Journal articles: 'Colombian women'

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Suárez-Baquero, Daniel F. M., and Jane Dimmitt Champion. "Accompanying the Path of Maternity: The Life History of a Colombian Doula." Journal of Perinatal Education 30, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/j-pe-d-20-00038.

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Doulas have fundamentally improved the health-care experience of pregnant women internationally. Women who recognize the importance of not being alone during pregnancy have embraced this role for centuries. However, less is known about doulas practicing in countries experiencing health inequities like Colombia. Miller's methodology and Atkinson's interview domain was used to answer the question “What life experiences led a Colombian woman to become a doula?” A central theme emerged, “A calling from within: Growing up to accompany the transition from woman to mother.” The path to becoming a doula evolved from life experiences involving health inequities, and a sense of femininity, maternity, and the women's role in rural Colombia.

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Sarmiento, Olga L., Andrea Ramirez, Belén Samper Kutschbach, Paula L. Pinzón, Sandra García, Angie C. Olarte, Tatiana Mosquera, Eduardo Atalah, Gabriel Ojeda, and Yibby Forero. "Nutrition in Colombian pregnant women." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 6 (January 5, 2012): 955–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011003399.

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AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of pregnant women in Colombia and the associations between gestational BMI and sociodemographic and gestational characteristics.DesignCross-sectional study. A secondary analysis was made of data from the 2005 Demographic and Health Survey of Colombia.SettingBogotá, Colombia.SubjectsPregnant adolescents aged 13–19 years (n 430) and pregnant women aged 20–49 years (n 1272).ResultsThe gestational BMI and sociodemographic characteristics of the adolescents differed from those of the pregnant adult women. Thirty-one per cent of the adolescents were underweight for gestational age, compared with 14·5 % of the adult women. Eighteen per cent of adolescents were overweight for gestational age, in contrast to 37·3 % of adult women. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 44·7 % and the prevalence of low serum ferritin was 38·8 %. Women within the high quintiles of the wealth index (prevalence odds ratio (POR) = 0·56; 95 % CI 0·34, 0·91, P < 0·02) had lower odds of being underweight. Women who received prenatal care (POR = 2·17; 95 % CI 1·48, 3·09, P < 0·001) and were multiparous (POR = 2·10; 95 % CI 1·43, 3·15, P < 0·0 0 1) had higher odds of being overweight. Women in extended families (POR = 0·63; 95 % CI 0·50, 0·95, P < 0·025) had lower odds of being overweight.ConclusionsUnderweight in pregnant adolescents and overweight in adult women coexist as a double burden in Colombia. Factors associated with malnutrition among pregnant women and adolescents should be considered for future interventions in countries experiencing nutritional transition.

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Spurr, G. B., J. C. Reina, S. J. Li, B. de Orozco, and D. L. Dufour. "Body composition of Colombian women." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60, no. 2 (August 1, 1994): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/60.2.279.

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Fisher, Jo. "Colombian women prisoners in Britain." Gender & Development 1, no. 2 (June 1993): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09682869308519971.

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Valderrama-Burgos, Karol. "Transgressive Female Sexuality and Desire in Contemporary Colombian Cinema: Hermida’s La luciérnaga and Rodríguez’s Señoritas." Latin American Perspectives 48, no. 2 (March 2021): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x20988716.

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The contemporary Colombian films made by women La luciérnaga (Hermida, 2016) and Señoritas (Rodríguez, 2013) subvert patriarchal gender norms of classic Colombian film narratology through their representation of lesbianism, female sexual self-exploration, and orgasms. The cinematic techniques of these filmmakers construct a specific view of female pleasure, emphasizing the plurality and visibility in cinema of female sexuality and desire. An interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of specific sequences suggests that the aesthetics and visual strategies of these women filmmakers evince pioneering female characters and subjectivities that challenge the traditional gaze on female bodies. Their films offer liberating representations that deconstruct the dominant basis of heteronormativity that has historically characterized Colombian narrative cinema. La luciérnaga (Hermida, 2016) y Señoritas (Rodríguez, 2013), dos películas colombianas contemporáneas realizadas por mujeres, subvierten las normas patriarcales de la narratología clásica del cine colombiano a través de su representación del lesbianismo, la autoexploración sexual femenina y los orgasmos. Las técnicas cinematográficas empleadas construyen una visión específica del placer femenino, haciendo hincapié en la pluralidad y visibilidad de la sexualidad y el deseo femenino. Un análisis de secuencias específicas con enfoque interdisciplinario sugiere que la estética y las estrategias visuales de estas cineastas evidencian personajes femeninos pioneros y subjetividades que desafían la mirada tradicional sobre los cuerpos femeninos. Las películas muestran representaciones liberadoras que deconstruyen la base heteronormativa dominante que históricamente ha caracterizado al cine narrativo colombiano.

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Monterrosa-Castro, Alvaro, Katherin Portela-Buelvas, Heidi C. Oviedo, Edwin Herazo, and Adalberto Campo-Arias. "Differential Item Functioning of the Psychological Domain of the Menopause Rating Scale." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8790691.

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Introduction.Quality of life could be quantified with the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), which evaluates the severity of somatic, psychological, and urogenital symptoms in menopause. However, differential item functioning (DIF) analysis has not been applied previously.Objective. To establish the DIF of the psychological domain of the MRS in Colombian women.Methods. 4,009 women aged between 40 and 59 years, who participated in the CAVIMEC (Calidad de Vida en la Menopausia y Etnias Colombianas) project, were included. Average age was49.0±5.9years. Women were classified in mestizo, Afro-Colombian, and indigenous. The results were presented as averages and standard deviation (X±SD). Apvalue <0.001 was considered statistically significant.Results. In mestizo women, the highestX±SDwere obtained in physical and mental exhaustion (PME) (0.86±0.93) and the lowest ones in anxiety (0.44±0.79). In Afro-Colombian women, an average score of0.99±1.07for PME and0.63±0.88for anxiety was gotten. Indigenous women obtained an increased average score for PME (1.33±0.93). The lowest score was evidenced in depressive mood (0.50±0.81), which is different from other Colombian women (p<0.001).Conclusions. The psychological items of the MRS show differential functioning according to the ethnic group, which may induce systematic error in the measurement of the construct.

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Campo-Arias, Adalberto, Edwin Herazo, Jaider Alfonso Barros-Bermúdez, Germán Eduardo Rueda-Jaimes, and Luis Alfonso Díaz-Martínez. "Common Mental Disorders in Colombian Women*." Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría 40, no. 2 (June 2011): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-7450(14)60121-9.

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Yoshida, Keina, and Lina M. Céspedes-Báez. "The nature of Women, Peace and Security: a Colombian perspective." International Affairs 97, no. 1 (January 2021): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa173.

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Abstract On 12 November 2019, the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP), handed down a landmark decision in the case of ‘Katsa Su’ concerning the Awa indigenous group in Colombia. The Colombian conflict has particularly affected indigenous groups, such as the Awa people, and has also affected the territory in which they live. In this article, we explore the decision of the JEP, within a broader analysis of the Colombian peace agreement and consider how it might help us to think about the place of the environment in the Women, Peace and Security agenda and in international law. We call for a gendered and intersectional approach to environmental peacebuilding which is attentive to the importance of gender and different groups. Further, we highlight how the Colombian example shows how concepts such as relief, recovery and reparations are often confined in international law to women's recovery and redress with respect to sexual violence and yet, this conceptualization should be much broader. The Katsa Su case provides an example of the fact that reparations and redress must address other forms of violence, spiritual and ecological, which women also suffer in times of conflict.

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Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime, Olga M. Agudelo, and Eliana M. Arango. "Asymptomatic plasmodial infection in Colombian pregnant women." Acta Tropica 172 (August 2017): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.030.

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Jiménez-Bautista, Francisco. "Criminalidad y violencia en América Latina: el caso de las mujeres colombianas en las prisiones de España." Respuestas 20, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.357.

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Antecedentes: Este artículo pretende estudiar y analizar la población extranjera de mujeres que cumplen condena en las prisiones españolas. El colectivo de reclusas latinoamericanas es el más numeroso, siendo las colombianas las que presentan el porcentaje más elevado. Objetivo: El objetivo es intentar conectar algunas situaciones de criminalidad de estas mujeres con su relación desde y hacia América Latina, y principalmente con Colombia.Metodología: La metodología utilizada se basa en un enfoque multimétodo donde se han empleado varios instrumentos dentro del Proyecto sobre «Mujeres reclusas drogodependientes» [EDU2009-13408] realizado en toda España a través de cuestionarios y entrevistas. Resultados: Los resultados de esta investigación evidencian las vinculaciones delictivas contra la salud pública que desde la feminización de la pobreza se enlazan con diferentes formas de violencia (directa, estructural y cultural). Conclusiones: Las mujeres colombianas –dentro de las de América Latina- constituyen el grupo principal de mujeres dentro del ámbito penitenciario español. La tipología delictiva es el tráfico de drogas (en especial sustancias como la cocaína y el cannabis), que puede estar relacionada con la feminización de la pobreza y el sostenimiento familiar.Abstract Background: This article aims to study and analyze the foreign population of women serving sentences in Spanish prisons. The group of Latin American inmates is the largest, being Colombian women the highest percentage present. Objective: The objective is to attempt to connect some crime situations of these women with their relationship to and from Latin America, mainly in Colombia. Methodology: The methodology employed is based on a multi-method approach where various instruments have been applied within the project on “Women inmates addicts” [EDU2009-13408] performed throughout Spain by questionnaires and interviews. Results: The results of this research evidence crime against public health linkages that bind to different forms of violence (direct, structural and cultural) from the feminization of poverty. Conclusions: Colombian women – within those of Latin America– are the main group of women within the Spanish prisons. The main type of crime is drug trafficking (particularly substances such as cocaine and cannabis), which may be related to the feminization of poverty and family support.Palabras clave: Colombia, feminización de la pobreza, género, población reclusa, tráfico de drogas

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Lozano Lerma, Betty Ruth. "Violencias contra las mujeres negras: Neo conquista y neo colonización de territorios y cuerpos en la región del Pacífico colombiano." La Manzana de la Discordia 11, no. 1 (April 22, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v11i1.1630.

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Resumen: En este ensayo cuestiono la apreciación generalizada por parte de funcionarios y funcionarias del Estado colombiano de que los asesinatos de mujeres que se suceden en número alarmante en los últimos 10 años en Buenaventura, no son más que violencia intrafamiliar y que la crueldad con la que son cometidos son solo expresión de prácticas culturales tradicionalmente violentas de las comunidades negras que allí habitan. Me pr0pongo probar que la violencia contra las mujeres es parte de la estrategia de desterritorialización de la población negra por parte del capitalismo global que necesita de esos territorios para la ejecución de sus megaproyectos de gran inversión. Planteo que lo que se vive hoy en la ciudad colombiana de Buenaventura es un proceso de neo conquista y neo colonización de los territorios, los cuerpos y los imaginarios de sus habitantes, las comunidades negras e indígenas. Palabras claves: violencia, mujeres negras, desterritorialización, población negra, neo colonización. Violence against Black Women: Neo Conquest and Neo Colonization of Territory and Bodies in the Colombian Pacific Region Abstract: In this essay I question the widespread acceptance by Colombian government officials of the murders of women, occurring in alarming numbers over the last 10 years in Buenaventura, Colombia’s main port on the Pacific, as being merely domestic violence and that the ruthlessness with which these murders are being committed are simply an expression of a tradition of violent cultural practices within the black communities living there. I aim to show that this violence against women is part of the strategy of deterritorialization of the black population on the part of global capitalism in order to obtain territory needed to implement their large investment megaprojects. I argue what is happening today in the Colombian city of Buenaventura is a process of neo conquest and neo colonization of territories, bodies and imaginaries of its inhabitants, the black and indigenous communities. Key words: Violence, black women, deterritorialization, black people, neo colonization

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Navia Velasco, Carmiña. "Las historias literarias colombianas y los estudios de género." La Manzana de la Discordia 4, no. 2 (March 16, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v4i2.1451.

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Resumen: Se aborda la discusión sobre las historiasliterarias colombianas en relación con el concepto delcanon a partir de la pregunta por el lugar que ocupa laproducción literaria femenina en las concepciones sobrelo que ha sido la literatura en este país. Se examinan, ala luz de de la categoría de género, los procesosliterarios que han configurado la tradición canónicaen el país, constatando cómo se han ignorado las vocesde las mujeres y con ello, sus textos se han perdido muchasveces. Este panorama comienza a cambiar con el trabajocrítico de María Mercedes Jaramillo, Angela InésRobledo, Flor María Rodríguez Arenas, Betty Osorio deNegret, Luisa Ballesteros. En su trabajo se repiensan lasbases de la nación moderna, desde una perspectiva quequiere integrar discursos que han permanecido periféricos.Se emplea el concepto de campo literario desarrolladopor Pierre Bourdieu, en el cual es central laproblemática de la distribución de capital cultural ypoder para examinar la posición de las mujeres en elcampo literario colombiano. Finalmente, se orienta laindagación hacia la recepción: ¿Cómo fueron recepcionadaslas obras escritas por mujeres? ¿Qué posibilidadestuvieron de circulación? ¿Desde qué presupuestosfueron leídas? La consideración concienzudade estas interrogantes permitirá construir una visión másamplia y más real del pueblo y de la cultura en Colombia.Palabras clave: historia literaria, canon, género,mujeres, campo literario, recepciónAbstract: This article discusses Colombian literaryhistory in relation to the concept of the canon, startingout from the question about the place the literaryproduction by women occupies in the conceptions aboutliterature in this country. In light of the category ofgender, the literary processes that have given shape tothe canonic tradition in Colombia are examined,discovering how women’s voices have been ignored,leading often to the loss of their literary texts. Thispanorama begins to change with the critical work ofMaría Mercedes Jaramillo, Angela Inés Robledo, FlorMaría Rodríguez Arenas, Betty Osorio de Negret, LuisaBallesteros, where the bases of the modern nation isrethought, from a perspective that would integratediscourses that have remained peripheral.The concept of literary field advanced by PierreBourdieu, in which the problem of the distribution ofcapital and power is central, is used to examine theposition of women in the Colombia literary field. Howwere the works by women received? What possibilitiesdid they have of being distributed? From whatpresuppositions were they read? The conscientiousconsideration of these questions will allow for theconstruction of a wider view of the Colombian peopleand their culture.Key words: literary history, canon, gender, women,literary field, reception

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Hüttinger, Arantxa Rosa. "The Migration-Development-Nexus from a gender-sensitive perspective: The Case of Colombian Women in Catalonia." Análisis Jurídico - Político 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/26655489.4321.

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This article focuses on analyzing the transnational activities of Colombian women living in Catalonia in order to determine if this migrant collective can be defined as transnational agent of development and social change. The research is based on the theoretical debates held on the Migration-Development-Nexus and the transnational migration paradigm. According to this paradigm, migrants create transnational social fields that link together their society of origin and destination through multi-stranded relations like the sending of remittance to their families, the creation of businesses and networks or the exchange of ideas and skills. Those elements can thus promote the development in both societies. In order to conduct the research, the article takes two key components into account that are crucial to understand the linkage between migration and development in the Colombian case: a) The armed conflict, that has lead to the forced and voluntary displacement of millions of Colombians as well as the post-conflict settings and their impact in the creation of transnational fields; b) The role that gender affects the situation and condition of migrants, as the Colombian migrant collective is characterized by a high degree of feminization.

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Reyes, Maria, Maldonado Daniela, Méndez Carlos, Maria Ariza, Vannesa Arias, and Isabella Pachon. "Aging and Old Age in Colombian Trans Women: A Grounded Theory Approach." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.991.

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Abstract Trans people around the world represent one of the most marginalized and stigmatized groups in society who are at high risk of discrimination, violence and abuse (White Hughto, Reisner, & Pachankis, 2015). In Colombia, older adults face a situation of vulnerability and poverty, and this situation is even more dramatic for older people with diverse gender identities. The research focused on understanding the challenges that a group of Colombian trans women experience in the process of aging and old age. An exploratory qualitative research project was carried out using constructionist Grounded Theory. Twenty five trans-women from 50 to 67 years old who live in Bogotá, Colombia participated. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The results address three main research questions: (a) How the participants overcome the life expectancy and achieve middle and older adulthood? (b) What are the barriers the participants faced in the aging process? (c) How do the group of Colombian trans women imagine and considered a successful aging? The results evidenced that the process of aging of the participants was influenced by six psycho-socio-cultural categories. A central category that was identified as opportunity, which was influenced by five categories: a) Violence, discrimination and transphobia, b) Transit process, c) Personal strengths d) Mobilization and activism and e) experience and perception the old age. Discussion. The challenges that the participants experienced were those associated with the process of aging and to their gender identity. Trans women achieve middle and old adulthood for their personal strengths, activism and mobilization.

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Cabezas Sarmiento, Karen Michell. "De masculinidades, distorsiones y fracturas. Una mirada a tres obras de dramaturgas colombianas." Catedral Tomada. Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana 8, no. 15 (January 5, 2021): 176–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ct/2020.471.

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The man’s behavior in society is regulated by the concept of masculinity. This is a cultural concept which varies according to the place where the man grows up. In Colombia, the masculinity concept is permeated by the reality of armed conflict. In this context, masculinity has three fundamental characteristics: heterosexual, vigorous, provider/protector. In this article, the Colombian masculinity concept is analyzed in three contemporary Colombian plays written by women. This analysis allows for understanding the theater as the scenery where the masculinity concept can be broken. Also, a scenery where the society can recognize the multiplicity of masculinities which live in men.

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Ayala, Erika Tatiana, and Eduardo Gabriel Osorio-Sánchez. "La mujer como víctima y actor del conflicto armado en Colombia." Revista Perspectivas 1, no. 1 (January 13, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/25909215.972.

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Resumen El artículo tiene como objetivo visibilizar las consecuencias del conflicto armado interno en la mujer colombiana, reflexionando en torno a los hechos victimizantes a los que ha sido sometido el colectivo femenino y las políticas públicas planteadas o desarrolladas como mecanismo de reparación integral a las víctimas. Para tal fin se utilizó como metodología la revisión documental seguida de la sistematización y selección de la información obtenida para su posterior análisis, a través del cual se obtuvo como resultado relevante la continuidad de los riesgos y la vulneración de los derechos y libertades fundamentales contra las mujeres derivados del conflicto armado colombiano, pese a los adelantos en materia de superación de la impunidad, dejando en evidencia la necesidad de establecer políticas estatales integrales.Palabras clave: Derechos humanos, conflicto armado, violencia sexual, mujer, reparación integral AbstractThe article seeks to make visible the consequences of the internal armed conflict on the Colombian woman, reflecting on the victimizing facts to which the female group has been subjected and the public policies raised or developed as a mechanism of integral reparation to the victims. For this purpose, the documentary review followed by the systematization and selection of the information obtained for its subsequent analysis was used as a methodology, through which the continuity of risks and the violation of fundamental rights and freedoms against The women derived from the Colombian armed conflict, despite advances in overcoming impunity, highlighting the need to set comprehensive state policies.Keywords : Armed conflict, human rights, women, full redress of victim, sexual violence. Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo tornar visível o impacto dos conflitos armados internosnamulher colombiana, refletindoem volta aos fatos acontecidos sobre o coletivofeminino e as politicaspúblicas apresentadasoudesenvolvidas como um mecanismo de reparação integral àsvítimas. Para este efeito,tem se empregado como metodologia a revisão de documentos seguida pela sistematização eselecção de informaçõesobtidas para análise adicional, através do qualobteve-se como resultado a continuidade dos riscos e violação dos direitos e liberdadesfundamentais contra as mulheres, como resultado do conflito armado colombiano,apesar dos avançosnasuperação daimpunidade, destacando a necessidade deestabelecer políticas estaduaisabrangentes.Palavras chave: direitos humanos, conflitos armados, violência sexual, mulher,compensação total.

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Moreno-Gómez, Jorge, and Jonathan Calleja-Blanco. "The relationship between women’s presence in corporate positions and firm performance." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 10, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-10-2017-0071.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze, in the Colombian developing context, the relationship between the presence of women in corporate positions and the financial performance of the company and to know if there are differences between family and non-family firms. Design/methodology/approach Building on the contingency theory of leadership, which emphasizes that leader’s personality and the situation in which that leader operates influences corporate decision-making, the authors use panel data models on a sample of 54 Colombian public businesses for the period 2008-2015 to test the proposed hypotheses on the relationship between women´s presence in corporate governance positions and financial performance, as well as the difference between family and non-family firms. Findings The results support that women´s presence in corporate governance positions is positively associated with firm performance. More concretely, the authors find a relationship between women at the top corporate governance structure (as part of the board of directors, top management team and chief executive officer) and firm profitability. Results also indicate that family business, as a type of organization, (negatively) moderates the positive relationship between female participation in top executive positions (board and top executive team) and firm performance. Research limitations/implications First, this study is limited to women in corporate positions in large companies listed on the Colombia Stock Exchange, and thus, generalizability for smaller entities may be limited. Second, data limitations do not allow us to investigate ways in which women’s presence in corporate governance structures contributes to improve firm goals. Practical implications The authors provide support to the hypothesis that positively relates women’s presence in corporate governance positions and firm performance for the case of Colombia. This serves as a guidance to Colombian regulators, corporate decision-makers and policy-makers to promote the inclusion of women in top hierarchical structures through either mandatory laws or recommendation. Originality/value Few studies have addressed the women´s presence in corporate governance positions and contribution to firm performance in developing economies. This study contributes to better understand how women impact performance in contexts where women are underrepresented in corporate governance structure and where there are no laws that pressure firms to appoint women in corporate governance positions.

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Quiroz Molinares, Nathalia, Julia C. Daugherty, Rafael Mejía Villarreal, Natalia Hidalgo-Ruzzante, and Carlos José De los Reyes Aragón. "Intimate Partner Violence-Related Injuries Among Colombian Women." Violence and Gender 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vio.2018.0034.

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Spurr, G. B., Darna L. Dufour, and Julio C. Reina. "Energy expenditures of urban Colombian girls and women." American Journal of Human Biology 8, no. 2 (1996): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(1996)8:2<237::aid-ajhb10>3.0.co;2-n.

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Spurr, GB, DL Dufour, and JC Reina. "Increased muscular efficiency during lactation in Colombian women." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, no. 1 (January 1998): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600504.

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Otero, Liliana, Sandra Gutiérrez, Margarita Cháves, C. Vargas, and Luis Bérmudez. "Association of MSX1 with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in a Colombian Population." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 44, no. 6 (November 2007): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/06-097.1.

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Objective: To evaluate the association between MSX1 CA polymorphism and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) in a group of patients from Operation Smile Colombia. Design: Four alleles from MSX1 CA microsatellite sequence were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out. The amplifications were performed by Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) in ABI PRISM 310 genetic analyzer. Chi-square and odds ratio tests were used to determine the association between genotype frequencies and the risk to the cleft lip/palate in a Colombian group population. Setting: Operation Smile Colombia. Participants: Ninety-four affected patients (49 men and 45 women with CL±P) and 93 control individuals (43 men and 50 women). Results: A significant statistical difference (p < .0106) was found between the patients who carried allele 3 and CL±P. In addition, allele 4 (heterozygous and homozygous form) was the most frequent in CL±P (74%) patients and in the control group (82%). Conclusions: These findings show a positive association between the MSX1 CA polymorphism and CL±P in a Colombian group population.

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Vigoya, Mara Viveros. "Les études de genre et les mouvements ethnico-raciaux en Colombie." Regions and Cohesion 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2017.070307.

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*Full forum is in FrenchEnglish abstract:This article presents the dilemmas faced in Colombian feminist and gender studies within the framework of the contemporary socio-political context in Colombia, which is characterized by the recognition of the multicultural nature of Latin American societies. The author first examines the process that Colombian feminism has gone through since the 1970s, developing its paradigms of action and refl ection, which have become increasingly diverse. Second, the author examines the current position of the social movements of autochthonous and Afro-descendant women in the Colombian feminist debates on the dilemmas and new perspectives that globalization has imposed on social movements.Spanish abstract:Este artículo se trata de una exposición de los dilemas que se enfrentan a los estudios femeninos colombianos y los que se centran en el género, en el contexto sociopolítico contemporáneo caracterizado por el reconocimiento de la multiculturalidad de las sociedades latinoamericanas. Para ello, primero examinaré el proceso que ha seguido el feminismo colombiano desde los años setenta, desarrollando sus paradigmas de acción y refl exión, cada vez más diversos. En segundo lugar, examinaré la posición actual de los movimientos sociales de mujeres indígenas y afrodescendientes en los debates feministas colombianos sobre los dilemas y las nuevas perspectivas que la globalización ha impuesto a los movimientos sociales.French abstract:Dans cet article, il s’agira d’exposer les dilemmes auxquels sont confrontées les études féministes colombiennes et celles portant sur le genre dans le contexte socio-politique contemporain caractérisé par la reconnaissance de la multiculturalité des sociétés latino-américaines. Pour ce faire, nous évoquerons d’abord les évolutions que le féminisme colombien a connues depuis les années 1970, en développant ses paradigmes d’action et de réflexion qui sont devenus de plus en plus diversifiés. Nous examinerons ensuite la position actuellement adoptée par les mouvements de femmes autochtones et afrodescendantes dans les débats féministes colombiens à propos des dilemmes et des nouvelles perspectives que la mondialisation a imposés aux mouvements sociaux.

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González Eraso, Judith Colombia. "Representaciones de las mujeres en la Independencia desde la historiografía colombiana." HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local 3, no. 5 (January 1, 2011): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v3n5.12264.

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El propósito de este texto consiste en explorar la historiografía colombiana producida en el siglo XX sobre “Las Mujeres en la Independencia”; con el fin de identificar las imágenes, representaciones y discursos, a los que apelaron los historiadores al idearse las categorías de: “Heroínas”, “Mártires” y “Realistas”. La historia vista desde la perspectiva de los estudios de género, brinda herramientas analíticas, teóricas y conceptuales que ayudan a visibilizar y deconstruir la historia femenina y su participación como sujeto político. Palabras clave: mujeres, independencia, heroínas, mártires, realistas, historiografía. Women´s Roles Within The Independence: From Colombian Historiography Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the Colombian historiography produced during the XX century about “Women within the independence”; in order to identify the pictures, roles and speeches that historians resorted to, for creating the categories: “Heroines”, “Martyrs”, “Realists”. History from the gender studies perspective provides analytical, theoretical and conceptual tools that allow visualizing and discovering the female’s history and their role as a political character. Keywords: Women, History, Historiography, Independence, Roles and Gender.

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Von Au, Anne Kathrin. "The transformative potential of gender justice in the land restitution programme in Colombia." Deusto Journal of Human Rights, no. 11 (December 11, 2017): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/aahdh-11-2013pp207-239.

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This paper studies the existence of elements of gender justice in the ongoing land restitution process in Colombia, in order to analyse the potential of the Land Restitution Programme to contribute to the elimination of structural violence against women and the resulting gender inequalities. In this context, the sources of the analysis comprises the Victims’ and Land Restitution Law of 2011, the implementation programmes by the Land Restitution Unit, and the sentences by the specialized judges for land restitution. The paper argues that the land restitution programme could contribute to the elimination of structural forms of discrimination and exclusion of women in the Colombian society, if the elements of gender justice are applied in a coherent and systematic way and if it is accompanied by additional measures aimed at reducing the high security risks for internally displaced women in the land restitution process and changing the patriarchal system deeply rooted in the Colombian society.Published online: 11 December 2017

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Vanoni, Giuseppe, and Alfonso Omaña. "Female entrepreneurship and evolution in SMEs in the fashion system in Colombia." Compendium: Cuadernos de Economía y Administración 8, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.46677/compendium.v8i2.955.

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The fashion industry in Colombia is one of the sectors who are showing an exponential grow in the last times with profits for more than 20.2 billion of colombian pesos, approximately 1.3 million of units sold. Under those perspective, this article will focus on how the female enterprises in the fashion system are developing in recent years with examples from highlights cases where the women have an important role as entrepreneur instead in covid times. For this study, the authors made a selection of three companies from the Colombian fashion system led by women. As a result, it was possible identify that those organizations establish the leader as a collaborator and an important part of a business, as well, justified in his/her works in the way to create and share an innovative value necessary to keep the company into the high standards of competitiveness in local and international market.

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Monterrosa-Castro, Alvaro, Katheryn Portela-Buelvas, and Camil Castelo-Branco. "Urinary incontinence in climacteric afrodescendant women from the Colombian Caribbean." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 3817. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20194342.

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Background: To assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and to identify related factors in Afro-descendant Colombian women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 40-59 year old women from the Colombian Caribbean. Socio-demographic characteristics were recorded and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF) and the 10-item cervantes scale were applied to identify UI and genitourinary symptoms, respectively.Results: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 40-59-year-old women from the Colombian Caribbean. Socio-demographic characteristics were recorded and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF) and the 10-item cervantes scale were applied to identify UI and genitourinary symptoms, respectively.Conclusions: The prevalence of UI among climacteric afro-descendant women was close to 4%. A history of PIH and PD consumption were related factors.

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Ubillos-Landa, Silvia, Alicia Puente-Martínez, Gina Arias-Rodríguez, Marcela Gracia-Leiva, and José Luis González-Castro. "Coping Strategies Used by Female Victims of the Colombian Armed Conflict: The Women in the Colombian Conflict (MUCOCO) Program." SAGE Open 9, no. 4 (July 2019): 215824401989407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019894072.

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The effects of armed conflict on women in post-conflict situations are an area of analysis for social disciplines. This study will analyze the situation in Colombia, currently involved in a peace restoration process. The aim is to verify the efficacy of a coping and emotion regulation program analyzing victimization as well as the coping strategies employed in response to these violent acts. The program focuses on 62 women contacted through the Ruta Pacífica de las Mujeres, a nongovernmental organization. The program had a positive effect on women, reporting lower levels of posttraumatic stress, more functional coping strategies, and less use of dysfunctional strategies. All emotional cognitive and social indicators improved. Women felt emotionally better, perceiving greater social support and more trust in institutions. Survivors had more self-confidence to achieve their goals and solve their problems. The implications in a context of peace reconstruction and search for social cohesion are discussed.

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Córdoba, Jesús Antonio, and Karen Ortiz Cuchivague. "Female participation in Colombian metal: An initial approach." Metal Music Studies 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/mms_00040_1.

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Cultural expressions reflect the ways in which a society represents its traditions, its interpretations of the world, and the views of the people that develop within it. Likewise, they are capable of representing a system of gender roles that are reproduced and legitimized through them. Rock and metal music, as artistic expressions, can reproduce differentiated male and female roles that, in turn, reproduce inequality and an uneven access to opportunities. This has been constant in Colombian society; therefore, uncovering these manifestations and seeking ways to question and transform these roles have become increasingly important tasks. In this short article, we describe some characteristics of female participation in Colombian metal, and how this intervention responds to the particularities of its context. We approach this objective by analysing testimonies of women who currently work as metal and rock artists in Colombia.

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Olaya-Contreras, P., J. Rodríguez-Villamil, H. J. Posso-Valencia, and J. E. Cortez. "Organochlorine exposure and breast cancer risk in Colombian women." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 14, suppl 3 (1998): S125—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1998000700013.

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An epidemiological study was performed in Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia, with a total of 306 women enrolled, including 153 incident BC cases and 153 age-matched controls. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between BC risk and serum dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethene (DDE) levels. Sociodemographic and reproductive data, diet, and past exposure to pesticides were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Chemical analysis of samples was performed by high resolution gas chromatography-ECD. Likelihood of developing BC by exposure to these substances was evaluated through odds ratios (OR) adjusted for: first-child breast-feeding, family BC history, body mass index (BMI), parity, and menopausal status. Data analysis was performed by conditional logistic regression techniques. Adjusted OR for exposure to serum DDE and BC suggests an increase risk of BC in the higher category of DDE exposure (OR = 1.95; CI 1.10-3.52). The test for trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.09). We confirm that serum DDE levels bear a positive association to risk of BC and could support the association between risk of BC and burden of DDE exposure.

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Gilbert-Diamond, Diane, Ana Baylin, Mercedes Mora-Plazas, and Eduardo Villamor. "Correlates of Obesity and Body Image in Colombian Women." Journal of Women's Health 18, no. 8 (August 2009): 1145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2008.1179.

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Alzate, Mónica M., Deepa Dongarwar, Jennifer L. Matas, and Hamisu M. Salihu. "Phenotypes and markers of cesarean delivery among Colombian women." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 147, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12942.

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Cuello-López, Javier, Ana Fidalgo-Zapata, and Elsa Vásquez-Trespalacios. "Obesity and Prognostic Variables in Colombian Breast Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Breast Cancer 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9574874.

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Introduction. Obesity is an established risk factor for cancer and cancer-related deaths, including that of the breast. While the prevalence of female obesity has accelerated over the past decade in many developing countries, such as Colombia, the prevalence of overweight and obesity specifically in breast cancer populations has not been fully described. Methods. A cross-sectional study including 849 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2009 and 2014. Based on body mass index, prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥ 25 < 30) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and associations of BMI with clinical and tumor histopathological features were analyzed. Results. Colombian breast cancer patients had a prevalence of overweight of 34.28% and obesity of 28.15%. Mean BMI was comparable between premenopausal and postmenopausal women (27.2 versus 27.7, resp.). Among premenopausal women, higher BMI was significantly positively associated with hormone receptor negative tumors, as well as with greater lymphovascular invasion. Conclusions. Colombian breast cancer patients exhibit a significant prevalence of overweight and obesity. Associations of high BMI and poor prognosis variables in the premenopausal population suggest risk of aggressive disease in this population. Future studies to further validate our observations are warranted in order to implement multidisciplinary clinical guidelines.

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Parra-Barrera, Sandra M., Nieves Moyano, Miguel Ángel Boldova, and María del Mar Sánchez-Fuentes. "Protection against Sexual Violence in the Colombian Legal Framework: Obstacles and Consequences for Women Victims." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084171.

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Sexual violence is a type of gender-based violence (GBV), as it is one of the different types of violence that is exerted against women. Sexual violence infringes fundamental human rights, and denies women’s dignity and self-determination, personal development, and well-being. Despite international treaties and a regulatory framework that legally protects Colombian women against sexual violence, it is necessary to know the effectiveness of this regulatory framework in Colombia. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to examine criminal legislation on crimes of sexual violence in Colombia with a dual purpose: first, to analyze procedural guarantees for women victims of sexual violence; second, to determine obstacles for victims of sexual violence in accordance with the legal framework. We used a legal interpretation method to perform an analysis and interpret the law. The results found that, although sexual violence is considered a type of crime, procedural guarantees are not effective as victims encounter serious obstacles with negative consequences, such as the violation of fundamental human rights.

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Londoño Arredondo, Nora Helena. "Validation of the Colombian MOS social support survey." International Journal of Psychological Research 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.770.

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Perceived social support is considered to be a variable of great importance in the health – disease continuum. Perceived social support refers to one’s confidence that social support or resources are available if needed. The objectives of this research study were to (1) translate and culturally adapt the Medical Outcomes Study – Social Support Survey (MOS; Sherbourne y Stewart, 1991) for the Colombian population, and (2) validate the Colombian version of the MOS. The survey instrument measures perceived social support and was developed for a study of outcomes in patients with chronic disease. The sample consisted of 179 participants (36.7% men and 63.3% women), mean age 38.4 (SD =15.2, range 17 to 86 years) recruited from different cities in Colombia. The results indicated a favorable Cronbach's alpha between components ranging from .921 to .736. A confirmatory analysis was conducted, obtaining a favorable structure for both 4 and 3 factors.

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Kahn, Leora. "My Body Is a War Zone: Exhibitions and Testimonies as a Tool for Change." Violence Against Women 25, no. 13 (September 10, 2019): 1578–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219869545.

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This article has evolved from an exhibition produced with PROOF: Media for Social Justice entitled “My Body Is a War Zone,” which was part of a larger project (“Legacy of Rape”) consisting of stories from women in four postconflict regions. Drawing on interviews conducted with women in Santa Marta, Colombia, in May 2012 and January 2017, I explore the use of testimony, photography, and exhibition as a means of empowering survivors to become activists. Using the Colombian example, I argue that such exhibitions can transform national and public dialogue by engaging audiences on a personal and emotional level.

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Gonzalez-Garcia, Mauricio, Andres Caballero, Claudia Jaramillo, and Carlos A. Torres-Duque. "Chronic bronchitis: High prevalence in never smokers and underdiagnosis— A population-based study in Colombia." Chronic Respiratory Disease 16 (April 18, 2018): 147997231876977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479972318769771.

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The objective of the article was to establish the prevalence, underdiagnosis, and risk factors of chronic bronchitis (CB) in a general population in five Colombian cities. Cross-sectional study using a probabilistic sampling technique in five Colombian cities was adopted. The CB definition was “cough and expectoration for three or more months per year for at least two consecutive years.” Underdiagnosis was considered in subjects with clinical definition without previous medical diagnosis. Univariate χ2 or Student’s t-test and logistic regression analysis were used. The study included 5539 subjects. The prevalence was 5.5%, the underdiagnosis 50.3%, and 33.7% of the cases were in nonsmokers (53.6% in women vs. 16.9% in men, p < 0.001). The adjusted risk factors were living in Bogota, current smoking, male, age ≥ 64 years, low education, indoor wood smoke exposure, and occupational exposure to vapors, gases, dust, and fumes. CB is a common disease among adults in Colombia. The underdiagnosis was high and there were a large proportion of cases in nonsmokers, particularly in women. Our findings support the association of CB with indoor wood smoke and occupational exposures.

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Sánchez-Fuentes, Maria del Mar, Nieves Moyano, Carmen Gómez-Berrocal, and Juan Carlos Sierra. "Invariance of the Sexual Double Standard Scale: A Cross-Cultural Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (February 29, 2020): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051569.

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The Sexual Double Standard (SDS) is an instrument used to judge sexual behavior, in which men are usually granted greater sexual freedom, while the same sexual behavior is condemned in women. Culture can be a relevant variable for the SDS. Therefore, we have examined the measurement invariance of the Sexual Double Standard Scale (SDSS) across the Spanish and Colombian populations, comparing this phenomenon by country and gender. The scale comprises two factors: sexual freedom and sexual shyness. The sample consisted of 1832 heterosexual adults (46.3% men, 53.7% women), 54.3% of whom were Spanish and 45.7% Colombian. Strong invariance was found. The reliability values were good for country and gender. Men and women from both countries supported greater freedom for themselves compared to the other gender. Furthermore, Spanish women, unlike their Colombian counterparts, supported greater sexual shyness for men. Thus, what some authors have labeled as a "reverse sexual double standard" seems to emerge.

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Trujillo, Andrea. "CARÁNGANO AND WOMEN: STORY OF AN INSTRUMENT THREATENED WITH EXTINCTION." African Music: Journal of the International Library of African Music 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/amj.v11i1.2290.

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This article describes the results of an ethnomusicological study on the carángano, a ground bow instrument played only by women in the small villages of the Colombia Caribbean region. Before the introduction of electricity, the inhabitants contemplated the full moon as the women played, danced and laughed to the sound of this instrument. This instrument is now almost extinct. In this article, the social function, organological structure and repertoire of this instrument are analysed. The relationship between the carángano and other ground bows such as the tingo-talango or the dumbu-kalinga and sekituleghe on the American and African continents is discussed. These musical practices require urgent attention since they harbour musical and identification values belonging to the Colombian Caribbean region while sharing cultural aspects which connect Africans and African descendants across vast distances.

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Gootenberg, Paul. "The “Pre-Colombian” Era of Drug Trafficking in the Americas: Cocaine, 1945-1965." Americas 64, no. 2 (October 2007): 133–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2007.0148.

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Before anyone heard of Colombiannarcotraficantes, a new class of international cocaine traffickers was born between 1947 and 1964, led by little-known Peruvians, Bolivians, Chileans, Cubans, Mexicans, Brazilians, and Argentines. These men—and often daring young women—anxiously pursued by U.S. drug agents, pioneered the business of illicit cocaine, a drug whose small-scale production in the Andes remained legal and above board until the late 1940s. Before 1945, cocaine barely existed as an illicit drug; by 1950, a handful of couriers were smuggling it by the ounce from Peru; by the mid-1960s this hemispheric flow topped hundreds of kilos yearly, linking thousands of coca farmers across the eastern Andes to crude labs, organized trafficking rings, and a bustling retailer diaspora in consuming hot-spots like New York and Miami. The Colombians of the 1970s, the Pablo Escobars who leveraged this network into one of hundreds of tons, worth untold billions, are today notorious. Yet historians have yet to uncover their modest predecessors or the actual start of Colombia's role: cocaine's “pre-Colombian” origins.

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Cediel, Gustavo, Eliana Perez, Diego Gaitán, Olga L. Sarmiento, and Laura Gonzalez. "Association of all forms of malnutrition and socioeconomic status, educational level and ethnicity in Colombian children and non-pregnant women." Public Health Nutrition 23, S1 (March 5, 2020): s51—s58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019004257.

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AbstractObjective:To examine the association of all forms of malnutrition and socioeconomic status (SES), educational level and ethnicity in children <5 years, non-pregnant adolescent women (11–19 years) and non-pregnant adult women (20–49 years) in Colombia.Design:Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2010 Colombian National Nutrition Survey. The prevalence of malnutrition was compared across categories of SES, educational level and ethnicity.Setting:Colombia.Participants:The sample for the current analysis comprised children <5 years, non-pregnant adolescent women (11–19 years) and non-pregnant adult women (20–49 years).Results:In children <5 years, a low SES and maternal educational level were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity compared with high levels of SES and maternal education, that is, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 1·4 and 1·6 times lower in categories of low SES and educational levels, respectively. In contrast, the prevalence of wasting, stunting and anaemia was higher in the lowest SES and maternal educational categories (the prevalence was between 1·1 and 1·8 times higher for these indicators). In women, the lowest SES (11 and 19 years) and educational levels (20 and 49 years) exhibited a higher prevalence in all forms of malnutrition compared with their counterparts in the highest categories (i.e. overweight/obesity, stunting and anaemia). Additionally, indigenous or Afro-Colombian children and women had the highest prevalence of malnutrition in comparison with other ethnicities.Conclusions:These results suggest that public policies should address all forms of malnutrition that occur in the most vulnerable populations in Colombia using multiple strategies.

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Erauw, Gregg. "Trading Away Women’s Rights: A Feminist Critique of the Canada–Colombia Free Trade Agreement." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 47 (2010): 161–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800009863.

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SummaryThe internal conflict in Colombia has resulted in documented violations of human rights and international humanitarian law. In particular, Colombian women and their human rights have been disproportionately impacted by the conflict. It is within this context that the Canada-Colombia Free Trade Agreement (CCFTA) is being proposed, and there is serious concern that Canadian investors could perpetuate the violence or become complicit beneficiaries of human rights violations in Colombia once the CCFTA is ratified. Against this background, this article takes a feminist approach to international investment law to demonstrate that international investment agreements (IIAs) and free trade agreements with investment provisions (FTAs), such as the CCFTA, maintain and reinforce gender hierarchy to the detriment of women’s socio-economic rights, needs, and interests. By engaging in a feminist critique of the CCFTA’s provisions on non-discrimination, performance, expropriation, corporate social responsibility, reservations, investor-state arbitration, and general exceptions, as well as the labour side agreement, the ramifications of international investment law on Colombian women’s rights and women’s rights generally becomes apparent. In order to remedy these shortcomings, recommendations are made to alleviate the potential strain of international investment law and the CCFTA specifically on women’s rights.

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Poteraj, Jarosław. "System emerytalny w kraju karteli — przypadek Kolumbii." Ekonomia 23, no. 3 (February 20, 2018): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.23.3.6.

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Pension system in the country of the cartels: the case of ColombiaThe 1993 reform was the most important change, ordering many elements of Colombian retirement. Today, the Colombian pension system is characterized by parallel pay-as-you-go and funded schemes, which creates inefficiencies in administration because of its complexity and consequently increases systemic costs. Asystem that is formally defined as atwo-pillar system is actually a three-pillar solution, based on the principle of competition between the components. Linking a minimum pension with aminimum wage is asignificant source of ineffectiveness of the adopted solution. In international comparisons, there is also alack of thinking about the potential equalization of the retirement age for women and men. Changes in recent years, especially the introduction of BEPS, Colombia Mayor and family pensions, are substantiated. Still, there is alack of effective instruments in Colombia that radically increase the coverage of the pension system. In the paper the hypothesis that in a country with alarge share of the shadow economy in the creation of GDP there are difficulties in increasing participation in the pension system, was confirmed.

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Bonilla Neira, Laura Cristina, Karen Paola Ramírez-Duarte, Erika Tatiana Galvis-Martínez, and Jesús Redondo-Pacheco. "Women Representation during the Peace Process in the Colombian Media." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Communication 11, no. 4 (2016): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2324-7320/cgp/v11i04/13-25.

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Ceballos Bedoya, María Adelaida. "Gender Inclusion, Class Exclusion. Women in the Colombian Legal Education." Revista de Derecho Uninorte, no. 49 (January 15, 2018): 113–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/dere.49.10808.

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Molano, Mónica, Mauricio González, Óscar Gamboa, Natasha Ortiz, Joaquín Luna, Gustavo Hernandez, Héctor Posso, Raúl Murillo, and Nubia Muñoz. "Determinants of LSIL Regression in Women from a Colombian Cohort." Revista Colombiana de Cancerología 14, no. 4 (2010): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0123-9015(10)70083-4.

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Spurr, G. B., J. C. Reina, J. V. Narvaez, and D. L. Dufour. "Maximal oxygen consumption of Colombian women of differing socioeconomic status." American Journal of Human Biology 4, no. 5 (1992): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310040509.

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Fernandez-Osorio, Andres Eduardo, Edna Jackeline Latorre Rojas, and Nayiver Mayorga Zarta. "The 2018 Colombian Military Academy dataset." Revista Científica General José María Córdova 16, no. 23 (June 30, 2018): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21830/19006586.345.

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This article presents a data set of the population of military students, resulting from a sociological study completed at the Colombian Military Academy (Escuela Militar de Cadetes General Jose Maria Cordova - ESMIC). By analyzing perceptions and attitudes of ESMIC’s students in six areas, namely, socio-demographic characteristics; professional behavior; social patterns; military values; civil-military relations; and integration of women in the military, this data set aims to provide scientific information to assist in the design, implementation, and effectiveness of the National Army of Colombia’s policies.

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Rodríguez-Burbano, Aura Yolima, Isabel Cepeda, Ana Magdalena Vargas-Martínez, and Rocío De-Diego-Cordero. "Assessment of Ambivalent Sexism in University Students in Colombia and Spain: A Comparative Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 24, 2021): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031009.

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(1) Background: Gender-based violence has no geographical, personal, or social boundaries. It constitutes a serious public health problem that affects the entire society. This research aims to identify and compare the level of ambivalent sexism in Spanish and Colombian university students and its relationship with sociodemographic factors. Ambivalent sexism, developed by Glick and Fiske (1996), is considered a new type of sexism since, for the first time, it combines negative and positive feelings that give rise to hostile and benevolent sexism, maintaining the subordination of women through punishment and rewards. (2) Methods: The methodology consisted of the application of the validated Spanish version of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) to a sample of 374 students in their final academic year of the Law program, of which 21.7% were students at the University of Santander (Bucaramanga, Colombia), 45.5% at the University Rey Juan Carlos (Madrid, Spain), and the remaining 32.9% at the University of Seville (Seville, Spain). (3) Results: A high level of ambivalent sexism is reported in Colombian students nowadays. In the two countries. there are similarities (e.g., the great weight of religion and the variation in attitudes towards sexism in people who identify themselves as women, compared to male or students consulted that prefer not to answer) and differences (e.g., absence in Colombia of gender-specific legislation, low number of students who have received gender education in Spain). (4) Conclusions: These findings may contribute to the construction of laws that take into account the particular problems of women and the development of educational programs on gender that are offered in a transversal and permanent way and that take into account cultural factors and equity between men and women as an essential element in the training of future judges who have the legal responsibility to protect those who report gender violence.

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Gilbertson, Greta A. "Women's Labor and Enclave Employment: The Case of Dominican and Colombian Women in New York City." International Migration Review 29, no. 3 (September 1995): 657–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900302.

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The enclave hypothesis holds that obligations stemming from a common ethnicity not only permit utilization of past investments in human capital, but help to create opportunities for mobility. This implies that both men and women benefit from a broader reward structure involving more than just wages. Yet few studies examine whether immigrants in co-ethnic-owned firms, particularly women, benefit from these other forms of compensation, such as advancement opportunities. Using data from a survey of Colombian and Dominican immigrants in New York City, this research examines whether Dominican and Colombian women working in Hispanic-owned firms in New York City are advantaged relative to women in other labor market sectors in earnings-returns to human capital, opportunities for skill acquisition, and fringe benefits. The results indicate that enclave employment provides women with low wages, minimal benefits, and few opportunities for advancement.

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Santamaría, Angela, Dunen Muelas, Paula Caceres, Wendi Kuetguaje, and Julian Villegas. "Decolonial Sketches and Intercultural Approaches to Truth: Corporeal Experiences and Testimonies of Indigenous Women in Colombia." International Journal of Transitional Justice 14, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 56–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijz034.

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Abstract This article explores the corporeal and testimonial memories of a group of female indigenous ex-combatants and victims in the Colombian Caribbean and Amazon. Although these groups have often been analyzed in the transitional justice literature, our primary objective is to analyze two local processes for retrieving indigenous women’s memories and possible feminist participatory action research methodologies in the Colombian postconflict context. We examined empowering intercultural and intersectional methodologies to promote the political participation of indigenous women – both ‘victims’ and ‘perpetrators’ – in the Colombian Truth Commission implemented after the peace agreement was enacted. We explain how participatory action research should be used, including techniques such as indigenous women’s body mapping, creating testimonial spaces and conducting ethnographic observations. The article is based on a transitional justice ‘from below’ perspective as well as local transitional justice practices.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Colombian women'

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