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1
Noor, Farish A. The Discursive Construction of Southeast Asia in 19th Century Colonial-Capitalist Discourse. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089648846.
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The nations of Southeast Asia today are rapidly integrating economically and politically, but that integration is also counterbalanced by forces ranging from hyper-nationalism to disputes over cultural ownership throughout the region. Those forces, Farish A. Noor argues in this book, have their roots in the region's failure to come to a critical understanding of how current national and cultural identities in the region came about. To remedy that, Noor offers a close account of the construction of Southeast Asia in the nineteenth century by the forces of capitalism and imperialism, and shows how that construct remains a potent aspect of political, economic, and cultural disputes today.
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Moran, Arik. Kingship and Polity on the Himalayan Borderland. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462985605.
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Kingship and Polity on the Himalayan Borderland explores the modern transformation of state and society in the Indian Himalaya. Centred on three Rajput led-kingdoms during the transition to British rule (c. 1790-1840) and their interconnected histories, it demonstrates how border making practices engendered a modern reading of ‘tradition’ that informs communal identities to this day. Countering the common depiction of these states as all-male, caste-exclusive entities, it reveals the strong familial base of Rajput polity, wherein women — and regent queens in particular — played a key role alongside numerous non-Rajput groups. Drawing on rich archival records, rarely examined local histories, and nearly two decades of ethnographic research, it offers an alternative to the popular and scholarly discourses that developed with the rise of colonial knowledge. The analysis exposes the cardinal contribution of borderland spaces to the fabrication of group identities. This book will interest historians and anthropologists of South Asia and of the Himalaya, as well as scholars working on postcolonialism, gender, and historiography.
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(Editor), Patrick Williams, and Laura Chrisman (Editor), eds. Colonial Discourse/ Post-Colonial Theory. Columbia University Press, 1994.
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4
1952-, Barker Francis, Hulme Peter 1948-, and Iversen Margaret, eds. Colonial discourse/postcolonial theory. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996.
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5
1952-, Barker Francis, Hulme Peter, and Iversen Margaret, eds. Colonial discourse, postcolonial theory. Manchester [England]: Manchester University Press, 1994.
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(Editor), Patrick Williams, Laura Chrismas (Editor), and Laura Chisman (Editor), eds. Colonial Discourse and Post-colonial Theory. Prentice-Hall, 1993.
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8
Williams, Patrick, and Laura Chrisman. Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315656496.
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(Editor), Patrick Williams, and Laura Chrisman (Editor), eds. Colonial Discourse/ Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader. Columbia University Press, 1994.
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10
1951-, Williams Patrick, and Chrisman Laura, eds. Colonial discourse and post-colonial theory: A reader. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
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11
Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.
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12
Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.
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13
Laura, Chrisman, and Williams Patrick, eds. Colonial discourse and post-colonial theory: A reader. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993.
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14
Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.
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15
(Editor), Francis Barker, Peter Hulme (Editor), and Margaret Iversen (Editor), eds. Colonial Discourse/Postcolonial Theory (The Essex Symposia, Literature, Politics, Theory). Manchester Univ Pr, 1994.
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16
Cheng, Patrick S. Contributions from Queer Theory. Edited by Adrian Thatcher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199664153.013.35.
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This chapter provides an overview of what Christian theologians need to know about queer theory, which is a critical approach to sexuality and gender that challenges the ‘naturalness’ of identities. Based upon developments in queer theory since the early 1990s, the chapter proposes the following four marks of queer theory: (1) identity without essence; (2) transgression; (3) resisting binaries; and (4) social construction. The chapter then discusses four strands of queer theology that correspond with each of the four marks of queer theory. The chapter concludes by suggesting six issues for future queer theological reflection: (1) queer of colour critique; (2) queer post-colonial theory; (3) queer psychoanalytical discourse; (4) queer temporality; (5) queer disability studies; and (6) queer interfaith dialogue.
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Bhatt, Rakesh M. Situating World Englishes into a History of English Course. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190611040.003.0022.
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This chapter will address the teaching of “post-colonial Englishes,” focusing on the sociopolitical and cultural conditions that enabled changes in English as it was used during, and after, the colonial encounter. To capture the complexity of linguistic hybridities associated with plural identities, our disciplinary discourses of the global use and acquisition of English must (i) liberate the field of World Englishes from the orthodoxies of the past and instead connect it to a more general theory of the sociolinguistics of globalization, and, especially (ii) bring into focus local forms shaped by the local logics of practice. This chapter discusses specific examples of the practice of creativity in grammar, discourse, and sociolinguistic use of World English varieties.
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Sharkey, Heather J. African Colonial States. Edited by John Parker and Richard Reid. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199572472.013.0008.
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This chapter sketches a history of European colonial states in Africa, north and south of the Sahara, during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It explains when and why colonial states emerged, what they did, how they worked, and who shaped them. Noting discrepancies between the theory and practice of colonial administration, the chapter shows that colonial administration was far more diffuse and less closely coordinated than official discourses of governance suggested. The performance of colonialism involved a wide range of actors: not only European military and civilian elites and African chiefs, but also African translators and tax collectors, as well as European forestry experts, missionaries, anthropologists, and settlers. The chapter also considers debates over reconciling the violence and exploitation of colonial states with their claims to, and aspirations for, social development in Africa, particularly in light of their relationship to the postcolonial states that succeeded them.
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Stanard, Matthew G. Interwar Crises and Europe’s Unfinished Empires. Edited by Nicholas Doumanis. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695669.013.13.
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The period 1914–45 represents the height of European overseas empire even as seeds were sown hastening imperialism’s demise. Colonies were ‘unfinished empires’ in the process of becoming, although frequent resorts to violence in the colonies indicated the limits of Europe’s grasp. Although many emerged from the First World War dubious about European so-called civilization, the civilizing mission survived and flourished, suggesting Europe’s enduring self-confidence. Development became a dominant discourse while the Great Depression quickened colonial exploitation. Emigration and settlement on expropriated lands slowed relative to Europe’s rapid expansion in the 1800s, yet formal colonialism proceeded apace, with few exceptions. Development and exploitation led to forced or voluntary migration of colonial subjects on a large scale. Cold War ideological competition was ‘exported’ to much of the colonial world. Non-Europeans used networks to claim their rights and attack European colonial rule, and they and the colonies influenced Europe, which developed various ‘colonial cultures’.
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1952-, Rajan Gita, and Mohanram Radhika, eds. Postcolonial discourse and changing cultural contexts: Theory and criticism. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1995.
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21
Wimbush, Vincent L. “We Have Fallen Apart”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190664701.003.0004.
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This chapter is exploration of the conditions and reasons for the near destruction of the villagers who are ensnared by the colonial project and its forms of violence. Beyond expropriation of their land, the villagers face erasure of their local customs and traditions, their rituals, their language, their rhythms, and so forth, as the colonial power commandeers discourse itself. We are presented a frightening picture of the destructive work that scriptures—texts, yes, but more broadly, textual and discursive politics—can be made to do. The new religion and its government—the British colonials—effectively tear Umuofians from their own world. Such rupture is evident to most Umuofians. Beyond honest recognition of things having fallen apart, the challenge is to figure out what to make of the rupture.
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Drexler-Dreis, Joseph, and Kristien Justaert, eds. Beyond the Doctrine of Man. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823286898.001.0001.
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Beyond the Doctrine of Man responds to the question of how individuals and communities can live and have lived beyond the way the human person is defined in colonial modernity. This volume brings together essays that interrogate the problem of modern/colonial definitions of the human person and that take up the struggle to decolonize these descriptive statements. As the problem of coloniality transcends disciplinary constructions, so do the contributions in this book. They engage work from various fields, including ethnic studies, religious studies, theology, queer theory, philosophy, and literary studies. The essays in Beyond the Doctrine of Man were catalyzed by Sylvia Wynter’s questioning of modern/colonial descriptions of the human person. Wynter asks this question within a larger project of unsettling and countering these definitions. Contributors to this collection follow in this move—sometimes in direct reference to Wynter’s work and sometimes primarily focusing on the work of others—of asking how Western modernity has naturalized itself through a discourse on the human. This analytical work taken up by contributors is at the service of unsettling and countering this naturalization.
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Ramírez, Dixa. Colonial Phantoms. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479850457.001.0001.
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Colonial Phantoms argues that Dominican cultural expression from the late nineteenth century to the present day reveals the ghosted singularities of Dominican history and demographic composition. For centuries, the territory hosted a majority mixed-race free population whose negotiations with colonial power were deeply ambivalent. Disquieted by the predominating black freedom, Western discourses ghosted—mis-categorized or erased—the Dominican Republic from the most important global conversations and decisions of the 19th century. What kind of national culture do you create when leaders of the world powers, on whose recognition you depend, rarely remember your nation’s name? Dominicans, both island and diasporic, have expressed their dissatisfaction with dominant descriptors and interpellations through literature, music, and speech acts. These expressions run the gamut from ultra-conservative, anti-Haitian nationalist literature to present-day Afro-Latinx activism. Dominant fields of knowledge constructed to account for various modes of being in the Americas have not been able to discern, and, in some cases, have helped to obscure, the kinds of free black subjectivity that emerged in the Dominican Republic. Analyzing literature, government documents, music, the visual arts, public monuments, film, and ephemeral and stage performance, this book intervenes at the level of knowledge production and analysis by disrupting some of the fields. In so doing, it establishes a framework for placing Dominican expressive culture and historical formations at the forefront of a number of scholarly investigations of colonial modernity in the Americas, the African diaspora, geographic displacement (e.g., migration and exile), and international divisions of labor.
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Belser, Julia Watts. Disability Studies and the Destruction of Jerusalem. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190600471.003.0004.
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This chapter uses disability studies theory to analyze the political and cultural significations of the body amidst Roman conquest. Extending the insights of scholars who have examined way Roman colonial dominance reshapes Jewish gender discourse, it argues that imperial violence similarly restructures the way rabbinic narrative portrays the body. Bavli Gittin and Lamentations Rabbah both recount stories of Rabbi Tsadok, a celebrated priest who fasted for forty years in an attempt to avert the destruction of Jerusalem. In contrast to the beauty tales examined in the previous chapter, Rabbi Tsadok’s body is used to mark the visceral impact of Roman conquest—and to chronicle the enduring scar that catastrophe leaves upon the flesh. Yet even as these stories use disability to make visible the tremendous loss that destruction brings, they also resignify the cultural logic of imperial victory, emphasizing the subversive power of disabled Jewish flesh.
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(Editor), Gita Rajan, and Radhika Mohanram (Editor), eds. Postcolonial Discourse and Changing Cultural Contexts: Theory and Criticism (Contributions to the Study of World Literature). Greenwood Press, 1995.
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26
Sandler, Willeke. Caring for Africans Here and There. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697907.003.0005.
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This chapter turns to the content of colonialist discourse and explores colonialists’ responses to Nazi racial laws (and to British reactions to these laws) as they integrated Nazi racism into their narrative of peaceful German-African relations. Colonialists’ image of Germans as benevolent colonizers served as the cornerstone of their imagined colonial past, but had to be situated within the Nazi worldview that condemned “racial inferiors” to persecution and extermination. Efforts to support former colonial subjects living in Germany, such as through the Deutsche Afrika-Schau (1935–1940), brought the conflict between colonialists’ benign narrative and the realities of the Nazi racial state into sharp relief. Differentiating between Africans and Jews, colonialist authors expressed support for anti-Semitism and framed Nazi racism as complementary with benevolent colonialism.
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Sandler, Willeke. Empire in the Heimat. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697907.001.0001.
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With the end of the First World War, Germany became a “postcolonial” power. The Treaty of Versailles in 1919 transformed Germany’s overseas colonies in Africa and the Pacific into League of Nations Mandates, administered by other powers. Yet a number of Germans rejected this “postcolonial” status, arguing instead that Germany was simply an interrupted colonial power and would soon reclaim these territories. With the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, irredentism seemed once again on the agenda, and these colonialist advocates actively and loudly promoted their colonial cause in the Third Reich. Examining the domestic activities of these colonialist lobbying organizations, Empire in the Heimat demonstrates the continued place of overseas colonialism in shaping German national identity after the end of formal empire. In the Third Reich, the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft and the Reichskolonialbund framed Germans as having a particular aptitude for colonialism and the overseas territories as a German Heimat. As such, they sought to give overseas colonialism renewed meaning for both the present and the future of Nazi Germany. They brought this message to the German public through countless publications, exhibitions, rallies, lectures, photographs, and posters. Their public activities were met with a mix of occasional support, ambivalence, or even outright opposition from some Nazi officials, who privileged the Nazi regime’s European territorial goals over colonialists’ overseas goals. Colonialists’ ability to navigate this obstruction and intervention reveals both the limitations and the spaces available in the public sphere under Nazism for such “special interest” discourses.
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Kim, Su Yun. Imperial Romance. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751882.001.0001.
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This book argues that the idea of colonial intimacy within the Japanese empire of the early twentieth century had a far broader and more popular influence on discourse makers, social leaders, and intellectuals than previously understood. The book investigates representations of Korean–Japanese intimate and familial relationships — including romance, marriage, and kinship — in literature, media, and cinema, alongside documents that discuss colonial policies during the Japanese protectorate period and colonial rule in Korea (1905–45). Focusing on Korean perspectives, the book uncovers political meaning in the representation of intimacy and emotion between Koreans and Japanese portrayed in print media and films. It disrupts the conventional reading of colonial-period texts as the result of either coercion or the disavowal of colonialism, thereby expanding our understanding of colonial writing practices. The theme of intermarriage gave elite Korean writers and cultural producers opportunities to question their complicity with imperialism. Their fictions challenged expected colonial boundaries, creating tensions in identity and hierarchy, and also in narratives of the linear developmental trajectory of modernity. Examining a broad range of writings and films from this period, the book maps the colonized subjects' fascination with their colonizers and with moments that allowed them to become active participants in and agents of Japanese and global imperialism.
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Konishi, Shino. Representing Aboriginal Masculinity in Howard’s Australia. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036514.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the way in which the Howard government and its supporters revitalized colonial tropes about Aboriginal masculinity in order to progressively dismantle and undermine indigenous rights and sovereignty, culminating in the quasi-military intervention into supposedly dysfunctional Aboriginal communities towards the end of Howard's fourth term. It critiques and historicizes a range of demeaning representations that assume Aboriginal men are violent and misogynistic. These representations can be traced back to initial encounters between European and indigenous men. The aim is to bring academic, media, and governmental discourses about Aboriginal masculinity into conversation with masculinity studies, which means contextualizing notions of Aboriginal masculinity in ways that avoid unreflective colonial conceptions. Finally, the chapter examines the public response of Aboriginal men to this demonization, and how they negotiate their own masculine identities in the face of a colonial culture that disparages them for their race and gender.
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Reid-Vazquez, Michele. Tensions of Race, Gender, and Midwifery in Colonial Cuba. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036637.003.0008.
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This chapter examines representations of honor, gender, race, and labor in colonial Cuba through the lens of midwifery. More specifically, it considers how free women of African descent used occupational choice as a marker of identity and honor despite the limits of race and gender within Cuba's slave society. Using the tensions surrounding local and international debates over parteras (midwives) in the nineteenth century, the chapter looks at the ways that free women of color resisted the efforts of the colonial state to diminish their participation in midwifery. It also discusses the professionalization in medicine in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and its impact on midwifery in Cuba, along with the colonial state's attempts to regulate midwives. Finally, it considers how free black and mulatto women appropriated elite discourses of honor and created a labor niche that challenged established socioracial codes of conduct. It shows that medical professionalization, feminine ideals, honor, occupational whitening, and racial denigration converged to shape the social and economic parameters for free women of African descent in colonial Cuba.
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Bhushan, Nalini, and Jay L. Garfield. Anticipating India’s Future. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457594.003.0008.
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This chapter explores the ideas of swaraj and swadeshi and the variety of ways in which they were understood in Indian political debates in the colonial period. It also considers the ways in which these terms entered academic philosophical discourse and interacted with Vedānta thought. It discusses the Gandhi-Tagore debate about swadeshi and swaraj and the deployment of these ideas in academic philosophy and in art.
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McGuigan, Jim. Neoliberalism and the Equivocations of Empire. Edited by Angela M. Labrador and Neil Asher Silberman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676315.013.31.
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The British Empire has been through several phases of ideological grace and disgrace. When it folded during the post–Second World War period there was widespread public awareness of terrible atrocities and great harm caused by the British in their former colonial territories. Pride in the past achievements of Empire, however, has re-emerged today alongside continuing recognition of its evils, perhaps serving to inoculate against really searching criticism and the virus of oppositional discourse to the typical operations of geopolitical power under neoliberal conditions. These matters raise serious issues to do with memorialization in public heritage.
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Messac, Luke. No More to Spend. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190066192.001.0001.
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This book is a political history of medicine in colonial and postcolonial Malawi and, in a larger sense, an exploration of the social construction of scarcity. In much of the historical and public health literature on Africa, dismal public-sector health-care spending is considered a necessary consequence of a low GDP. But is it true that poor patients in poor countries are doomed to go without the fruits of modern medicine? The history of Malawi demonstrates how official neglect of health care required political, rhetorical, and even martial campaigns by colonial and postcolonial governments. Rising demand for medical care among African publics compelled governments either to increase spending or offer rationalizations for their inaction. Because many of these claims of scarcity persist in global health discourse, the ways in which they were deployed, defended, and (at certain moments) defeated have important implications for health outcomes today.
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Kaoma, Kapya J. The Marriage of Convenience. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037726.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses how the myth that sexual rights are Western impositions has taken solid root in African theological and political discourse, in spite of the established fact that homosexuality was practiced in traditional societies. Right-leaning American and African religious and political leaders unabashedly claim that homosexual behaviors were introduced by Western progressives—giving them a neocolonial nexus. Sadly, scapegoating the West for what is essentially African diversity in sexual behaviors increases the culture of silence that surrounds sexuality across the continent. However, there is undoubtedly a very public outcry or countermobilization against homosexuality in today's Africa. Postcolonial Africa is highly critical of colonial laws and values, but one colonial legacy is the English law that reads the same across Anglophone Africa.
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Pelgrom, Jeremia, and Arthur Weststeijn, eds. The Renaissance of Roman Colonization. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850960.001.0001.
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The colonization policies of Ancient Rome followed a range of legal arrangements concerning property distribution and state formation, documented in fragmented textual and epigraphic sources. Once antiquarian scholars rediscovered and scrutinized these sources in the Renaissance, their analysis of the Roman colonial model formed the intellectual background for modern visions of empire. What does it mean to exercise power at and over distance? This book foregrounds the pioneering contribution to this debate of the great Italian Renaissance scholar Carlo Sigonio (1522/3–84). His comprehensive legal interpretation of Roman society and Roman colonization, which for more than two centuries remained the leading account of Roman history, has been of immense (but long disregarded) significance for the modern understanding of Roman colonial practices and of the legal organization and implications of empire. Bringing together experts on Roman history, the history of classical scholarship, and the history of international law, this book analyses the context, making, and impact of Sigonio’s reconstruction of the Roman colonial model. It shows how his legal interpretation of Roman colonization originated and how it informed the development of legal colonial discourse, from visions of imperial reform and colonial independence in the nascent United States of America, to Enlightenment accounts of property distribution, culminating in a specific juridical strand in twentieth-century Roman historiography. Through a detailed analysis of scholarly and political visions of Roman colonization from the Renaissance until today, this book shows the enduring relevance of legal interpretations of the Roman colonial model for modern experiences of empire.
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Da Costa, Dia. A Hunger Called Theater. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040603.003.0007.
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Budhan Theater’s community-based politics and performance seems perfectly aligned with creative economy discourses, given the optimism with which the indigenous Chhara community embraces the possibility of transcending stigmatized histories of criminality through creative practices and livelihood opportunities. Yet, this chapter complicates this optimism by highlighting the complex affective structures—betrayal, sentimental optimism, cruel pessimism, and ordinary regard—that coconstitute Chhara history of criminality and activist performance. Combining transnational feminism, queer and affect theory, it challenges Lauren Berlant’s cruel optimism and argues that cruel pessimism better describes the affective structure of those compelled to pursue the (bad) good life even while living with colonial capitalism’s ongoing betrayals. Like the Chhara, such putative citizens are compelled to embrace citizenship through their pessimistic critique of its resounding failures.
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Stievermann, Jan. Biblical Interpretation in Eighteenth-Century America. Edited by Paul C. Gutjahr. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258849.013.27.
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Although the Bible in many ways continued to reign supreme in American culture through the American Revolution, there were changes at work that rendered its status and meaning much more equivocal by the end of the eighteenth century. New intellectual challenges arose to the authority of scripture, and its reach over the increasingly differentiated spheres of society diminished. Also, biblical interpretation (and the right to engage therein) became deeply contested as colonial religion was transformed by the Enlightenment and the evangelical revivals. Moreover, its entanglement with the discourses of British imperialism and later Whig republicanism had ambiguous effects on the traditional biblicism.
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Da Costa, Dia. Ordinary Violence and Creative Economy. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040603.003.0003.
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In this chapter, the global creative economy discursive regime is shown to be a spatially-differentiated and power-laden practice. Analyzing the ways in which heritage, creative economy and urban development have become inseparable concerns in India, Delhi and Ahmedabad, it shows that creative economy discourse relies upon and reinforces entrenched colonial capitalist structures of production and rule. Locating the emergence of hope and optimism, the chapter argues that creative economy practices replace, rebrand, and profit from rebranding older modes of governance and their ordinary violence located in class, caste, gender and religious relations. In so doing, creative economy practices aestheticize the profound and normal contradictions of contemporary capitalist development and democracy in India.
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Schöneberg, Julia, and Aram Ziai, eds. Dekolonisierung der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und Postdevelopment Alternativen. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845297354.
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Postcolonial critique reveals the Eurocentrism of discourses and practices surrounding ‘development’. This volume opens up perspectives on combating global inequality beyond a Eurocentric world view. The authors analyse the colonial continuities of current development cooperation, explore decolonial strategies in research and practice, and outline alternatives in terms of post-development. Julia Schöneberg is a research assistant at the University of Kassel on the DFG project ‘Theorizing Post-Development. Towards a reinvention of development theory’. Aram Ziai is head of the Department of Development Policy and Postcolonial Studies at the University of Kassel. With contributions by Frauke Banse, Anne-Katharina Wittmann, Albert Denk, Esther Kronsbein, Christine Klapeer, Julia Plessing, Meike Strehl, Julia Schöneberg, Gabriela Monteiro und Ruth Steuerwald, Fiona Faye, Jacqueline Krause and Joshua KwesiAikins.
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Cromwell, Jesse. The Smugglers' World. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469636887.001.0001.
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The Smugglers’ World: Illicit Trade and Atlantic Communities in Eighteenth-Century Venezuela reinterprets the meaning of illicit commerce in the early modern Atlantic. More than simply a transactional relationship or a political economy concern of empires, smuggling became a societal ethos for the communities in which it was practiced. For most of the colonial period, subjects of the commercially neglected province of Venezuela depended on contrabandists from the Dutch, English, and French Caribbean. These illegal yet scarcely patrolled rendezvous came under scrutiny in the eighteenth century as Bourbon reformers sought to regain control and boost productivity in the province. Subsequent crackdowns on smuggling sparked colonial tensions. Illicit trade created interimperial connections and parallel communities based around provisioning as a moral necessity. It threw the legal status of people of color aboard ships into chaos. Smuggling’s participants normalized subversions of imperial law and proffered mutually agreed-upon limits of acceptable extralegal activity. Venezuelan subjects defended their commercial autonomy through passive measures and occasionally through violent political protests. This commercial discourse between the state and its subjects was a key part of empire making and maintenance in the early modern world.
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Marín, Yarí Pérez. Marvels of Medicine. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789622508.001.0001.
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Marvels of Medicine makes a compelling case for including sixteenth century medical and surgical writing in the critical frameworks we now use to think about a genealogy of cultural expression in Latin America. Focusing on a small group of practitioners who differed in their levels of training, but who shared the common experience of having left Spain to join colonial societies in the making, this book analyses the paths their texts charted to attitudes and political positions that would come to characterize a criollo mode of enunciation. Unlike the accounts of first explorers, which sought to amaze audiences back in Europe with descriptions of strange and astonishing lands, these texts instead engaged the marvellous in an effort to supersede it, stressing the value of sensorial experience and of verifying information through repetition and demonstration. Vernacular medical writing became an unlikely early platform for a new form of regionally anchored discourse that demanded participation in a global intellectual conversation yet found itself increasingly relegated to the margins. In responding to that challenge, anatomical treatises, natural histories and surgical manuals exceeded the bounds set by earlier templates becoming rich, hybrid narratives that were as concerned with science as with portraying the lives and sensibilities of women and men in early colonial Mexico.
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McKee, Kimberly D. Disrupting Kinship. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042287.001.0001.
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Interacting with Cold War ideology, individuals’ Christian Americanism supported the notion that Korean adoptees would enter “good homes” in a democratic society. Many children felt the brunt of this rhetoric as they were told adoption was in their “best interests” and that if not adoption, they would have fallen through the cracks of economic poverty and degradation in the land of their birth. In doing so, rhetorics of gratitude became cemented in international adoption discourse. This book exposes the growth of the transnational adoption industrial complex (TAIC)—the neo-colonial, multi-million dollar global industry that commodifies children’s bodies—in an examination of South Korean adoptions to the United States. The TAIC accounts for how the South Korean social welfare state, orphanages, adoption agencies, and American immigration legislation facilitated the development of transnational adoption between the two countries. Adoption became a rote process whereby government and non-governmental organizations and actors easily facilitated the exchange of children. Yet, the activism of adoptees and their allies expose the inherent messiness of adoption and reveal that adoption cannot be discussed in black and white terms. Using archival research, media texts, and oral histories, this monograph elucidates greater understanding concerning how the TAIC impacts the lived experiences of adoptees and their families. Notions of adoptees as perpetual children are disabused as I examine adoptees’ efforts to reshape adoption discourse to recognize the inherent rights of birth parents and adoptees. In adulthood, adoptees construct a new type of public personhood, one defined by their autonomy and agency. Cold War, Christian Americanism, Korean adoption, adoption, South Korea, gratitude, industrial complex, orphans, immigration, family, kinship
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Moodie, Deonnie. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190885267.003.0006.
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Modernizers work to refine the behavior and decorum of Hindus and to cleanse the goddess Kālī for bourgeois global consumption. They work together with state bodies to make Hindu temples part of the modern urban skyline and to facilitate transportation between them, creating pilgrimage circuits in their cities. Even as they are contested, such efforts are sure to affect some changes in the ways that Hinduism is practiced and in the ways India’s urban landscapes are experienced. When temples change, so does Hinduism, and so do Indian cities. In order to understand the role that Hinduism plays in modern Indian society—and the kinds of major temple-building and -renovating projects that are so ubiquitous throughout India today, from Kolkata to Chennai, Delhi, and Bangalore—scholarly attention must be trained more closely to the intertwined discourses of temples and modernity as they have developed in India from the colonial period to the present.
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Covey, Alan, and Sonia Alconini. Conclusions. Edited by Sonia Alconini and Alan Covey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219352.013.57.
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This chapter is an editorial conclusion to Part 6, building on ideas that appeared in chapters on Inca aesthetics and the production of art and craft goods. The concluding chapter draws attention to the ways that Inca media and technology diverged from European value systems, and the ways that those differences led to biased interpretations of Andean cultural achievements. Questions of Inca civilization were central to the discourse of Spanish imperial expansion in the Andes, influencing written accounts intended to denigrate or defend the Inca legacy. Spanish writers did not appreciate the value of Inca craft production, nor did they fully comprehend the ways that Inca people preserved and deployed historical knowledge, technology, and cosmology. Modern scholars continue to wrestle with the expectations of colonial authors as they seek a more complete reconstruction of a distinctively Inca approach to the arts and sciences.
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Argenti, Nicolas, and Deborah Durham. Youth. Edited by John Parker and Richard Reid. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199572472.013.0021.
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Youth was originally theorized by ethnographers of colonial Africa in functionalist terms that saw each age grade as an integral part of a social system that reproduced itself intact with every new generation. Theories developed in the 1960s began to account for social strife and tensions between youth and elders in hierarchical, gerontocratic social systems, but still saw initiation and other rites as resolving tensions and restoring the status quo. With the advent of the Marxist turn in the 1970s and renewed interest in youth and politics from the 1990s, ethnographies of youth in Africa have made two important new interventions: they have theorized youth not as a biological given, but as a social construct or discourse uncoupled from age, and they have highlighted not the integration of youth in society, but the tensions and instabilities at the heart of the power relations that social constructs of youth denote.
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Silva, Daniel F. Anti-Empire: Decolonial Interventions in Lusophone Literatures. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941008.001.0001.
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Anti-Empire explores how different writers across Lusophone spaces engage with imperial and colonial power at its various levels of domination, while imagining alternatives to dominant discourses pertaining to race, ethnicity, culture, gender, sexuality, and class. Guided by a theoretically eclectic approach ranging from Psychoanalysis, Deconstruction, Postcolonial Theory, Queer Theory, and Critical Race Studies, Empire is explored as a spectrum of contemporary global power inaugurated by European expansion and propagated in the postcolonial present through economic, cultural, and political forces. Through the texts analysed, Anti-Empire offers in-depth interrogations of contemporary power in terms of racial politics, gender performance, socio-economic divisions, political structures, and the intersections of these facets of domination and hegemony. By way of grappling with Empire’s discursive field and charting new modes of producing meaning in opposition to that of Empire, the texts read from Brazil, the Cape Verde Islands, East Timor, Portugal, and São Tomé and Príncipe open new inquiries for Postcolonial and Decolonial Studies while contributing theoretical debates to the study of Lusophone cultures.
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Gillespie, Caitlin C. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190609078.003.0001.
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The introduction outlines the aims of the book and justifies the thematic approach. It discusses the complications in establishing the details of Boudica’s life and revolt due to the lack of contemporary literary accounts, and the need to juxtapose written narratives against material evidence of late Iron Age and early Roman Britain in order to gain a more comprehensive picture. This study analyzes literary and material evidence alongside comparative figures of female leadership and rebellion, from the seer Veleda to Cartimandua, queen of the Brigantes. The interpretation of Tacitus’s and Cassius Dio’s narratives of the rebellion takes into account authorial bias, the overarching goals of each author’s works, and the relationship between Rome and Britain during their lifetimes. An overview of scholarship on Boudica and the history of Roman Britain reveals complexities in the discourse surrounding this topic, from the outmoded idea of “Romanization” to the colonial connotations of “tribe.”
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Haroon, Sana. Competing Views of Pashtun Tribalism, Islam, and Society in the Indo-Afghan Borderlands. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294134.003.0008.
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This chapter explores descriptions of Pashtun tribes and their religious predisposition in 20th century Urdu literature associated with strategic mobilization of the Pashtun regions, and highlights the inconsistency of this discourse with other twentieth-century nationalist projects in colonial India and Afghanistan. In the first instance, the 1914-36 writings of a group called the Jama‘at-i Mujahidin were at variance with the Pashtun and Muslim nationalist positions of the Khuda’i Khidmatgars and the Jamʻiyyat al-‘Ulama-yi Hind, and with the officially sanctioned geographies of the Afghan state. In the second instance, writings published in Pakistan during the period of the anti-Soviet Afghan jihad contradicted USAID- and Kabul-funded demographic and cartographic studies of the 1970s. Such descriptions of Pashtun religious predisposition, tribal valor, resistance and autonomy must be understood as intentional and disruptive interventions in knowledge production about, and political organization in, the Pashtun regions.
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Farriss, Nancy. Tongues of Fire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190884109.001.0001.
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Language and translation governed the creation of Mexican Christianity during the first centuries of colonial rule. Spanish missionaries collaborated with indigenous intellectuals to communicate the gospel in dozens of local languages that had previously lacked grammars, dictionaries, or alphabetic script. The major challenge to translators, more serious than the absence of written aids or the great diversity of languages and their phonetic and syntactical complexity, was the vast cultural difference between the two worlds. The lexical gaps that frustrated the search for equivalence in conveying fundamental Christian doctrines derived from cultural gaps that separated European experiences and concepts from those of the Indians. This study focuses on the Otomangue languages of Oaxaca in southern Mexico, especially Zapotec, and relates their role in the Dominican evangelizing program to the larger frame of culture contact in postconquest Mesoamerica. Fine-grained analysis of translated texts is used to reveal the rhetorical strategies of missionary discourse and combines with an examination of language contact in different social contexts. A major aim is to spotlight the role of the native elites in shaping what emerged as a new form of Christianity. As translators, chief catechists, and parish administrators they made evangelization in many respects an indigenous enterprise and the Mexican church it created an indigenous church.
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Conway, Stephen. Networks. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808701.003.0005.
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This chapter turns to the role of private actors in facilitating the various forms of European engagement with the British Empire. Long-distance and transnational networks undoubtedly played a key role, sometimes underpinning types of continental European involvement of which ministers and officials in London, and state servants in imperial sites, disapproved, and wished to discourage or even stop. But private actors did not always work to undermine the efforts of British governments to preserve an exclusionary empire. Their independent activities could dovetail neatly with official policy. Landowners and employers in the colonies wanted to promote settlement to secure more tenants and more labour. British governments wanted to see the North American colonies settled so that their economic potential could be realized and their security improved. On some occasions, private actors even worked directly with state officials to facilitate foreign participation in the empire through contractual arrangements to secure settlers or soldiers.