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Journal articles on the topic 'Colon myenteric plexus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 January 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Schusser, Gerald F., and Nathaniel A. White. "Morphologic and quantitative evaluation of the myenteric plexuses and neurons in the large colon of horses." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 210, no. 7 (1997): 928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1997.210.07.928.

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Objective— To determine the number of myenteric plexuses and neurons in the large colon of clinically normal horses and whether the number was decreased in the large colon of horses with colon disease. Design— Prospective study. Sample Population— Colon samples from 15 clinically normal horses and 31 horses with colon disease. Procedure— Samples were obtained, fixed, and stained with H&E. The number of myenteric plexuses and neurons and longitudinal muscle thickness were determined in each segment of colon for clinically normal horses. Counts for segments were compared with each other and

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2

Meier-Ruge, William A., and Luzia A. Brunner. "Morphometric Assessment of Hirschsprung's Disease: Associated Hypoganglionosis of the Colonic Myenteric Plexus." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 4, no. 1 (2001): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100240010115.

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At present, there are no generally acceptable criteria for the evaluation of hypoganglionosis of the myenteric plexus. The aim of this morphometrical investigation was to examine the most important quantitative characteristics of hypoganglionosis. Colon specimens from 35 children with Hirschsprung's disease were assessed morphometrically. Twenty specimens with Hirschsprung's disease and proximal hypoganglionosis of the myenteric plexus were compared with 15 specimens with Hirschsprung's disease and normal innervation in the proximal myenteric plexus. All native surgical specimens were caudocra

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3

Hagger, Robert, Sussan Gharaie, Caroline Finlayson, and Devinder Kumar. "Regional and transmural density of interstitial cells of Cajal in human colon and rectum." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 275, no. 6 (1998): G1309—G1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1998.275.6.g1309.

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The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are thought to play an important role in the control of gut motility. The regional and transmural pattern of distribution of ICC in the normal human colon and rectum was evaluated with immunohistochemistry using an anti-c- kit antibody. The transmural distribution of ICC was constant throughout the whole colon, the density of ICC was significantly greater at the myenteric plexus than at either the longitudinal or circular muscle layers, and in the rectum the transmural distribution was more even. Regionally, at the myenteric plexus, the transverse colon ha

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4

Adad, Sheila Jorge, Renata Margarida Etchebehere, and Alessandro Adad Jammal. "BLOOD VESSELS IN GANGLIA IN HUMAN ESOPHAGUS MIGHT EXPLAIN THE HIGHER FREQUENCY OF MEGAESOPHAGUS COMPARED WITH MEGACOLON." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 56, no. 6 (2014): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652014000600013.

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This study aimed to determine the existence of blood vessels within ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the human esophagus and colon. At necropsy, 15 stillborns, newborns and children up to two years of age, with no gastrointestinal disorders, were examined. Rings of the esophagus and colon were analyzed and then fixed in formalin and processed for paraffin. Histological sections were stained by hematoxylin-eosin, Giemsa and immunohistochemistry for the characterization of endothelial cells, using antibodies for anti-factor VIII and CD31. Blood vessels were identified within the ganglia of the

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Mandić, P., T. Filipović, N. Đukić, and V. Nedeljković. "MORPHOMETRIC AND STEREOLOGICAL ANALYSIS GANGLION STRUCTURES OF MYENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS, TERMINALLY PART OF HUMAN LARGE INTESTINE." Praxis medica 37, no. 2 (2009): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.70949/pramed200902289m.

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&lt;p&gt;Myenteric nervous plexus is from rare importance for function of gastrointestinal tract. It perform one regulatory level autonomic nervous system which is situated within wall of digestive tract wherefore is directly exposed effect pathogenetic factors from extern ambiance. Aim of these study is that itself within terminal part of large intestine (sigmoid colon and rectum) particulary inquest myentric nervous plexus as part of autonomic nervous system. That itself describe shape and arrangement of ganglion structures, as well as, shape and arrangement of ganglion cells of myen

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6

Berezin, I., J. D. Huizinga, and E. E. Daniel. "Structural characterization of interstitial cells of Cajal in myenteric plexus and muscle layers of canine colon." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 68, no. 11 (1990): 1419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y90-216.

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We have carried out a detailed ultrastructural study of the interstitial cells near the myenteric plexus of the canine colon and defined the structural characteristics which distinguish them from other resident non-neural cells. We have also examined the interconnections of these interstitial cells with nerves, the longitudinal muscle, and the circular muscle. In addition, we sought connections between interstitial cells of the myenteric plexus and those described earlier at the inner border of the circular muscle in proximal and distal colon. The interstitial cells of the myenteric plexus wer

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7

Wu, Luyao, Lei Xiang, Yingjian Chen, et al. "Three distinct classes of myenteric ganglia in mice and humans: insights from quantitative analyses." PeerJ 13 (April 24, 2025): e19329. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19329.

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Background The myenteric plexus primarily consists of the myenteric ganglia, which include enteric neurons, synaptic neuropils, and glial cells. Abnormal myenteric plexus formation can result in gastrointestinal disorders. Comprehensive morphological classification studies of myenteric ganglia remain limited. Methods Whole-mount immunofluorescence staining was used to label myenteric ganglia in colon tissue of mice and children. The ganglionic area and the number of intraganglion neurons were quantified by the K-means clustering algorithm. The guts of embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) mouse were cult

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8

Bistoletti, Michela, Giovanni Micheloni, Nicolò Baranzini, et al. "Homeoprotein OTX1 and OTX2 involvement in rat myenteric neuron adaptation after DNBS-induced colitis." PeerJ 8 (February 13, 2020): e8442. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8442.

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Background Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with remodeling of neuronal circuitries within the enteric nervous system, occurring also at sites distant from the acute site of inflammation and underlying disturbed intestinal functions. Homeoproteins orthodenticle OTX1 and OTX2 are neuronal transcription factors participating to adaptation during inflammation and underlying tumor growth both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. In this study, we evaluated OTX1 and OTX2 expression in the rat small intestine and distal colon myenteric plexus after intrarectal dinitro-benzen

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9

Wester, T., D. S. O’Briain, and P. Puri. "Notable postnatal alterations in the myenteric plexus of normal human bowel." Gut 44, no. 5 (1999): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.44.5.666.

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BACKGROUNDNitric oxide is the most important transmitter in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves in the human gastrointestinal tract. Impaired nitrergic innervation has been described in Hirschsprung’s disease, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and intestinal neuronal dysplasia (IND). Recent findings indicate that hyperganglionosis, one of the major criteria of IND, is age dependent. However, information is scanty regarding the neurone density in normal human bowel in the paediatric age group.AIMSTo determine neurone density, morphology, and nitric oxide synthase distribution of the normal myent

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Baruhee, Divya. "Developing myenteric plexus in human foetal colon." Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 66 (August 2017): S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.270.

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11

Stojanovska, Vanesa, Rachel M. McQuade, Sarah Miller, and Kulmira Nurgali. "Effects of Oxaliplatin Treatment on the Myenteric Plexus Innervation and Glia in the Murine Distal Colon." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 66, no. 10 (2018): 723–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155418774755.

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Oxaliplatin (platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent) is a first-line treatment of colorectal malignancies; its use associates with peripheral neuropathies and gastrointestinal side effects. These gastrointestinal dysfunctions might be due to toxic effects of oxaliplatin on the intestinal innervation and glia. Male Balb/c mice received intraperitoneal injections of sterile water or oxaliplatin (3 mg/kg/d) triweekly for 2 weeks. Colon tissues were collected for immunohistochemical assessment at day 14. The density of sensory, adrenergic, and cholinergic nerve fibers labeled with calcitonin gene-r

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12

Wiese, J. J., A. Fascì, A. A. Kühl, B. Siegmund, M. S. Prüß, and M. Schumann. "P061 Immune cell infiltrations of myenteric plexus in IBD – characterization and implications." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (2021): S167—S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.190.

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Abstract Background IBD frequently causes chronic abdominal pain and visceral hypersensitivity. To understand development of pain in IBD in more detail, we analyzed the inflammatory infiltration of the enteric nervous system (ENS). A crucial signaling point for pain transmission is the myenteric plexus situated in the smooth muscle layer of the colon wall. We investigated (i) the immune cell infiltration within the myenteric plexus, (ii) neuronal cell survival and (iii) expression of neurotransmitters by immunostaining in surgical colonic samples from patients with Crohn′s disease (CD) or ulce

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13

Bódi, Nikolett, Lalitha Chandrakumar, Afnan al Doghmi та ін. "Intestinal Region-Specific and Layer-Dependent Induction of TNFα in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and after Insulin Replacement". Cells 10, № 9 (2021): 2410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10092410.

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Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is essential in neuroinflammatory modulation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to reveal the effects of chronic hyperglycaemia and insulin treatment on TNFα expression in different gut segments and intestinal wall layers. TNFα expression was mapped by fluorescent immunohistochemistry and quantitative immunogold electron microscopy in myenteric ganglia of duodenum, ileum and colon. Tissue TNFα levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in muscle/myenteric plexus-containing (MUSCLE-MP) and mucosa/submucosa/submucous plexus-containing (MUC-S

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Bódi, Nikolett, Abigél Egyed-Kolumbán, Benita Onhausz, et al. "Intestinal Region-Dependent Alterations of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Myenteric Neurons of Type 1 Diabetic Rats." Biomedicines 11, no. 1 (2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010129.

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Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can activate pro-inflammatory cascades in the gastrointestinal tract. Our aim was to determine TLR4 expression in myenteric neurons of different gut regions using a type 1 diabetic model. Ten weeks after the onset of hyperglycemia, myenteric whole-mount preparations from the duodenum, ileum and colon of streptozotocin-induced diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic and control rats were prepared for TLR4/peripherin double-labelling fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Immunogold electron microscopy was applied to evaluate TLR4 expression in the myenteric perikaryon and neur

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15

Yakabi, Seiichi, Lixin Wang, Hiroshi Karasawa, et al. "VIP is involved in peripheral CRF-induced stimulation of propulsive colonic motor function and diarrhea in male rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 314, no. 5 (2018): G610—G622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00308.2017.

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We investigated whether vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and/or prostaglandins contribute to peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-induced CRF1 receptor-mediated stimulation of colonic motor function and diarrhea in rats. The VIP antagonist, [4Cl-D-Phe6, Leu17]VIP injected intraperitoneally completely prevented CRF (10 µg/kg ip)-induced fecal output and diarrhea occurring within the first hour after injection, whereas pretreatment with the prostaglandins synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, had no effect. In submucosal plexus neurons, CRF induced significant c-Fos expression most pr

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16

Inoue, T., T. Okasora, and E. Okamoto. "Effect on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors after experimental neuronal ablation in rat colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 269, no. 6 (1995): G940—G944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1995.269.6.g940.

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The etiology of denervation hypersensitivity was studied using a rat model. Degeneration of the myenteric plexus was produced by direct application of 0.1% benzalkonium chloride to the serosal surface of the distal colon. Thirty days later, the treated group was compared with a control group undergoing a sham operation. The treated group showed that the decreased number of ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus on routine stain and acetylcholinesterase staining demonstrated the myenteric plexus in the treated group diminished acetylcholinesterase activity. Methacholine (1%), a muscarinic agoni

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17

Hasler, W. L., S. Kurosawa, and O. Y. Chung. "Regional cholinergic differences between distal and proximal colonic myenteric plexus." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 258, no. 3 (1990): G404—G410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.3.g404.

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We investigated differences in myogenic and neural response of proximal vs. distal guinea pig colon in longitudinal and circular muscle. Spontaneous phasic contractions were more intense in distal colon in both layers. Phasic contractile frequency was also greater in distal colon in both layers. In both longitudinal and circular muscle, acetylcholine induced greater contractions in distal than in proximal colon (maximal response: longitudinal, 7.00 +/- 1.04 X 10(4) vs. 3.50 +/- 0.49 X 10(4) N/m2; circular, 3.29 +/- 0.82 X 10(4) vs. 8.92 +/- 1.30 X 10(3) N/m2). Compared with proximal colon, ele

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18

Huizinga, Jan D., Carlos Barajas-Lopez, and Edwin Chow. "Generation of spiking activity in circular muscle cells of the canine colon." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 10 (1987): 2147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-337.

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Spontaneous and current-induced electrical activity was recorded intracellularly to resolve the controversy whether or not the circular muscle layer of the colon generates spiking activity. Particularly in the first hour after mounting the tissue in the organ bath, spikes were recorded at both the submucosal and the myenteric plexus side of the muscle layer. Spikes were seen as part of the slow wave upstroke in the submucosal surface cells, and spikes occurred both at the upstroke potential and superimposed on the plateau potential in myenteric plexus surface cells. Spikes increased the force

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Tjwa, Eric T. T. L., Joelle M. Bradley, Catherine M. Keenan, Alfons B. A. Kroese та Keith A. Sharkey. "Interleukin-1β activates specific populations of enteric neurons and enteric glia in the guinea pig ileum and colon". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 285, № 6 (2003): G1268—G1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00073.2003.

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Fos expression was used to assess whether the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) activated specific, chemically coded neuronal populations in isolated preparations of guinea pig ileum and colon. Whether the effects of IL-1β were mediated through a prostaglandin pathway and whether IL-1β induced the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 was also examined. Single- and double-labeling immunohistochemistry was used after treatment of isolated tissues with IL-1β (0.1-10 ng/ml). IL-1β induced Fos expression in enteric neurons and also in enteric glia in the ileum and colon. For enteric n

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20

Frieling, T., H. J. Cooke, and J. D. Wood. "Electrophysiological properties of neurons in submucosal ganglia of guinea pig distal colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 260, no. 6 (1991): G835—G841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.260.6.g835.

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Intracellular recording methods were used in vitro to study the electrophysiological behavior of neurons in ganglia of the submucosal plexus in the distal colon of the guinea pig. The results revealed subpopulations of submucosal ganglion cells that corresponded to the AH/type 2, S/type 1, type 3, and type 4 subpopulations found elsewhere in the intestine. Electrical behavior of colonic submucosal neurons differed from the myenteric plexus of the colon, rectum, and stomach and the small intestinal submucosal plexus mainly in the relative proportions of the different subpopulations. Regional di

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AL Doghmi, Afnan, Bence Pál Barta, Abigél Egyed-Kolumbán та ін. "Gut Region-Specific Interleukin 1β Induction in Different Myenteric Neuronal Subpopulations of Type 1 Diabetic Rats". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, № 6 (2023): 5804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065804.

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Interleukin 1β (IL1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that may play a crucial role in enteric neuroinflammation in type 1 diabetes. Therefore, our goal is to evaluate the effects of chronic hyperglycemia and insulin treatment on IL1β immunoreactivity in myenteric neurons and their different subpopulations along the duodenum–ileum–colon axis. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry was used to count IL1β expressing neurons as well as the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive myenteric neurons within this group. Tissue IL1β level was measured by

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Matsumoto, Kenjiro, Emi Kurosawa, Hiroyuki Terui, et al. "Localization of TRPV1 and contractile effect of capsaicin in mouse large intestine: high abundance and sensitivity in rectum and distal colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 297, no. 2 (2009): G348—G360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.90578.2008.

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We investigated immunohistochemical differences in the distribution of TRPV1 channels and the contractile effects of capsaicin on smooth muscle in the mouse rectum and distal, transverse, and proximal colon. In the immunohistochemical study, TRPV1 immunoreactivity was found in the mucosa, submucosal, and muscle layers and myenteric plexus. Large numbers of TRPV1-immunoreactive axons were observed in the rectum and distal colon. In contrast, TRPV1-positive axons were sparsely distributed in the transverse and proximal colon. The density of TRPV1-immunoreactive axons in the rectum and distal col

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Feng, Mei, Junfang Qin, Chao Wang, et al. "Estradiol upregulates the expression of oxytocin receptor in colon in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 296, no. 5 (2009): E1059—E1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90609.2008.

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The study was designed to investigate the effect of estradiol on the excitatory effect of oxytocin (OT) on colon motility. Female Wistar rats were used, and some of them were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with vehicle or estradiol (E2). A plastic balloon made of condom was inserted into colon to monitor the change of colonic pressure in vivo. Longitudinal muscle strips of distal colon were prepared to monitor the spontaneous contraction of colon in vitro. Expression of OT receptor (OTR) was investigated by Western blot analysis. Expression of OTR mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Immunohistochem

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Luo, Jialie, Haitang Li, Dongsheng Shu, and Hongzhen Hu. "Calcium Sensing Receptor in Rat Myenteric Plexus of Colon." Gastroenterology 140, no. 5 (2011): S—521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(11)62163-x.

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Miampamba, Marcel, Celine Maillot, Mulugeta Million, and Yvette Taché. "Peripheral CRF activates myenteric neurons in the proximal colon through CRF1 receptor in conscious rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 282, no. 5 (2002): G857—G865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00434.2001.

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Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) injected peripherally induces clustered spike-burst activity in the proximal colon through CRF1 receptors in rats. We investigated the effect of intraperitoneal CRF on proximal colon ganglionic myenteric cell activity in conscious rats using Fos immunohistochemistry on the colonic longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus whole mount preparation. In vehicle-pretreated rats, there were only a few Fos immunoreactive (IR) cells per ganglion (1.2 ± 0.6). CRF (10 μg/kg ip) induced Fos expression in 19.6 ± 2.1 cells/ganglion. The CRF1/CRF2 antagonist astressin (33 μg/

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Smith, T. K., J. B. Reed, and K. M. Sanders. "Electrical pacemakers of canine proximal colon are functionally innervated by inhibitory motor neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 256, no. 3 (1989): C466—C477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.3.c466.

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Pacemaker activity in the canine proximal colon occurs at the submucosal and myenteric borders of the circular layer [Am. J. Physiol. 252 (Cell Physiol. 21): C215-C224 and C290-C299, 1987]. The present study investigated the neural regulation of rhythmic electrical activity. Spontaneous inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) were observed in intracellular recordings from circular muscle cells near the myenteric border. The amplitudes of these events decayed with distance through the circular layer. Stimulation at the myenteric plexus surface evoked IJPs that mimicked the spontaneous events. Sti

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Côbo, Eliângela de Castro, Thales Parenti Silveira, Adilha Misson Micheletti, Eduardo Crema, and Sheila Jorge Adad. "Research onTrypanosoma cruziand Analysis of Inflammatory Infiltrate in Esophagus and Colon from Chronic Chagasic Patients with and without Mega." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/232646.

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To compare parasitism and inflammatory process in esophagus and colon from chronic chagasic patients, immunohistochemistry was carried out to research forT. cruziand to evaluate the inflammatory infiltrate in the muscular and myenteric plexus in 39 esophagi (20 with and 19 without megaesophagus) and 50 colons (25 with and 25 without megacolon). The frequency ofT. cruziin megaesophagus was 20%, and in megacolon it was 4%. No amastigotes were found in organs without mega; considering the total of esophagi (with and without mega), the frequency ofT. cruziwould be 10% and 2% in the colon. Myositis

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Spencer, Nick J., Sarah J. Nicholas, Lucy Robinson, et al. "Mechanisms underlying distension-evoked peristalsis in guinea pig distal colon: is there a role for enterochromaffin cells?" American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 301, no. 3 (2011): G519—G527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00101.2011.

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The mechanisms underlying distension-evoked peristalsis in the colon are incompletely understood. It is well known that, following colonic distension, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is released from enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the intestinal mucosa. It is also known that exogenous 5-HT can stimulate peristalsis. These observations have led some investigators to propose that endogenous 5-HT release from EC cells might be involved in the initiation of colonic peristalsis, following distension. However, because no direct evidence exists to support this hypothesis, the aim of this study was to dete

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Chumasov, Evgenii I., Pavel N. Romashchenko, Nicolay A. Maistrenko, Vadim B. Samedov, Elena S. Petrova, and Dmitry E. Korzhevskii. "Pathohistological study of the ganglion plexuses of the sigmoid colon in patients with chronic slow-transit constipation." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, no. 3 (2021): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma75673.

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The morphological study of the resected sections of the colon obtained at the S.P. Fedorov Department of Faculty Surgery of S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, as a result of surgical treatment of patients with severe chronic slow-transit constipation, included an assessment of the changes in the structures of ganglion plexuses. Three cases were considered (women, aged 3740 years). Various degrees of pathological changes were detected in the ganglion plexuses (Auerbach and Meissner) of the sigmoid colon from patients with chronic slow-transit constipation using Nissls toluidine blue staining.

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Mandic, Predrag, Tatjana Filipovic, Milos Gasic, Natasa Djukic-Macut, Milan Filipovic, and Ivan Bogosavljevic. "Quantitative morphometric analysis of the myenteric nervous plexus ganglion structures along the human digestive tract." Vojnosanitetski pregled 73, no. 6 (2016): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp141231046m.

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Background/Aim. All the functions of the digestive system are controlled, guided and initiated by the autonomic nervous system. A special part of this system placed in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract is known as the enteric or metasympathetic nervous system. The aim of this study was to analyse myenteric nervous plexus in different parts of the digestive tract. Methods. We examined the myenteric nervous plexus of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon and rectum in tissue samples taken from 30 cadavers of persons aged 20-84 years. After standard histological

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Farraway, L., A. K. Ball, and J. D. Huizinga. "Intercellular metabolic coupling in canine colon musculature." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 268, no. 6 (1995): C1492—C1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.268.6.c1492.

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Intercellular communication within the musculature of the canine colon was studied by examining the results of neurobiotin diffusion after injection of the tracer into smooth muscle cells at different locations within the muscle layer. Circular muscle at the submucosal surface, circular muscle adjacent to the myenteric plexus, and longitudinal muscle demonstrated different degrees of time-dependent tracer spread. At the submucosal surface, tracer spread was rapid, extensive, and unimpeded by connective tissue septa. At the myenteric side, tracer spread was also extensive but was much slower an

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Wang, Y. F., and E. E. Daniel. "Gap junctions in gastrointestinal muscle contain multiple connexins." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281, no. 2 (2001): G533—G543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.2.g533.

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In the canine gastrointestinal tract, the roles that gap junctions play in pacemaking and neurotransmission are unclear. Using antibodies to connexin (Cx)43, Cx45, and Cx40, we determined the distribution of these connexins. Cx43 was present in all locations where structural gap junctions occur. Cx40 was also widely distributed in the circular muscle of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), stomach, and ileum. Cx45 was sparsely distributed in circular muscle of the LES. In the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) networks of myenteric plexus, in the deep muscular and submuscular plexuses, sparse

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Kimura, Takazumi, Tomofumi Amano, Hirotsugu Uehara, et al. "Urocortin I is present in the enteric nervous system and exerts an excitatory effect via cholinergic and serotonergic pathways in the rat colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 293, no. 4 (2007): G903—G910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00066.2007.

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Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin I (UcnI) have been shown to accelerate colonic transit after central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral administration, but the mechanism of their peripheral effect on colonic motor function has not been fully investigated. Furthermore, the localization of UcnI in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the colon is unknown. We investigated the effect of CRF and UcnI on colonic motor function and examined the localization of CRF, UcnI, CRF receptors, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and 5-HT. Isometric tension of rat colonic muscle strips was mea

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Broad, John, Victor W. S. Kung, Alexandra Palmer, et al. "Changes in neuromuscular structure and functions of human colon during ageing are region-dependent." Gut 68, no. 7 (2018): 1210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316279.

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ObjectiveTo determine if human colonic neuromuscular functions decline with increasing age.DesignLooking for non-specific changes in neuromuscular function, a standard burst of electrical field stimulation (EFS) was used to evoke neuronally mediated (cholinergic/nitrergic) contractions/relaxations in ex vivomuscle strips of human ascending and descending colon, aged 35–91 years (macroscopically normal tissue; 239 patients undergoing cancer resection). Then, to understand mechanisms of change, numbers and phenotype of myenteric neurons (30 306 neurons stained with different markers), densities

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Sant'Ana, Débora de Mello Gonçales, Sônia Lucy Molinari, and Marcílio Hubner Miranda-Neto. "Effects of protein and vitamin B deficiency on blood parameters and myenteric neurons of the colon of rats." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 59, no. 3A (2001): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2001000400003.

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The aims of this work were to evaluate the effects of the deficient ingestion of protein and vitamin B on the biochemical and hematologic parameters and on the NADH- and NADPH-diaphorase positive myenteric neurons. The control animals (n=10) received commercial chow and the experimental rats (n=10) received chow with protein level reduced to 8% during 120 days. At the time of killing blood was collected for assessment of the blood and hematologic parameters and the ascending colon for quantitative analysis of the neurons of the myenteric plexus. It was observed that the reduction of the protei

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Trout, S. J. "Assessment of acetylcholine release from myenteric plexus of guinea-pig colon." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 38, no. 4 (1986): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1986.tb04575.x.

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Wongkrasant, P., J. B. CAVIN, O. Balemba, W. MacNaughton, and K. Sharkey. "A275 MECHANOSENSITIVE KCA2 + 1.1 CHANNEL MEDIATES INTRALUMINAL DISTENSION-INDUCED CALCIUM INFLUX IN ENTERIC NEURONS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 6, Supplement_1 (2023): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwac036.275.

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Abstract Background The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the extensive neural network within the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that is essential for the control of gut function. However, the mechanisms whereby the ENS responds to the mechanical forces associated with distension are not well understood, and this has implications for gut function in health and disease. Purpose This study aims to determine the mechanisms underlying the responsiveness of enteric neural circuits in the myenteric plexus to intraluminal distension. Method Intact segments of the colon from mice expressing a g

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Barajas-Lopez, C., and J. D. Huizinga. "Different mechanisms of contraction generation in circular muscle of canine colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 256, no. 3 (1989): G570—G580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1989.256.3.g570.

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Smooth muscle cells from the circular muscle layer of the dog colon showed a mechanical threshold of -44 mV. No gradient in mechanical threshold was measured between the cells from the submucosal and myenteric plexus surface. The threshold was passed during the upstroke and the plateau phase of the spontaneous slow-wave activity from cells at the submucosal surface and by spike potentials occurring mainly in cells at the myenteric plexus surface and sporadically in cells at the submucosal surface. Carbachol-induced specific changes in electrical and mechanical activities that were inhibited by

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Dajnowska, Aleksandra, Cezary Osiak-Wicha, Małgorzata Piech, et al. "Immunoexpression of Spexin in Selected Segments of the Bovine (Bos taurus taurus) Gastrointestinal Tract." Animals 13, no. 24 (2023): 3789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13243789.

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In the expansive domain of neuropeptide investigation, spexin (SPX) has emerged as a captivating subject, exerting a significant impact on diverse physiological processes. Initially identified in mice, SPX’s distribution transcends various organs, suggesting its potential regulatory roles. Despite extensive research in smaller species, a notable gap exists in our comprehension of SPX in larger mammals, particularly ruminants. Our study meticulously explores the immunolocalization of SPX within the gastrointestinal organs of bovines, with a specific focus on the abomasum, jejunum, and colon. Ti

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Spencer, Nick J., Grant W. Hennig, and Terence K. Smith. "Electrical rhythmicity and spread of action potentials in longitudinal muscle of guinea pig distal colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 282, no. 5 (2002): G904—G917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00345.2001.

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Using simultaneous intracellular recordings, we have characterized 1) electrical activity in the longitudinal muscle (LM) of isolated segments of guinea pig distal colon free to contract spontaneously and 2) extent of propagation of spontaneous action potentials around the circumference of the colon. In all animals, rhythmical spontaneous depolarizations (SDs) were recorded that are usually associated with the generation of action potentials. Recordings from pairs of LM cells, separated by 100 μm in the circumferential axis, revealed that each action potential was phase locked at the two elect

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Furukawa, K., G. S. Taylor, and R. A. Bywater. "An intracellular study of myenteric neurons in the mouse colon." Journal of Neurophysiology 55, no. 6 (1986): 1395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.55.6.1395.

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Intracellular recordings have been made in vitro from the myenteric neurons of the distal colon of normal littermates of the piebald-lethal mouse. Out of a total of 90 neurons, 82 were classified as S/type 1 cells and 8 as AH/type 2 cells. Seventy-eight out of 82 S cells showed spontaneous fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) sensitive to d-tubocurarine (dTC, 280 microM), and 22 S cells showed spontaneous action potentials (APs). Six S cells and 1 AH cell showed spontaneous nonnicotinic slow depolarizations associated with an increase in the input resistance of the cells; during the

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Veličkov, Aleksandra Ivana, Branka Djordjević, Milica Lazarević та ін. "Distributions of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-α Positive Cells and Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Colon of Rats with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2". Medicina 59, № 2 (2023): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020308.

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Background and Objectives: Diabetic gastroenteropathy (DG) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus type 2. Interstitial cells are non-neural cells of mesenchymal origin inserted between nerve elements and smooth muscle cells, necessary for normal function and peristaltic contractions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There are at least two types of interstitial cells within the GI muscle layer—interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and interstitial platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive cells (IPC). The mechanism of diabetic gastroenteropathy is unclear, and interstitial cells d

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Leite-Mello, Emeri V. S., Sandra Regina Stabille, and Marcílio H. Miranda-Neto. "Effect of maternal protein deprivation on morphological and quantitative aspects of the myenteric plexus neurons of proximal colon in rats." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 55, no. 1 (1997): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1997000100017.

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We have studied the morphological and quantitative aspects of the myenteric plexus neurons of the proximal colon in rats (Rattus norvegicus of Wistar strain) submitted to a protein deprivation during prenatal and lactation periods. Twenty pregnant dams were divided in four groups labeled according to the kind of nourishment they were given: Group NN, normal diet; Group DN, low protein diet during prenatal period, and normal diet during lactation period; Group ND, normal diet during prenatal period, and low protein diet during lactation period; Group DD, low protein diet during prenatal and lac

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Wang, L., V. Martínez, H. Kimura, and Y. Taché. "5-Hydroxytryptophan activates colonic myenteric neurons and propulsive motor function through 5-HT4 receptors in conscious mice." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 292, no. 1 (2007): G419—G428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00289.2006.

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Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] acts as a modulator of colonic motility and secretion. We characterized the action of the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on colonic myenteric neurons and propulsive motor activity in conscious mice. Fos immunoreactivity (IR), used as a marker of neuronal activation, was monitored in longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus whole mount preparations of the distal colon 90 min after an intraperitoneal injection of 5-HTP. Double staining of Fos IR with peripheral choline acetyltransferase (pChAT) IR or NADPH-diaphorase activity was performed. The inje

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Green, Christina L., Winnie Ho, Keith A. Sharkey, and Derek M. McKay. "Dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis reveals nicotinic modulation of ion transport via iNOS-derived NO." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 287, no. 3 (2004): G706—G714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00076.2004.

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In normal colon, ACh elicits a luminally directed Cl− efflux from enterocytes via activation of muscarinic receptors. In contrast, in the murine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, an inhibitory cholinergic ion transport event due to nicotinic receptor activation has been identified. The absence of nicotinic receptors on enteric epithelia and the ability of nitric oxide (NO) to modulate ion transport led us to hypothesize that NO mediated the cholinergic nicotinic receptor-induced changes in ion transport. Midportions of colon from control and DSS-treated mice were examined

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Porter, A. J., D. A. Wattchow, S. J. H. Brookes, and M. Costa. "Cholinergic and nitrergic interneurones in the myenteric plexus of the human colon." Gut 51, no. 1 (2002): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.51.1.70.

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Johannes Rumessen, Jüri, Jean-Marie Vanderwinden, Helle Rasmussen, Alastair Hansen, and Thomas Horn. "Ultrastructure of interstitial cells of Cajal in myenteric plexus of human colon." Cell and Tissue Research 337, no. 2 (2009): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-009-0818-6.

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Capetandes, Anthony, Jerry Di Salvo, John J. Ronan, and Kenneth A. Thomas. "Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor is Present in the Enteric Nervous System of the Large Intestine." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 48, no. 3 (2000): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540004800310.

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Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is a heparin binding protein that displays pleiotropic activity. The purpose of this study was to document the presence of the translated aFGF product, its mRNA, and its location in the colon. mRNA was extracted from bovine large intestine and reverse transcribed to cDNA. Nested-primer PCR was used to determine the presence of mRNA using primers homologous to the previously published bovine aFGF cDNA. Purification of translated aFGF was performed using an established HPLC protocol. Western blot analysis of the HPLC fractions was performed using two epitop

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Grider, J. R., A. Arimura, and G. M. Makhlouf. "Role of somatostatin neurons in intestinal peristalsis: facilitatory interneurons in descending pathways." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 253, no. 4 (1987): G434—G438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1987.253.4.g434.

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The role of somatostatin neurons in the regulation of peristalsis was examined in segments of rat colon that permit separate characterization of the ascending contraction and descending relaxation components of the peristaltic reflex. Release of somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) increased significantly only during descending relaxation. Preincubation of the segment with somatostatin antiserum (final concentration 1:40) decreased VIP release and descending relaxation. Addition of somatostatin (1 nM to 1 microM) augmented VIP release and descending relaxation in a concentratio

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Berezin, Irene, Jan D. Huizinga, Laura Farraway, and Edwin E. Daniel. "Innervation of interstitial cells of Cajal by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide containing nerves in canine colon." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 68, no. 7 (1990): 922–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y90-141.

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The hypothesis was tested, through structural and functional studies, that interstitial cells of Cajal receive and can respond to direct innervation from nerves containing the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide neuromediator. The submucosal network of interstitial cells of Cajal has been postulated to provide pacemaking activity for the circular muscle and to be involved in neurotransmission from noradrenergic, noncholinergic nerves for which vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is a putative mediator. The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P immunoreactive material in

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