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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Colonial state

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Academic literature on the topic 'Colonial state'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Colonial state"

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Slobodkin, Yan. "State of Violence." French Historical Studies 41, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-4254607.

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AbstractThis article highlights a moment in the history of French West Africa when violence was both ubiquitous and forbidden. During the interwar period, French reformers pushed for the elimination of the routine use of violence by colonial administrators. The intervention of activist journalists and human rights groups put pressure on colonial policy makers to finally bring administrative practice in line with imperial rhetoric. Local administrators, however, felt that such meddling interfered with their ability to govern effectively. A case of torture and murder by French functionaries in the Ivory Coast village of Oguiédoumé shows how struggles over antiviolence reform played out from the ground up.Cet article souligne un moment dans l'histoire de l'Afrique-Occidentale Française où la violence a été à la fois omniprésente et interdite. Pendant l'entre-deux-guerres, des réformistes français ont lutté pour éliminer la violence quotidienne commise par les administrateurs coloniaux. L'intervention des journalistes militants et des organisations des droits de l'homme a poussé l'Etat colonial à réaliser les promesses de la mission civilisatrice. Par contre, les administrateurs locaux sentaient que ce discours contre la violence limitait leur capacité de gouverner avec efficacité. Une affaire de torture et de meurtre commis en 1933 par des fonctionnaires français dans le village d'Oguiédoumé en Côte-d'Ivoire montre comment la lutte contre la violence a influencé la situation coloniale sur place.

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Martin, Jason. "Colonial State Papers." Charleston Advisor 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.12.4.24.

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Lange, Matthew. "Embedding the Colonial State." Social Science History 27, no. 3 (2003): 397–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001258x.

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This article explains Mauritius’s exceptional state building and development during late colonialism as the product of a conjuncture of two separately determined historical processes. The first causal chain involves the creation of a bureaucratic state, which was built over two centuries of French and British colonial rule. The second main causal path concerns the development of a society with dense associational ties. This process was set into motion by land distribution that occurred in the late nineteenth century and resulted in the emergence of several villages of small landholders. The essay argues that a prolonged period of labor riots beginning in the late 1930s and the more interventionist policy of the British government after World War II combined to initiate a “critical-juncture period” that increased relations between state and societal actors. This increased embeddedness made possible state-society synergy, which promoted broad-based development by engaging and strengthening both state institutions and societal associations, thereby endowing Mauritius with the institutions necessary for broad-based development after colonial independence as well.

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Butler, Larry J. "Industrialisation in Late Colonial Africa: A British Perspective." Itinerario 23, no. 3-4 (November 1999): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530002461x.

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Among the most entrenched criticisms of the record of European colonial rule in Africa is that it discouraged, or actively obstructed, the emergence of diversified colonial and post-colonial economies. Specifically, it is normally argued, the colonial state failed to create the climate in which industrialisation might have been possible. The two basic explanations advanced for this policy of neglect were a desire to ensure that the colonies continued to provide the metropolitan economies with a steady supply of desirable commodities, and a concern to protect the market share of metropolitan exporters. Critics of the colonial legacy, across the ideological spectrum, have often assumed that ‘development’ was a condition which could only be achieved through the process of industrialisation, and that specialisation in commodity production for export could not have been in the colonies' long-term interests. Moreover, in the late colonial period, industrialisation had come to be seen by many as a measure of a state's effective autonomy and economic ‘maturity’, as witnessed by the sustained attempts by many former African colonies to promote their own industrial sectors, often with substantial state involvement or assistance. While it cannot dispute the obvious fact that in most of late colonial Africa, industrialisation was negligible, this paper will offer a refinement of conventional assumptions about the colonial state's attitudes towards this controversial topic. Drawing on examples from British Africa, particularly that pioneer of decolonisation, West Africa, and focusing on the unusually fertile period in colonial policy formation from the late 1930s until the early 1950s, it will suggest that the British colonial state attempted, for the first time, to evolve a coherent and progressive policy on encouraging colonial industrial development.

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OSBORN, EMILY LYNN. "‘CIRCLE OF IRON’: AFRICAN COLONIAL EMPLOYEES AND THE INTERPRETATION OF COLONIAL RULE IN FRENCH WEST AFRICA." Journal of African History 44, no. 1 (March 2003): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853702008307.

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This article investigates the role of African colonial employees in the functioning of the colonial state in French West Africa. Case studies from the 1890s and early 1900s demonstrate that in the transition from conquest to occupation, low-level African colonial intermediaries continually shaped the localized meanings that colonialism acquired in practice. Well-placed African colonial intermediaries in the colonies of Guinée Française and Soudan Français often controlled the dissemination of information and knowledge in the interactions of French colonial officials with local elites and members of the general population. The contributions of these African employees to the daily operations of the French colonial state show that scholars have long overlooked a cadre of men who played a significant role in shaping colonial rule.

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Seda, Abraham. "Fighting in the Shadow of an Apartheid State: Boxing and Colonialism in Zimbabwe." Kronos 48, no. 1 (September 5, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9585/2022/v48a3.

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Boxing was arguably the most popular and controversial sport in colonial Zimbabwe. To tame the sport's violence, which was considered too extreme, colonial officials in Zimbabwe sought guidance and advice from South Africa from the mid-1930s on how best to regulate the sport. South Africa occupied a unique position in this regard, not only because of the relationship it had with colonial Zimbabwe as a neighbouring white settler colony, but also because of how sections of its white settler community responded to the triumphs of Black boxers over white opponents around the world. The colony of South Africa played a significant role in shaping the control of boxing in colonial Zimbabwe. The relationship between the two colonies culminated in the passage of the Boxing and Wrestling Control Act of 1956 in colonial Zimbabwe, an identical version to a similarly named law that South Africa had passed just two years prior.

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Turner, Matthew D. "Livestock mobility and the territorial state: South-Western Niger (1890–1920)." Africa 87, no. 3 (July 21, 2017): 578–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972017000134.

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AbstractColonial rule in West Africa initiated the incorporation of mobile people, particularly pastoralists, into Western territorial states. This article reports on the early period of French colonial rule of the area that is now South-Western Niger – a strategically important area with respect to territorial competition among the French colonies of Dahomey and Soudan (later the colonies of Senegambia and Niger) as well as the British colony of Nigeria. Building from the study of contemporary patterns of livestock mobility and their logics, archival and secondary literatures are used to develop an understanding of dominant herd mobility patterns at the time (transhumance for grazing and trekking to distant markets); the importance of livestock as a source of tax revenue; colonial anxieties about the loss of livestock from within their borders; and efforts of colonial administrators to reduce the potential loss of livestock from their territories. This case illustrates the limitations of the territorial state model where the state lacks sufficient power over mobile subjects utilizing a sparse and fluctuating resource base. The actions of French administrators and Fulɓe pastoralists worked as a form of ‘hands-off’ negotiation, with each group monitoring and reacting to the actions of the other. Due to the limitations of colonial state control, the existence of boundaries elicited greater monitoring of livestock movements by colonial administrators but also increased the leverage held by mobile pastoralists as the French sought to increase the attractiveness of their territory to the principal managers of its wealth (livestock). The proximity of borders to the study area complicated the task of French colonial administrators, who necessarily became increasingly focused on monitoring the movements of their subjects (labour and capital) to avoid their possible escape as they moved within the borderlands of what is now South-Western Niger. The limits of colonial power to monitor and control these movements led administrators to initiate policies favouring pastoralists.

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Taddia, Irma. "Modern Ethiopia and Colonial Eritrea." Aethiopica 5 (May 8, 2013): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.5.1.450.

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The article develops some reflections on present-day Eritrea in the light of the colonial past and in the context of modern Ethiopia. If we consider Eritrea and its path towards independence, some differences and analogies emerge in comparison with other African colonies. The Eritrean independence is taking place today in a very specific context in post-colonial Africa. It is not a simple case of delayed decolonization, postponed by 30 years with respect to other former African colonies. The history of Eritrea must be studied within the colonial context: colonialism created a national identity, but Eritrea is a colony that did not become an independent state. This phenomenon can be attributed to various causes which I will try to underline. The process of state formation in Eritrea raises some problems for historians. The construction of a new political legitimacy is strictly connected to the birth of a national historiography in the country. I would like to examine in a critical way the process of writing history in contemporary Eritrea. Reconstructing the history of the past goes beyond the reconstruction of the history of the Eritrean state today. We have to consider the entire area – the Horn of Africa – in the pre-colonial period. The paper discusses the interrelation between the creation of the state and the national historiography.

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Darwin, John. "What Was the Late Colonial State?" Itinerario 23, no. 3-4 (November 1999): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300024578.

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The historiography of the late colonial era has had a love-hate relationship with the colonial state. In the early years of post-colonial independence, much history was written to record and celebrate the achievements of ‘nation-building’. The founding fathers of independence had defeated the colonial state in their struggle against its oppressions. The old state, now under new management, but with the same boundaries, language and (usually) administrative structure, had become a nation, with an undisputed claim to the loyalty of its former colonial subjects. The task of the historian was to show how a national identity had emerged ineluctably from the bundle of districts cellotaped together by colonialism into a dependency, and how it had been mobilised to throw off colonial rule and create a sovereign nation. Subsequently, as this version of the recent colonial past was undermined by the difficulties and divisions of the independent present, and, in some cases, by disillusionment with its ruling elite, the focus shifted towards the sources of popular resistance in the colonial period. In this ‘subaltern’ history, the emphasis was upon uncovering rural struggles, local solidarities, and ‘hidden’ communities of belief that colonial rulers had ignored, or suppressed but which had played a key part in destroying the legitimacy and exercise of their power. The implication here was that the colonial state was an alien coercive force whose continuation into the post-colonial era (even with a change of crew) had frustrated social justice and the achievement of an authentic post-colonial identity.

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Kohl, Christoph. "The Colonial State and Carnival." Social Analysis 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 126–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sa.2018.620206.

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Carnival performances and their political implications underwent significant transformations in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. By focusing on two periods of colonization, this article examines carnival as an event that involves a multitude of meanings and forms of imitation that could imply resistance to colonialism, but were by no means limited to critique and upheaval. Colonizers, colonized, and the people mediating and situated between these overarching categories could ascribe various meanings to specific performances, thereby underlining the multi-dimensional character of carnivalesque rituals and their heterogeneous significations. In these performances, mimicking the colonizers was an active, creative, and ambiguous undertaking that repeatedly and increasingly challenged colonial representation. However, the colonial state proved to be far less controlling and totalizing than is often assumed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colonial state"

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Da, Silva Bernadette A. (Bernadette Ann). "The post-colonial state : Uganda 1962-1971." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66068.

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Allen, Daniel R. "Compliance and state-building U.S.-imposed institutions in the Philippine colonial state /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/d_allen_103108.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, December 2008.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 31, 2008). "Department of Political Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-170).

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Finkle, Clea T. "State, power, and police in colonial North India /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10697.

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Griffore, Anne. "Beyond Diamonds: Embedding the Post-Colonial State in Botswana." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28660.

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This study examines Botswana's resource based development course within the framework of developmental state theory. Botswana's path to growth and development challenges existing theories in development studies in that it has avoided the many facets of the natural resource curse, which has set the majority of Africa's resource abundant economies on a path of long-term economic underperformance and low levels of social development. What is most remarkable however, is that growth and development have advanced in Botswana with inclusion of its tribal associations into a modern state bureaucracy while maintaining stable state-society relations - a feat that has been largely unmatched by other countries in the in the developing world. This study will argue in line with the developmental state ethos, that growth and development have occurred in this Botswana as the result of the deliberate actions taken by the government to embed a post-colonial state in Batswana society in ways that have enabled the central government to engage in economic and social development projects and to construct the institutions necessary to realize its development aspirations. This has not only been apparent in the undertakings of the administration to attract and collaborate with international capital, but also in its efforts to mediate between various interest groups and create the institutional framework necessary to enable positive-sum state-society relations under democratic principles.

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Matsuzaki, Reo. "Institutions by imposition : colonial lessons for contemporary state-building." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68932.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 353-375).
What explains variation in institution-building under foreign occupations? Why do some state-building missions produce effective and durable state institutions, while others leave a legacy of weak or dysfunctional ones? I explored these questions through a comparative study of the Japanese colonization of Taiwan (1895-1945) and the American colonization of the Philippines (1898-1941), which produced contrasting institutional legacies despite the presence of similar initial conditions. While a strong bureaucratic Taiwanese state arose in the aftermath of Japanese colonization, the legacy of the American occupation of the Philippines was a weak postcolonial state penetrated by parochial interests. I explain variation in institution-building outcomes through two causal variables: (i) the degree of discretionary power afforded to the occupational administration by the home government; and (ii) the ability of native elites to effectively resist the institution-building effort. Discretionary power allows reform agents to abandon any pre-formulated (and likely ill-conceived) plans, and instead flexibly integrate native laws, norms, and customs with their new institutional designs. Additionally, and contrary to conventional wisdom, more effective institutions emerge when native elites possess the willingness and capacity to resist (even violently) the institution-building effort of foreign agents. The reformist state-building agenda of occupiers is likely to be in direct opposition to the distributional interests of native elites, who seek to maintain their advantageous position within the existing order. It is, therefore, only under the threat of effective resistance that foreign agents will accommodate the interests of native elites to forge institutions with local ownership. The main empirical chapters of the dissertation draw on more than two years of original archival research in fourteen libraries and depositories across Japan, Taiwan, and the United States. In both cases, my analysis focused on the similarities and differences in the process through which education and police institutions were developed over time; these two areas were chosen due their importance for a country's political stability and socioeconomic development. The applicability of conclusions drawn from the historical cases to contemporary state-building missions was assessed through an examination of recent U.S. efforts at building a police institution in Afghanistan.
by Reo Matsuzaki.
Ph.D.

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Kamtekar, Indivar. "The end of the colonial state in India, 1942-1947." Online version, 1988. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/24086.

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Berger, Rachel. "Ayurveda, state and society in colonial North India, 1895-1947." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252066.

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In this thesis I examine the historical development of the composite of theories and practices which became modern Ayurveda, a South Asian medical system. I draw a distinction between the systems of knowledge production about the body and the institutionalisation of medical practice. This allows me to examine how both processes contributed to the development of South Asian national identity in the early twentieth century. I do this through an examination of governmental (at both the central and provincial level) negotiations of Ayurveda contrasted with popular understandings, in order to examine the meaning of Ayurveda as a knowledge system and as lived practice in the late colonial period. Chapter 1 traces the evolution of Ayurveda from its inception as an idea in the Atharvaveda to the end of the Mughal period, framing its importance as a textual tradition overseen by Brahman Pandits, but also as a lived medical practice associated with complicated ties to religious, ethnic, or community identity. In Chapter 2, I investigate the history of Ayurveda from 1780 until the end of the nineteenth century, focusing on its relationship to the colonial state. Chapter 3 explores a shift in attitude on the part of the Imperial Government beginning in 18995, when the Indigenous Drugs Committee was created in order to explore the potential contribution of Ayurvedic ‘knowledge’ to the development of an Indian-based pharmacological industry, juxtaposed with the imposition of medical regulatory acts that limited the practice of the indigenous medical systems in the Provinces of British India. Chapter 4 explores the development of a discourse about medicine in Hindi-language popular publishing. Chapter 5 traces the development of a legislative framework established to incorporate the adoption of the indigenous medical services through several significant political periods. Chapter 6 explores the functioning of some of the institutions developed, and reflects upon the social and cultural concerns that framed the unfolding of institutions.

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Kamtekar, Indivar. "The end of the colonial state in India, 1942-1947." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250937.

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Harper, T. N. "The colonial inheritance : state and society in Malaya, 1945-1957." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305532.

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Kidambi, Prashant. "State, society and labour in colonial Bombay, c.1893-1918." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395224.

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Books on the topic "Colonial state"

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Saha, Jonathan. Law, Disorder and the Colonial State. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137306999.

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Women and post-colonial Indian state. New Delhi: Ruby Press & Co., 2014.

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John, Overton. Colonial green revolution?: Food, irrigation and the state in colonial Malaya. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CAB International, 1994.

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The state and the social: State formation in Botswana and its pre-colonial and colonial genealogies. New York: Berghahn Books, 2012.

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Mozaffar, Shaheen. A research strategy for analyzing the colonial state in Africa. Boston, MA: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1987.

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List & Index Society, ed. Calendars of State Papers Colonial, supplementary and key to colonial record references. Kew, Surrey: List and Index Society, 2011.

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Young, Crawford. The African colonial state in comparative perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.

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Institute of Northeast India Studies (Kolkata, India), ed. State and economy in pre-colonial Manipur. New Delhi: Akansha Pub. House, 2010.

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Young, Crawford. The African colonial state in comparative perspective. New Haven; London: Yale university press, 1994.

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State and society in pre-colonial Asante. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Colonial state"

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Heesterman, J. C. "State and Adat." In Two Colonial Empires, 189–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4366-7_9.

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Bryceson, Deborah Fahy. "The British Colonial State." In Food Insecurity and the Social Division of Labour in Tanzania, 1919–85, 65–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230373754_7.

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Khan, Mariama. "Encountering the colonial state." In Politics in The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau, 72–96. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003140009-3.

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Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates. "Deepening the Colonial State." In The Logistics and Politics of the British Campaigns in the Middle East, 1914–22, 81–107. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230297609_5.

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Munro-Kua, Anne. "The Post-Colonial State." In Authoritarian Populism in Malaysia, 26–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230379916_3.

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Steinmetz, George. "Explaining the Colonial State and Colonial Sociology." In Theories of Race and Racism, 539–61. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003276630-40.

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Saha, Jonathan. "The Male State." In Law, Disorder and the Colonial State, 97–125. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137306999_5.

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Chaya, Dheeraj Paramesha. "From the Kautilyan State to the Colonial State." In India's Intelligence Culture and Strategic Surprises, 64–87. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003296195-6.

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Miller, Jamie. "Voortrekker or State Builder? John Vorster and the Challenges of Leadership in the Apartheid State." In Leadership in Colonial Africa, 115–37. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137478092_6.

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Abigail, L. Swingen. "Labor, Empire, and the State." In The World of Colonial America, 85–102. Names: Gallup-Diaz, Ignacio, 1963- editor.Title: The world of colonial America : an Atlantic handbook/edited by Ignacio Gallup-Diaz.Description: New York: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315767000-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Colonial state"

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Clark, Kenneth, Elisa Del Bono, and Antonio Luna Garcia. "The Geography of Power in South America: Divergent Patterns of Domination in Spanish and Porteguese Colonies." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.21.

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The authors of this paper explore the geography of power in South America as expressed by Spain and Portugal in their different patterns of development in colonial America. The paper outlines the political position of each country during the Age of Discovery, the political attitudes of each and the resultant urban morphologies and spatial organizations developed by each colonial power. A close examination of two South American colonial cities one Spanish, one Portuguese-reveals that the Spanish urban pattern promoted a hierarchy of interconnected cities of gridded layout, with key state and religious functions strategically located in relationship to the plaza. Portugal, in contrast, created a series of isolated commercial-military towns, of informal morphology with key state and religious functions distributed according to topography. Two case studies of Spanish and Portuguese colonial cities clearly illustrate the divergent policies and patterns of spatial control of these two important colonizing powers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

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Portenga, Eric W., Paul R. Bierman, Charles D. Trodick, Benjamin DeJong, Dylan H. Rood, and Milan J. Pavich. "THE CURRENT STATE OF POST-COLONIAL LANDSCAPE DISTURBANCE TO THE POTOMAC RIVER AND CHESAPEAKE BAY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-332323.

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Estrina, Tatiana, Shengnan Gao, Vivian Kinuthia, Sophie Twarog, Liane Werdina, and Gloria Zhou. "ANALYZING INDIGENEITY IN ACADEMIC AND ARCHITECTURAL FRAMEWORKS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end091.

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While the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada fosters agency for Indigenous Canadians, this mandate like others, attempts to Indigenize an existing colonial system. The acknowledgement of the Indigenous experience within academic institutions must begin with a deconstruction of educational frameworks that are enforced by pre-existing neo-colonial policies and agendas. The colonial worldview on institutional frameworks is rooted in systemic understandings of property, ownership and hierarchy that are supported by patriarchal policies. These pedagogies do not reflect Indigenous beliefs or teachings, resulting in an assimilation or dissociation of Indigenous members into Western-centric educational systems. Addressing this disconnect through Indigenizing existing institutional frameworks within state control favours a system that re-affirms settler-societies. The tokenization and lack of Indigenous participation in the decision-making process reinforces misinformed action towards reconciliation. decentralized. The case studies explored emphasize the rediscovery of an authentic culture-specific vernacular, facilitation of customs through programme, and the fundamental differences between Indigenous and colonial worldviews. The critical analysis of these emerging academic typologies may continue to inform future architectural projects while fostering greater responsibility for architects and positions of authority to return sovereignty to Indigenous communities and incorporate design approaches that embody Indigenous values. This paper will propose the decolonization of academic frameworks to reconstruct postcolonial methodologies of educational architecture that serve Indigenous knowledge and agency.

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Simmons, Steven, and Roger Watson. "A System-Wide Pipeline Automation Project: Application Colonial Pipeline System." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27026.

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This paper will discuss the objectives, challenges, and methods of implementing a system-wide pipeline automation project at Colonial Pipeline, focusing on the pilot project and early years. Currently the company is in the midst of a five-year project to automate and remotely operate delivery facilities, tank farms, and origination stations along over 5000 miles of existing pipeline. The end result will bring control of over 200 facilities into to the Central Control Center. Technically, the project goal is to install state of the art infrastructure to enhance safety and reliability, standardize to a common platform across the system, and integrate into an existing SCADA Control System. From the business perspective, the project goal is to meet or exceed typical industry guidelines for project management metrics, reach a unitized cost basis and provide a foundation for consistent and repeatable operations across the entire pipeline system. The Common Project Process (a cross-functional integrated project team strategy) and an engineering alliance are being used to define and execute the project phases. Colonial’s Engineering team recast itself in 1999 on the basis of establishing core competencies, leveraging internal talent and knowledge, and establishing an effective outsourcing strategy. This automation project is one of the first large-scale efforts to put this new model to task. In 2000, Colonial Pipeline and Mangan, Inc. formed an engineering alliance to capitalize on the strengths of both teams. Colonial’s pipeline engineering and operations knowledge have been equitably matched with Mangan’s project management, engineering and integration skills. The result is an energetic and committed technical project team, as well as a win-win opportunity for both sides. This alliance provides a valuable model for engineering team outsourcing and contracting. Except for original construction projects, it is rare for a pipeline company to take on a system-wide infrastructure upgrade opportunity of this scope. Success of the pilot project depended on integrating the field automation with SCADA system capabilities and developing both control center and human resources plans. The field hardware, the technical focus of this paper, is a small piece of the entire project objective; however it represents the foundation of the entire business model. Selecting and committing to a common controls platform was an engineering objective. The hardware had to provide a certain level of assurance that the standard model would be available both at the start and the end of the project, in addition to supporting legacy systems for future challenges. In summary, this automation project represents more than engineering and integration. It’s a combination of the talent, hardware, and vision which will accomplish the goal of the core business product — safe and efficient delivery of consumer fuels.

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Sabri, R., and O. Olagoke. "British Colonial Era‘s Religious Built Heritage in Yorubaland, Nigeria: Key Conservation Problematics and the State of Know-How." In 12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.041.

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Pesoa Marcilla, Melisa. "La plaza republicana como escenario de cambio social: la conformación del espacio cívico en las ciudades de nueva fundación del siglo XIX en la provincia de Buenos Aires." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5871.

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Tras la Independencia de Argentina, tiene lugar la ocupación del interior de la provincia de Buenos Aires mediante la fundación sistemática de poblaciones. Estas poblaciones tienen un elemento fundamental, la plaza central, que con una importante influencia de la tradición colonial, es sin embargo un claro exponente de la modernización urbana que se está llevando a cabo en el siglo XIX en el país. Este artículo pretende analizar la distribución, forma y estructura de estas plazas, sobre la base del análisis de casos, que permitirán observar el significado singular de este espacio, no sólo por su ubicación central en el trazado y su composición, sino fundamentalmente porque representan el proceso de modernización de una sociedad dirigido por el estado, frente al mundo colonial. Esto se manifiesta en la concentración de nuevas funciones alrededor de dicha plaza. After de Argentine Independence, the occupation of the Buenos Aires Province took place, with a strong strategy of settling new towns. In these new towns their central squares play a fundamental role. This space shows an evident relation with the Hispanic tradition, is however a clear example of the urban modernization that is happening in the 19th century in Argentina. This article attempts to analyse the distribution and form of these squares, with a series of case studies, that will lead us to see the singular meaning of these spaces, not only due to its urban central location and its composition, but fundamentally because they represent the modernisation process of the society driven by the state against the colonial tradition, with the institutions and functions that surround the central square.

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Aderogba, A. "Challenges of Autonomy on Effective Local Government in Nigeria." In 28th iSTEAMS Multidisciplinary Research Conference AIUWA The Gambia. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v28p18.

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The focus of this study is to examine the relationship between autonomy and effectiveness of local government in Nigeria. The administrative structure for local governance has always existed in one form or the other since colonial period. However, the poser is how autonomous are they as a unit of government and to what extent are they effective. This study relying on available secondary data, adduced that local governments have constitutional responsibilities, its autonomy is greatly eroded by other higher tier governments, and that lack of autonomy impedes its effectiveness. Way forward suggested include, constitutional reforms, limited role for both state and federal governments and financial autonomy for effectiveness. Keywords: Local government, Autonomy, Effectiveness, Efficient-service, Decentralization

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Aderogba, A. "Challenges of Autonomy on Effective Local Government in Nigeria." In 28th iSTEAMS Multidisciplinary Research Conference AIUWA The Gambia. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v28p18x.

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The focus of this study is to examine the relationship between autonomy and effectiveness of local government in Nigeria. The administrative structure for local governance has always existed in one form or the other since colonial period. However, the poser is how autonomous are they as a unit of government and to what extent are they effective. This study relying on available secondary data, adduced that local governments have constitutional responsibilities, its autonomy is greatly eroded by other higher tier governments, and that lack of autonomy impedes its effectiveness. Way forward suggested include, constitutional reforms, limited role for both state and federal governments and financial autonomy for effectiveness. Keywords: Local government, Autonomy, Effectiveness, Efficient-service, Decentralization

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Minguzzi, Magda, Yolanda Hernandez Navarro, and Lucy Vosloo. "Traditional dwellings and techniques of the First Indigenous Peoples of South Africa in the Eastern Cape." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15019.

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Vernacular indigenous dwellings of the Khoikhoi Peoples (First Indigenous Peoples of South Africa[1]) present in the Baviaans Kloof area in the Eastern Cape (South Africa) have been surveyed and are currently under study by the authors with the direct involvement of the community members. This research is of particular relevance because: it is conducted in a geographical area that is currently under-researched in respect to this particular theme; the dwellings are an exceptionally rare example of the use of Khoikhoi traditional techniques and materials; it was achieved with the direct engagement of the Indigenous community. The research collaboration applies a transdisciplinary approach and method – already in place with the NRF-CEP research by Dr Minguzzi – that employs a multi-layered methodology: practice-led research, community engagement/ community cultural development, influenced by narrative inquiry. In the age of globalization, it becomes necessary to study the origin and development of those buildings to understand their constructive process, the use of specific local materials as well as the consequences that the introduction of unsustainable colonial materials caused. This is an aspect that could be relevant for future reflection on how to preserve and promote the Indigenous cultural, social inclusion and sustainable built environment. The paper will define the state of the art and morphological, functional and technical analysis of contemporary Khoikhoi dwellings to identify the tangible and intangible cultural heritage and the influences of colonization on it. [1] The First Indigenous Peoples of South Africa are the San (hunter-gatherer) and Khoikhoi (herders). Two groups which, in precolonial times had overlapping subsistence patterns and use of the territory, and which, from the colonist arrival until the present, have been fighting for the recognition of their identity and heritage. In this regard see: Besten M. “We are the original inhabitant of this land: Khoe-San identity in post-apartheid South Africa”, in Adhaikari M. (2013), Burdened by Race: Coloured identities in southern Africa, UCT press, Cape Town.

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Hemmye, Jerome H., and Luz Antonio Aguilera. "Mechanical Engineering Program at the University of Guanajuato in Mexico." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42690.

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Gold and Silver mining was begun in Mexico within fifty years of the Spanish conquest. The Mining Engineering and the Chemical Engineering needed to extract those valuable metals from the ore have been taught in Mexico from those early colonial days. To meet the colony’s needs for roads and structures, Civil Engineering followed as an academic discipline. Textiles and much later petroleum extraction and refining followed as important industries and they too were included in several Mexican university programs. The gradual industrialization of what is now Mexico brought with it a critical need for engineering education on a broader scale than was traditionally available. Less than forty years ago there was no Mechanical Engineering program in the State of Guanajuato, Mexico. The immediate needs of a Federal Oil Refinery and a Fossil Fuel Power Plant led to the establishment of a modest program utilizing practicing engineers as faculty, on loan part time, from the refinery. The evolution of the program from its earliest days is traced to the present program which includes a doctoral program which is rated among the top three public programs in Mexico.

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Reports on the topic "Colonial state"

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Brock, Andrea, and Nathan Stephens-Griffin. Policing Environmental Injustice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/1968-2021.130.

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Environmental justice (EJ) activists have long worked with abolitionists in their communities, critiquing the ways policing, prisons, and pollution are entangled and racially constituted (Braz and Gilmore 2006). Yet, much EJ scholarship reflects a liberal Western focus on a more equal distribution of harms, rather than challenging the underlying systems of exploitation these harms rest upon (Álvarez and Coolsaet 2020). This article argues that policing facilitates environmentally unjust developments that are inherently harmful to nature and society. Policing helps enforce a social order rooted in the ‘securing’ of property, hierarchy, and human-nature exploitation. Examining the colonial continuities of policing, we argue that EJ must challenge the assumed necessity of policing, overcome the mythology of the state as ‘arbiter of justice’, and work to create social conditions in which policing is unnecessary. This will help open space to question other related harmful hegemonic principles. Policing drives environmental injustice, so EJ must embrace abolition.

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Haines, Michael. "Long Term Marriage Patterns in the United States from Colonial Times tothe Present". Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/h0080.

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Rockoff, Hugh. Prodigals and Projecture: An Economic History of Usury Laws in the United States from Colonial Times to 1900. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9742.

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Gupta, Abhishek, Galina Schwartz, Cedric Langbort, S. S. Sastry, and Tamer Basar. A Three-Stage Colonel Blotto Game with Applications to Cyber-Physical Security. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada604916.

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Moore, Mick. Glimpses of Fiscal States in Sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.022.

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There is a widespread perception that taxing in sub-Saharan Africa has been and remains fraught with problems or government failure. This is not generally true. For more than a century, colonial administrations and independent states have steadily developed the capacity to routinely collect more substantial revenues than one might expect in a low-income region. The two main historical dimensions of this collection capacity were (a) powerful, centralized bureaucracies focused on achieving revenue collection targets and (b) large, taxable international trade sectors. In recent decades, those centralized bureaucracies have to some extent been reformed such that in structure and procedure they resemble more closely tax administrations in OECD countries. More strikingly, nearly all states have adopted VAT and found it to be a very powerful revenue collection instrument. However, the tax share of GDP has been broadly constant for several decades, and it will be hard to increase it. It is difficult for African governments to effectively tax transnational corporations, especially in the mining and energy sectors, which are of growing importance. Tax administrations continue to approach richer Africans with a light touch, and to exaggerate the potential for taxing small-scale (‘informal’) enterprises. The revenue operations of sub-national governments are often opaque. Ordinary people often pay large sums in ‘informal taxes’ that are generally regressive in impact. And the standard direction of travel in the reform of tax policy and administration is not appropriate to those large areas, especially in the Sahel, that are afflicted by internal and cross-border armed conflicts.

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Grubb, Farley. Testing for the Economic Impact of the U.S. Constitution: Purchasing Power Parity across the Colonies versus across the States, 1748-1811. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13836.

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Lindow, Steven, Isaac Barash, and Shulamit Manulis. Relationship of Genes Conferring Epiphytic Fitness and Internal Multiplication in Plants in Erwinia herbicola. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573065.bard.

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Most bacterial plant pathogens colonize the surface of healthy plants as epiphytes before colonizing internally and initiating disease. The epiphytic phase of these pathogens is thus an important aspect of their epidemiology and a stage at which chemical and biological control is aimed. However, little is known of the genes and phenotypes that contribute to the ability of bacteria to grow on leaves and survive the variable physical environment in this habitat. In addition, while genes such as hrp awr and others which confer pathogenicity and in planta growth ability have been described, their contribution to other aspects of bacterial epidemiology such as epiphytic fitness have not been addressed. We hypothesized that bacterial genes conferring virulence or pathogenicity to plants also contribute to the epiphytic fitness of these bacteria and that many of these genes are preferentially located on plasmids. We addressed these hypotheses by independently identifying genes that contribute to epiphytic fitness, in planta growth, virulence and pathogenicity in the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia herbicola pv gypsophilae which causes gall formation on gypsophila. This species is highly epiphytically fit and has acquired a plasmid (pPATH) that contains numerous pathogenicity and virulence determinants, which we have found to also contribute to epiphytic fitness. We performed saturation transposon mutagenesis on pPATH as well as of the chromosome of E.h. gypsophilae, and identified mutants with reduced ability to grow in plants and/or cause disease symptoms, and through a novel competition assay, identified mutants less able to grow or survive on leaves. The number and identity of plasmid-borne hrp genes required for virulence was determined from an analysis of pPATH mutants, and the functional role of these genes in virulence was demonstrated. Likewise, other pPATH-encoded genes involved in IAA and cytokinin biosynthesis were characterized and their pattern of transcriptional activity was determined in planta. In both cases these genes involved in virulence were found to be induced in plant apoplasts. About half of avirulent mutants in pPATH were also epiphytically unfit whereas only about 10% of chromosomal mutants that were avirulent also had reduced epiphytic fitness. About 18% of random mutants in pPATH were avirulent in contrast to only 2.5% of random chromosomal mutants. Importantly, as many as 28% of pPATH mutants had lower epiphytic fitness while only about 10% of random chromosomal mutants had lower epiphytic fitness. These results support both of our original hypotheses, and indicate that genes important in a variety of interactions with plant have been enriched on mobile plasmids such as pPATH. The results also suggest that the ability of bacteria to colonize the surface of plants and to initiate infections in the interior of plants involves many of the same traits. These traits also appear to be under strong regulatory control, being expressed in response to the plant environment in many cases. It may be possible to alter the pattern of expression of such genes by altering the chemical environment of plants either by genetic means or by additional or chemical antagonists of the plant signals. The many novel bacterial genes identified in this study that are involved in plant interactions should be useful in further understanding of bacterial plant interactions.

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Shpigel, Muki, Allen Place, William Koven, Oded (Odi) Zmora, Sheenan Harpaz, and Mordechai Harel. Development of Sodium Alginate Encapsulation of Diatom Concentrates as a Nutrient Delivery System to Enhance Growth and Survival of Post-Larvae Abalone. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586480.bard.

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The major bottlenecks in rearing the highly priced gastropod abalone (Haliotis spp.) are the slow growth rate and the high mortality during the first 8 to 12 weeks following metamorphosis and settling. The most likely reason flor these problems is related to nutritional deficiencies in the diatom diet on which the post larvae (PL) feed almost exclusively in captivity. Higher survival and improved growth rate will reduce the considerable expense of hatchery-nursery resisdence time and thereflore the production costs. BARD supported our research for one year only and the support was given to us in order to prove that "(1) Abalone PL feed on encapsulated diatoms, and (2) heterotrophic diatoms can be mass produced." In the course of this year we have developed a novel nutrient delivery system specifically designed to enhance growth and survival of post-larval abalone. This approach is based on the sodium-alginate encapsulation of heterotrophically grown diatoms or diatom extracts, including appetite-stimulating factors. Diatom species that attract the PL and promote the highest growth and survival have been identified. These were also tested by incorporating them (either intact cells or as cell extracts) into a sodium-alginate matrix while comparing the growth to that achieved when using diatoms (singel sp. or as a mixture). A number of potential chemoattractants to act as appetite-stimulating factors for abalone PL have been tested. Preliminary results show that the incorporation of the amino acid methionine at a level of 10-3M to the sodim alginate matrix leads to a marked enhancement of growth. The results ol these studies provided basic knowledge on the growth of abalone and showed that it is possible to obtain, on a regular basis, survival rates exceeding 10% for this stage. Prior to this study the survival rates ranged between 2-4%, less than half of the values achieved today. Several diatom species originated from the National Center for Mariculture (Nitzchia laevis, Navicula lenzi, Amphora T3, and Navicula tennerima) and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083, 2084, 2085, 2086 and 2087 UTEX strains, Austin TX) were tested for heterotrophic growth. Axenic colonies were initially obtained and following intensive selection cycles and mutagenesis treatments, Amphora T3, Navicula tennerima and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083 UTEX strain) were capable of growing under heterotrophic conditions and to sustain highly enriched mediums. A highly efficient selection procedure as well as cost effective matrix of media components were developed and optimized. Glucose was identified as the best carbon source for all diatom strains. Doubling times ranging from 20-40 h were observed, and stable heterotroph cultures at a densities range of 103-104 were achieved. Although current growth rates are not yet sufficient for full economical fermentation, we estimate that further selections and mutagenesis treatments cycles should result in much faster growing colonies suitable for a fermentor scale-up. As rightfully pointed out by one of the reviewers, "There would be no point in assessing the optimum levels of dietary inclusions into micro-capsules, if the post-larvae cannot be induced to consume those capsules in the first place." We believe that the results of the first year of research provide a foundationfor the continuation of this research following the objectives put forth in the original proposal. Future work should concentrate on the optimization of incorporation of intact cells and cell extracts of the developed heterotrophic strains in the alginate matrix, as well as improving this delivery system by including liposomes and chemoattractants to ensure food consumption and enhanced growth.

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