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Journal articles on the topic 'Colonial administrator'
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1
Kirk-Greene, Anthony. "Public administration and the colonial administrator." Public Administration and Development 19, no. 5 (December 1999): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-162x(199912)19:5<507::aid-pad108>3.0.co;2-9.
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Dimier, Veronique. "For a New Start: Resettling French Colonial Administrators in the Prefectoral Corps." Itinerario 28, no. 1 (March 2004): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300019124.
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This could be considered as the ‘swan song’ of a French colonial administrator in Tropical Africa. Between 1958 and 1961, most of these colonial administrators had to leave what was soon to be considered one of the major sins committed by France in the twentieth century: the Empire. For some of them it was a real shock, from which they never recovered. Of course, it was the normal outcome of the very process they had prepared: to teach the African peoples how to rule themselves. But: ‘Did it not come too early leaving the new African elite insufficiently prepared?’ If this were so, was ‘the great sin of France not to colonise but to decolonise too quickly?’
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Wright, Jonathan Jeffrey. "‘The Belfast Chameleon’: Ulster, Ceylon and the Imperial Life of Sir James Emerson Tennent." Britain and the World 6, no. 2 (September 2013): 192–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2013.0096.
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Using the varied life and career of the Belfast-born writer, parliamentarian and sometime colonial administrator James Emerson Tennent as a case study, this article explores the complexity of imperial lives and highlights some aspects of Ulster's connection to empire in the pre-Home Rule era. One of many Ulstermen active in imperial administration, Emerson Tennent served as colonial secretary in Ceylon between 1845 and 1850. Although short-lived and controversial, his career as a colonial administrator is nevertheless revealing, particularly insofar as it offers insights into the personal animosities and the networks of connection that existed in Ceylon's close-knit British community. More broadly, the article seeks to view the metropolitan and the colonial as a whole, arguing that while Emerson Tennent spent only a brief time in the Empire his imperial life was longer and more complex than this suggests. To this end, the imperial rhetoric he expressed as a parliamentarian in the 1830s and early 1840s is discussed, as are his later writing on Ceylon and his donations of scientific specimens and ethnographic artefacts to the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society. Through writing and donation, it is argued, Emerson Tennent continued his imperial career, mediating empire to metropolitan audiences, both local and national.
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Pearce, Robert L. "Alexander Collie, 1793‐1835: Colonial surgeon, naturalist, explorer and administrator." Medical Journal of Australia 161, no. 10 (November 1994): 632–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127648.x.
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JEPPESEN, CHRIS. "‘SANDERS OF THE RIVER, STILL THE BEST JOB FOR A BRITISH BOY’; RECRUITMENT TO THE COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE AT THE END OF EMPIRE." Historical Journal 59, no. 2 (January 12, 2016): 469–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x15000114.
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ABSTRACTIn February 1951, the Sunday Express printed a piece extolling the virtues of a Colonial Service career, under the headline: ‘Sanders of the River, Still the Best Job for a British Boy’. This article explores the ideological and practical reasons why Sanders of the River, a character apparently so at odds with the post-Second World War Colonial Service message, continued to hold enough cultural resonance that it was considered appropriate to utilize him as a recruitment tool in 1951. Edgar Wallace's literary creation occupied a defining place in metropolitan understandings of the Colonial Service's work. Yet, by 1951, the ideological aims of the colonial project were changing. Sanders's paternalism had been dismissed in favour of a rhetoric that emphasized partnership and progress. The post-1945 district officer was expected to be a modern administrator, ready to work alongside educated Africans to prepare Britain's colonies for self-government. Exploring both Colonial Office recruitment strategies and recruits’ career motivations, this article situates the often ignored issue of Colonial Service recruitment at the end of empire within a wider cultural context to illuminate why, even as many turned away from careers in empire after 1945, a significant number of young Britons continued to apply.
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Digal, Pratap. "De-constructing the term “tribe/tribal” in India: a post-colonial reading." International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.5104.
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The British colonial administrator-ethnographers in India were pioneers who surveyed and carried out expeditions on tribes but often their methods were doubtful. Their survey reports and papers became the source of precious information about such province and at the same time a tool for their continuous development of colonial administration. However by using official machinery and tour for collecting data they bypassed the ethical consideration of research. Their writings in many ways ended up contorting tribes as being synonymous with being backward, uncivilized and barbarous. This study critically analyzes the notion of tribes in India as perceived and studied by anthropologists. It also interrogates the Ontology and Epistemic premises of their Knowledge Production on tribes in India. The paper concludes by discussing the various issues on tribal discourse in India.
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Phatshwane, Percy M. D. "Reflections on the Contributions of Sir Charles Rey to the Development of Financial Control and Accountability in the Bechuanaland Protectorate (1929-1937)." International Business & Economics Studies 3, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ibes.v3n1p1.
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This essay examines the diaries of Sir Charles F. Rey, Resident Commissioner of Bechuanaland, covering the years 1929-1937. The paper summarizes and reviews the accounting thoughts, activities and practices during a period of British colonial rule in Bechuanaland Protectorate. It illustrates early accounting and budgetary practices, as well as their role in influencing and shaping political and socio-economic development. The paper reveals that nuances of accounting history are contained in literary and archival documents, and that accounting practitioners and researchers should explore these scripts in order to understanding the introduction and development of accounting in the African continent. It further suggests that Sir Charles Rey’s memoirs show him to be a financial manager and administrator of note, albeit one who used financial management techniques to maintain control over natives, European businesses, and colonial administrators. This notwithstanding, this paper encourages researchers and practitioners to locate accounting history from such writings.
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Maderspacher, Alois. "The National Archives of Cameroon in Yaoundé and Buea." History in Africa 36 (2009): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0009.
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Even in learned journals on African and imperial history, few references have been made to the records contained in the archives in Cameroon, West Africa. Kamerun was a German colony (Schutzgebiet) from 1884-1916/19. In 1911, the Germans took over New Cameroon (Neu Kamerun), 295,000 km2 of land of French Equatorial Africa, ceded during the second Morocco Crisis. After World War I this transaction was reversed and the German colony was separated into French and British League of Nations Mandates in 1919. These mandates were transformed into United Nations Trusteeships in 1946. Finally, French Cameroun became independent in 1960, and after a plebiscite in 1961, one part of the British Cameroons joined Nigeria and the other part reunited with the formerly French part, now the independent Federal Republic of Cameroon.Due to the involvement of three colonial powers in Cameroon, the national archives in Yaoundé and Buea are an excellent source for the colonial history of West Africa, allowing for a simultaneous analysis of German, French, and British files. Whereas the colonial files in the European archives mainly give us the point of view of high politics, the archives in Cameroon offer a different dimension. The files reveal the intricacies of the colonial system on the ground, and the problems with which the colonial administrator had to cope in the bush: How did one introduce European legal tender in a territory never touched by Europeans before? How did one cope with the colonial rivals, who were couching at the frontiers to take over the territory? How did one attempt to win peoples' hearts and minds day in and day out? What happened when the new colonial power took over a territory with an already developed administration from another colonial power, as it took place in Cameroon in 1911 and 1916/19? The national archives of Cameroon contain potential answers to these questions. Hence this paper will focus on the sources that are available for the colonial period in these archives.
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Post, Philip. "Governors, Regents, and Rituals: an Exploration of Colonial Diplomacy in Ambon at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century." Diplomatica 3, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25891774-03010004.
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Abstract This article analyses how the Dutch colonial state in Ambon in the early nineteenth century tried to reestablish relations with local regents, making use of already existing protocols that were produced during the period of the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (1602–1799). Engaging in colonial diplomacy was very important because the demise of the voc (1796) and two short periods of British rule in Ambon (1796–1803 and 1810–17) had shaken Dutch rule to its foundations. To reestablish its legitimacy with these local rulers, the colonial state made use of diplomatic protocols, documents and rituals which had been drawn up and negotiated by the voc. This article will focus on comparing the so-called “Instruction for the Regents,” which was drawn up in 1771 by a voc administrator, with one that was reissued in 1818 by the colonial state and will analyze a number of rituals and protocols which played an important role in defining the relationship between the governor and the regents.
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LEES, JAMES. "Administrator-scholars and the Writing of History in Early British India: A review article." Modern Asian Studies 48, no. 3 (July 30, 2013): 826–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x13000322.
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AbstractThe histories of Asian peoples penned by British East India Company officials during the early years of colonial rule—rightly—have long been considered to be doubtful source material within the historiography of South Asia. Their credibility was suspect well before the middle of the twentieth century, when Bernard Cohn's work began to present the British colonial state as one that relentlessly sought to categorize Indian society, and to use the distorted information thus gained to impose its government.However, the histories of these administrator-scholars still retain value—not as accurate studies of their subjects, perhaps, but as barometers of the times in which they were written and also in the unexpected ways in which some continue to resonate in the present. To illustrate that point, this paper will review three recent monographs which deal with the writings and historical legacies of some of the Company's most prominent early nineteenth-century administrator-scholars. These are: Jason Freitag's Serving Empire, Serving Nation: James Tod and the Rajputs of Rajasthan; Jack Harrington's Sir John Malcolm and the Creation of British India; and Rama Mantena's work centred around the antiquarian pursuits of Colin Mackenzie, The Origins of Modern Historiography in India: Antiquarianism and Philology, 1780–1880.1
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Nuralia, Lia. "Artefak Kolonial Perkebunan Panglejar, Maswati, Rajamandala Masa Hindia Belanda: Arti dan Arah Sejarah." PANALUNGTIK 3, no. 1 (September 28, 2020): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24164/pnk.v3i1.35.
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Colonial plantation artifacts are an important cultural in the history of plantation at Bandung, West Java. What and how the plantation artifacts are the main problem in this paper. the purpose of this paper is to explain the colonial plantation artifacts in the form of inscriptions and old maps of the garden. The method used is a desk research on archeological research reports, books, and the internet. The data sources obtained are the inscription of the establishment of the old Panglejar tea factory in the IHT Building, the inscription of the establishment of the Administrator of Maswati Plantation house in the Pusdiklat Building, and the old map of the Rajamandala P lantation in the Office of Rajamandala Afdeling 1 of Panglejar Platation. The three colonial artifacts give special meaning to the continuity of plantation history since the days of the Dutch East Indies until now, as well as showing directions to search for and find historical information through colonial archival research and information from interviews with relevant informants at the present time.
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Pondopoulo, Anna. "AMADOU HAMPÂTÉ BÂ AND THE WRITER ROBERT ARNAUD (RANDAU): AFRICAN COLONIAL SERVICE AND LITERATURE." Islamic Africa 1, no. 2 (June 3, 2010): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21540993-90000018.
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This article explores the possible links between the literary works of the writer and colonial administrator, Robert Arnaud (1873–1950; better known by his literary pseudonym Robert Randau) and Amadou Hampaté Bâ. The author of Wangrin and Oui, mon commandant! was well-acquainted with Arnaud who, following a career devoted largely to Islamic issues, became in 1924 an inspector of administrative affairs in Upper Volta and, in 1927–28, served as acting governor of this territory. The personal papers of Arnaud both shed new light on certain administrative incidents that are also described in the works of Hampâté Bâ and also allow us to think in new ways about the role played by Africans in French colonial rule.
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Kasimba, Yogolelo Tambwe Ya. "Essai d'Interprétation du Cliché de Kangere (dans la Région des Grands Lacs Africains)." Journal of African History 31, no. 3 (November 1990): 353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700031133.
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The Kangere cliché is widespread in the Great Lakes region of Zaire (Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika), where the Bembe, Fulero, Havu, Lega, Nyindu, Shi, Vira and others live. This cliché has been collected since the 1910s by missionary and colonial administrator researchers. Later it has been heavily used and interpreted in different ways. Thus certain modern scholars have made Kangere the first ‘king’ of the region and the ‘father’ of all bami, that is, the ‘kings’ of various ancient kingdoms existing on the shores of the Great Lakes, including Rwanda and Burundi! Their single aim was to refute the ‘Hamitic myth’.In fact, the Kangere cliché is woven together from different elements taken from various ethnic groups of the region. Its elements were ordered at the same time that they were collected, in the course of the 1910s and the 1920s. They constitute an African response to the preoccupation of the colonial administration of those years: the creation of vast ethnic groups and politically and administratively viable entities. Whites wanted tribes, and blacks created them; whites wanted great chiefs, and blacks created them, the bami.In their interpretation of the Kangere cliché, these researchers quite simply confused, erroneously, the ‘bwami symbol’ of personalized power (which existed in the area, and which chiefs of different ethnic groups possessed) with the ‘bwami state’ or kingdom, of recent, colonial creation.
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Burke, Edmund. "FANNY COLONNA (1934–2014)." International Journal of Middle East Studies 47, no. 2 (April 27, 2015): 417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074381500032x.
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Fanny Reynaud Colonna was born in 1934 in El Milia in eastern Algeria, the daughter of a French civil administrator who made sure she learned Arabic. She died on 18 November 2014 in Paris at the age of eighty. Widely regarded as the foremost sociologist/anthropologist of Algeria of her generation, Fanny's life and publications were devoted to raising inconvenient questions about the colonial fact and its contemporary afterlife.
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Laroque, Claude. "Tonkin’s giấy dó and its Chinese roots." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 14, no. 3 (November 18, 2020): 451–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2020.633.
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There are various sources concerning the manufacture of Indochinese paper at the beginning of the 20th century: articles published in colonial magazines by engineers or by industrial managers working in Indochina, photographs and postcards taken by the colonial services; the work of Henri Oger, administrator of the French civil services stationed in Hanoi between 1912 and 1919; and during a later period and Dard Hunter’s book published in 1947, following a trip he made to Indochina. These sources provide a fairly precise idea of paper production and its social organisation in the region. This article presents the production of paper in the northern part of present-day Vietnam. It attempts to show the links between the Chinese and Tonkinese paper making.
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Nikolic, Anja. "Similarities and differences in imperial administration Great Britain in Egypt and Austria-Hungary in Bosnia-Herzegovina 1878-1903." Balcanica, no. 47 (2016): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1647177n.
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This article discusses the similarities and differences of the position of Great Britain in Egypt and Austria-Hungary in Bosnia-Herzegovina in the age of New Imperialism. Comparative approach will allow us to put both situations in their historical context. Austria-Hungary?s absorption of Bosnia-Herzegovina was part of colonial involvement throughout the world. Egypt and Bosnia-Herzegovina were formally parts of the Ottoman Empire, although occupied and administrated by European Powers. Two administrators, Evelyn Baring as consul-general in Egypt and Benjamin von K?llay as civil administrator of Bosnia-Herzegovina, believed that it was their duty to bring ?civilization?, prosperity and western culture to these lands - a classic argumentation found in the New Imperialism discourse. One of the most important tasks for both administrators was fighting the national movements, which led to the suppression of political freedoms and the introduction of a large administrative apparatus to govern the newly-occupied lands. Complete control over political life and the educational system was also one of the major features of both administrations. Both Great Britain in Egypt and Austria-Hungary in Bosnia-Herzegovina never tackled the agrarian question for their own political reasons. British rule in Egypt and Austro-Hungarian in Bosnia-Herzegovina bore striking resemblances.
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Schroeder, Susan. "SEMINARIES AND WRITING THE HISTORY OF NEW SPAIN: An Interview with Stafford Poole, C.M." Americas 69, no. 02 (October 2012): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500002005.
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Over the course of the past half century, the field of colonial Latin American history has been greatly enriched by the contributions of Father Stafford Poole. He has written 14 books and 84 articles and book chapters and has readily shared his knowledge at coundess symposia and other scholarly forums. Renowned as a historian, he was also a seminary administrator and professor of history in Missouri and California. Moreover, his background and formation are surely unique among priests in the United States and his story is certainly worth the telling.
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Schroeder, Susan. "SEMINARIES AND WRITING THE HISTORY OF NEW SPAIN: An Interview with Stafford Poole, C.M." Americas 69, no. 2 (October 2012): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2012.0072.
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Over the course of the past half century, the field of colonial Latin American history has been greatly enriched by the contributions of Father Stafford Poole. He has written 14 books and 84 articles and book chapters and has readily shared his knowledge at coundess symposia and other scholarly forums. Renowned as a historian, he was also a seminary administrator and professor of history in Missouri and California. Moreover, his background and formation are surely unique among priests in the United States and his story is certainly worth the telling.
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Bayly, C. A. "Knowing the Country: Empire and Information in India." Modern Asian Studies 27, no. 1 (February 1993): 3–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00016061.
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Kingsley Martin's critique of imperialism was born out of socialist rationalism and long overseas lecture tours. But in Leonard Woolf, his friend and periodic replacement at the offices of the New Statesman, we have a confidant who had, for several years before 1914, abandoned the rarefied circles of Bloomsbury, to become a civil administrator in Ceylon. Woolf's experience of colonial government had soured him from the beginning. He came to feel that the British were eternally shut out from knowledge of the lives of the Ceylonese subjects by an almost palpable curtain of ignorance and racial prejudice. Those temples of accumulated colonial knowledge, the district offices where he worked, were ‘great monuments of official incompetence, bottlenecks of delay’. When he tried to galvanize into action these places of sacred lore, the squeals of rage, from Briton and Ceylonese alike, were louder than if he had trespassed into the holiest Buddhist shrine. Yet, for all that, Woolf remained a devout believer in the individualist myth that sustained colonial rule: the ideal of the lone colonial officer and sage, standing at the centre of a web of untainted knowledge, the man who ‘knows the country’.British rule might be saved from damnation if liberal judgement were based on pure information. The problem was that, at some level, information hadto come from a ‘native informant’, an agent, a spy, an ‘approver’ who turned King's Evidence, and, by their very nature, such agencies could not be trusted.
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Keese, Alexander. "Why Stay? Forced Labor, the Correia Report, and Portuguese–South African Competition at the Angola–Namibia Border, 1917–1939." History in Africa 42 (May 29, 2015): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2015.20.
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AbstractThe so far unknown report by Norberto Correia, Portuguese administrator of the Baixo-Cunene border district, is an impressive document on forced labor and flight at the Angola-Namibia border, written by a controversial official fallen into disgrace after a regime change in the metropole. Correia’s acerbic and detailed analysis allows fresh interpretations of a border situation that is only at first glance well-known. By contrasting the Correia report with documentation from South African officials and the voices of their Ovambo partners in indirect rule, we come to clearer understanding of motivations and options at this unruly colonial border.
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Keese, Alexander. "Managing the Prospect of Famine: Cape Verdean Officials, Subsistence Emergencies, and the Change of Elite Attitudes During Portugal's Late Colonial Phase, 1939–1961." Itinerario 36, no. 1 (April 2012): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115312000368.
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In early 1959, Luiz Rendall Silva, Cape Verdean administrator of the concelho (district) of Fogo, on the volcano island of that name in the Sotavento group (Leeward Islands), wrote a very energetic report to his Portuguese superiors. He complained to the Governor of Cape Verde about the lack of decisiveness in Portugal's colonial welfare policy, and about the absence of clear programmes for the future of the islands. In his words, he wished “for the improvement of the Cape Verdean land and for the benefit of its populations, and for a more visible advancement of the civilising mission.”
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SHADLE, BRETT L. "‘CHANGING TRADITIONS TO MEET CURRENT ALTERING CONDITIONS’: CUSTOMARY LAW, AFRICAN COURTS AND THE REJECTION OF CODIFICATION IN KENYA, 1930–60." Journal of African History 40, no. 3 (November 1999): 411–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853799007513.
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If the aim of British colonizers, Frederick Lugard wrote, was to civilize Africans ‘and to devote thought to those matters which…most intimately affect their daily life and happiness, there are few of greater importance than the constitution of native courts’. Moreover, he argued that only from native courts employing customary law was it ‘possible to create rudiments of law and order, to inculcate a sense of responsibility, and evolve among a primitive community some sense of discipline and respect for authority’. Britain had not the manpower, the money nor the mettle to rule by force of arms alone. Essentially, in order to make colonial rule work with only a ‘thin white line’ of European administrators, African ideas of custom and of law had to be incorporated into the new state systems. In a very real way, customary law and African courts provided the ideological and financial underpinnings for European colonial rule.In Kenya from at least the 1920s, but especially in the 1940s and 1950s, administrators struggled with the question of how customary law could best be used in African courts. Prominent among their concerns was the codification of customary law, against which most administrators vigorously fought. British officials believed that reducing African custom to written law and placing it in a code would ‘crystalize’ it, altering its fundamentally fluid or evolutionary nature. Colonizers naturally harbored intentions of using the law to shape society (as Cooper has demonstrated for the Kenya coast) but a fluid, unwritten law provided much greater latitude to pursue these goals. It was necessary, as one administrator put it, to allow ‘changing traditions to meet current altering conditions’.This case study of Kenya offers a different understanding of the history of customary law.
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Mann, Gregory. "Dust to Dust: a User's Guide to Local Archives in Mali." History in Africa 26 (January 1999): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172151.
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In recent years political changes in Mali have opened up new research opportunities for historians and other social scientists interested in the country's colonial and post-colonial past. With the new government has come a change in administrative attitudes regarding access to local archives, in other words those held at the level of the cercle. Although these archives can be in terrible condition, they contain precious information unique to each cercle. In the course of my own research I have been able to gain access to two such archives in southern Mali, in the summer of 1996 and again in 1998. Using these two archives as an example and drawing on the anecdotal evidence of colleagues, the following comments offer a rough appraisal of the nature of cercle archives in Mali. The paper covers the type of documentation available, the condition of the collections, and my own experiences in using them. Although my experience is limited to southern Mali, local administrations across francophone West Africa are likely to have similar holdings, given the essential uniformity of French administrative structures in colonial West Africa.In addition to providing otherwise scarce documentary evidence on local events, these archives contain a good deal of correspondence which passed from one commandant de cercle to another, bypassing the central administration in the colony's capital. The information contained in this correspondence is therefore difficult to find in national archives, and I suspect that most of it is absent altogether. The volume of such correspondence is surprising. For example, regarding a religious movement based in one of these towns in the late 1940s, I found fifty-odd letters and telegrams addressed to the local administrator by his colleagues, asking him for information and keeping him abreast of local manifestations of the movement in their own regions. None of these messages had been routed through the central administration, and the commandant had sent his superiors no more than a digest of events in which much detail was suppressed.
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Davidson, Allan K. "Useful Industry and Muscular Christianity: George Augustus Selwyn and His Early Years as Bishop of New Zealand." Studies in Church History 37 (2002): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400014807.
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Charles Kingsley in 1855 gave the following dedication to his novel, Westward Ho!:To the Rajah Sir James Brooke, K.C.B., and George Augustus Selwyn, D.D., Bishop of New Zealand this book is dedicated, by one who (unknown to them) has no other method of expressing his admiration and reverence for their characters.That type of English virtue, at once manful and godly, practical and enthusiastic, prudent and self-sacrificing, which he has tried to depict in these pages, they have exhibited in a form even purer and more heroic than that in which he has drest it.Brooke, the adventurer, soldier, and colonial administrator, and Selwyn, the missionary colonial bishop, appealed to Kingsley as exemplars of what he called ‘Christian manliness’. One of Kingsley’s reviewers, T. C. Sandars, described Kingsley as ‘spreading the knowledge and fostering the love of a muscular Christianity’. The defining characteristics of this ‘muscular Christianity’, a term with which Kingsley was uneasy, were ‘an association between physical strength, religious certainty, and an ability to shape and control the world around oneself’.
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Mückler, Hermann. "Wilhelm Knappe’s photo album as an early testimony of German colonization of the Marshall Islands1." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00037_1.
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Wilhelm Knappe (1855–1910), the first German administrator (imperial commissioner) assigned to the newly acquired Marshall Islands in 1886, created a photo album with pictures, presumably taken by New Zealand photographer Thomas Andrew in the same year. There are at least three existing copies of these albums and a bundle of loose photographs identical to those in the album in question. At the time of Knappe’s arrival in the Marshall Islands, Germany was still in the process of consolidating its newest colonial acquisition. The photographs show both Marshall Islanders untouched by Christian missions and colonial influence, and already ‘civilized’ Indigenous people from various atoll islands of the Ralik- and Ratak-group. The importance of this album results from the fact that it is one of the earliest pictorial records of the Marshall Islands and it probably represents the first documentation of German activities on the eastern Micronesian archipelago. This article highlights the history of the album and the photographs as well as their importance for a reconstruction of Marshall Islands’ history in the late nineteenth century.
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Whitehead, Clive. "’The admirable Ward’: a portrait of W. E. F. (Frank) Ward, CMG, colonial educator, administrator, diplomat and scholar." Journal of Educational Administration and History 25, no. 2 (July 1993): 138–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022062930250203.
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Whitehead, Clive. "'The admirable Ward': a portrait of W. E. F. (Frank) Ward, CMG, colonial educator, administrator, diplomat and scholar." Journal of Educational Administration and History 25, no. 1 (July 1993): 138–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022062930250203a.
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Roberts, Jonathan. "Remembering Korle Bu Hospital: Biomedical Heritage and Colonial Nostalgia in the Golden Jubilee Souvenir." History in Africa 38 (2011): 193–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2011.0006.
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On the evening of 8 October 1973, a group of physicians led a watchnight ceremony on the campus of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana. At midnight, Dr. Portuphy-Lamptey, the Chief Medical Administrator, pulled a lanyard to raise an official flag inaugurating the Hospital's Golden Jubilee Anniversary. The next day, the Ghanaian Commissioner for Health, Lieutenant Colonel A.H. Selormey, unveiled an anniversary plaque that thanked and praised the hospital staff who had worked at Korle Bu over the past fifty years. In a speech to assembled dignitaries, Selormey appealed to Ghanaians to use the Golden Jubilee Celebration as a means of arousing a “full consciousness” of Ghana's “great heritage.” In the months that followed, the 50th Anniversary Celebration Committee organized a series of events to commemorate the role of the institution in the history of the Gold Coast and Ghana, including a formal dinner during which the assembled guests joined together to sing Korle Bu Oyiwala doŋŋ, a popular tribute to the hospital sung in the local language of Ga (see Figure 1). Several months later, at the closing ceremony, the Committee unveiled a statue of Gordon Guggisberg, the British governor credited with building the hospital, an iconic image that is still standing in front of the hospital today.
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Dominy, Graham. "‘Not a Position for a Gentleman’: Sir Matthew Nathan as Colonial Administrator: From Cape Coast Castle to Dublin Castle via Natal." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 46, no. 1 (November 2, 2017): 93–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2017.1390891.
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Pereira de Andrade, Álvaro, Ana Maria B. Sotomayor, and Jorge José Martins Rodrigues. "Estimated unit cost of the slaves in the second half of the 18th century." De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 16, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v16i1.344.
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Previous surveys based on historical documents on the price of slaves from Africa have contributed greatly to accounting literature. However, most of these studies usually focus on the sale price of slaves in the colonies or on slave purchase prices in Africa. Therefore, no work has been observed in the literature relating to the effective or estimated unit cost of slaves, taking into account the total cost of all phases of the slave trade. This study aims to bring to the literature of accounting history an approach on the estimated unit cost of slaves based on estimated total cost of all costing phases of captive transportation from Angola to Pernambuco. This approach was found in a historical document dated November 12, 1758, written by the governor of the captaincy of Pernambuco - Luis Diogo Lobo da Silva. This document was written in fulfillment of the orders of the king of Portugal, D. José I, in order to prepare a list of ships capable of transporting slaves from Africa and the details of necessary provisions for the slaves, who would be sent from Angola to Pernambuco. Luis Diogo Lobo da Silva was governor of the captaincy of Pernambuco from 1756 to 1763, and he was recognized for his qualities as a good colonial administrator and for adopting good management practices in his work.
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Berry, Sara. "Hegemony on a shoestring: indirect rule and access to agricultural land." Africa 62, no. 3 (July 1992): 327–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159747.
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AbstractIn their efforts to govern African colonies through traditional rulers and customary law, British officials founded colonial administration on contested terrain. By committing themselves to uphold ‘native law and custom’ colonial officials linked the definition of Africans' legal rights with their social identities, which were, in turn, subject to conflicting interpretations. As agricultural growth and commercialisation intensified demand for land, competition for access to land and control over agricultural income gave rise to disputes over customary jurisdictions and structures of authority. Using evidence from colonial Nigeria, the Gold Coast, Kenya and Northern Rhodesia, this article argues that, under indirect rule, the commercialisation of transactions in rights to rural land was accompanied by, and served to promote, unresolved debate over their meaning.RésuméEn s'efforçcant de gouverner les colonies africaines à travers les dirigeants traditionnels et le droit en usage, les représentants ofnciels britanniques ont fondé l'administration coloniale sur un terrain contentieux. En choisissant de maintenir ‘le droit et la coutume indigènes’, les représentants coloniaux ont lié la définition des droits légaux des africains à leurs identités sociales, qui à leur tour, étaient sujettes à des interprétations contradictoires. Comme le développement de l'agriculture et de la commercialisation ont intensiné la demande d'acquisition de terres, la concurrence pour accéder a la propriété et contrôler le revenu agricole ont engendré des controverses sur les juridictions usuelles et les structures de l'autorité. En prenant les exemples des colonies du Nigéria, de la Côte-d'Or, du Kenya et de la Rhodésie du Nord, cet article soutient que sous une représentation indirecte, la commercialisation des opérations dans les droits fonciers ruraux a contribué à engendrer un débat non résolu sur leur sens.
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McKenzie, Peter. "A shared commercial legal heritage - reflections on commercial law reform in former British Colonies and Dependencies." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 39, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v39i4.5478.
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This article reflects on Professor Tony Angelo's contributions to the laws of various British colonies, particularly Mauritius. The author illustrates different types of jurisdiction by reference to individual countries. First, the author discusses colonies with a received legal heritage – Mauritius, who has influences from its French colonial administration and English law, and Botswana who has hints of English commercial statutes. Secondly, the author discusses colonies with an underlying common law system – Uganda, Sierra Leone, and Samoa. None of these nations were settled colonies, but colonial administrators took with them a common law structure for contracts, and civil and commercial obligations, while retaining customary law and practices in relation to land. Finally, the Maldives is discussed as a "special case". The author then discusses his reflections on the colonial legal legacy, including the impact of the English language, the shared nature of the colonies' legal systems (including a common accounting and business framework), and the "colonial legal patchwork". The author hopes that the impetus given by Professor Angelo to law reform in Mauritius, as well as other nations, will continue.
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Houllemare, Marie. "Seeing the Empire Through Lists and Charts: French Colonial Records in the Eighteenth Century." Journal of Early Modern History 22, no. 5 (October 2, 2018): 371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342603.
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Abstract By looking at list-making and comparative assessments of trade, this article on central administrative practices of record management aims at discussing the mobilization of archives in French colonial supervision in the eighteenth century. A Bureau des Colonies was created in the French Secretariat of the Marine in 1710: from the very outset, its main mission was to deal with the colonial records, mostly correspondence, through which the colonies were administered. Archives had been collected and classified in the Bureau des archives from 1699 onwards. But this implied an effort in the organization of papers: throughout the eighteenth century, the imperial administration created several other documentary tools that produced a simplified and ideal vision of the empire and of its place in the global order. Looking at the kinds of papers produced by the colonial administration and where these records were kept provides insight into how the central authorities understood the colonial empire. The paperwork shaped the way administrators understood empire, through operations carried out by the clerks on the records. Records were collected from all the colonies and actors, with a growing sense of being a unique agency possessing relevant records that were reduced to similar storage units by agents without field experience. In fact, archives became crucial in strengthening the empire as a political unity, under a centralized metropolitan direction, mainly after the Seven Years’ War.
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Constable, Philip. "Alexander Robertson, Scottish Social Theology and Low-caste Hindu Reform in Early Twentieth-century Colonial India." Scottish Historical Review 94, no. 2 (October 2015): 164–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2015.0256.
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This article analyses the social theology and practice of Scottish presbyterian missionaries towards hinduism in early twentieth-century western India. It reveals a radical contrast in Scottish missionary practice and outlook with the earlier activities of Alexander Duff (1806–78) in India from 1829 to 1864 as well as with contemporaneous discourse on non-christian religion and ethnicity which was prevalent at home in Scotland. The article argues that Scottish presbyterian missionaries selectively adapted and elaborated radical social theology from late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Scotland to deal with the hindu socio-religious out-casting and economic exploitation that they experienced during their christian proselytisation in early twentieth-century western India. In particular, the article analyses the social theology of the United Free Church missionary Reverend Alexander Robertson, who lived and worked in western India from 1902 to 1937. Robertson sought to re-invent and apply radical Scottish social theology to the material development and religious conversion of Dalit or impoverished out-caste hindu populations in western India. The article also contrasts this Scottish missionary social theology and practice with the secular Edwardian Liberal ideas of Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree (1871–1954), which Robertson's colleague and colonial administrator, Harold H. Mann (1872–1961) sought to implement towards Dalit people when he was Agricultural Chemist of Bombay Presidency after 1907 and Director of Agriculture for the Bombay Presidency in Pune from 1918 to 1927. In this context, the article argues more broadly that popular Orientalist discourse on non-christian religion and ethnicity at home in Scotland and perceptions of a subordinate Scottish relationship with the London metropole conceal the radical dimensions of Scottish identity within empire and the ways in which the interaction of radical practices between imperial peripheries like Scotland and India conditioned imperial development.
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Hamdan, Rahimah. "WINNING THE HEARTS OF THE MALAYS: THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE AUTHOR OF SYAIR TUAN HAMPRIS TOWARDS THE COLONIALISTS." International Journal of Creative Industries 2, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijcrei.25001.
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This study was aimed at identifying the author’s perspective of the colonialists, and to analyse her relationship with one of them in her poem. The British colonisation of the Malay world in the nineteenth century gave rise to various reactions and attitudes among the indigenous communities, the majority of whom were opposed to colonisation, as recorded in traditional Malay literary works. Most of these works expressed the anxiety and hardships they encountered in life under the colonial government. Therefore, it would have been disturbing if any Malay writer were to heap praises on the British colonialists, more so if the writer happened to be a female, as according to the patriarchal system that dominated the conventional Malay literary world, women should be ‘silent’. Nevertheless, this tradition was broken by Hajah Wok Aisyah Nik Idris from Terengganu with her writing of Syair Tuan Hampris, in the early twentieth century. Ironically, in her poem, the author appears to have forgotten the miserable state of the Malays in the other states under the British administration. As such, did Hajah Wok Aisyah have her own reasons for writing the way she did? Was the author of Syair Tuan Hampris captivated by the British administrator? Did the British administrator, J. L. Humphreys, succeed in winning the hearts of the Malays in Terengganu? The method of text analysis was employed in this study, guided by the eight ways proposed by the first British Resident-General of the Federation of Malaya, Sir Frank Swettenham, to Syair Tuan Hampris. This study found that Syair Tuan Hampris invites its readers to savour the unique spectrum of relationships that existed between the colonised people, and the colonialists. The colonialists are no longer regarded as individuals who brought ruin and destruction to the local community, but instead, all their actions are held as being honourable. Thus, the author, being a woman, was able to perfectly explain her closeness to one such colonialist in the verses of her poem. In conclusion, Syair Tuan Hampris is strong and direct proof that women had a voice in the community at that time, even though they had to go against the conventions of Malay literature.
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Goriaeva, L. V. "Between truth and fiction: the story by Abdullah Munshi about the British mission to Java (January–May 1811)." Orientalistica 3, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2020-3-2-457-469.
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The article deals with one of the episodes regarding the British preparation measurements for the Java invasion in 1811. It is mentioned in extenso in the memoirs of the Malay writer Abdullah bin Abdulkadir Munshi (1796/7–1854). The author mentions a mission dispatched to Java by the British colonial administrator T. S. Raffles. He masterminded the invasion in order to gain support from the local rulers. The keypoint of this episode is the exposure of the alleged traitor the Crown Prince of the Siak Principality, Tengku Pangeran Sukma Dilaga (aka Sayyid Zain) who happened to be the Head of the mission. The story about the betrayal originated from the Javanese prince, the participant in the mission of Sayyid Zain. The story was considered to be true and therefore included into the memoirs by their author Abdullah ibn Abdulkadir Munshi. The author of the article offers an analysis of the documentary evidences and on their basis argues the authenticity of the original description by Sayyid Zain and discusses various reasons, which caused its oigin.
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Farr, James. "Locke, 'Some Americans', and the Discourse on 'Carolina'." Locke Studies 9 (December 31, 2009): 19–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ls.2009.900.
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The human inhabitants of ‘the whole great Continent of America’ (IV. xii. 11) captured the imagination of John Locke. They provided, so he thought, historical evidence for a state of nature and ‘a Pattern of the first Ages’ of government (II. 108). They falsified scholastic philosophies of innate ideas and innate principles. They forced a confrontation between cultural diversity and Christian religion. They dramatized the effect of environment and education, proving ‘Custom, a greater power than Nature’ (I. iii. 25). The inhabitants of America were not alone in provoking Locke on these matters, but their anthropological gravity can be felt amidst the other forces of influence on his philosophy and politics. Locke’s selective use of information about ‘Americans’ or ‘Indians’ is evident and fairly well documented in the case of the Two Treatises of Government. However, his attention to peoples of the New World in the Essay Concerning Human Understanding has received far less notice. Moreover, Locke’s references to individual Americans or particular Indian peoples in the Essay, its drafts, or his colonial memoranda have gone nearly unnoticed. And no student of Locke’s life and works has heretofore identified ‘some Americans, I have spoken with’ (II. xvi. 6). Thirty-five years ago, Roland Hall first took serious notice of this remarkable passage in the Essay, when putting the query, ‘When did this occur?’ Daniel Carey has more recently observed: ‘When and where these conver-sations took place remains a mystery’. Moreover, until now, the speakers themselves have remained mysterious. Identifying these various Americans serves historical, biographical, and textual interests in the study of Locke and the early colonial experiment in the New World. It casts new light on Locke—as theorist, reader, and administrator. It deepens our understanding of his anthropo-logical curiosity and philosophical fixation on language; sheds further light on his sources, in print and out; and invites further speculation about his colonial propaganda as (principal) author of the chapter-length ‘discourse’ on ‘Carolina’ in the atlas of America by John Ogilby. It also reinforces the interpretation of Locke’s writing as genre- driven and problem-oriented, given the different and perhaps inconsistent uses to which he put Indians in his various texts.
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Slobodkin, Yan. "State of Violence." French Historical Studies 41, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-4254607.
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AbstractThis article highlights a moment in the history of French West Africa when violence was both ubiquitous and forbidden. During the interwar period, French reformers pushed for the elimination of the routine use of violence by colonial administrators. The intervention of activist journalists and human rights groups put pressure on colonial policy makers to finally bring administrative practice in line with imperial rhetoric. Local administrators, however, felt that such meddling interfered with their ability to govern effectively. A case of torture and murder by French functionaries in the Ivory Coast village of Oguiédoumé shows how struggles over antiviolence reform played out from the ground up.Cet article souligne un moment dans l'histoire de l'Afrique-Occidentale Française où la violence a été à la fois omniprésente et interdite. Pendant l'entre-deux-guerres, des réformistes français ont lutté pour éliminer la violence quotidienne commise par les administrateurs coloniaux. L'intervention des journalistes militants et des organisations des droits de l'homme a poussé l'Etat colonial à réaliser les promesses de la mission civilisatrice. Par contre, les administrateurs locaux sentaient que ce discours contre la violence limitait leur capacité de gouverner avec efficacité. Une affaire de torture et de meurtre commis en 1933 par des fonctionnaires français dans le village d'Oguiédoumé en Côte-d'Ivoire montre comment la lutte contre la violence a influencé la situation coloniale sur place.
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GOULD, WILLIAM. "From Subjects to Citizens? Rationing, refugees and the publicity of corruption over Independence in UP." Modern Asian Studies 45, no. 1 (December 9, 2010): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x10000302.
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AbstractBuilding on recent work on the ‘everyday state’ and citizenship in 1947–1948, this paper examines changing practices and representations of ‘corruption’ in Uttar Pradesh, India over independence. The management and publicity of ‘corruption’, particularly in the food supply and rationing bureaucracy from the mid-1940s to the 1960s captures changing discussions about public expectations of government and narrates everyday urban experiences of the local state. Representations of administrative corruption within UP government ‘anti-corruption’ planning, around the late 1930s to early 1940s, reflected changing ideas about the public and citizenship in UP in general—from a colonial stress on administrative authoritarianism, where corruption was presented as a regrettable but unavoidable facet of local power, to a sense of public accountability. By the 1940s, with war-time commodity controls accompanying rapid political change, opportunities for nefarious gain widened, and administrative rules and functions quickly became much more complex. ‘Corruption’, as a symbolic political weapon, was publicized in a way which now connected national, state and local level discussions of independence, citizenship and state authority. Specifically, the very nature of different types of corruption in the crucial sphere of controls and rationing brought about more developed forms of political protection and backing for the corrupt administrator and encouraged new clientelist networks across the political spectrum.
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Shaoyang, Lin. "Hong Kong in the Midst of Colonialism, Collaborative and Critical Nationalism from 1925 to 1930." China Report 54, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445517744409.
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In the late 1920s, cultural nationalism in Hong Kong was imbedded in Confucianism, having been disappointed with the New Culture Movement and Chinese revolutionary nationalism.1 It also inspired British collaborative colonialism. This study attempts to explain the link between Hong Kong and the Confucius Revering Movement by analysing the essays on Hong Kong of Lu Xun (1881–1936), the father of modern Chinese literature and one of the most important revolutionary thinkers in modern China. The Confucius Revering Movement, which extended from mainland China to the Southeast Asian Chinese community and then to Hong Kong, formed a highly interrelated network of Chinese cultural nationalism associated with Confucianism. However, the movements in these three places had different cultural and political roles in keeping with their own contexts. Collaborative colonialism’s interference with the Confucius Revering Movement is one way to understand Lu Xun’s critical reading of Hong Kong. That is, Hong Kong’s Confucius Revering Movement was seen as an endeavour of the colonial authorities to co-opt Confucianism in order to deal with influences from China. This article argues that Hong Kong’s Confucius Revering Movement should be regarded as one of the main perspectives through which to understand Hong Kong’s educational, cultural and political histories from the 1920s to the late 1960s. Lu Xun enables us to see several links. The first link is the one connecting the Confucius Revering Movement in Mainland China, Hong Kong and the Chinese community in Southeast Asia. This leads to the second link, that is, Lim Boen Keng (Lin Wenqing), the leading figure of the Confucius Revering Movement in the Southeast Asian Chinese community who later became the President of Amoy University, where Lu Xun had taught before his first visit to Hong Kong. The third link is the skilful colonial administrator Sir Cecil Clementi, who came to British Malaya in February 1930 to become Governor after being the Governor of Hong Kong. We can observe a network of Chinese critical/resistant and collaborative nationalism from these links.
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Brunelle, Gayle K. "Ambassadors and Administrators: The Role of Clerics in Early French Colonies in Guiana." Itinerario 40, no. 2 (August 2016): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115316000358.
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Of all of France’s early modern colonial ventures, the least studied and most obscure are the French efforts to establish settlements, missions, and plantations in Guiana. Still, the seventeenth-century French colonies in Guiana had much in common with the sixteenth-century French efforts to colonize Florida and Brazil, and their trajectories were every bit as dramatic and their outcomes equally dismal. Although not sponsored as Huguenot refuges in the New World from Catholic oppression in the Old, and thus not burdened with the fierce competition between Protestant and Catholic colonists that plagued the sixteenth-century ventures, the Guiana colonies were also prey to deep internal divisions over piety and morality, and even more over power and the purpose of the colony. Were they primarily missions to the Native peoples, plantations, or commercial ventures focused on locating sources of precious metals or establishing plantations? This paper examines the role of clerics in the genesis, financing, trajectories, and collapse of the earliest French colonies in Guiana, in particular two colonies founded about ten years apart, in 1643 and 1652. I will the argue that whereas historians have often assumed that missionaries and evangelizing were often little more than an encumbrance to early colonial ventures, useful mostly for raising funds in France, in reality clerics played a central role in shaping chartered colonial companies and the colonies they founded, for good and for ill.
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Gocking, Roger. "Colonial rule and the ‘legal factor’ in Ghana and Lesotho." Africa 67, no. 1 (January 1997): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161270.
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This article compares and contrasts the development of the legal systems of two British colonies that occuped almost opposite ends of the colonial judicial continuum: what in colonial times were known as the Gold Coast and Basutoland. Both became British colonies in the late nineteenth century, but followed considerably different paths to that status. In the case of the Gold Coast it followed centuries of contact between Europeans and the coastal peoples in this area of West Africa. In the case of Basutoland incorporation into the European world was a nineteenth-century phenomenon and far more rapid. Nevertheless, at the turn of the century, as indirect rule became the officially accepted wisdom as to how colonial peoples should be ruled, administrators in both colonies sought to make the chiefly order an integral part of the colony's administration and award its chiefs judicial responsibilities. In the Gold Coast, however, chiefly courts remained in competition with a highly developed British-style Supreme Court. In Basutoland there were basically only chiefly courts until late in the colonial period, which applied Sesotho customary law that was written down as the Laws of Lerotholi in 1903. The two-tier judicial system of the Gold Coast allowed far more contestation and was far more flexible and responsive to social changes than was the case in Basutoland. Incremental changes over time meant that the judicial system evolved far more smoothly than in Basutoland. When in the latter colony changes did not come ‘from above’ in the 1940s, there was a serious outbreak of ‘medicine murders’ that many observers felt was directly related to the chiefs losing their judicial role. Also, the colony's high court ruled against the validity of the Laws of Lerotholi in the controversial ‘Regency case’. Apart from being a return to comparative analyses of the impact of colonial rule on former African colonies, much in vogue in the 1960s, this study is an attempt to modify the emphasis on ‘cleavage’ and the ‘coercive’ that has characterised historians' approach to the study of colonial law.
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Turner, Matthew D. "Livestock mobility and the territorial state: South-Western Niger (1890–1920)." Africa 87, no. 3 (July 21, 2017): 578–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972017000134.
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AbstractColonial rule in West Africa initiated the incorporation of mobile people, particularly pastoralists, into Western territorial states. This article reports on the early period of French colonial rule of the area that is now South-Western Niger – a strategically important area with respect to territorial competition among the French colonies of Dahomey and Soudan (later the colonies of Senegambia and Niger) as well as the British colony of Nigeria. Building from the study of contemporary patterns of livestock mobility and their logics, archival and secondary literatures are used to develop an understanding of dominant herd mobility patterns at the time (transhumance for grazing and trekking to distant markets); the importance of livestock as a source of tax revenue; colonial anxieties about the loss of livestock from within their borders; and efforts of colonial administrators to reduce the potential loss of livestock from their territories. This case illustrates the limitations of the territorial state model where the state lacks sufficient power over mobile subjects utilizing a sparse and fluctuating resource base. The actions of French administrators and Fulɓe pastoralists worked as a form of ‘hands-off’ negotiation, with each group monitoring and reacting to the actions of the other. Due to the limitations of colonial state control, the existence of boundaries elicited greater monitoring of livestock movements by colonial administrators but also increased the leverage held by mobile pastoralists as the French sought to increase the attractiveness of their territory to the principal managers of its wealth (livestock). The proximity of borders to the study area complicated the task of French colonial administrators, who necessarily became increasingly focused on monitoring the movements of their subjects (labour and capital) to avoid their possible escape as they moved within the borderlands of what is now South-Western Niger. The limits of colonial power to monitor and control these movements led administrators to initiate policies favouring pastoralists.
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Ryan, Eileen. "Violence and the politics of prestige: the fascist turn in colonial Libya." Modern Italy 20, no. 2 (May 2015): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2015.1024214.
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In 1922–1923, Fascist Party leaders hoped to define a sharp break from previous approaches to colonial rule and imperial expansion in Italy's Libyan territories. Mussolini's nomination of Luigi Federzoni, a leading figure of the Italian Nationalist Association, as the Minister of Colonies at the end of 1922 signalled a new era in Italian colonial administration focused on aggressive expansion and the institution of what was known as a ‘politics of prestige’. This definition of a fascist style of colonial rule appealed to the enthusiasm for violence among blackshirt militias and early fascist supporters in the Libyan territories. This definition of a fascist style of colonial rule, however, inspired immediate reaction from both colonial officials, with stakes in maintaining a measure of continuity and stability, and from those within the nascent Fascist Party who wanted to promote an alternative model of fascism in the colonies. This article examines contests to define fascism and fascist colonial rule in the Libyan territories through the employment of voluntary militias, the competing voices of Fascist Party outposts, and various programmes for the development of a colonial culture.
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SHESTAKOVA, I. A. "MINISTRY OF WAR AND COLONIAL AFFAIRS AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE BRITISH COLONIAL TERRITORIES IN THE LATE XVIII – EARLY XIX CENTURIES." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 10, no. 2 (2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2021-10-2-61-69.
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The main purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of the Ministry of War and Colonial Affairs and the admin-istration of the British colonial territories in the late late XVIII – early XIX centuries. The article examines the pro-cess of creating an effective system of administration of the British Empire in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries. An important part of which was the formation of the Minis-try of War and Colonial Affairs, which actually became the first body of the central administration of the colonies of Great Britain. The end of hostilities in 1815 gave a new impetus to the development of the Ministry of War and Colonial Affairs as the institution which main activity was to consider colonial cases in all their diversity. In this regard, emphasizing the main part of the work of this body, in the post-war period, the Ministry began increasingly to be called simply Colonial.
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Ofcansky, Thomas P. "L.S.B. Leakey: A Biobibliographical Study." History in Africa 12 (1985): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171721.
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Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey (1903-72) was a man of immense ability and variety. Apart from his numerous activities in the fields of paleontology, archeology, and anthropology, he achieved prominence as a naturalist, historian, political analyst, handwriting expert, and administrator. His writings not only reflect these interests but also serve as an important focal point for future research about East Africa.Especially valuable are Leakey's often overlooked contributions to newspapers such as The East African Standard (Nairobi), Kenya Weekly News (Nakuru), and The Times (London). In addition to expanding on the topics mentioned above these items, which included feature articles as well as letters to the editor, outlined Leakey's views on everything from the price of maize to the activities of Kenya's dalmation club.Because of his intimate knowledge of the Kikuyu people, Leakey rendered useful service to the British colonial government during the Mau Mau revolt. His experiences were reflected in his Mau Mau and the Kikuyu (1952), Defeating Mau Mau (1954), First Lessons in Kikuyu (1959), and Kenya: Contrasts and Problems (1966). Related articles in the Manchester Guardian (Manchester) and The Observer (London) also provided essential material for understanding Leakey's attitude towards the emergency.After Kenya gained its independence in 1963, Leakey continued to use newspapers as a forum for his political beliefs. In The East African Standard, for example, “Congratulations on Model Democracy” and “Controversial Report on Kenya Answered” defended the performance of the country's new government. His autobiography, By the Evidence: Memoirs, 1932-1951 also contained a great deal of information about Leakey's position toward Kenya's political and social evolution.
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Mann, Gregory. "What's in an Alias? Family Names, Individual Histories, and Historical Method in the Western Sudan." History in Africa 29 (2002): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172166.
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Writing in his Les Bambara du Ségou et du Kaarta, the French colonial administrator and ethnographer Charles Monteil considered the family name, or jamu, to sum up the history of the community which bears it: it refers to everything which concerns the ancestors, as well as the accomplishments of current members of the community, including their turpitudes and even their alliances, be they fraternal, conjugal, political, or supernatural.Monteil was right, to a certain degree. In the Western Sudan, family names are weighted with history and significance. Yet what Monteil characterized as evidence of stability and tradition, Charles Bird has more recently called a “ticket to mobility.” The fluidity and mobility that had come to characterize the jamu eluded Monteil entirely, just as its mutability often eludes contemporary historians.A jamu represents both an all-important identity marker and an instrument of “mobility.” Yet it is also highly contigent, even aleatory. This mobility has a double sense, signifying both the mutable nature of the name itself and its potential for “making outsiders insiders” by creating an immediate link between people who would otherwise be strangers. Jamuw—the plural takes a ‘w’—also have a deep historicity. Embedded in them are history and myth, along with suggestions of family occupational category—commonly referred to as ‘caste’—and social status. Epics such as Sundiata often provide etymologies and legendary origins of family names, and scholars have sought—misguidedly—to use these to understand the historical processes of ‘caste’ formation and other aspects of the distant Mande past.
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BROWN, MARK. "Ethnology and colonial administration in nineteenth-century British India: the question of native crime and criminality." British Journal for the History of Science 36, no. 2 (June 2003): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087403005004.
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This paper examines the central role of ethnology, the science of race, in the administration of colonial India. This occurred on two levels. First, from the late eighteenth century onwards, proto-scientists and administrators in India engaged with metropolitan theorists through the provision of data on native society and habits. Second, these same agents were continually and reciprocally influenced in the collection and use of such data by the political doctrines and scientific theories that developed over the course of this period. Among the central interests of ethnographer-administrators was the native criminal and this paper uses knowledge developed about native crime and criminality to illustrate the way science became integral to administration in the colonial domain.
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Roberts, Nicholas E. "Dividing Jerusalem." Journal of Palestine Studies 42, no. 4 (2013): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2013.42.4.7.
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British administrators employed urban planning broadly in British colonies around the world, and British Mandate Palestine was no exception. This article shows how with a unique purpose and based on the promise of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, British urban planning in Jerusalem was executed with a particular colonial logic that left a lasting impact on the city. Both the discourse and physical implementation of the planning was meant to privilege the colonial power's Zionist partner over the indigenous Arab community.
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Olukoju, Ayodeji. "Slamming the ‘Open Door’: British Protectionist Fiscal Policy in Inter-War Nigeria." Itinerario 23, no. 2 (July 1999): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300024748.
Full textAbstract:
Until recently, when it ceased to be an important pastime, scholars engaged in debate over the motives behind, and the nature of, European imperial enterprise in the colonial territories of Africa. Opinion was divided between those who stressed the altruistic goals and the positive impact of the European ‘civilising’ mission in Africa and others who highlighted the ulterior motives behind, and the uncomplimentary features of, colonial rule. One issue in contention as far as British imperialism was concerned, was the policy of ‘free trade’ in the colonies. It was held by some that Britain operated the ‘imperialism of Free Trade’, that is, it hid under the espousal of that policy in order to acquire colonies and to gain advantage over its rivals in the contest for colonial trade. On the other hand, much was made of Britain's ‘open door’ policy in its colonies as contrasted with the French, for example, who were for the most part protectionists. Yet, as a number of studies have shown, the British were no less protectionist given certain circumstances, and this case study provides further examples of this tendency in inter-war Nigeria. To place the discussion in a proper context, we shall clarify the nature of the fiscal system in British colonies, for this was the linchpin of the administration and the key to understanding economic policy.