre écrit et publie des récits illustrés. Leurs gravures et lithographies apportent donc les documents nécessaires pour combler en partie le vide pictural féminin. Ces images n’ont jusque là pas suscitées d’études historiques approfondies d’autant qu’elles ont longtemps été considérées comme des simples ornements accompagnant le texte. Cette thèse propose de démontrer, au contraire, le rôle primordial de cette iconographie, sa puissance symbolique et sa contribution au discours qui caractérise alors la littérature de voyage. Qu’elles soient guidées par des observations concrètes ou par la pure imagination, ces descriptions picturales et littéraires permettent de dégager les principaux stéréotypes élaborés sur les femmes grande-colombiennes et ce malgré leur riche multiplicitéThe aim of this thesis is to fill in certain gaps in the iconographic treatment of South American women. Due to the lack of art schools and printing workshops in Gran Colombia through the first half of the nineteenth century, images in general are rare. The existing works are portraits of such extraordinary women as saints or wives of important officials, thus representatives of a wealthy Creole minority. Local artists tended to choose as subjects prominent men, notably the heroes of the young Republics. By contrast, the daily lives of most women, whether Indian, Métis, Black or even Creole, were rarely featured. In addition, like New Granada, Gran Colombia suffered from a relative lack of attractiveness. In the imagination of European travelers this region never represented the legendary wealth of Viceroyalties like Peru or New Spain (Mexico). It was only at the dawn of the nineteenth century that this equatorial zone attracted significant interest due in large part to the great scientific exploration of Humboldt and Bonpland. Thanks to their many publications, a large number of French travelers decided to follow their footsteps. Among them, a small group wrote and published illustrated volumes. Their engravings and lithographs provide the material needed to restore at least partially the lack of female images. To this point such iconography has not generated in-depth historical study, since it has long been considered merely ornamental and secondary to the text. This thesis proposes to demonstrate the contrary by focusing upon the sizeable role of this iconography, its symbolic power and its contribution to the discourse then characteristic of travel literature. Based upon specific observations or drawn purely from imagination, these pictorial and literary descriptions enable the identification of the principal stereotypes developed to characterize Gran Colombian women, despite the fact of their rich cultural multiplicity
La presente tesis busca llenar algunos vacíos existentes en los estudios sobre la representación iconográfica de las mujeres suramericanas. Debido a la ausencia de escuelas de Bellas Artes y talleres de impresión en la Gran Colombia hasta mediados del siglo XIX, la producción general de imágenes era escasa. Los artistas locales apostaban por retratar a hombres influyentes, particularmente los héroes de la naciente República, y las pocas obras sobre mujeres que se realizaban correspondían a santas o esposas de los altos funcionarios, representantes de la opulenta minoría criolla. Son entonces pocos los testimonios iconográficos que se conservan de la vida cotidiana de la mayoría de las mujeres de origen amerindio, mestizo, negro e incluso criollo. La Gran Colombia sufría además de la misma falta de atracción que aisló durante siglos a la Nueva Granada: en el imaginario de los viajeros europeos, la región no se comparaba con la legendaria riqueza de los virreinatos de Perú y Nueva España. Sólo hasta principios del siglo XIX, la América equinoccial se convirtió en un centro de interés tras las expediciones científicas de Humboldt y Bonpland. Gracias a sus múltiples publicaciones, varios viajeros franceses decidieron seguir sus pasos, publicando, además, sus relatos de viaje ilustrados con grabados y litografías. Unos trabajos que proveen el material necesario para suplir, al menos parcialmente, la ausencia de imágenes femeninas en la Gran Colombia. Hasta la fecha, esta iconografía no ha generado estudios históricos específicos pues ha sido considerada siempre ornamental y secundaria frente al texto de los relatos. El objetivo de este estudio es entonces demostrar lo contrario, revelando su papel protagónico, su poder simbólico y su influencia en el discurso literario característico de los relatos de viajeros. Por tanto, ya sean inspiradas por la imaginación o guiadas por la observación empírica, las descripciones pictóricas y literarias de estos relatos permiten la identificación de los principales estereotipos elaborados sobre las mujeres grancolombianas a pesar de su heterogeneidad cultural
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Isaza, Castro Jairo Guillermo. "Occupational segregation, gender wage differences and trade reforms : empirical applications for urban Columbia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/44798/.
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This DPhil thesis comprises three empirical essays that survey the evolution of gender differences in the labour market of urban Colombia since the 1980s. The first essay examines the evolution of gender segregation using occupational indices between 1986 and 2004, and presents a decomposition of their changes over time using a technique proposed by Deutsch et al. (2006). We find that a substantial proportion of the reduction in segregation indices is driven by changes in both the employment structure of occupations and the increasing participation of female labour observed over these years. The second essay assesses the effects of occupational segregation on the gender wage gap in urban Colombia between 1984 and 1999. The empirical strategy involves the estimation of a counterfactual distribution of female workers across occupations, as if they had been treated the same as their male counterparts. This provides a basis to formulate a decomposition of the gender wage gap in which the explained and unexplained portions of the gender distribution of jobs are explicitly incorporated. The results indicate that the unequal distribution of women and men across occupations actually helps, on average, to reduce gender pay differences in urban Colombia, particularly in the ‘informal' segment where the labour income differential between women and men is the largest. The third and final essay examines the effects of trade liberalisation on the gender composition of employment across manufacturing industries in urban Colombia from 1981 to 2000. The empirical strategy involves a comparison of estimates drawn from different panel data techniques. As a main finding, we verify that increasing trade flows are associated with higher proportions of female employment.
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Noguera, Margarita Sofia. "Memoria cultural e histórica afrocolombiana en La Trilogía de Urabá de Marta Rodríguez y Fernando Restrepo." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10288.
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Ce mémoire de maîtrise a pour objectif de réaliser l’analyse de l’œuvre La Trilogía de Urabá des cinéastes colombiens Marta Rodríguez et Fernando Restrepo en considérant la notion de « mémoire » et comment celle-ci se développe dans ces documentaires à travers des témoignages et des pratiques culturelles comme les chroniques chantées, le dessin et la danse. Dans les films qui composent la trilogie, la mémoire se présente comme un mécanisme de résistance contre la violence subie par la population civile pendant le conflit armé en Colombie, époque durant laquelle la population civile a été sans cesse massacrée et forcée à abandonner son territoire. Notre analyse considère notamment le rôle que les documentaires attribuent aux femmes afro-colombiennes dans la construction de la mémoire culturelle et historique, étant donné que leurs témoignages dévoilent leur grand effort de résistance contre la violence. En second lieu, notre analyse vise à montrer comment La Trilogía de Urabá inscrit la mémoire culturelle dans la mémoire historique colombienne.In this master's thesis we examine a trilogy of documentary films entitled: La Trilogía de Urabá by Colombian filmmakers Marta Rodriguez and Fernando Restrepo, and consider how “memory” is developed in these documentaries through testimonies and cultural practices such as sung chronicles, drawing and dance. In this trilogy, memory appears as a mechanism of resistance against widespread violence suffered by millions during the armed conflict in Colombia, a period in which civilians were massacred and forced to abandon their lands. Our analysis highlights the role of Afro-Colombian women in the construction of historical and cultural memory, and displays how their testimonies constitute acts of resistance against violence. In addition, this thesis shows how La Trilogía de Urabá inscribes cultural memory into the collective Colombian historical memory.
Esta memoria tiene como principal objetivo analizar la obra La Trilogía de Urabá de los documentalistas Marta Rodríguez y Fernando Restrepo considerando la noción de “memoria” y cómo ésta se desarrolla en ella a través de testimonios y prácticas culturales (crónicas cantadas, dibujo y danza). En las cintas que componen la trilogía, la memoria se presenta como una forma de resistencia contra la violencia sufrida por la población civil durante los años de conflicto armado en Colombia, época en la que la población civil fue repetidamente masacrada y forzada a abandonar sus territorios. Nuestro análisis considera especialmente el papel que los documentales otorgan a las mujeres afro-colombianas en la construcción de la memoria cultural e histórica, pues sus testimonios revelan su importante labor de resistencia contra la violencia. En segundo lugar, nuestro análisis apunta a cómo La Trilogía de Urabá inscribe esta memoria cultural en la memoria histórica colombiana.
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Mendez, ANDREA. "Militarized Gender Performativity: Women and Demobilization in Colombia’s FARC and AUC." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7507.
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Abstract
Women are usually represented as victims in the literature on conflict and conflict resolution. While women are indeed victims of violence in the context of conflict, this representation excludes the experiences of women who have joined and fought in illegal armed groups. Little is known about the lives of women who fight alongside men in illegal militarized organizations. These women are often overlooked during peace negotiations and in the design and implementation of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration programs, affecting their conditions and experiences during the transition to civilian life. The Colombian conflict presents an important case study regarding the militarization of women in illegal armed groups, and the experience of demobilization, and is the focus of this dissertation. To address this case study, the concept of “militarized gender performativity” is advanced, drawing on the works of Cynthia Enloe and Judith Butler. In the Colombian case, both left–wing and right–wing armed groups have incorporated women into their ranks. This research elucidates the effects of non–state militarism on the social processes that produce and reproduce gender systems in two of Colombia’s illegal armed groups, uncovering how the FARC and the AUC construct, negotiate, challenge, or reinforce gender roles. The research indicates that there are significant differences in the way this is done. Interviews with ex–combatants from the FARC and the AUC show that women’s sexuality plays a central role in the militarization of women combatants in both organizations, but there are specific policies that establish the nature of the relationships in each group. These differences represent distinct militarized femininities which maintain aspects of traditional gender relations while transforming others according to the needs of the organization in question. The transformation of gender identities in each of the armed groups reveals the performative nature of gender roles in a militarized context.Thesis (Ph.D, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-25 09:45:29.283
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Wills, O. María Emma. "Las trayectorias femeninas y feministas hacia lo público en Colombia (1970-2000): inclusión sin representación?" Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1455.
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Wills, O. María Emma Dietz Henry A. "Las trayectorias femeninas y feministas hacia lo público en Colombia (1970-2000) inclusión sin representación? /." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3143490.
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Escobar, Maria Luisa. "Demand for health services in Colombia: The choice of provider by women of child-rearing age." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16438.
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This research analyzes the factors influencing choice and the determinants of women's health services demand. Demand for health services in Colombia is practically unexplored, and there appear to be no studies of demand for health services by women of child rearing age in Colombia. The Colombian National Health Study of 1980 (Estudio Nacional de Salud-1980) is the data base used, supplemented by hospital data from the Ministry of Health. After a description of the Colombian Health System, the choice between traditional and modern care is studied for prenatal care, and for child's delivery assistance, emphasizing differences among insured and non-insured women. The first part of the study estimates demand schedules through a logistic specification. The choice of institutional setting for child's delivery assistance, conditional upon the prior decision of using modern care, is studied through a nested multinomial logit specification for women in different regions of the country and for urban and rural women as well. Expected prices for a delivery are estimated for all choices women face.
Only few recent studies have found demand for modern health services to be price elastic and dependent on income level; this is also the case in some of the regions of Colombia. Moreover, demand for health services becomes less price elastic as income increases. Demand for Private care is generally more price elastic than demand for other types of care, and in some cases demand for Public care is significantly price elastic at lower income levels. Lower income women rely on Public hospitals when they have decided against traditional care. Then, price changes for Public care would have larger welfare effects on lower income groups.
Urban women of high income groups often use Public care, indicating that government subsidies are favoring better-off sectors of the population. Meanwhile, rural women rely heavily on home care, even at higher income levels.
A more rational price system for services at social security hospitals would not reduce significantly women's welfare; higher prices would help to provide better quality services and/or permit cost recovery for those institutions which very often find themselves in financial trouble.
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Olszowy, Kathryn M. "The nutrition transition in women of Cali, Colombia: Changes in nutritional status between 1987 and 2007." Thesis, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1464523.
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Schmucker, Bula Cecilia. "La mujer Wayuu, en la cultura colombiana ,tejedora de kanasus y de esperanzas." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22442.
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Restrepo, Méndez Margarita Inés. "Transformações territoriais : mulheres camponesas e a expansão do cultivo de palma de óleo em seu território: caso municipio de Marialabaja, Colombia /." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151069.
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Orientador: Bernadete Aparecida Caprioglio de CastroResumen: La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las transformaciones en las actividades productivas de mujeres campesinas por la expansión del cultivo de palma de aceite en sus territorios. Dicha expansión es debida a las dinámicas globales de la territorialización del capital en las áreas rurales mediante la compra y acaparamientos de tierras por parte de inversores privados, con el fin de instalar grandes plantaciones de monocultivos, proyectos de infraestructura y/o exploraciones de minerales, para lo cual han contado con el apoyo de los gobiernos nacionales, mediante la reorientación de las políticas públicas agrarias que les permitan la intervención en los territorios locales. Los países latinoamericanos no han estado exentos de éstas dinámicas globales, entre ellos Colombia, el cual ha incrementado las áreas de cultivo de la palma de aceite con fines exportables durante el presente siglo, generando transformaciones en los medios de vidas de las comunidades rurales, campesinas y étnicas, por la ocupación material y simbólica de sus territorios, por la apropiación de sus recursos, entre ellos la tierra y el agua, de los cuales las comunidades derivan el sustento. Estas transformaciones se presentan de manera diferenciada en las mujeres campesinas, por las relaciones patriarcales-capitalistas y discriminatorias en las que viven, en donde su voz y reconocimiento tanto en lo productivo como reproductivo es invisibilizado, al igual que sus derechos en la propiedad de lo... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo)
Resumo: A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as mudanças nas atividades produtivas de mulheres rurais Afro-colombianas devido à expansão em seus territórios do cultivo da palma de óleo. Essa expansão é o resultado da dinâmica global de territorialização do capital nas zonas rurais por meio da compra e acumulação de terras por investidores privados, a fim de instalar grandes monoculturas, projetos de infraestrutura e/ou exploração de minerais, para o qual têm recebido o apoio dos governos nacionais com a reorientação de políticas agrícolas que lhes permitem a intervenção em territórios locais. Os países da América Latina, incluindo a Colômbia, não são isentos dessa dinâmica global. Este país tem aumentado as áreas de cultivo da palma de óleo para fins de exportação durante as últimas duas décadas. Isto levou a uma transformação nos meios de vida das comunidades rurais e étnicas, devido à ocupação física e simbólica de seus territórios, à apropriação dos seus recursos, incluindo terra e água, dos quais essas comunidades obtém seu sustento. Essas transformações são vivenciadas de forma diferente nas mulheres camponesas, devido às relações patriarcais-capitalistas e discriminatórias em que vivem, onde a sua voz e reconhecimento tanto no produtivo quanto no reprodutivo é invisível, da mesma maneira que os seus direitos sobre a propriedade dos ativos produtivos. Situações que as levam a uma maior condição de vulnerabilidade, empobrecimento e dependência. Este estudo foi realizado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study aimed to assess changes in the productive activities of Afro Colombian rural women due to the expansion of oil palm plantation in their territories. This expansion is a result of global dynamics of territorialization of capital in rural areas through the purchase and ownership of lands by private investors in order to install large monocrop plantations, infrastructure projects and/or mineral exploration. For which investors have been supported by national governments through the readjustment of agricultural policies that allow them to interfere in local territories. Latin American countries, including Colombia, have not been exempt from global dynamics. This country has increased areas of palm oil plantation to serve exportation purposes during the last two decades, which has led to transformation in the means of living of rural and ethnic communities, due to the physical and symbolic occupation of their territories and the appropriation of their resources, including land and water, from which communities derive their sustenance. These transformations are presented differently on rural women, because of the patriarchal-capitalist and discriminatory societies in which they live, where their voice and recognition to both productive and reproductive aspects are made invisible, as well as their rights to the ownership of the productive assets. Situations that leave them in a more vulnerable condition of impoverishment and dependence. We carried out a qualitative study ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Pierobon, Ermenegilda. "Trasgressione e consenso nella vocazione realistica di una scrittrice ottocentesca : Itinerario Artistico della Marchesa Colombi (Maria Antonietta Torriani, 1840-1920)." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15782.
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Il presente lavoro si propane di portare un contributo critico
all'opera della Colombi, delineandone quegli aspetti salienti che
caratterizzano la sua partecipazione alla scena letteraria come donna e
come professionista.
Le sue scelte poetiche, basate sull'ideale di un'intima,
inscindibile unita donna-parola-lingua e sull'armoniosa corrispondenza
vita-arte, contribuiscono ad acuire il confl itto con il repressivo e
misogino ambiente ottocentesco. Si crea una continua tensione tra la
tendenza all'adeguamento impasto dalla priorita di difendere la propria
presenza e l'altrettanto forte spinta alla trasgressione come necessita
di salvaguardare la coerenza a se stessa. L'ambivalenza vissuta verso
il padre, depositario dell 'ordine sociale, si riflette, coerentemente con
le premesse poetiche, nelle polemiche condotte nei confronti dei padri
della letteratura. Se queste ultime tendono a rimanere contenute a
livello metatestuale, in genera le, il genuino ed autentico messaggio
letterario viene soprattutto espresso attraverso il gusto antifrastico
dell'ironia ea livello metaforico e simbolico.
La messa in luce della repressione e della morte dei valori
femminili, la creativita intellettuale e fisica, che costituiscono la
vera essenza dell'individuo e della stessa esistenza umana, va di pari
passo con la maturazione di un sofferto compromesso con le dure leggi
imposte dalla vita. Dalla crudelta di lavori alienanti alla brutale
caduta degli ideali e dell'amore, si raggiunge, con le opere maggiori,
un rinnovato equilibrio vita-arte che, nella sublimazione delle
esperienze di morte, eleva l'espressione artistica a piano ultimo di
salvezza e di realizzazione individuale. Nell'affermazione di un'arte firmata al femminile e posta al servizio della giustizia e della verita,
si consuma cosi la disobbedienza nei confronti di ogni forma arbitraria
di potere. Connotato al maschile, esso viene evidenziato nei suoi
effetti deleteri ed alienanti anche nella connivenza e mancanza di una
reale autenticita delle stesse donne, in particolare le madri.
Dall'analisi dell'opera della Colombi emerge l'immagine di una
scrittrice che si distingue non solo per la sua originalita e
complessita, ma anche per l'indubbia modernita sia di stile che di
problematicheThe aim of the present study is to offer a critical contribution on the writings of the Marchesa Colombi by tracing and developing those aspects of her work which best characterise her personality as a woman and as a writer. Her poetical choices, based on the ideal of an intimate, indivisible unity of woman-word-language and on the harmonious correlation between life and art, focus sharply on her conflict with the repressive and misogynist ambience of nineteenth-century Italy. Her works reveal a constant tension between the need to adapt in order to defend her own presence (as a writer) and the urge to transgress as a means to safeguard her inner, personal coherence. The author's ambivalence towards the father, depositary of the social order, is further reflected, in keeping with her poetical vision, in the polemical debates held with the fathers of Italian literature. Whereas these debates remain embedded within a metatextual discourse, the genuine and authentic message of her works is generally expressed on the metaphorical and symbolic levels and by an extensive antiphrastic use of irony. The need to stress the repression and death of feminine values, the intellectual and physical creativity which constitute the true essence of the individual, goes hand in hand with the artist's achievement of maturity as a painful compromise with the hard rules imposed by life. From the cruelty of a alienating labour to the brutal collapse of her ideals and of love, Colombi is able to achieve in her major works a new form of balance between life and art which, by sublimating the experience of death, elevates the artistic expression to the heights of personal salvation and of self-realization. By affirming her art as a product of the feminine mind at the service of justice and truth, she plays out her disobedience against all arbitrary forms of power. This study of the works of the Marchesa Colombi reveals the image of a writer who distinguishes herself not only for her originality and complexity but also for the marked modernity both in her style and in her choice of subject
Department of Classics & Modern European Languages
D.Litt. et Phil. (Italian)