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1

Martianov, Aleksandr S., Ekaterina Sh Kuligina, Alexandr A. Romanko, and Evgeny N. Imyanitov. "Molecular genetic testing in colon cancer: clinical aspects." Almanac of Clinical Medicine 50, no. 1 (2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-002.

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Molecular genetic diagnostics is an essential element to plan for management of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The choice of systemic treatment for CRC is impossible without molecular testing of the tumor. For instance, the assessment of the KRAS and NRAS genes is mandatory for consideration of anti-EGFR agents. Tumors with BRAF V600E mutation are characterized by aggressive behavior, the necessity of intensive cytostatic regimens, as well as by sensitivity to combination therapy with BRAF and EGFR inhibitors. Inactivation of the DNA mismatch repair, the MUTYH gene or DNA polymerase epsilon
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2

Lynch, Patrick M. "Medicolegal Aspects of Endoscopic Screening and Genetic Testing in Hereditary Colon Cancer Syndromes." Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 8, no. 3 (2006): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tgie.2006.04.004.

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3

Semyanikhina, A. V., A. O. Rasulov, and L. N. Lyubchenko. "Clinical and genetic aspects of differential diagnostics of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer." Advances in molecular oncology 6, no. 2 (2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2313-805x-2019-6-2-21-27.

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Lynch syndrome was synonymous with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer for a long time, however, mapping of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes has led to distinguish Lynch syndrome as an independent syndromic unit from a number of Lynch-like syndromes that phenotypically mimic with the most frequent hereditary variant of colon cancer but genetically representing quite a heterogeneous group. This article presents up to date clinical and genetic characteristics of Lynch syndrome and Lynch-like conditions.
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4

Augestad, Knut Magne, Marianne A. Merok, and Dejan Ignatovic. "Tailored Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: Surgical, Molecular, and Genetic Considerations." Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology 11 (January 1, 2017): 117955491769076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179554917690766.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex cancer disease, and approximately 40% of the surgically cured patients will experience cancer recurrence within 5 years. During recent years, research has shown that CRC treatment should be tailored to the individual patient due to the wide variety of risk factors, genetic factors, and surgical complexity. In this review, we provide an overview of the considerations that are needed to provide an individualized, patient-tailored treatment. We emphasize the need to assess the predictors of CRC, and we summarize the latest research on CRC genetics and immunoth
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5

Hoffmann, Diane E., and Eric A. Wulfsberg. "Testing Children for Genetic Predispositions: Is it in Their Best Interest?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 23, no. 4 (1995): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1995.tb01375.x.

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Researchers summoned a Baltimore County woman to an office at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health last spring to tell her the bad news. They had found a genetic threat lurking in her 7-year-old son's DNA—a mutant gene that almost always triggers a rare form of colon cancer. It was the same illness that led surgeons to remove her colon in 1979. While the boy, Michael, now 8, is still perfectly healthy, without surgery he is almost certain to develop cancer by age 40.This genetic fortune-telling was no parlor trick. It was the product of astonishing advances in recent decades in understand
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6

Yaméogo, P. B., R. A. Djigemde, M. Ilboudo, A. S. Ouedraogo, and N. Zongo. "Descriptive epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Burkina Faso." African Journal of Oncology 2, no. 2 (2022): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54266/ajo.2.2.54.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile of colorectal cancers in Burkina Faso. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study of colorectal cancers diagnosed in all anatomy and pathology laboratories in Burkina Faso from 1988 to 2018. Age, sex, nature of the specimens, histo-genetic and histological types were studied. Comparisons were possible using Student's t test and Fisher's Khi2 test. RESULTS: In 31 years, 802 colorectal cancers were diagnosed, representing a mean annual incidence of 25.9 cases ± 7.6. These cancers represented 30.9% of all digestive ca
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7

Ehrenfeld, Maximilian, Anna Schrade, Tatiana Flisikowska, et al. "Tumor Targeting with Bacterial Shiga Toxin B Subunit in Genetic Porcine Models for Colorectal Cancer and Osteosarcoma." Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 21, no. 4 (2022): 686–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0445.

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Abstract The B subunit of bacterial Shiga toxin (STxB) is nontoxic and has low immunogenicity. Its receptor, the glycosphingolipid Gb3/CD77, is overexpressed on the cell surface of human colorectal cancer. We tested whether genetic porcine models, closely resembling human anatomy and pathophysiology, can be used to exploit the tumor-targeting potential of STxB. In accordance with findings on human colorectal cancer, the pig model APC1311 bound STxB in colorectal tumors, but not in normal colon or jejunum, except for putative enteroendocrine cells. In primary tumor cells from endoscopic biopsie
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8

Pancione, Massimo, Andrea Remo, and Vittorio Colantuoni. "Genetic and Epigenetic Events Generate Multiple Pathways in Colorectal Cancer Progression." Pathology Research International 2012 (July 24, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/509348.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of death, despite decades of research. Initially considered as a disease due to genetic mutations, it is now viewed as a complex malignancy because of the involvement of epigenetic abnormalities. A functional equivalence between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms has been suggested in CRC initiation and progression. A hallmark of CRC is its pathogenetic heterogeneity attained through at least three distinct pathways: a traditional (adenoma-carcinoma sequence), an alternative, and more recently the so-called serrated pathway. While the alt
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9

Aceto, Gitana Maria, Teresa Catalano, and Maria Cristina Curia. "Molecular Aspects of Colorectal Adenomas: The Interplay among Microenvironment, Oxidative Stress, and Predisposition." BioMed Research International 2020 (March 16, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1726309.

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The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multistep process initiated by a benign polyp that has the potential to evolve into in situ carcinoma through the interactions between environmental and genetic factors. CRC incidence rates are constantly increased for young adult patients presenting an advanced tumor stage. The majority of CRCs arise from colonic adenomas originating from aberrant cell proliferation of colon epithelium. Endoscopic polypectomy represents a tool for early detection and removal of polyps, although the occurrence of cancers after negative colonoscopy shows a signifi
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10

Djadou, Teresa Moreno, Antonio Rey, Javier Die, Eduardo Lobo, and Juan Carlos García Pérez. "Colorectal Cancer: Comparative Analysis Between Two Series of Patients Separated by More Than Three Decades." Journal of Coloproctology 42, no. 03 (2022): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1755240.

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Abstract Aim This study characterizes Colorectal Cancer (CRC) incidence in the University Hospital Ramon and Cajal, Madrid, and analyzes variations over time. It establishes risk groups, aiming to discover whether diagnosis can be determined in less advanced stages of disease. Method Evolutionary epidemiological study of genetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of CRC in this district that enables the comparison of two cohorts of patients separated by 37 years: G1 (patients of current group) and G2 (patients of historical group). The main risk variables gleaned retrosp
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11

Sacco, Michele, Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma, Elia Guadagno, et al. "Serrated lesions of the colon and rectum: Emergent epidemiological data and molecular pathways." Open Medicine 15, no. 1 (2020): 1087–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2020-0226.

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AbstractIn 2010, serrated polyps (SP) of the colon have been included in the WHO classification of digestive tumors. Since then a large corpus of evidence focusing on these lesions are available in the literature. This review aims to analyze the present data on the epidemiological and molecular aspects of SP. Hyperplastic polyps (HPs) are the most common subtype of SP (70–90%), with a minimal or null risk of malignant transformation, contrarily to sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs), which represent 10–20% and 1% of adenomas, respectively. The malignant tra
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12

Roy-Burman, P., H. Wu, W. C. Powell, J. Hagenkord, and M. B. Cohen. "Genetically defined mouse models that mimic natural aspects of human prostate cancer development." Endocrine-related cancer 11, no. 2 (2004): 225–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc.0.0110225.

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This review is focused on mouse models for prostate cancer that have been designed on the basis of genetic alterations that are frequently found in human prostate cancer. It begins with an analysis of the similarities and differences in the gross and microscopic anatomy of the mouse and human prostate glands, and extends to the pathologies induced in the genetically manipulated mouse prostate in comparison with the sporadic development of the disease in humans. Major achievements have been made in modeling human prostate cancer in mice in recent years. There are models which display slow, temp
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13

Berardinelli, Gustavo Noriz, Ronilson Oliveira Duraes, Marco Antonio de Oliveira, et al. "Elucidation of the molecular and clinical impact of microsatellite instability in Brazilian colorectal cancer patients at Barretos Cancer Hospital." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): e23185-e23185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e23185.

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e23185 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high incidence and mortality in the world and in Brazil. The microsatellite instability (MSI) pathway is associated with a distinct mutational profile, which affects MSI target genes contributing to a different clinical impact. Reports have suggested that CRC aspects may be influenced by patients’ ancestry. This study aims to elucidate the molecular and clinical impact of MSI, and to determine Brazilian patients’ genetic ancestry. Methods: We enrolled 1013 patients. MSI was evaluated by molecular analysis, and MSI-H cases were further analyzed f
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14

Garrido, P., R. Hladun, E. de Álava, et al. "Multidisciplinary consensus on optimising the detection of NTRK gene alterations in tumours." Clinical and Translational Oncology 23, no. 8 (2021): 1529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12094-021-02558-0.

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AbstractThe recent identification of rearrangements of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) genes and the development of specific fusion protein inhibitors, such as larotrectinib and entrectinib, have revolutionised the diagnostic and clinical management of patients presenting with tumours with these alterations. Tumours that harbour NTRK fusions are found in both adults and children; and they are either rare tumours with common NTRK fusions that may be diagnostic, or more prevalent tumours with rare NTRK fusions. To assess currently available evidence on this matter, three key Spanish
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15

Al-Hemiri, Ahmed, Moaed Aigazally, Valery Novochadov, and Anastasia Korchagina. "Beta-Glucuronidase System, Intestinal Microflora, and Genesis of Colorectal Tumors." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 4 (May 2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2019.4.5.

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The review analyzes cellular and molecular aspects of the participation of intestinal microflora and related features of luminal metabolism in the occurrence and subsequent development of colon tumors, primarily colorectal cancer. The article describes the problems of increasing frequency of this disease in recent years, the participation of genetic factors in high risk of colorectal cancer progression. According to the authors, microbial associations and the consequences of the interaction between individual types of microorganisms are of importance. The role of the intestinal microflora can
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16

Feng, Yang, Rachel Newsome, Troy Robinson, et al. "Dnmt3a Mutations in the Hematopoietic System Promote Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer: A Model of Clonal Hematopoiesis in Solid Tumors." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (2021): 2161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-149740.

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Abstract Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a condition wherein hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) acquire mutations, often in presumed leukemia driver genes such as in DNMT3A, leading to clonal dominance and disproportionate contribution to peripheral blood without overt hematologic abnormalities (Jaiswal et al. 2014). In large cohorts of patients with solid tumors including colorectal cancer, presence of CH is associated with inferior overall survival due to progression of primary malignancy (Coombs et al. 2017). While potential involvement of CH in the pathogenesis of solid tumors driven by unrelate
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17

Afonin, G. A., N. A. Baltayev, D. R. Kaidarova, А. К. Ababakriyev, and P. B. Kalmenova. "Clinical and phenotypic variants of hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancer in young patients." Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana 60, no. 2 (2021): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2021-2-60-9-21.

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Relevance: In the Republic of Kazakhstan, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in the structure of oncological pathology. In 2008-2019, the CRC incidence in the Republic was growing each year. There is an upward trend in CRC incidence among young people. Cohort studies show that, in young patients, CRC is characterized by distal localization of the tumor process, advanced stages of the disease, an aggressive course, and low tumor differentiation. The known association of phenotypic signs with clinical characteristics of the disease, such as the response to therapy and survival rates, urges addr
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18

Afonin, G. A., N. A. Baltayev, D. R. Kaidarova, and P. B. Kalmenova. "Clinical and phenotypic variants of hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancer in young patients." Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana 60, no. 2 (2021): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2021-2-60-9-21.

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Relevance: In the Republic of Kazakhstan, colorectal
 cancer (CRC) ranks third in the structure of oncological pathology. In 2008-2019, the CRC incidence in the Republic
 was growing each year. There is an upward trend in CRC
 incidence among young people. Cohort studies show that,
 in young patients, CRC is characterized by distal localization of the tumor process, “late” stages of the disease, an
 aggressive course, and low tumor differentiation. The
 known association of phenotypic signs with clinical characteristics of the disease, such as the response to ther
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19

Chen, Yungchang, Yanhong Deng, Yutong Ma, et al. "Clinical and genomic distinction of class 1/2/3 BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer and differential prognosis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (2022): 3533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.3533.

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3533 Background: Mutations occurring at the V600 amino acid of BRAF is the most common BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC), which lead to RAS-independent active monomers (Class 1) and are the targets of BRAF inhibitors. BRAF non-V600 mutants can be further classified as RAS-independent active dimers (Class 2) and RAS-dependent impaired kinase (Class 3). The clinical and genetic distinction of CRC patients carrying different subtypes of BRAF mutations remain to be revealed. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study investigated the mutational profiles of 2,118 CRC patients whose baseline
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20

Polimeno, Lorenzo, Michele Barone, Adriana Mosca, et al. "Soy Metabolism by Gut Microbiota from Patients with Precancerous Intestinal Lesions." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (2020): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040469.

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) requires the presence of a variety of factors predisposing a tumorigenic milieu. Excluding familial clustering and hereditary CRC syndromes, the development of sporadic CRC from precancerous lesions is influenced by tissue inflammation, modulation of intestinal immunity, hormones, dietary habits and gut microbiota composition. As concerning the last two aspects, the intestinal presence of equol, the most biologically active metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein and the presence of a genetic determinant of gut microbiota able to metabolize daidzein, seem
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21

Martianov, Aleksandr S., Ekaterina Sh Kuligina, Alexandr A. Romanko, and Evgeny N. Imyanitov. "Molecular genetic testing in colon cancer: clinical aspects." Almanac of Clinical Medicine, February 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18786/072-0505-2022-50-002.

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Molecular genetic diagnostics is an essential element to plan for management of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The choice of systemic treatment for CRC is impossible without molecular testing of the tumor. For instance, the assessment of the KRAS and NRAS genes is mandatory for consideration of anti-EGFR agents. Tumors with BRAF V600E mutation are characterized by aggressive behavior, the necessity of intensive cytostatic regimens, as well as by sensitivity to combination therapy with BRAF and EGFR inhibitors. Inactivation of the DNA mismatch repair, the MUTYH gene or DNA polymerase epsilon
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22

Khadilkar, Samrat Pundalik. "Colon Cancer Detection Using Hybrid Features and Genetically Optimized Neural Network Classifier." International Journal of Image and Graphics, June 19, 2021, 2250024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467822500243.

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Computer-assisted colon cancer detection on the histopathological images has become a tedious task due to its shape characteristics and other biological properties. The images acquired through the histopathological microscope may vary in magnifications for better visibility. This may change the morphological properties and hence an automated magnification independent colon cancer detection system is essential. The manual diagnosis of colon biopsy images is subjective, sluggish, laborious leading to nonconformity between histopathologists due to visual evaluation at various microscopic magnific
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23

Yan, Yumeng, Io Hong Cheong, Peizhan Chen, Xiaoguang Li, Xianli Wang, and Hui Wang. "Patient-derived rectal cancer organoids—applications in basic and translational cancer research." Frontiers in Oncology 12 (July 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.922430.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and among the leading causes of death in both men and women. Rectal cancer (RC) is particularly challenging compared with colon cancer as the treatment after diagnosis of RC is more complex on account of its narrow anatomical location in the pelvis adjacent to the urogenital organs. More and more existing studies have begun to refine the research on RC and colon cancer separately. Early diagnosis and multiple treatment strategies optimize outcomes for individual patients. However, the need for more accurate and precise model
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24

Ray, Suman Kumar, and Sukhes Mukherjee. "Nutrigenomics and Life Style Facet- A Modulatory Molecular Evidence in Progression of Breast and Colon Cancer with Emerging Importance." Current Molecular Medicine 21 (March 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524021666210331151323.

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: Legitimate nutrition assumes a significant role in preventing diseases and, in this way, nutritional interventions establish vital strategies in the area of public health. Nutrigenomics centres on the different genes and diet in an individual and how an individual’s genes influence the reaction to bioactive foodstuff. It targets considering the genetic and epigenetic interactions with nutrients to lead to a phenotypic alteration and consequently to metabolism, differentiation, or even apoptosis. Nutrigenomics and lifestyle factors play a vital role in health management and represent an excep
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25

Kumar, Rajesh, Seetha Harilal, Simone Carradori, and Bijo Mathew. "A comprehensive overview of colon cancer- a grim reaper of the 21st century." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27 (October 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666201026143757.

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: A few decades ago, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) was low and is now the fourth in the list of deadly cancers producing nearly a million deaths annually. A population that is aging along with risk factors such as smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle with little or no physical activity, and non-healthy food habits of developed countries can increase the risk of colorectal cancer. The balance in gut microbiota and the metabolites produced during bacterial fermentation within the host play a significant role in regulating intestinal diseases as well as colorectal cancer development.
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26

GRYTSENKO, Stepan, Ihor DZYUBANOVSKY, Ivanna HRYTSENKO, and Anatoliy BEDENIUK. "PREOPERATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSONALIZED ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT WITH RIGHT-SIDED COLON CANCER: SURGEON AND RADIOLOGIST POINT OF VIEW." ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 35 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-672020220002e1679.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: 3D-CT angiography has made it possible to reach a qualitatively new level in the determination of treatment tactics for patients with colorectal cancer. AIMS: This study aimed to analyze the clinical and radiological aspects that need to be discussed before surgery by a multidisciplinary team in patients with right-sided colon cancer. METHODS This study involved 103 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent preoperative 3D-CT angiography from 2016 to 2021 RESULTS: All patients underwent radical D3 right hemicolectomy. The median quantity of removal lymph nodes were 24.
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27

Pudlo, Nicholas A., Karthik Urs, Supriya Suresh Kumar, J. Bruce German, David A. Mills, and Eric C. Martens. "Symbiotic Human Gut Bacteria with Variable Metabolic Priorities for Host Mucosal Glycans." mBio 6, no. 6 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01282-15.

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ABSTRACTMany symbiotic gut bacteria possess the ability to degrade multiple polysaccharides, thereby providing nutritional advantages to their hosts. Like microorganisms adapted to other complex nutrient environments, gut symbionts give different metabolic priorities to substrates present in mixtures. We investigated the responses ofBacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a common human intestinal bacterium that metabolizes more than a dozen different polysaccharides, including theO-linked glycans that are abundant in secreted mucin. Experiments in which mucin glycans were presented simultaneously with
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