Academic literature on the topic 'Colonial Bank'
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Journal articles on the topic "Colonial Bank"
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Sienkiewicz, Maria, and Billy Frank. "An Eagle Eye: Africa in the 20th Century as viewed through the archives of Barclays Bank." African Research & Documentation 125 (2014): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00020641.
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Barclays’ international business was founded in 1925 as Barclays Bank (Dominion, Colonial and Overseas). The roots of the business lay in three 19th century banks: the Anglo-Egyptian, the Colonial, and the National Bank of South Africa. It had long been the dream of Barclays Chairman, Frederick Goodenough, to create an ‘Empire Bank’, and, by buying these three and merging them, that is precisely what he achieved. This article sets out to provide an overview of the collection and suggest avenues of future research.
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Meriyati, Meriyati, and Agus Hermanto. "Sosialisasi Sejarah Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Dan Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) Kepada Alumni Pondok Al-Iman Yang Berada Di Palembang." AKM: Aksi Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36908/akm.v1i2.187.
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Rural Banks are bank financial institutions, which accept deposits only in the form of time deposits, savings, and / or other equivalent forms and channel funds as an RB business. The People's Credit Institution originated in the Dutch colonial period in the 19th century, with the formation of the Village Lumbung, Village Bank (BD), Bank Tani (BT), and Bank Dagang Desa (BDD), with the aim of helping farmers, employees and laborers to releasing themselves from the trap of moneylenders (loan sharks) who are said to provide loans with high interest rates. With the issuance of Law no. 7 concerning Banking of 1992 (Law No. 7/1992 concerning Banking) provided a clear legal basis as a type of bank other than commercial banks. According to Law no. 7/1992 concerning Banking Non-bank financial institutions that have obtained a business license from the minister of finance may adjust their business activities as a bank.
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Game, Chantal S., Lisa M. Cullen, and Alistair M. Brown. "Accountability and financial statement presentation of early Western Australian banks, 1837–1880." Accounting History 23, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 555–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373218759972.
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This study uses legal origin theory to consider the influence of the British imperial government on financial statement presentation of early Western Australian banks. Accountability and patterns of financial presentation were explored through an examination of 192 quarterly returns and three annual returns for the Bank of Western Australia, Western Australian Bank and National Bank of Australia over the years 1837–1880. Findings from the study suggest the banks demonstrated a willingness to prepare forms of Western-narrow and Western-broad accounts. Early Western Australian banks consistently prepared timely financial statements to keep stakeholders informed of the banks’ quarterly returns. Despite the harsh economic conditions, Western Australian banks appeared to keep pace with the changing legal, political and fiscal accountability reforms carried out by the colonial government during this early settlement period of Western Australia.
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Leigh, Monroe. "Colonial Bank v. Compagnie Generale Maritime et Financiere." American Journal of International Law 81, no. 2 (April 1987): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202417.
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Austin, Gareth, and Chibuike Ugochukwu Uche. "Collusion and Competition in Colonial Economies: Banking in British West Africa, 1916–1960." Business History Review 81, no. 1 (2007): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500036230.
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This article examines the collusion between the only two major banks to operate in British West Africa for most of the colonial period after 1916, Barclays and the Bank of British West Africa. The companies' records reveal that the alliance was more far-reaching than has previously been shown, escalating to include not only comprehensive price-fixing but also restrictions on the products offered. The article considers the reactions of African and European customers and the colonial governments, and analyzes the motives that sustained the collusion for so long and the political circumstances that permitted it. The arrangement was partly a defensive response to a perception that the market was too small for full rivalry, but there was a rent-seeking element too. Finally, the article explores the implications of the bank alliance for the broader economies, reflecting on the relation between the security that the banks achieved through their agreements and their very cautious lending policies.
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Kyere, Isaac. "Ghana Commercial Bank and Agriculture financing in Ghana, 1960s — 1980s." Abibisem: Journal of African Culture and Civilization 8 (December 1, 2019): 100–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/ajacc.v8i.849.
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The British Bank of West Africa (BBWA) now renamed Standard Chartered Bank Limited and Barclays Bank Ghana Limited were the two prominent foreign Commercial Banks first established in the Gold Coast in 1897 and 1917 respectively. In the colonial era, these British banks only dealt with large businesses and did not extend credit to individual Gold Coast farmers because they were tagged as not credit-worthy or could not arrange suitable collateral for loans. Essentially, lack of access to credit continues to be a key factor contributing to the poor performance of the agriculture sector in general.1 In 1953, the Ghana Commercial Bank (GCB) was established as the first indigenous commercial bank to serve the people of the nation.1 Since 1953, the Ghana Commercial Bank has made agriculture financing its priority and has extended loans to its agricultural customers. This paper, which is multi-sourced, uses archival documents, Government Records, Annual Reports and scholarly secondary works, to examine the approaches and strategies used by GCB to support agriculture in Ghana from the late 1960s to 1980s. The paper specifically sheds light on the measures adopted by the bank to transform agriculture in the country.
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UCHE, CHIBUIKE U. "Credit for Africans; the demand for a ‘national bank’ in the Gold Coast colony." Financial History Review 10, no. 1 (April 2003): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565003000040.
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This article traces the origins of the ‘national bank’ in the Gold Coast. It shows how the Colonial authorities perverted the demand by Africans for a special kind of bank to aid their development. The Colonial Office preferred and ensured the establishment of an orthodox institution, which had little to give with regard to Africans' demand for developmental credit. This was because it believed that such development institutions would be unhelpful to, arguably, uncreditworthy Africans. This attitude, it is argued, represented a setback to the Gold Coast's development. Either such an institution, as demanded by Africans, would have helped the colony's advance, or Africans would have learnt earlier that the concept of development was more fundamental than setting up a ‘national bank’.
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Cardow, Andrew, and William Robert Wilson. "The establishment of savings banks in colonial New Zealand 1840-1907." Journal of Management History 22, no. 4 (September 12, 2016): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-06-2016-0034.
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Purpose This paper aims to highlight the reasons for the establishment of savings banks in New Zealand, with a primary thesis being that savings banks in New Zealand were intended to operate in a similar way to those in the UK. That is, to provide banking services to the working classes and supply revenue to a cash-strapped government. Savings banks were reasonably successful in meeting the needs of their depositors but provided little revenue to the government. This gives rise to a secondary thesis that, when the Government was presented with the opportunity to establish the Post Office Savings Bank (POSB), they did so with revenue in mind. Design/methodology/approach Contemporaneous scholarly discussion along with newspaper, primary sourced bank and government archives builds an interpretation of why savings banks were established in New Zealand. This interpretation is presented in the form of a narrative, which tells the story of the rise of private savings banks in New Zealand and their eventual stagnation when the POSB was introduced. Findings Savings banks in New Zealand were initiated by Governor Grey primarily to provide an alternative source of development funding. New Zealand savings banks, initially modelled on UK and New South Wales variants, also appear to have been designed to meet the needs of the working classes, with deposits limited to £50 a year and a maximum balance set of £100 in total. However, as the requirement to invest in Government debt was removed from their founding legislation, they mainly provided mortgages to their local communities. To some extent, this situation was remedied in 1867 when the POSB was established, as it was required to invest as directed by the Government. Originality/value The narrative highlights the importance of savings banks and the POSB to both the people and government of New Zealand. This research adds to the discussion surrounding the purpose of savings banks and details the contributions made by both savings banks and the POSB in colonial New Zealand. As previous publications were in the main commissioned by various savings banks, this work provides an independent academic analysis of the first savings banks in colonial New Zealand in the period from the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 until New Zealand became a dominion in 1907.
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Carnegie, Garry D. "The accounting professional project and bank failures." Journal of Management History 22, no. 4 (September 12, 2016): 389–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-04-2016-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the strategies and dynamics of the fledging accounting professional project in the context of boom, bust and reform in colonial Victoria. In doing so, the study provides evidence of the association of members of the Incorporated Institute of Accountants, Victoria (IIAV) (1886) and other auditors with banks that failed during the early 1890s Australian banking crisis, and addresses the implications for the professionalisation trajectory. Design/methodology/approach The study uses primary sources, including the surviving audited financial statements of a selection of 14 Melbourne-based failed banks, reports of relevant company meetings and other press reports and commentaries, along with relevant secondary sources, and applies theoretical analysis informed by the literature on the sociology of the professions. Findings IIAV members as bank auditors are shown to have been associated with most of the bank failures examined in this study, thereby not being immune from key problems in bank auditing and accounting of the period. The study shows how the IIAV, while part of the problem, ultimately became part of a solution that was regarded within the association’s leadership as less than optimal, essentially by means of 1896 legislative reforms in Victoria, and also addresses the associated implications. Practical implications The study reveals how a deeper understanding of economic and social problems in any context may be obtainable by examining surviving financial statements and related records sourced from archives of surviving business records. Originality/value The study elucidates accounting’s professionalisation trajectory in a colonial setting during respective periods of boom, bust and reform from the 1880s until around 1896 and provides insights into the development of financial auditing practices, which is still an important topic.
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Alimdzhanov, Bakhtier. "History of Namangan Agency of Volga-Kama Commercial Bank." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 19, no. 3 (October 15, 2018): 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2588.2018.19(3).389-405.
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The article considers the activity and function of the Namangan branch of the Volga-Kama commercial Bank. In Soviet historiography, banks were understood as an instrument of colonialism both Western and Russian. On the basis of archival data the author proves that the financial institutions of the Russian Empire took into account local specifics and encouraged the production of export-oriented products. The author actively uses interbank correspondence, annual reports of the director, as well as audit materials of the Namangan subsidiary. The active and passive operations of the Bank were investigated, the Banks expenses and profits were analyzed, and the staff of the bank was studied. The modernization of the Central Asian economy in financial sphere involved the financing of export crops and mediation between the metropolis and the periphery. Colonial periphery at first glance seemed to be an attractive area for investment and obtaining super profits, but the speculative nature of the Turkestan economy prevented the normal development of banks. As a result, the economic modernization of Central Asia slowed down and opened the way for the Soviet experiment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colonial Bank"
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Daale, Peter. "Colonial, economic rationalist, or collegial? Indonesian business leaders' perceptions (2001) of G7 behaviour." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1708.
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This research project aims to determine Indonesian business leaders perceptions of G7 behaviour towards Indonesia after Independence (1945/1949), at a time when the country is experiencing a severe financial and economic crisis (1997-2001). Is G7 behaviour considered colonial, economic rationalist, or collegial? Additionally, Indonesian business leaders' perceptions of economic and social development in Indonesia are measured, exploring a possible connection with perception of G7 behaviour. Within the context of this project, the researcher assumes that attitudes in Indonesia are significantly shaped by the impact of' an increasingly competitive and sophisticated global free-trade environment today versus one of exploitation and domination under past European colonial rule. The research questions on which the project is based emerged after detailed consideration of a large and varied number of publications concerning related historical and contemporary socio-economic, political issues and examination of recent inter-country comparative performance indicators (1996 to 2000). The background for the research project is framed within the context of Modern World-Systems theory which rose to prominence in the early 1970s, earlier theories about Intentional Underdevelopment, Dependency and Geography, and the more recent hypothesis on Enlightenment and Institutions theory, all attempting to explain why some countries are so poor and others are not. An exploratory study (Study 1) precedes the positivist research paradigm of the principal study (Study 2 - Stages 1 & 2), which is comprised of a pilot and a final stage.The theoretical model put forward and corresponding final stage VIII cross-sectional survey data of the second study are subjected to structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, to test hypotheses and theory about the associations between theoretical constructs of the model. SEM is a relatively new multivariate technique, which combines aspects of multiple regression and factor analysis. The results of the research show that the impact of colonial rule; the associated exploitation and consequent poverty are still remembered by Indonesian business leaders and as such may have the potential to negatively impact on bi-lateral and multi-lateral negotiations for much needed structural reform in Indonesia, particularly if key influential participants (such as the G7 and the international institutions they control) ignore historical legacies and associated cross-cultural sensitivities. Final stage results provided strong support for two out of the five key hypotheses offered. The findings clearly suggesting that intensifying G7 behaviour as defined in this thesis would invariably further heighten existing perceptions of colonial behaviour. Less encouraging test results were obtained for the remaining hypotheses and overall only qualified support could be given to the proposed theory.The extent of which can be summarized as: "G7 behaviour is perceived as colonial, by Indonesian business leaders, and is significantly influenced by their perception of social development in Indonesia ". The research project was conceived in the absence of scholarly investigations into the historical impact of colonialism in Indonesia on present day attitudes and cultural values with respect to ready acceptance of predominantly Western concepts of globalisation, free trade, open markets and the need for crucial reform. Reforms, which often are imposed on developing nations during times of crisis by way of IMF - Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP), harshly impacting on local populations.
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Ikebude, Chukwuemeka M. "Identity in Igbo Architecture: Ekwuru, Obi, and the African Continental Bank Building." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1250885407.
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Daale, Peter. "Colonial, economic rationalist, or collegial? : Indonesian business leaders' perceptions (2001) of G7 behaviour /." Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14774.
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This research project aims to determine Indonesian business leaders perceptions of G7 behaviour towards Indonesia after Independence (1945/1949), at a time when the country is experiencing a severe financial and economic crisis (1997-2001). Is G7 behaviour considered colonial, economic rationalist, or collegial? Additionally, Indonesian business leaders' perceptions of economic and social development in Indonesia are measured, exploring a possible connection with perception of G7 behaviour. Within the context of this project, the researcher assumes that attitudes in Indonesia are significantly shaped by the impact of' an increasingly competitive and sophisticated global free-trade environment today versus one of exploitation and domination under past European colonial rule. The research questions on which the project is based emerged after detailed consideration of a large and varied number of publications concerning related historical and contemporary socio-economic, political issues and examination of recent inter-country comparative performance indicators (1996 to 2000). The background for the research project is framed within the context of Modern World-Systems theory which rose to prominence in the early 1970s, earlier theories about Intentional Underdevelopment, Dependency and Geography, and the more recent hypothesis on Enlightenment and Institutions theory, all attempting to explain why some countries are so poor and others are not. An exploratory study (Study 1) precedes the positivist research paradigm of the principal study (Study 2 - Stages 1 & 2), which is comprised of a pilot and a final stage.The theoretical model put forward and corresponding final stage VIII cross-sectional survey data of the second study are subjected to structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, to test hypotheses and theory about the associations between theoretical constructs of the model. SEM is a relatively new multivariate technique, which combines aspects of multiple regression and factor analysis. The results of the research show that the impact of colonial rule; the associated exploitation and consequent poverty are still remembered by Indonesian business leaders and as such may have the potential to negatively impact on bi-lateral and multi-lateral negotiations for much needed structural reform in Indonesia, particularly if key influential participants (such as the G7 and the international institutions they control) ignore historical legacies and associated cross-cultural sensitivities. Final stage results provided strong support for two out of the five key hypotheses offered. The findings clearly suggesting that intensifying G7 behaviour as defined in this thesis would invariably further heighten existing perceptions of colonial behaviour. Less encouraging test results were obtained for the remaining hypotheses and overall only qualified support could be given to the proposed theory.
The extent of which can be summarized as: "G7 behaviour is perceived as colonial, by Indonesian business leaders, and is significantly influenced by their perception of social development in Indonesia ". The research project was conceived in the absence of scholarly investigations into the historical impact of colonialism in Indonesia on present day attitudes and cultural values with respect to ready acceptance of predominantly Western concepts of globalisation, free trade, open markets and the need for crucial reform. Reforms, which often are imposed on developing nations during times of crisis by way of IMF - Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP), harshly impacting on local populations.
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Ndrianasy, Laurens. "Le réseau bancaire à Madagascar et son rôle économique (1885-1946)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB211.
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À partir du protectorat français en 1885 jusqu'à la naissance d'une banque d'émission en 1925, Madagascar eut un système bancaire et monétaire sommaire totalement contrôlé par des banques d'affaires. Pendant cette période, un réseau bancaire formé par la première banque de Madagascar "Le Comptoir National d'Escompte de Paris" s'était mis en place. Arrivée dans le pays suite à l'appel du gouvernement français, la banque parisienne apporta son soutien au projet colonial. Profitant de l'extension de l'empire colonial français à Madagascar, le CNEP avait crée un réseau d'agences et de sous-agences essaimés dans la colonie. Forte de l'expérience de son personnel et de sa connaissance des affaires locales, la banque était dans une position de monopole en ce qui concerne les activités financières de la Grande île faute de concurrent. Le CNEP devenait ainsi un élément incontournable dans la réalisation du projet de développement de la colonie. La période de la Première Guerre mondiale démontra cependant la fragilité du système bancaire et monétaire de la Colonie à cause de la coupure des communications avec la métropole. Le réseau malgache du CNEP révélait ses limites face au développement croissant de l'économie locale. Les contraintes monétaires engendrées par la guerre (la thésaurisation des pièces métalliques par les indigènes et l'arrêt des envois de billets décidé par la Banque de France) et l'acuité du problème de crédit agricole dans la colonie relancèrent le projet fort ancien d'une banque d'émission. La création de la banque de Madagascar en 1925 apporta une nouvelle politique financière à la colonie. La Banque s'occupait principalement de la circulation monétaire et du réescompte des papiers de commerce. Le bilan positif des émissions de la Banque avait permis à la colonie d'avoir une stabilité monétaire. En matière de crédit, le taux de l'argent avait beaucoup baissé (6% en moyenne alors qu'il était de l'ordre de 10 à 12%). La Banque rapportait financièrement à la colonie (redevances sur la circulation fiduciaire, impôts sur les sociétés, participations aux bénéfices, contributions financières à la caisse de crédit agricole, etc). Les statistiques commerciales et douanières de la colonie attestent le rôle économique de la Banque d'émission depuis sa création jusqu'en 1946 où une nouvelle politique coloniale fut mise en placeFrom the French protectorate in 1885 until the birth of a bank of issue in 1925, Madagascar was a summary banking and monetary system totally controlled by investment banks. During this period, a banking network formed by the first bank Madagascar "The National Counter Discount Bank of Paris" had set up. Arrived in the country following the call of the French government, the Paris bank gave his support to the colonial project. Taking advantage of the extension of the French colonial empire in Madagascar, CNEP had created a network of agencies and sub-agencies swarmed in the colony. With the experience of its staff and its knowledge of local affairs, the bank was in a monopoly position with regard to the financial activities of the Big Island for lack of competitor. The CNEP thus became a key element in the realization of the colony development project. The period of the First World War, however, demonstrated the fragility of the banking and monetary system of the colony because of the cut communications with the metropolis. The Malagasy network CNEP revealed its limitations with the growing development of the local economy. The monetary constraints caused by war (hoarding metal parts by indigenous and stop ticket send decided by the Bank of France) and the acuity of the agricultural credit problem in the colony relaunched the very old draft a bank of issue. The creation of the Bank of Madagascar in 1925 brought a new financial policy in the colony. The Bank was mainly involved in the circulation of money and rediscounting commercial paper. The positive results of the Bank's emissions had allowed the colony to have a monetary stability. In terms of credit, the cash rate had fallen considerably (6% on average, while in the range of 10 to 12%). The Bank financially brought to the colony (royalties in circulation, corporate taxes, profit sharing, financial contributions to agricultural credit fund, etc.). Trade and customs statistics of the colony demonstrate the economic role of the bank of issue from its inception until 1946 when a new colonial policy was implemented
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Abu, Awwad Nida. "Informal economy, gender and power relationships within a settler-colonial context : the case of the Palestinian West Bank following the second intifada." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548613.
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Thabouillot, Gérard. "Un projet politique et administratif pour l’arrière-pays de la Guyane française : le territoire de l’Inini (1930-1969)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040105.
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En 1930, la France créa le Territoire autonome de l’Inini, colonie d’administration directe de l’hinterland de la Guyane française. Après la départementalisation de la Guyane, ce dispositif perdura en 1951 sous la forme d’un arrondissement à statut particulier, en droit jusqu’en 1961 et de fait jusqu’en 1969. La description de ce système politico-administratif, fortement inspiré de celui conçu pour les colonies d’Afrique, permet d’analyser l’ultime étape du processus d’expansion de l’État français dans un espace social et culturel amazonien. Cette intégration fut l’œuvre des fonctionnaires de terrain qui menèrent, à partir de 1936, une politique continue de contact dans le cadre d’une implantation dynamique de postes administratifs en direction de l’intérieur et des frontières. Ce personnel subalterne, fonctionnaires coloniaux et gendarmes, mit en œuvre une technique administrative d’approche et de gestion des populations - déportés indochinois des Etablissements Pénitentiaires Spéciaux, tribus de frontière et orpailleurs - dans un espace ouvert aux politiques des Etats voisins. L’histoire de l’Inini incite à ne pas limiter l’histoire de la Guyane française à celle d’une vieille colonie devenue un D.O.M. en 1946. Elle permet de dépasser cette analyse qui relève du discours politique assimilationniste. Elle nuance aussi l’interprétation par l’anthropologie d’une intégration de populations sylvicoles artificiellement et hâtivement conduite. Enfin, elle ouvre la voie à une analyse comparative de l’arrière-pays des GuyanesIn 1930, France established the Autonomous Territory of Inini, an administrative division governing French Guiana's hinterland. Once Guiana had become an overseas department, the formula was renewed from 1951 in the shape of a district with special status, remaining so officially until 1961 and in effect until 1969. Discussing this politico-administrative system - largely based on what had been worked out for French colonies in Africa – gives a key to understanding the ultimate stage of the French state's expansion process in a social and cultural Amazonian context. That effort at social integration was the work of civil servants in the field who, from 1936 on, conducted a sustained policy of contact by establishing administrative posts in the interior of the territory and at its borders. These low-ranking colonial officers and gendarmes implemented an administrative approach to the handling of various communities – deportees from Southeast Asia held in special jails, border tribes or gold-diggers – across areas under the political influence of neighbouring states. The Inini file is an encouragement not to limit the history of French Guiana to that of an old colony turned into an overseas department (D.O.M.) in 1946. It makes it possible to go beyond analyses which are linked to assimilation policies. It also tends to moderate the anthropological view of an artificial and hasty integration of forest tribes. Lastly, it paves the way for a comparative analysis of Guyanese back countries
A França criou, em 1930, o Território autónomo do Inini, colónia de administração directa dahinterlândia da Guiana francesa. Após a départementalisação da Guiana, este dispositivocontinuou em 1951 sob a forma de distrito à estatuto específico (particular), juridicamente até1961 e de facto até 1969. A descrição deste sistema politicoadministrativo, fortementeinspirado de estas concebidas para as colónias da África, permite analisar a ultima etapa doprocesso de expansão do Estado francês num espaço social e cultural amazónico. Estaintegração foi a obra dos funcionários de terreno que levaram, a partir de 1936, uma políticacontínua de contato no âmbito de uma implantação dinâmica de postos administrativos emdireção do interior e das fronteiras. Este pessoal subalterno, funcionários coloniais egendarmes, implementou uma técnica administrativa de abordagem e gestão das populações -déportados indochineses dos Estabelecimentos Penitenciários Especiais, tribos de fronteira egarimpeiros - num espaço aberto às políticas dos Estados vizinhos. A história do Inini incita anão limitar a história da Guiana francesa à essa de uma velha colónia que tornou-se, em 1946,em Departamento de Ultramar (D.O.M.). Permite ultrapassar esta análise que diz respeito aodiscurso político assimilacionista. Ela nuança também a interpretação pela antropologia deuma integração de populações silvícolas artificialmente e apressadamente conduzida. Porúltimo, abre o caminho à uma análise comparativa do interior (da hinterlândia) das Guianes
In 1930 werd door Frankrijk het zelfstandige gebied Inini gecreëerd, het onder directkoloniaal bestuur vallende achterland van Frans Guyana. Nadat Guyana een overzeesdepartement was geworden, bleef deze bestuursvorm bestaan tot in 1951 in de vorm van eenarrondissement met speciaal statuut, in rechte tot 1961 et feitelijk tot 1969. De beschrijvingvan deze bestuursvorm die sterk werd beïnvloed door het voor de Afrikaanse koloniënontwikkelde systeem, maakt het mogelijk het laatste stadium van het expansieproces van deFranse overheid te analyseren in het sociale en culturele gebied van de Amazone. Deze socialeintegratie was het werk van ambtenaren die ter plaatse, vanaf 1936, een aanhoudend contactbeleid uitvoerden bij de oprichting van administratieve posten in het binnenland van hetgebied en aan de grenzen. Dit ondergeschikte personeel, ambtenaren en politie, voerden eenbestuursbeleid uit van benadering en behandeling van de bevolking - indo-chinesegedeporteerden bewaard in speciale strafkampen, aan de grenzen levende stammen engoudzoekers – in een gebied dat open stond voor politieke invloed van de buurtstaten. Degeschiedenis van het Inini gebied nodigt uit de geschiedenis van Frans Guyana niet tebeperken tot die van een oude kolonie die in 1946 een overzees gebiedsdeel (D.O.M.) isgeworden. Zij nuanceert tevens de antropologische interpretatie van een te kunstmatige en tesnel uitgevoerde integratie van de woudbevolking. En ten laatste opent zij de weg naar eenvergelijkende analyse van de achterlanden van Guyana
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Kocieda, Aphrodite. ""We're Taking Slut Back": Analyzing Racialized Gender Politics in Chicago's 2012 Slutwalk March." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5054.
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This thesis examined bodied activism in Chicago's Slutwalk 2012 march, a contemporary movement initiated in Toronto, Canada that publicly challenged the mainstream sentiment that women are responsible for their own rape and victimization. Adopting an intersectional approach, I used textual analysis to discuss photographs posted on the official Chicago Slutwalk website to explore the ways this form of public bodied protest discursively engages women's empowerment from movement feminism as well as third wave and postfeminisms. I additionally analyzed the overall website and its promotional materials for the Slutwalk marches as well as how Chicago's photographic representations privilege the white female body as victim, demonstrating how the reclamation "slut" privileges whiteness. The website depictions normalize how one should react to a system of violence which provides negative implications for women and men who are situated in a postfeminist rape culture. Positioning my analysis within Communication/Cultural Studies and Women's and Gender studies, I contributed to the literature about rape culture and postfeminist activism through my analysis of Slutwalk. By employing intersectionality from feminist theory and textual analysis, I demonstrated how Slutwalk's promotion of bodied activism naturalized postfeminism and excludes Black women from participating.
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Woods, David. "The Giving Up of Greer: The Hypocrisy at the Heart of the Janus-Faced Empire : Writing Back Against the British Imperial Discourse." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35862.
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The aim of this essay is to examine the tension at the heart of the British colonial discourse as it affects the relationship of Travis and Joyce in the chapter "Somewhere in England", in Caryl Phillips's 1993 novel, Crossing the River. The thesis of the essay is that the colonial discourse of the British insists on a racial signifier in the imagined community of the British, and thus resists the idea that a person can be both black and British. The postcolonial analysis shows that it is Joyce's rejection of the national discourse along with the displacement of Travis from a segregated America into a superficially kinder environment that allows their relationship to develop. Yet, along with Travis's death, the contradictions and hypocrisy of the colonial discourse serve to undermine Joyce's lack of racial prejudice and contribute to her giving up her baby at the end of the war.
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Orrù, Enrico. "Student mobility policies in the European Union : the case of the Master and Back programme : private returns, job matching and determinants of return migration." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/942/.
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Student mobility policies have become a high priority of the European Union since they are expected to result in private and social returns. However, at the same time these policies risk leading to unwanted geographical consequences, particularly brain drain from lagging to core regions, as formerly mobile students may not return on completion of their studies. Accordingly, this thesis focuses on both the private returns to student mobility and the determinants of return migration. It is important to note that, currently, the literature about the mobility of students is scarce and provides mixed evidence regarding both these issues. We contribute to the current academic debate in this field by doing a case study on the Master and Back programme, which was implemented since 2005 by the Italian lagging region of Sardinia. The programme is co-financed by the European Social Fund and consists of providing talented Sardinian students with generous scholarships to pursue Master's and Doctoral degrees in the world's best universities. Concerning the private returns to migration, we evaluate the impact of this scheme on the odds of employment and net monthly income of the recipients. Moreover, we assess whether the scheme has been able to improve their job matching. To perform this analysis we access unique administrative data on the recipients and a suitable control group, complemented by a purpose-designed web survey. In addition, we enquire into the determinants of return migration and the underlying decision-making process by using a mixed-methods approach, which is particularly well-suited for very complex phenomena like the one at hand.
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Bistline, Michael E. "An examination of major works for wind band : "National emblem march" by Edwin Eugene Bagley ed. by Frederick Fennell, "On an American spiritual" by David Holsinger, "Portraits" by Jim Colonna, "Serenade, Op. 22 (c)" by Derek Bourgeois." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1648.
Full textBooks on the topic "Colonial Bank"
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Rouse-Jones, Margaret Deanne. The Colonial Bank correspondence, 1837-1885. Newtown, Port of Spain, Trinidad, W.I: Paria Pub. Co., 1986.
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Breaking the bank: An extraordinary colonial robbery. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2008.
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Bank, London and Colonial. Memorandum and articles of association of the London and Colonial Bank, Limited. [London?: s.n.], 1987.
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Mehta, Balraj. India and the neo-colonial order. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications, 1993.
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Corporation, Westpac Banking, ed. This great colonial undertaking: The story of Australia's first bank. [Sydney]: Westpac Banking Corporation, 1992.
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Republic Bank (Trinidad and Tobago), ed. From Colonial to Republic: One hundred and fifty years of business and banking in Trinidad and Tobago, 1837-1987. Newtown, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, W.I: The Bank, 1987.
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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to repeal the incorporation acts of the Colonial Bank, of the International Bank, of the Clifton Bank, and of the Bank of Western Canada. Quebec: Hunter, Rose & Lemieux, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Colonial Bank"
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Sen, Suhit K. "The Politics of Bank Nationalization in India." In Accumulation in Post-Colonial Capitalism, 125–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1037-8_7.
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Hasian, Marouf. "A Critical Genealogical Study of 19th and 20th-Century Colonial and Imperial Concerns about the Financing of Terrorism." In A Postcolonial Critique of the Linde et al. v. Arab Bank, PLC “Terrorism” Bank Cases, 31–47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-57403-9_2.
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Nyamunda, Tinashe. "Gold, Currency and Stamps: The Rejected Plans for a State and Public Bank in Early Colonial Zimbabwe (1896–1907)." In Palgrave Studies in Economic History, 107–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83461-6_5.
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Alam, S. M. Shamsul. "The Subaltern Writes Back." In Rethinking Mau Mau in Colonial Kenya, 195–222. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230606999_8.
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Tapsoba, Tebkieta Alexandra, and Dabiré Bonayi Hubert. "International Remittances and Development in West Africa: The Case of Burkina Faso." In IMISCOE Research Series, 169–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97322-3_9.
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AbstractRemittances are one of the precious spin-offs of international migration in developing countries. They have been fast growing for the last decade, but like any other income, they fluctuate with economic conditions which are affected by several shocks, such as the ongoing covid 19 pandemic. Nevertheless, these transfers sometimes exceed Official Development Aid (ODA) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in some parts of the World such as Sub-Saharan Africa, demonstrating their importance for promoting socio-economic development. This chapter focuses on Burkina Faso, a West African country where more than 80% of the population practice subsistence agriculture, and bear heavily the consequences of poor climatic conditions, exacerbated by the ongoing climate change. The country also has a great history of migration mainly written by its colonial past. Using data from several sources such as the World Bank indicators and national surveys, this chapter aims firstly to understand the trends of remittances flows in the country for the last decade. Secondly, using a national survey on migration conducted in the country, we found that receiving international remittances increases the probability of setting up a non-agricultural business. This result suggests that remittances can help households to set up businesses and be less dependent on climatic conditions.
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Menéndez-Antuña, Luis. "The Colonies Strike Back." In Activist Hermeneutics of Liberation and the Bible, 41–59. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003090274-4.
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Jennings, Eric T. "Writing Madagascar Back into the Madagascar Plan." In Perspectives on French Colonial Madagascar, 163–204. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55967-8_6.
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Dejung, Christof, and Paul Cohen. "Banks, Commodity Exchanges and Agencies." In Commodity Trading, Globalization and the Colonial World, 86–114. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315646831-4.
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Kraemer-Mbula, Erika. "The African Development Bank." In Regional Development Banks in the World Economy, 55–69. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861089.003.0003.
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This chapter demonstrates how the African Development Bank (AfDB) has been deeply shaped by the history of its continent. Fuelled by a sentiment of independence, the creation of the AfDB was driven by a determination to create a regional bank run by Africans, funded by Africans, and serving African needs. African governments’ desire for autonomy and the quest to break with distorted patterns created by Africa’s colonial past helped position the AfDB as the largest development institution dedicated solely to serve the needs of the continent. This chapter argues that, over the years and—despite significant institutional reform, including the acceptance of non-regional members in its Board from 1982, including the United States and former colonial powers—the AfDB has managed overall to preserve its ‘African identity’.
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Eiran, Ehud. "The Israeli Settlement Project in the West Bank and Gaza (1967–77)." In Post-Colonial Settlement Strategy, 41–84. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474437578.003.0003.
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The chapter explains the launch of the Israeli settlement project in Gaza and the West-Bank (Including East-Jerusalem) following Israel’s occupation of these regions in the 1967 Six-Day War. The chapter uses the theory advanced in the book and shows that Israel launched the settlement project in order to secure permanent territorial expansion into these areas. Israel believed that the future of these areas will be determined in a negotiation within the framework of UNSCR 242. The settlement project was meant to affect the outcome of these future talks. The chapter identifies the conditions for the launch of the project: US support and a legal ambiguity regarding the status of these areas, American support, and an institutional capacity to carry out such a project. The local population’s low level of affinity with Israel further contributed to the launch of the project.
Conference papers on the topic "Colonial Bank"
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Campos, João. "The superb Brazilian Fortresses of Macapá and Príncipe da Beira." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11520.
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During the eighteenth century Portugal developed a large military construction process in the Ultramarine possessions, in order to compete with the new born colonial trading empires, mainly Great Britain, Netherlands and France. The Portuguese colonial seashores of the Atlantic Ocean (since the middle of the sixteenth century) and of the Indian Ocean (from the end of the first quarter of the seventeenth century) were repeatedly coveted, and the huge Portuguese colony of Brazil was also harassed in the south during the eighteenth century –here due to problems in a diplomatic and military dispute with Spain, related with the global frontiers’ design of the Iberian colonies. The Treaty of Madrid (1750) had specifically abrogated the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) between Portugal and Spain, and the limits of Brazil began to be defined on the field. Macapá is situated in the western branch of Amazonas delta, in the singular cross-point of the Equator with Tordesillas Meridian, and the construction of a big fortress began in the year of 1764 under direction of Enrico Antonio Galluzzi, an Italian engineer contracted by Portuguese administration to the Commission of Delimitation, which arrived in Brazil in 1753. In consequence of the political panorama in Europe after the Seven Years War (1756-1763), a new agreement between Portugal and Spain was negotiated (after the regional conflict in South America), achieved to the Treaty of San Idefonso (1777), which warranted the integration of the Amazonas basin. It was strategic the decision to build, one year before, the huge fortress of Príncipe da Beira, arduously realized in the most interior of the sub-continent, 2000 km from the sea throughout the only possible connection by rivers navigation. Domingos Sambucetti, another Italian engineer, was the designer and conductor of the jobs held on the right bank of Guaporé River, future frontier’s line with Bolivia. São José de Macapá and Príncipe da Beira are two big fortresses Vauban’ style, built under very similar projects by two Italian engineers (each one dead with malaria in the course of building), with the observance of the most exigent rules of the treaties of military architecture.
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Arno, Matthew G., Janine Katanic Arno, Donald A. Halter, Robert O. Berry, and Ian S. Hamilton. "Radiological Characterization of a Copper/Cobalt Mining and Milling Site." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16322.
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Extensive copper and cobalt ore deposits can be found in the Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo near the city of Kolwezi. These deposits have been mined via open pit and underground mines since the 19th century with many changes in control of the mines including colonial industrial control and Congolese government control. With the recent re-establishment of a relatively stable democratic government in the DRC, foreign investors returned to the area to restart mining activities that were abruptly terminated in the 1990’s due to political turmoil. Some of these new projects are being performed in accordance with World Bank and International Finance Corporation Social & Environmental Sustainability standards. As part of these standards, radiological characterization of the mines, processing facilities, and surrounding environment was conducted to establish current conditions, evaluate human health and ecological risks, and provide a basis for establishment of radiation safety and environmental remediation programs. In addition to naturally occurring radioactive materials associated with the copper/cobalt ore, the site was reputedly historically used to store ore from the Shinkolobwe uranium mine, the source of the uranium ore for the World War II Manhattan project. The radiological characterization was conducted via extensive gamma radiation surveys using vehicle-mounted sodium-iodide detectors, random grid composite soil sampling, biased soil sampling of areas with elevated gamma radiation levels, and sampling of surface water features. The characterization revealed broad areas of elevated gamma radiation levels of up to 160 μGy/hr in two distinct areas believed to be the Shinkolobwe uranium mine ore storage locations. Other areas, with gamma radiation levels of up to 80 μGy/hr, were detected associated with copper/cobalt ore refinery tailings and waste rock (overburden) sediments. The gamma radiation surveys revealed that elevated radiation levels were largely confined to areas previously disturbed by mechanized mining activities. Radiological contaminants in local surface water sources were within drinking water standards with the exception of one river heavily polluted with both uranium and other metals by waste streams from an ore processing and refining facility. Surrounding areas that appeared to be undisturbed by mining, including agricultural areas, native villages, and urban colonial-architecture cities, exhibited soil concentration and gamma radiation levels consistent with expected background levels.
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Quilodrán Rubio, Carolina, Antonio Sahady Villanueva, and José Bravo Sánchez. "La poderosa incidencia de la cartografía histórica en la reconstrucción del proceso evolutivo de La Chimba de Santiago de Chile." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6170.
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A partir de la documentación histórica, en el presente estudio se analiza la representación de La Chimba entre los siglos XVI y XIX. Se analiza la reconstrucción del territorio de la otra banda u otra orilla -significado en lengua quechua-, a partir de las representaciones planimétricas de la ciudad entre el periodo colonial y los inicios de la República.
Se revisa su configuración en el exterior de la trama urbana, interpretada en los inicios con una estricta regularidad geométrica de su cuadrícula, el contexto geográfico y la integración de este territorio suburbano a la ciudad de Santiago a finales del siglo XIX. From the historical documentation, in the present study the representation of The Chimba is analysed between the XVIth and XIXth centuries. The reconstruction of the other band or other shore -meaning in Quechua language- is analysed, from the planimetrical representations of the city between the colonial period and the beginnings of the Republic Its configuration is checked in the exterior of the urban pattern, interpreted in the beginnings with a strict geometric regularity of its grid, the geographical context and the integration of this suburban territory to the city of Santiago at the end of the XIXth century.
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Chergui, Samia, and Dehbia Haddad. "Les abords de la citadelle d’Alger au XIXème siècle." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11370.
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The surroundings of the Algiers’s citadel in the nineteenth centuryThe major works undertaken between 1817 and 1830 transformed the citadel of Algiers into a most important place of sovereignty and power, boasting different administrative, economic and religious centres. However, today, the physiognomy of the surroundings of this palace-fortress is marked by the upheaval of the French colonial period between 1830 and 1870. The creation of the Boulevard de la Victoire and the demolition, for security reasons, of the surrounding buildings, definitively altered the landscape and urban typology of the Ottoman period. This article examines the urban fabric of the ancient surroundings of the Citadel and their transformation during the nineteenth century. It traces back the development of the surroundings, and explains the reasons behind their demolition. The study tries also to give an assessment of the principle characteristics of the architectural components within their urban fabric.
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Alves da Silva, J. I., D. Falcão, S. Ponte, R. Marcos-Pinto, I. Pedroto, and R. Küttner-Magalhães. "CLIP WITH RUBBER BAND MODIFICATION FOR DYNAMIC TRACTION IN COLONIC ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION (ESD)." In ESGE Days 2022. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744789.
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Morelato, Andressa da Silveira. "Santa Leopoldina/es: relação entre dinâmica urbana e a paisagem histórica: como a alteração da dinâmica econômica em virtude das novas demandas tem alterado a paisagem e os imóveis do sítio histórico de Santa Leopoldina/ES." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5991.
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O Sítio Histórico de Santa Leopoldina, construído às margens do rio Santa Maria da Vitória, distribui-se de
forma paralela ao rio, ocupando uma área relativamente plana. Arquitetonicamente, apresenta diversidade
estilística com predomínio de elementos inspirados no estilo eclético, além da coexistência de elementos
típicos do período colonial e neoclássico.
No final do século XIX e início do século XX, a sede de Santa Leopoldina funcionava como entreposto
comercial que lhe permitia o monopólio na distribuição sobre os produtos que circulavam no rio, fato que
conferiu grande prosperidade econômica e cultural à sede.
Porém, a construção da estrada que ligava o sítio à Vitória em 1927, retirou da sede o monopólio sobre a
distribuição dos produtos, o que marca o início da decadência do tráfego fluvial e da cidade.
Com tais mudanças, o sítio passou a sofrer interferências, na perspectiva de atender à uma nova realidade.
Assim, este trabalho pretende apresentar como a modificação da dinâmica econômica do sítio interferiu na
transformação de sua paisagem urbana, nos usos e nas características dos imóveis tombados. The Historic Site of Santa Leopoldina, built on the banks of the river Santa Maria da Vitoria, is situated
in parallel to the river, occupying a relatively flat area. Architecturally, it presents stylistic diversity
with a predominance of elements inspired by the eclectic style, along side the existence of typical elements
of the colonial and neo-classical periods.
In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, the site of Santa Leopoldina functioned as a
trading post that allowed a monopoly in the distribution of products transiting through the river,
which contributed greatly to the economic and cultural prosperityof Santa Leopoldia.
However, the construction of the road linking the site to Vitoria in 1927, removed the monopoly of goods
distribution from Santa Leopoldina, which marks the beginning of the decline of the river trade and the
city itself.
With these changes, the town began to suffer difficulties in meeting the new realities. This work aims to
present how this change in urban dynamics interfered with the transformation of the urban landscape, as
well as the use and characteristics of protected buildings.
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Gewirtz, A., W. Y. Xu, B. Rucinski, and S. Niewiarowski. "SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF HUMAN MEGAKARYOCYTOPOIESIS IN VITRO BY HIGHLY PURIFIED PLATELET FACTOR 4." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644621.
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Platelet (plt) factor 4 (PF4) is an alpha granule protein which can modulate T lymphocyte function. T cells may help regulate megakaryocytopoiesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that T cell-PF4 interactions might play a role in autoregulating marrow megakaryocyte (MEG) production. To test this idea, we studied MEG colony formation in plasma clot cultures containing human serum derived solely from pit poor normal AB plasma, enriched hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), autologous T cells, and exogenous PF4. Highly purified PF4 (single band on SDS gel) was prepared from outdated human pits by a combination of heparin-agarose, Sephacryl G-200, and Sephadex G-50 column chromatography. HPC were prepared by depleting normal light density marrow mononuclear cells of adherent monocytes, and T cells. T cells were further fractionated into helper (Leu 3+) and suppressor (Leu 2+) subtypes by solid phase immunoabsorption ("panning"). MEG colonies were enumerated by indirect immunofluorescence with an anti-human platelet glycoprotein antiserum. HPC(5×105/ml) were co-cultured with Leu 3+, or Leu 2+ T cells at target;T cell ratios of 2:1 (n=3; n=4 respectively) and l:l(n=4; n=4 respectively) in the presence of 2.5 μg/ml PF4. Under these growth conditions, MEG colony formation was unchanged (p>0.5) when compared to colonies formed by HPC in the absence of PF4. When the above experiments were repeated (n=2-3/condition) at a higher PF4 concentration [25 μg/ml], MEG colony formation was markedly (>60%) inhibited. To determine if PF4 directly inhibited MEG or erythroid progenitor cell growth (CFU-Meg; CFU-E) in vitro, HPC were cloned in PF4 (25μg/ml) without added T cells. Mean ± SEM of MEG and CFU-E derived colonies formed without vs. with PF4 was as follows:These results suggest that: 1) PF4 may be a non-T cell dependent, lineage specific inhibitor of CFU-MEG, and 2) PF4 may play a role in autoregulating human megakaryocytopoiesis.
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Pioche, M., T. Wallenhorst, J. Jacques, and J. Rivory. "Endoscopic Resection of Lesions Invading Colonic Diverticulas is Feasible Using Clip and Rubber Band Traction." In ESGE Days 2021. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1724727.
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Jacques, J., J. Albouys, J. Rivory, R. Legros, T. Ponchon, D. Sautereau, and M. Pioche. "COLONIC ESD: IS IT EASY WITH COUNTERTRACTION BY CLIP AND RUBBER BAND? A PROSPECTIVE STUDY." In ESGE Days 2019. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1681710.
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Uzra, Mehbuba Tune, and Peter Scrivener. "Designing Post-colonial Domesticity: Positions and Polarities in the Feminine Reception of New Residential Patterns in Modernising East Pakistan and Bangladesh." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4027pcwf6.
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When Paul Rudolph was commissioned to design a new university campus for East Pakistan in the mid-1960s, the project was among the first to introduce the expressionist brutalist lexicon of late-modernism into the changing architectural language of postcolonial South and Southeast Asia. Beyond the formal and tectonic ruptures with established colonial-modern norms that these designs represented, they also introduced equally radical challenges to established patterns of domestic space-use. Principles of open-planning and functional zoning employed by Rudolf in the design of academic staff accommodation, for example, evidently reflected a socially progressive approach – in light of the contemporary civil rights movement back in America – to the accommodation of domestic servants within the household of the modern nuclear family. As subsequent residents would recount, however, these same planning principles could have very different and even opposite implications for the privacy and sense of security of Bangladeshi academics and their families. The paper explores and interprets the post-occupancy experience of living in such novel ‘ultra-modern’ patterns of a new domesticity in postcolonial Bangladesh, and their reception and adaptation into the evolving norms of everyday residential development over the decades since. Specifically, it examines the reception of and responses to these radically new residential patterns by female members of the evolving modern Bengali Muslim middle class who were becoming progressively more liberal in their outlook and lifestyles, whilst retaining consciousness and respect for the abiding significance in their personal and family lives of traditional cultural practices and religious affinities. Drawing from the case material and methods of an on-going PhD study, the paper will offer a contrapuntal analysis of architectural and ethnological evidence of how the modern Bengali woman negotiates, adapts to and calibrates these received architectural patterns of domesticity whilst simultaneously crafting a reembraced cultural concept of femininity, in a fluid dialogical process of refashioning both space and self.
Reports on the topic "Colonial Bank"
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Eberle, Caitlyn. Technical Report: Haiti earthquake. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/czxc9603.
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On 14 August 2021, Haiti was hit by a magnitude 7.2 earthquake with an epicentre in the Canal du Sud (120 km west of the capital, Port-au-Prince). The earthquake killed over 2,200 people and injured more than 12,000. The vulnerability of the Haitian people to such a disaster can be traced back through centuries of colonial exploitation, resource extraction and political instability; displaying very clearly that disasters are byproducts of the societal construction of risk. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Haiti earthquake through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
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Christensen, Martin-Brehm, Christian Hallum, Alex Maitland, Quentin Parrinello, Chiara Putaturo, Dana Abed, Carlos Brown, Anthony Kamande, Max Lawson, and Susana Ruiz. Survival of the Richest: How we must tax the super-rich now to fight inequality. Oxfam, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2023.621477.
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We are living through an unprecedented moment of multiple crises. Tens of millions more people are facing hunger. Hundreds of millions more face impossible rises in the cost of basic goods or heating their homes. Poverty has increased for the first time in 25 years. At the same time, these multiple crises all have winners. The very richest have become dramatically richer and corporate profits have hit record highs, driving an explosion of inequality. This report focuses on how taxing the rich is vital to addressing this unprecedented polycrisis and skyrocketing inequality. The report explores how, in recent history, taxation of the richest was far higher; how talk of taxing the rich and making billionaires pay their fair share is hugely popular; and how taxing the rich claws back elite power and reduces not just economic inequality, but racial, gender and colonial inequalities, too. The report lays out how much tax the richest should pay, and the practical, tried and tested ways in which governments can raise such taxation. It shows us how taxing the rich can set us clearly on a path to a more equal, sustainable world free from poverty.
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King, E. L., A. Normandeau, T. Carson, P. Fraser, C. Staniforth, A. Limoges, B. MacDonald, F. J. Murrillo-Perez, and N. Van Nieuwenhove. Pockmarks, a paleo fluid efflux event, glacial meltwater channels, sponge colonies, and trawling impacts in Emerald Basin, Scotian Shelf: autonomous underwater vehicle surveys, William Kennedy 2022011 cruise report. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331174.
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A short but productive cruise aboard RV William Kennedy tested various new field equipment near Halifax (port of departure and return) but also in areas that could also benefit science understanding. The GSC-A Gavia Autonomous Underwater Vehicle equipped with bathymetric, sidescan and sub-bottom profiler was successfully deployed for the first time on Scotian Shelf science targets. It surveyed three small areas: two across known benthic sponge, Vazella (Russian Hat) within a DFO-directed trawling closure area on the SE flank of Sambro Bank, bordering Emerald Basin, and one across known pockmarks, eroded cone-shaped depression in soft mud due to fluid efflux. The sponge study sites (~ 150 170 m water depth) were known to lie in an area of till (subglacial diamict) exposure at the seabed. The AUV data identified gravel and cobble-rich seabed, registering individual clasts at 35 cm gridded resolution. A subtle variation in seabed texture is recognized in sidescan images, from cobble-rich on ridge crests and flanks, to limited mud-rich sediment in intervening troughs. Correlation between seabed topography and texture with the (previously collected) Vazella distribution along two transects is not straightforward. However there may be a preference for the sponge in the depressions, some of which have a thin but possibly ephemeral sediment cover. Both sponge study sites depict a hereto unknown morphology, carved in glacial deposits, consisting of a series of discontinuous ridges interpreted to be generated by erosion in multiple, continuous, meandering and cross-cutting channels. The morphology is identical to glacial Nye, or mp;lt;"N-mp;lt;"channels, cut by sub-glacial meltwater. However their scale (10 to 100 times mp;lt;"typicalmp;gt;" N-channels) and the unique eroded medium, (till rather than bedrock), presents a rare or unknown size and medium and suggests a continuum in sub-glacial meltwater channels between much larger tunnel valleys, common to the eastward, and the bedrock forms. A comparison is made with coastal Nova Scotia forms in bedrock. The Emerald Basin AUV site, targeting pockmarks was in ~260 to 270 m water depth and imaged eight large and one small pockmark. The main aim was to investigate possible recent or continuous fluid flux activity in light of ocean acidification or greenhouse gas contribution; most accounts to date suggested inactivity. While a lack of common attributes marking activity is confirmed, creep or rotational flank failure is recognized, as is a depletion of buried diffuse methane immediately below the seabed features. Discovery of a second, buried, pockmark horizon, with smaller but more numerous erosive cones and no spatial correlation to the buried diffuse gas or the seabed pockmarks, indicates a paleo-event of fluid or gas efflux; general timing and possible mechanisms are suggested. The basinal survey also registered numerous otter board trawl marks cutting the surficial mud from past fishing activity. The AUV data present a unique dataset for follow-up quantification of the disturbance. Recent realization that this may play a significant role in ocean acidification on a global scale can benefit from such disturbance quantification. The new pole-mounted sub-bottom profiler collected high quality data, enabling correlation of recently recognized till ridges exposed at the seabed as they become buried across the flank and base of the basin. These, along with the Nye channels, will help reconstruct glacial behavior and flow patterns which to date are only vaguely documented. Several cores provide the potential for stratigraphic dating of key horizons and will augment Holocene environmental history investigations by a Dalhousie University student. In summary, several unique features have been identified, providing sufficient field data for further compilation, analysis and follow-up publications.
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Commonwealth Bank - 6th War Loan advertising - Colonial Mutual Life of New York building, Martin Place - 1918 (plate 157). Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-001618.
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