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Journal articles on the topic 'Colonial troops'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Masri, Hairul, Suprayitno Suprayitno, and Ratna Ratna. "War Strategy Done by Gayo and Alas People Against Dutch Colonial (1901-1912)." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (2018): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v1i2.10.

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The arrival of Dutch troops with marsose troops into the Gayo and Alas areas while attempting to crush local fighters led to wars in the area. By fomenting the spirit of war sabil, the fighters with local residents made war against the Dutch as a form of jihad against the unbelievers in order to maintain the area and belief of Islam is embraced. In the face of Dutch troops, the fighters in the Gayo and Alas region used several strategies, among which were the implantation of the Sabil War Ideology, warfare, and guerrilla warfare. Through the implementation of the strategy, the fighters are abl

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Luffin, Xavier. "Senegalese, Gurkha, Sikh . . . : The French and British Colonial Troops in the Eyes of the Arab Writers." Arabica 60, no. 6 (2013): 762–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341283.

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Abstract The former great European colonial empires had incorporated soldiers recruited in their colonies into their armies. Several Arab authors from Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Morocco remember them through their novels and short stories, giving us an interesting perception of the “Other”: strangers brought into the Arab world by other strangers. They also represent different negative faces of the colonial period: the exploitation of the indigenous population, the dilemma of Muslims forced to fight their brothers . . .

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Shin, Dongil. "To Realize Our Decolonization: South Korea’s Deployment of Troops to Vietnam." International Journal of Korean History 27, no. 1 (2022): 213–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2022.27.1.213.

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In the 1960s, less than two decades after its liberation, South Korea was still struggling to establish its position in the postwar international order amid waves of decolonization and the Cold War. As a newly independent country, South Korea had one task it considered to be of utmost importance: gaining international recognition by demonstrating its sovereignty to the world. This article focuses on Korea's nation-building process in this context through the dispatch of its troops to Vietnam, a crucial component of completing its decolonization. The subsequent text assesses what factors influe

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Syamsuar, Syamsuar. "Teungku Chiek Dirundeng's Struggle in Confronting Dutch Colonial." Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 8, no. 1 (2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v8i1.336.

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This research discussed about the study of TeungkuChiekDirundeng’s struggle in confronting Dutch colonial. Teungku Chiek Dirundeng was one of the Moslem scholars and one of the fighters in South West Coast, who had developed human civilization and education through dayah. Moreover, he found the Dutch in order to defend the territory; the war was called by the Sabil (holy) war. The term of the Sabil War had motivated his troops and followers to have a high fighting spirit. This story was enshrined in Aceh story, namely Hikayat Teungku in Meukek. This research applied qualitative methods. It tol

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ROY, KAUSHIK. "Discipline and Morale of the African, British and Indian Army units in Burma and India during World War II: July 1943 to August 1945." Modern Asian Studies 44, no. 6 (2010): 1255–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x1000003x.

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AbstractTowards the end of World War II, the morale of British units stationed in Burma and India was on a downslide. In contrast, the morale of Indian units was quite high. In fact, after the 1943 Arakan Campaign, the morale of Indian units rose slowly but steadily. The morale and discipline of Indian troops are also compared and contrasted with another colonial army: the African troops. By making a comparative study of the Commonwealth troops deployed in Burma and India, this paper attempts to show how and why the contours of morale and discipline changed among the various groups of troops a

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Pelley, Patricia. "“Barbarians” and “Younger Brothers”: The Remaking of Race in Postcolonial Vietnam." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 29, no. 2 (1998): 374–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400007505.

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In the spring of 1954, Vietnamese revolutionaries launched a decisive assault against French colonial troops in the mountain valley of Dien Bien Phu. The military defeat of France, crystalized in the surrender of French troops in May 1954, was the single most crucial event in the collapse of colonial power. In military terms, France had unambiguously yielded to the strategic brilliance and soldierly élan of the Vietnamese, but culturally and intellectually, the empire was not so easily dispatched. Though it was decisive, the military victory alone could not resolve the problems caused by colon

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Chester, Pam. "Paremata Redoubt: colonial follies." Architectural History Aotearoa 11 (October 1, 2014): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v11i.7418.

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The construction of Paremata Redoubt, 1846-47, at the entrance to Te Awarua-o-Porirua Harbour, was commissioned by Lieutenant-Governor George Grey. The redoubt was built to subdue Māori opposition to New Zealand Company immigrants settling in the wider Wellington area. In 1846 the entrance to Te Awarua-o-Porirua Harbour was a strategic military location being on the main Māori route from the west Wellington coast, via Pāuatahanui, to the Hutt Valley and Wellington. The redoubt, was built on the site of Paremata Pā, which had been occupied from about the early 1830s to about the mid 1840s, just

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Bezha, Anastas. "The Rise of a National Army or a Colonial One? Albanian Troops in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I." Hungarian Historical Review 11, no. 1 (2022): 141–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.38145/2022.1.141.

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The article discusses the under-researched topic of the Albanian troops in the Austro-Hungarian military during World War One. The topic represents a forgotten moment in World War One Balkan historiography, and it is also an unstudied colonial example. Based on English, Hungarian, and German archival and secondary sources, the article first provides a short historical description of the Albanian fighting units under the Ottoman Empire, their organization, and their infamously bellicose nature, up until the independence of the country. The paper then analyzes how these units became part of the

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Osborne, Myles. "British Visions, African Voices: The “Imperial” and the “Colonial” in World War II." Itinerario 44, no. 2 (2020): 287–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115320000169.

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AbstractThis article is focused on a magazine called Jambo, which was published by the British East Africa Command for troops in its employ between 1942 and 1945. Jambo was an agglomeration of political articles, general interest stories, propaganda, cartoons, crosswords, and more, with many of its contributions authored (or drawn) by men serving in the Allied forces. Here, I use Jambo to consider notions of the “colonial” and “imperial” during the Second World War, exploring how the realities of racial segregation in the colonies fit awkwardly with imperial service. Jambo also permits us a wi

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Mordi, Emmanuel Nwafor. "‘Sufficient Reinforcements Overseas’: British PostWar Troops' Recruiting Policy in Nigeria, 1945–53." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 4 (2019): 823–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419855417.

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This article critically examines Britain's postwar recruitment policy in Nigeria, 1945–53. It is a subject that has not been studied by scholars. As the Second World War drew to a close, the Nigerian colonial military had declared that it had sufficient illiterate, ‘pagan’ infantrymen of northern Nigerian ‘tribal,’ including Tiv, origin to meet any but unforeseen demands of troops for service in the South East Asia Command (SEAC). Yet, recruitment of the same category of infantrymen, as well as ex-servicemen, was resumed after the war. The critical/analytic historical method is deployed to int

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Rachmatsyah, Rachmatsyah, and Tengku Sahudra. "TEUKU NYAK MAKAM AND HIS ROLE IN THE DUTCH COLONIAL WAR ON THE EAST COAST OF ACEH (1865-1896)." JUPIIS: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL 14, no. 1 (2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v14i1.34121.

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Teuku Nyak Makam was a prominent warlord on the East coast of Aceh in defending sovereignty from Dutch interference. In addition, the front guard of the Tamiang, Langkat and Deli regional bases. In an important role, he delegated troops under Teuku Muhammad in Seuruway (1885), and was assisted by the Warlords Umar and Nyak Ulim to blockade the Dutch patrol in Tamiang until 1895. In July 1896 Teuku Nyak Makam returned to Aceh Besar and ended his struggle being arrested in Lamnga. The discussion; Teuku Nyak Makam actively defended Aceh's sovereignty against the Dutch colonials; In addition to op

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GILADI, ROTEM. "The Phoenix of Colonial War: Race, the Laws of War, and the ‘Horror on the Rhine’." Leiden Journal of International Law 30, no. 4 (2017): 847–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156517000395.

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AbstractThe article explores the demise of the ‘colonial war’ category through the employment of French colonial troops, under the 1918 armistice, to occupy the German Rhineland.It traces the prevalence of – and the anxieties underpinning –antebellumdoctrine on using ‘Barbarous Forces’ in ‘European’ war. It then records the silence ofpostbellumscholars on the ‘horror on the Rhine’ – orchestrated allegations of rape framed in racialized terms of humanity and the requirements of the law of civilized warfare. Among possible explanations for this silence, the article follows recent literature that

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Bokhodirov, Ikhtiyor. "SUPPRESSION OF NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTS IN FERGANA REGION BY TURKESTAN MILITARY DISTRCT IN THE SECOND HALF OF XIX CENTURY." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 08 (2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-08-09.

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Fergana region had a very high position in the colonial system of the Russian empire in Turkestan. The most population in Turkestan lived in Fergana and the empire got a lot of profit from this region. But the national liberation movement in Fergana region had always been a big problem for the Turkestan colonial administration. The imperial government used the troops of the Turkestan Military District to keep public order and supression the uprisings in the region.

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Vázquez, Florencia, and Elena Díaz Pais. "Arqueología virtual en una estancia colonial argentina." Virtual Archaeology Review 5, no. 10 (2014): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2014.4204.

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This is a first approach to the application of virtual reconstruction techniques of a colonial house. In Argentina it is still uncommon to perform 3D modeling of archaeological sites and especially in historical archeology. As a first step, we used the Google SketchUp to model the country house located on the banks of the Río de la Plata (Buenos Aires). It has historical significance because it belonged to a Spanish councilman, housed hundreds of slaves and was the place where stayed the troops that carried out the Second British Invasion of Buenos Aires. In this case, the 3D modeling was usef

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CHARTERS, ERICA. "THE CARING FISCAL-MILITARY STATE DURING THE SEVEN YEARS WAR, 1756–1763." Historical Journal 52, no. 4 (2009): 921–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x09990306.

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ABSTRACTThis article re-examines the concept of the fiscal-military state in the context of the British armed forces during the Seven Years War (1756–63). This war, characteristic of British warfare during the eighteenth century, demonstrates that British victory depended on the state caring about the wellbeing of its troops, as well as being perceived to care. At the practical level, disease among troops led to manpower shortages and hence likely defeat, especially during sieges and colonial campaigns. During the 1762–3 Portuguese campaign, disease was regarded as a sign of ill-discipline, an

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Coclanis, Peter. "Military Mortality in Tropical Asia: British Troops in Tenasserim, 1827–36." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 30, no. 1 (1999): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400008006.

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The demographic history of Southeast Asia remains largely uncharted. This is particularly true of mainland Southeast Asia prior to the commencement of the era of high imperialism in the second half of the nineteenth century. To be sure, in recent years scholars have begun to explore certain aspects of the mainland's demographic history during the precolonial and early colonial periods. Nonetheless, we still lack basic information on fertility, mortality, and migration — the three fundamental categories in demographic analysis — for most populations on most parts of the mainland prior to 1850.

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Zaccaria, Massimo. "Italian Colonialism in Africa as a Connected System: Institutions, Men and Colonial Troops." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 47, no. 4 (2019): 718–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2019.1596238.

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18

Varona, Gema. "Janus in the Metropole: Moroccan Soldiers and Sexual Violence Against Women in the Spanish Civil War." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 10, no. 4 (2021): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.1997.

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Approximately 80,000 Moroccan men fought on the side of Franco in the Spanish Civil War. When the colonial wars ended, those men were recruited from very poor villages (some of them at the age of 16). Although the core collective memory that remains about those Moroccan troops (‘the Regulars’) concerns absolute cruelty, particularly towards women, they also form part of the history of the Spanish colonisation. During the Civil War, Franco’s General Queipo de Llano promised that the ‘castrated’ Republican soldiers’ women would know about the ‘virility’ of those Moroccan troops. Departing from f

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MacDonald, Mairi S. "Guinea's Political Prisoners: Colonial Models, Postcolonial Innovation." Comparative Studies in Society and History 54, no. 4 (2012): 890–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041751200045x.

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AbstractMuch postcolonial theory assumes a continuity of both behavior and representation between colonial rule and what has succeeded it across sub-Saharan Africa. The maltreatment of political prisoners in Guinea in the wake of its brief invasion by Portuguese troops in November 1970 provides a challenging but ultimately fruitful empirical record against which to test this theory. I use an analytical approach informed by history, law, anthropology, and communications theory to explore continuities between the legal practices of French colonial and contemporary revolutionary regimes, on one h

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Moreira, Vania. "Indianidade, territorialidade e cidadania no período pós-independência – Vila de Itaguaí, 1822-1836." Diálogos Latinoamericanos 12, no. 18 (2011): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dl.v12i18.113438.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the transition of the indigenous colonial debate towards an actual national one, beginning after Brazil‟s independence in 1822, when Indians‟ rights and duties were being redefined in concordance with the new social and political order. The emphasis will be on the reaction of the new regime to the Indians of the Itaguaí village, who, after the promulgation of the Constitution in 1822, were considered as citizens, and thereafter enrolled as recruits in two troops of the National Guard. For reasons that seem strange from a legal point of view, they were de

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Mickleburgh, Andrew. "Asians and Uganda: a bibliography and introductory essay." African Research & Documentation 81 (1999): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00019993.

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Asians have played important roles in the social and economic history of Uganda from the start of the colonial period up to the present. Asians had contact with the East African Coast for at least 2000 years. The first Asians to arrive in Uganda were troops from the Punjab, sent to join the colonial army in the mid-1890s. They were followed immediately by indentured workers and ‘free migrants’. Although some colonial officials viewed Asians as important agents in social change and sought to encourage the indentured workers to settle in Uganda, less than twenty percent chose to remain after the

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Mickleburgh, Andrew. "Asians and Uganda: a bibliography and introductory essay." African Research & Documentation 81 (1999): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00019993.

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Asians have played important roles in the social and economic history of Uganda from the start of the colonial period up to the present. Asians had contact with the East African Coast for at least 2000 years. The first Asians to arrive in Uganda were troops from the Punjab, sent to join the colonial army in the mid-1890s. They were followed immediately by indentured workers and ‘free migrants’. Although some colonial officials viewed Asians as important agents in social change and sought to encourage the indentured workers to settle in Uganda, less than twenty percent chose to remain after the

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Kidman, Joanna, and Vincent O’Malley. "Questioning the canon: Colonial history, counter-memory and youth activism." Memory Studies 13, no. 4 (2018): 537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698017749980.

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Social memory is inscribed by power relations that both produce and contain canonical state narratives. In settler nations, where indigenous and state relationships remain unresolved, tribal memories of violent colonial histories that are passed on to successive generations expose ‘official’ silences in foundational stories about a nation’s origins. In this article, we examine a public debate that occurred when a group of secondary school students took a petition to the New Zealand Parliament calling for formal recognition of the difficult history of the New Zealand Wars – a series of nineteen

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Grémont, Johann. "The Maintenance of Law and Order in the China–Vietnam Borderlands During the French Colonial Period (1896–1940)." Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies 5, no. 1S (2021): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54631/vs.2021.s-34-43.

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The item about border between China and Vietnam is not just a contemporary issue. Its building and its story takes its roots in the past and the colonial period played a major role. This article aims to analyse how the French colonial administration tried to keep order on the Tonkin border. First, the structure of the maintenance of law and order along the border is analysed to better understand how these diverse borderlands areas with a harsh climate and a multi-ethnic population resulted in many issues, giving birth to the challenges of law and order on border. Then, dynamics of cross border

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Maghraoui *, Driss. "The ‘grande guerre sainte’: Moroccan colonial troops and workers in The First World War." Journal of North African Studies 9, no. 1 (2004): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1362938042000292270.

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Banschikova, Anastasia. "Visual Colonization: Scenes, Objects, and Main Content of Postcards from German East Africa." ISTORIYA 12, no. 12-1 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840014801-0.

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The paper deals with colonial representation of German East Africa in postcards, issued for exposure of conquered territories to the empire’s metropolis population. To the lesser degree they present peoples of distant land, their culture and life, concentrating more on (controversial) “achievements” brought by colonizers, like military stations, churches and Christian missions, infrastructure, askari troops recruited from local population etc. On these postcards we can see various species of acacias and palm trees, numerous Araberstrasse and Kaiserstrasse, monuments to the emperor and chancell

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Fatah-Black, Karwan. "Orangism, Patriotism, and Slavery in Curaçao, 1795–1796." International Review of Social History 58, S21 (2013): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859013000473.

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AbstractThe defeat of the Dutch armies by the French and the founding of the Batavian Republic in 1795 created confusion in the colonies and on overseas naval vessels about who was in power. The Stadtholder fled to England and ordered troops and colonial governments to surrender to the British, while the Batavian government demanded that they abjure the oath to the Stadtholder. The ensuing confusion gave those on board Dutch naval vessels overseas, and in its colonies, an opportunity to be actively involved in deciding which side they wished to be on. This article adds the mutinies on board th

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Caiado, André. "The monumentalization of the Portuguese Colonial War: Commemorating the soldier’s efforts amid the persistence of imperial imaginaries." Memory Studies 14, no. 6 (2021): 1208–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980211053983.

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This article presents an analysis of the monumentalization of the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974) and explores the dynamics that sustain its growth recently, while other symbols and forms of public memorialization associated with the colonial past have increasingly been called into question and contested, nationally and internationally. Through the semiotic and epigraphic analysis of monuments, observational visits and interviews with some of the people who put them up, the main representational dynamics of the approximately 415 monuments in Portugal are identified. The article examines th

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Tzoref-Ashkenazi, Chen. "Hanoverians, Germans, and Europeans: Colonial Identity in Early British India." Central European History 43, no. 2 (2010): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938910000014.

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The natives here have great awe and respect for our entire Nordic nation. If this had not been the case, they could have easily become our masters. They regard us as the strongest and heartiest people as well as the best and most fortunate warriors, although together with this fear, they also despise us and hold themselves to be better. The English know very well how to keep their respect, although there is no slavery in their settlements here, while it does exist among the Dutch, the French, and the Portuguese. In the establishments of the English, on the other hand, more money circulates, th

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Gewald, Jan-Bart. "Mbadamassi of Lagos: A Soldier for King and Kaiser, and a Deportee to German South West Africa." African Diaspora 2, no. 1 (2009): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187254609x433369.

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Abstract In 1915 troops of the South African Union Defence Force invaded German South West Africa, present day Namibia. In the north of the territory the South African forces captured an African soldier serving in the German army named Mbadamassi. Upon his capture Mbadamassi demanded to be released and claimed that he was a British national from Nigeria. In addition, he stated that he had served in the West African Frontier Force, and that he had been shanghaied into German military service in Cameroon. Furthermore, whilst serving in the German army in Cameroon, Mbadamassi claimed that he had

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Kochetov, Dmitriy V. "A friend among foes, a foe among friends: Ascari, Amedeo Guillet and the formation of Eritrean identity in the context of Italian colonialism in the late nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth centuries." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 21, no. 1 (2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-1-67-71.

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The article draws attention to the extraordinary, by African standards, respect in Eritrea for the soldiers of the Italian colonial troops, the Ascari, and even for some of their Italian officers, such as Amedeo Guillet. The author reveals the reason for this respect, which was not present in another former Italian colony Libya. After studying the materials on the number and combat path of the Ascari, colonial Libya, Eritrea, and Italy’s policy in it, the author came to the conclusion that Italian colonialism from a clean slate formed an anti-Ethiopian identity in Eritrea. It was expressed in

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Hägerdal, Hans. "Timor and Colonial Conquest: Voices and Claims about the End of the Sonba’i Realm in 1906." Itinerario 41, no. 3 (2017): 581–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115317000699.

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In 1905–1906 the Dutch colonial state ended the autonomy of the inland of West Timor, hitherto home to the prestigious but crumbling Sonba’i Dynasty. The article addresses the problems and possibilities of writing the history of this traumatic event, which is described in several colonial reports and memorandums, while the Timorese did not leave written texts. A number of oral accounts were recorded in the 1960s by local historian F. H. Fobia, some six decades after the event. The article discusses the possibilities of an oral history approach against a backdrop of recent research about such m

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Thompson, J. Malcolm. "Colonial Policy and the Family Life of Black Troops in French West Africa, 1817-1904." International Journal of African Historical Studies 23, no. 3 (1990): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219598.

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Karabinos, Michael Joseph. "Displaced Archives, Displaced History: Recovering the Seized Archives of Indonesia." Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 169, no. 2-3 (2013): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-12340027.

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Abstract This article examines the post-war conflict of colonial retention that the Netherlands engaged in with Indonesia, and the invasion of Yogyakarta on 19 December 1948. While arresting high-ranking members of the Republican government, Dutch troops seized papers that were left behind. These documents were not returned to Indonesia until nearly 50 years later. By studying the archival collection, fluctuations in the relationship between Indonesia and the Netherlands are revealed. The seized archives relate directly to the building of a new nation; their history reflects the history of Ind

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Campbell, J. B. "Sharing out land: two passages in the Corpus agrimensorum romanorum." Classical Quarterly 45, no. 2 (1995): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800043603.

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Virgil, in his description of the establishment of a new city by Aeneas for those Trojans who wished to remain in Sicily, is thinking of the Roman practice of colonial foundation: ‘Meanwhile Aeneas marked out the city with the plough and allocated the houses (by lot)’. We may note the personal role of the founder, the ploughing of the ritual first furrow, the organized grants to the settlers and the equality of treatment implied in the use of lot (sortiri). Virgil was writing at the end of the first century B.C. at a time of great activity in land distribution, but the Romans had been founding

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MEDHI, ABHILASH. "Infrastructural Contingencies and Contingent Sovereignties on the Indo–Afghan Frontier." Modern Asian Studies 54, no. 6 (2020): 1949–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x19000015.

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AbstractThe Khyber Pass Railway is a defunct 42-kilometre-long railway line that connects the western reaches of Peshawar to the Afghan border. Completed in 1925 mainly to carry British troops, the railway line failed to attract decent passenger or commodity traffic. Instead, it made an impact on a more primal register. Negotiations carried out between the British Government of India and populations from around the Khyber to allow its construction reproduced and rearranged lines of authority among the latter. They also embedded colonial administrators in tribal hierarchies. Efforts to acquire

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Magaziner, Daniel R. "Removing the Blinders and Adjusting the View: A Case Study from Early Colonial Sierra Leone." History in Africa 34 (2007): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2007.0011.

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Mende raiders caught Mr. Goodman, “an educated young Sierra Leonean clerk,” at Mocolong, where he “was first tortured by having his tongue cut out, and then being decapitated.” His was a brutal fate, not unlike those which befell scores of his fellow Sierra Leoneans in the spring of 1898. Others were stripped of their Europeanstyle clothes and systematically dismembered, leaving only mutilated bodies strewn across forest paths or cast into rivers. Stories of harrowing escapes and near-death encounters circulated widely. Missionary stations burned and trading factories lost their stocks to plun

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Brewster, Claire. "Women and the Spanish-American Wars of Independence: An Overview." Feminist Review 79, no. 1 (2005): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400200.

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This article looks at the ways in which Spanish American women exploited the political and social turmoil of the late 18th and early 19th centuries to move beyond their traditional sphere of influence in the home. Women directly participated in the Túpac Amaru Rebellion (1780–1781) and in the Wars of Independence (1810–1825) providing funding, food supplies, infrastructure and reinforcements for the troops, and nursing the wounded. Others contributed by taking part in the physical fighting (both openly and disguised as men) and a few led troops into battle. This article looks at some of the in

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Shalgimbekov, A. B., and G. A. Shotanova. "MILITARY-FORTRESS LINES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SOUTHERN URALS AT THE TURN OF THE XVIII-XIX CENTURIES." History of the Homeland 98, no. 2 (2022): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_114.

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This article is devoted to one of the topical issues of Kazakhstan’s colonization by the Russian Empire. At the first stage of colonization, the northern region of Kazakhstan became Russia's interest. Military factor was the leading one in the implementation of colonial policy. At the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, military fortification lines were erected along the northwestern borders, additional regular troops and Cossacks were sentthere, and a part of the civilian population was relegated to the military-cossack ranks. It was a starting point for the further advancement of the empire in

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Silva Campo, Ana María. "Through the Gate of the Media Luna: Slavery and the Geographies of Legal Status in Colonial Cartagena de Indias." Hispanic American Historical Review 100, no. 3 (2020): 391–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-8349840.

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Abstract This article examines the fate of people who had escaped slavery in colonial Cartagena de Indias as well as that of their descendants. In the 1690s, colonial military troops captured many individuals of African descent who had long lived as free in the hinterlands and forcibly transported them to Cartagena city. In the aftermath of these military campaigns, some putative owners filed lawsuits claiming that their ancestors had never relinquished ownership claims to the ancestors of freeborn residents of the forests. Since many of the captives had lived in the hinterlands all their live

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Madjid, Dien, Azhar Saleh, and Johan Wahyudhi. "Colonel Muhammadin and Aman Nyerang’s Fight against the Dutch in Gayo Alas 1910-1950." Buletin Al-Turas 28, no. 1 (2022): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v28i1.24572.

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The purpose of this study was to inform two warrior figures from Gayo, Colonel Muhammadin and Aman Nyerang who had not been recorded in the previously published historiography of the Aceh war. It was important regarding the dimension of the Aceh War which did not cover the coastal area, but also penetrat-ed into Gayo and Alas Land. The researchers conducted several colonial data searches to find the war activities of Colonel Muham-madin and Aman Nyerang. Several annual reports of the colonial government, namely the Koloniaal Verslag and Dutch-language newspapers, were two important sources. Th

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Martínez-Fernández, Luis. "The Sword and the Crucifix: Church-State Relations and Nationality in the Nineteenth-Century Dominican Republic." Latin American Research Review 30, no. 1 (1995): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100017179.

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Like the precarious colonial state demeaningly referred to as “España la Boba,” the Dominican Catholic Church of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries endured the Caribbean ramifications of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars. This onslaught included the cession of Santo Domingo to France in 1795, the protracted and bloody revolution in St. Domingue, disruptions in international trade, and invasions by Haiti in 1801 and 1805. Both the colonial state and the colonial church were further undermined by the declaration of Dominican independence in December 1821. Only weeks i

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Tyrrell, Ian. "The Regulation of Alcohol and other Drugs in a Colonial Context: United States Policy towards the Philippines, C. 1898–1910." Contemporary Drug Problems 35, no. 4 (2008): 539–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090803500405.

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The article compares attitudes towards and laws regulating the use of alcohol and opium in the United States (US) colonial possession of the Philippines. Forces within the United States and missionary groups in the field in the Philippines fought to have the supply of alcohol to American troops restricted by abolition of the military canteen system, and to eliminate use of alcohol among the indigenous population. To achieve these aims, they developed highly skilled networks of political lobbying led by Wilbur Craft's International Reform Bureau. Temperance, church and missionary groups differe

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Bowman, Joye L. "Abdul Njai: Ally and Enemy of the Portuguese in Guinea-Bissau, 1895–1919." Journal of African History 27, no. 3 (1986): 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700023276.

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The protracted subjugation by the Portuguese of Guinea-Bissau was made possible by Abdul Njai and his army of auxiliary troops. Njai became an ally of the Portuguese in the mid-1890s and continued his support for the Portuguese conquest until about 1915. He provided logistical support, and served both as a commander in the Portuguese army and as a recruiter of African troops. Oral as well as written sources indicate that Njai was directly responsible for the successful campaigns fought against the strongholds of resistance to Portuguese authority. As a reward for his services, the Portuguese g

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Brown, Kendall W. "Jesuit Wealth and Economic Activity Within the Peruvian Economy: The Case of Colonial Southern Peru." Americas 44, no. 1 (1987): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006847.

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Muffled by the night and sobered by their unexpectedly serious task, Corregidor José Manrique y Guzmán and two squads of militia quietly approached the Jesuit college of Arequipa at four o'clock on the morning of September 17, 1767. Manrique had secretly gathered his scribe and the troops during the night after receiving an astounding royal decree from Viceroy Amat in Lima. The top-secret dispatch ordered Manrique to detain all Jesuits within the province of Arequipa in preparation for their expulsion from the Spanish empire. Similar orders had gone out to royal officials throughout Charles II

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GEWALD, JAN-BART. "THE ROAD OF THE MAN CALLED LOVE AND THE SACK OF SERO: THE HERERO–GERMAN WAR AND THE EXPORT OF HERERO LABOUR TO THE SOUTH AFRICAN RAND." Journal of African History 40, no. 1 (1999): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853798007294.

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ON the morning of 12 January 1904, shooting started in Okahandja, a small town in German South West Africa, present-day Namibia. When the Herero–German war finally ended four years later, Herero society, as it had existed prior to 1904, had been completely destroyed. In the genocidal war which developed, the Herero were either killed in battle, lynched, shot or beaten to death upon capture, or driven to death in the waterless wastes that make up much of Namibia. Within Namibia, the surviving Herero were deprived of their chiefs, prohibited from owing land and cattle, and prevented from practis

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Chua, J. Y. "The Strange Career of Gross Indecency: Race, Sex, and Law in Colonial Singapore." Law and History Review 38, no. 4 (2019): 699–735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073824801900052x.

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In 1938, the British enacted Section 377A of the Straits Settlements Penal Code, criminalizing male same-sex acts in Singapore. Although the law was neither the first nor only attempt to regulate same-sex activity, it represented a stark intensification in sexual policing. Yet, the reasons for the introduction of Section 377A remain elusive. New sources, including recently declassified documents, reveal that Section 377A intersected with the colonial state's wider project of social control. In the early 1930s, intensified policing of female prostitution inadvertently magnified the visibility o

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Baker, David. "Colonial Beginnings and the Indian Response: The Revolt of 1857–58 in Madhya Pradesh." Modern Asian Studies 25, no. 3 (1991): 511–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00013913.

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The Narmada valley and adjoining districts of Madhya Pradesh came under British administration following the defeat of Sagar and Nagpur in 1818. Known from 1820 as the Saugor and Nerbudda (Sagar and Narmada) Territories (map 1), the area was administered, variously, as an agency of the governor general or as a commissioner's division of the North Western Provinces. As officials made the area part of the British imperial and capitalist system, they met with increasing resitance from notables, smaller chiefs and malguzars. A first round of protests occurred between 1818 and 1826, though these pr

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Al Tuma, Ali. "Franco's Moroccans." Contemporary European History 29, no. 3 (2020): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777320000284.

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Recent research into the Moroccan troops who fought in the Spanish Civil War has both drawn from and contributed to insights gained from new historiographical developments in the field of the Spanish conflict as well as other European twentieth-century conflicts. Studies examining the experiences and choices of low-level participants of the war, whether soldiers or civilians – on both the Francoist and republican sides – have increasingly shown that they were players in possession of a certain degree of agency, however limited. That agency allowed these low-level players, whether Spanish or Mo

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Mazov, Sergey. "USSR and the UN Military Operation in the Congo 1960—1964." ISTORIYA 13, no. 3 (113) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840020688-5.

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Drawing on UN documents, materials from Russian and British archives, the author examined the evolution of the Soviet line towards the UN military operation in the Congo in 1960—1964, exposed the intentions of the Soviet leadership to employ the UN military contingent in achieving its goals in the Congo, showed how the actions of the Western powers, their Congolese allies and the UN leadership frustrated the Soviet plans. The Soviet posture regarding the UN operation in the Congo varied depending on the escalation of the Congo crisis and its main actors’ behavior. At the initial stage (July —

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