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Journal articles on the topic 'Colonial Victoria'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 January 2023

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

McMullen, Gabrielle L. "Noted colonial German scientists and their contexts." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 127, no. 1 (2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs15001.

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German scientists made substantial and notable contributions to colonial Victoria. They were involved in the establishment and/or development of some of the major public institutions, e.g. the Royal Society of Victoria, National Herbarium, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Museum Victoria, the Flagstaff Observatory for Geophysics, Magnetism and Nautical Science, the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria and the Victorian College of Pharmacy. Further, they played a leading role not only in scientific and technological developments but also in exploration – Home has identified ‘science as a German export to nineteenth century Australia’ (Home 1995: 1). Significantly, an account of the 1860 annual dinner of the Royal Society of Victoria related the following comment from Dr John Macadam MP, Victorian Government Analytical Chemist: ‘Where would science be in Victoria without the Germans?’ (Melbourner Deutsche Zeitung 1860: 192). This paper considers key German scientists working in mid-nineteenth century Victoria and the nature and significance of their contributions to the colony.

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Theobald, Marjorie R. "Women's studies in colonial Victoria." Melbourne Studies in Education 31, no. 1 (January 1989): 14–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17508488909556228.

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3

Marsden, Beth. "“The system of compulsory education is failing”." History of Education Review 47, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-11-2017-0024.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the ways in which the mobility of indigenous people in Victoria during the 1960s enabled them to resist the policy of assimilation as evident in the structures of schooling. It argues that the ideology of assimilation was pervasive in the Education Department’s approach to Aboriginal education and inherent in the curriculum it produced for use in state schools. This is central to the construction of the state of Victoria as being devoid of Aboriginal people, which contributes to a particularly Victorian perspective of Australia’s national identity in relation to indigenous people and culture. Design/methodology/approach This paper utilises the state school records of the Victorian Department of Education, as well as the curriculum documentation and resources the department produced. It also examines the records of the Aborigines Welfare Board. Findings The Victorian Education Department’s curriculum constructed a narrative of learning and schools which denied the presence of Aboriginal children in classrooms, and in the state of Victoria itself. These representations reflect the Department and the Victorian Government’s determination to deny the presence of Aboriginal children, a view more salient in Victoria than elsewhere in the nation due to the particularities of how Aboriginality was understood. Yet the mobility of Aboriginal students – illustrated in this paper through a case study – challenged both the representations of Aboriginal Victorians, and the school system itself. Originality/value This paper is inspired by the growing scholarship on Indigenous mobility in settler-colonial studies and offers a new perspective on assimilation in Victoria. It interrogates how curriculum intersected with the position of Aboriginal students in Victorian state schools, and how their position – which was often highly mobile – was influenced by the practices of assimilation, and by Aboriginal resistance and responses to assimilationist practices in their lives. This paper contributes to histories of assimilation, Aboriginal history and education in Victoria.

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Ghosh, Sanmita. "‘Bharat Mata’ and ‘Ma Victoria’: Forms of Divine Motherhood in Colonial Bengal." Indian Historical Review 47, no. 2 (December 2020): 296–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983620968011.

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This article attempts to explore the cult of the ‘Bharat Mata’ that was born out of the patriotic fervour of Indian nationalist leaders who transformed their nationalist passion into an image of the nation as mother, and the widely promoted idea of Queen Victoria as a mother to her subjects in the nineteenth-century Bengal. The image of ‘Bharat Mata’ was conceived with the rising tide of nationalism in the nineteenth century, the impetus provided by the Bengali novelist Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay’s novel Anandamath (1882). The image of Queen Victoria as a mother to her Indian subjects found its most emphatic projection in Bengali texts like Raja Sir Sourindro Mohun Tagore’s poem Srimad-Victoria-Mahatmyam, The Greatness of the Empress Victoria: A Sanskrit Poem, Set to Music with English Translation (1897). Composed on the occasion of the completion of 60 years of Queen Victoria’s reign, the poem was a ‘humble offering of loyalty’ to the Queen-Empress, whose reign over India was glorified and regarded auspicious. The article looks into the apparently contradictory nature of the worship of the feminine form as the ‘mother’ in a pre-independent nineteenth-century Bengal, through a consideration of texts like Anandamath, Srimad-Victoria-Mahatmyam and Girishchandra Ghosh’s play Hirak Jubilee (1897), among others. In this context, the article also takes into account the theoretical perspective of the cultural ‘Other’, inherent in a study involving the dynamics of colonial relations.

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Curthoys, Ann, and Kathryn Cronin. "Colonial Casualties: Chinese in Early Victoria." Labour History, no. 48 (1985): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27508741.

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6

Cahir, Fred, Ian D. Clark, Dan Tout, Benjamin Wilkie, and Jidah Clark. "Aboriginal fire-management practices in colonial Victoria." Aboriginal History Journal 45 (April 26, 2022): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ah.45.2021.05.

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Cahir, Fred, Ian D. Clark, Dan Tout, Benjamin Wilkie, and Jidah Clark. "Aboriginal fire-management practices in colonial Victoria." Aboriginal History Journal 45 (April 26, 2022): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/ah.45.2021.05.

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8

Cousen, Nicola. "Vandemonians: The Repressed History of Colonial Victoria." Australian Historical Studies 53, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2022.2020071.

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9

Silverstein, Ben. "Settler Colonial Governance in Nineteenth Century Victoria." Australian Historical Studies 47, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2016.1162685.

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10

Cahir, Fred, Rani Kerin, and Kylie Rippon. "The Aboriginal Adjustment Movement in Colonial Victoria." Journal of Religious History 43, no. 4 (November 25, 2019): 478–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9809.12630.

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Clark, Ian D. "Sleeping with Strangers — Hospitality in Colonial Victoria." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 13, no. 1 (April 2006): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jhtm.13.1.1.

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12

Grimshaw, Patricia. "“That we may obtain our religious liberty…”: Aboriginal Women, Faith and Rights in Early Twentieth Century Victoria, Australia*." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 19, no. 2 (July 23, 2009): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037747ar.

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Abstract The paper, focused on a few years at the end of the First World War, explores the request of a group of Aborigines in the Australian state of Victoria for freedom of religion. Given that the colony and now state of Victoria had been a stronghold of liberalism, the need for Indigenous Victorians to petition for the removal of outside restrictions on their religious beliefs or practices might seem surprising indeed. But with a Pentecostal revival in train on the mission stations to which many Aborigines were confined, members of the government agency, the Board for the Protection of the Aborigines, preferred the decorum of mainstream Protestant church services to potentially unsettling expressions of charismatic and experiential spirituality. The circumstances surrounding the revivalists’ resistance to the restriction of Aboriginal Christians’ choice of religious expression offer insight into the intersections of faith and gender within the historically created relations of power in this colonial site. Though the revival was extinguished, it stood as a notable instance of Indigenous Victorian women deploying the language of Christian human rights to assert the claims to just treatment and social justice that would characterize later successful Indigenous activism.

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13

Nanni, Giordano. "Time, empire and resistance in settler-colonial Victoria." Time & Society 20, no. 1 (March 2011): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x10369765.

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Coventry, C. J. "Links in the Chain: British slavery, Victoria and South Australia." Before/Now: Journal of the collaborative Research Centre in Australian History (CRCAH) 1, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 27–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35843/beforenow.173286.

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Beneficiaries of British slavery were present in colonial Victoria and provincial South Australia, a link overlooked by successive generations of historians. The Legacies of British Slave-ownership database, hosted by University College, London, reveals many people in these colonies as having been connected to slave money awarded as compensation by the Imperial Parliament in the 1830s. This article sets out the beneficiaries to demonstrate the scope of exposure of the colonies to slavery. The list includes governors, jurists, politicians, clergy, writers, graziers and financiers, as well as various instrumental founders of South Australia. While Victoria is likely to have received more of this capital than South Australia, the historical significance of compensation is greater for the latter because capital from beneficiaries of slavery, particularly George Fife Angas and Raikes Currie, ensured its creation. Evidence of beneficiaries of slavery surrounds us in the present in various public honours and notable buildings.

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PICKARD, JOHN. "Wire Fences in Colonial Australia: Technology Transfer and Adaptation, 1842–1900." Rural History 21, no. 1 (March 5, 2010): 27–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793309990136.

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AbstractAfter reviewing the development of wire fencing in Great Britain and the United States of America in the early nineteenth century, I examine the introduction of wire into Australia using published sources only. Wire was available in the colonies from the early 1850s. The earliest published record of a wire fence was on Phillip Island near Melbourne (Victoria) in 1842. Almost a decade passed before wire was used elsewhere in Victoria and the other eastern colonies. Pastoralists either sought information on wire fences locally or from agents in Britain. Local agents of British companies advertised in colonial newspapers from the early 1850s, with one exceptional record in 1839. Once wire was adopted, pastoralists rejected iron posts used in Britain, preferring cheaper wood posts cut from the property. The most significant innovation was to increase post spacings with significant cost savings. Government and the iron industry played no part in these innovations, which were achieved through trial-and-error by pastoralists. The large tonnages of wire imported into Australia and the increasing demand did not stimulate local production of wire, and there were no local wire mills until 1911.

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16

Mountford, Benjamin. "Send Fook Shing: the Chinese detective in colonial Victoria." History Australia 14, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2017.1359070.

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Rhook, Nadia. "“Turban-clad” British Subjects." Transfers 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2015.050308.

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The late nineteenth century saw a wave of Indian migrants arrive in Victoria, many of whom took up the occupation of hawking. These often-described “turban-clad hawkers” regularly became visible to settlers as they moved through public space en route to the properties of their rural customers. This article explores how the turban became a symbol of the masculine threat Indians posed to the settler order of late nineteenth-century Victoria, Australia. This symbolism was tied up with the two-fold terrestrial and oceanic mobility of 'turban-clad' men; mobilities that took on particular meanings in a settler-colonial context where sedentarism was privileged over movement, and in a decade when legislators in Victoria and across the Australian colonies were working out ways to exclude Indian British subjects from the imagined Australian nation. I argue that European settlers' anxieties about the movements of Indian British subjects over sea and over land became metonymically conflated in ways that expressed and informed the late nineteenth-century project to create a settled and purely white nation. These findings have repercussions for understandings of the contemporaneous emergence of nationalisms in other British settler colonies.

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Yung, Tim. "Visions and Realities in Hong Kong Anglican Mission Schools, 1849–1941." Studies in Church History 57 (May 21, 2021): 254–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2021.13.

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This article explores the tension between missionary hopes for mass conversion through Christian education and the reality of operating mission schools in one colonial context: Hong Kong. Riding on the wave of British imperial expansion, George Smith, the first bishop of the diocese of Victoria, had a vision for mission schooling in colonial Hong Kong. In 1851, Smith established St Paul's College as an Anglo-Chinese missionary institution to educate, equip and send out Chinese young people who would subsequently participate in mission work before evangelizing the whole of China. However, Smith's vision failed to take institutional form as the college encountered operational difficulties and graduates opted for more lucrative employment instead of church work. Moreover, the colonial government moved from a laissez-faire to a more hands-on approach in supervising schools. The bishops of Victoria were compelled to reshape their schools towards more sustainable institutional forms while making compromises regarding their vision for Christian education.

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RIEDI, ELIZA. "WOMEN, GENDER, AND THE PROMOTION OF EMPIRE: THE VICTORIA LEAGUE, 1901–1914." Historical Journal 45, no. 3 (September 2002): 569–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x02002558.

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The Victoria League, founded in 1901 as a result of the South African War, was the only predominantly female imperial propaganda society in Britain during the Edwardian period. To accommodate women's activism within the ‘man's world’ of empire politics the League restricted its work to areas within woman's ‘separate sphere’ while transforming them into innovative methods of imperial propaganda. Through philanthropy to war victims, hospitality to colonial visitors, empire education, and the promotion of social reform as an imperial issue, the League aimed to encourage imperial sentiment at home and promote colonial loyalty to the ‘mother country’. The League's relationship with its colonial ‘sister societies’, the Guild of Loyal Women of South Africa and the Canadian Imperial Order, Daughters of the Empire, demonstrates both the primacy of the self-governing dominions in its vision of empire, and the importance of women's imperial networks. The Victoria League illustrates both significant involvement by elite women in imperial politics and the practical and ideological constraints placed on women's imperial activism.

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20

Macgregor, Paul. "Chinese Political Values in Colonial Victoria: Lowe Kong Meng and the Legacy of the July 1880 Election." Journal of Chinese Overseas 9, no. 2 (2013): 135–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341257.

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AbstractLowe Kong Meng (Liu Guangming 劉光眀, 1831-1888),1 pre-eminent merchant and community leader of gold-rush Melbourne, was active in Australian politics, self-regarded as a British subject yet engaged with the Qing dynasty and was likely the first overseas Chinese awarded rank in the Chinese imperial service. Victoria’s mid-1880 election was a watershed: the immediate aftermath was the re-introduction of regulations penalising Chinese, after over 15 years of free immigration and no official discrimination. After the election it was claimed that Lowe Kong Meng persuaded Victoria’s Chinese to vote for the government, but was it in his interests to do so? This article examines the nature of Lowe Kong Meng’s engagement in European and Chinese political activity in the colony, as well as the extent of his leadership in Chinese colonial and diasporic life and explores how much he could have used that leadership to influence electoral outcomes. The article also examines how Lowe Kong Meng and the wider Chinese population of the colony brought changing political agendas to Victoria and developed these agendas through their colonial experiences.

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McMullen, Gabrielle L. "‘A talented young German’: exploration of the early career of Jacob Braché." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 133, no. 1 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs21008.

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Jacob Braché (1827–1905) arrived in Melbourne in 1853, two years into the Victorian gold rush, and soon became a significant figure in local mining circles. For almost fifty years, he contributed actively to mining endeavours – during periods as a civil servant, in numerous mining enterprises, and as a consulting mining engineer. Following a summary of Braché’s contributions in Victoria, this paper focuses on his education and experience prior to emigrating to the Colony, looking at the expertise that he brought to his colonial roles. It concludes with insights into why this ‘talented young German’ was a controversial figure over his half century of professional life in Australia.

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Smith, Len, Janet McCalman, Ian Anderson, Sandra Smith, Joanne Evans, Gavan McCarthy, and Jane Beer. "Fractional Identities: The Political Arithmetic of Aboriginal Victorians." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 38, no. 4 (April 2008): 533–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2008.38.4.533.

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Established as a British Colony in 1835, Victoria was considered the leader in Australian indigenous administration—the first colony to legislate for the “protection” and legal victualing of Aborigines, and the first to collect statistical data on their decline and anticipated disappearance. The official record, however, excludes the data that can explain the Aborigines' stunning recovery. A painstaking investigation combining family histories; Victoria's birth, death, and marriage registrations; and census and archival records provides this information. One startling finding is that the surviving Aboriginal population is descended almost entirely from those who were under the protection of the colonial state.

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Colleoni, Paola. "A Gothic Vision: James Goold, William Wardell and the Building of St Patrick’s Cathedral, Melbourne, 1850–97." Architectural History 65 (2022): 227–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2022.11.

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ABSTRACTSt Patrick’s Cathedral in Melbourne is among the largest Gothic revival churches built in the nineteenth century, matching in size the medieval cathedrals that inspired its design. The history of the commission reveals the role played by the first Roman Catholic bishop of Melbourne, James Alipius Goold, who was acquainted with A. W. N. Pugin’s theories of the Gothic revival and who promoted the construction of churches true to Pugin’s principles. After two failed attempts at smaller structures, and in the wake of the gold rush in Victoria, Goold in 1858 commissioned the newly arrived architect William Wilkinson Wardell to design a cathedral of unprecedented monumental proportions. Wardell’s design, rooted in an archaeologically correct approach to medieval precedent, was widely praised by colonial society, which favoured massive buildings reminiscent of those found in Europe. Furthermore, with its French-inspired apse and radiating chapels, St Patrick’s highlighted a connection to Catholic religious tradition particularly resonant for its largely Irish congregation. The design stands apart from High Victorian developments in the Gothic revival seen in England in the 1850s, as colonial patrons favoured a more conservative approach. St Patrick’s exemplifies several of the trends that influenced the revival of Gothic architecture in the Australian colonies, while also representing the desire of the Catholic Church to establish its position throughout the wider British empire.

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Lawrence, Susan, and Peter Davies. "Learning About Landscape: Archaeology of water management in colonial Victoria." Australian Archaeology 74, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2012.11681934.

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Lake, Marilyn. "The Chinese Empire Encounters the British Empire and Its “Colonial Dependencies”: Melbourne, 1887." Journal of Chinese Overseas 9, no. 2 (2013): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341258.

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AbstractIn 1887 Qing Imperial Commissioners General Wong Yung Ho and U Tsing visited Melbourne as part of an investigative mission to enquire into the treatment of Chinese imperial subjects in Southeast Asia and the Australian colonies. In this article I suggest that the political ramifications of their visit should be understood in the context of the larger imperial and national contestations occurring in the colony of Victoria in the 1880s. White colonial assertions of the rights of self-government — argued in defiance of imperial power both British and Chinese — and Chinese appeals to international law were antagonistic, but mutually constitutive claims. The more Chinese community leaders and the Imperial Commissioners appealed to the primacy of international law, the more strident were white colonial invocations of a newly defined national interest couched in a republican discourse on national sovereignty defined as border protection.

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Piper, Alana, and Lisa Durnian. "Theft on trial: Prosecution, conviction and sentencing patterns in colonial Victoria and Western Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 50, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865815620684.

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From Ned Kelly to Waltzing Matilda, tales of thievery dominate Australia's colonial history. Yet while theft represents one of the most pervasive forms of criminal activity, it remains an under-researched area in Australian historical scholarship. This article draws on detailed inter-jurisdictional research from Victoria and Western Australia to elaborate trends in the prosecution, conviction and sentencing of theft in colonial Australia. In particular, we use these patterns to explore courtroom attitudes towards different forms of theft by situating such statistics within the context of contemporary commentaries. We examine the way responses to theft and the protection of property were affected by colonial conditions, and consider the influence of a variety of factors on the outcomes of theft trials.

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Smith, Norman. "Marilyn Laura Bowman. James Legge and the Chinese Classics: A Brilliant Scot in the Turmoil of Colonial Hong Kong." International Review of Scottish Studies 43 (March 7, 2019): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/irss.v43i0.4569.

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Marilyn Laura Bowman. <i>James Legge and the Chinese Classics: A Brilliant Scot in the Turmoil of Colonial Hong Kong.</i> Victoria: Friesen Press, 2016. Pp. viii and 614. ISBN 978-1-4602-8882-5. $45.99.

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Hoppe, Kirk Arden. "Lords of the fly: colonial visions and revisions of African sleeping-sickness environments on Ugandan Lake Victoria, 1906–61." Africa 67, no. 1 (January 1997): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161271.

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Sleeping-sickness control in southern Uganda created ideological openings for the articulation of colonial visions of African environments. Competing colonial agendas, Ugandans' positions in their own environments, and Ugandans' resistance and responses to colonial schemes determined how such visions played themselves out in practice. The emerging power of colonial science played an important role in colonial attempts at constructing nature and defining Africans' relationship with their environments through disease control. The combination of forced depopulations, strategic clearings, and planned resettlement in British sleeping-sickness control schemes in southern Uganda set in motion a cycle of long-term land alienation from 1906 to 1962 that reflected the particular relations between British science, environmental intervention, and colonisation.

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Yeomans. "A Dangerous Migration: Early Mortality in Immigrant Doctors in Colonial Victoria." Health and History 22, no. 2 (2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5401/healthhist.22.2.0067.

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Yeomans, Neville D. "A Dangerous Migration: Early Mortality in Immigrant Doctors in Colonial Victoria." Health and History 22, no. 2 (2020): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hah.2020.0001.

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31

Kim, Yang-Su. "Colonial Structure of Hong Kong society in Shi Shuqing’s Victoria Club." Sookmyung Research Institute of Humanities 8 (June 30, 2021): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37123/th.2021.8.129.

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Grimshaw, Patricia, and Elizabeth Nelson. "Empire, 'the Civilising Mission' and Indigenous Christian Women in Colonial Victoria." Australian Feminist Studies 16, no. 36 (November 2001): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164640120097534.

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Hughes, Sue, Dirk H. R. Spennemann, and Ross Harvey. "Tracing the material culture of the Goldfields' Press in colonial Victoria." Media History 10, no. 2 (August 2004): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1368880042000254829.

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Grimshaw, Patricia. "Interracial Marriages and Colonial Regimes in Victoria and Aotearoa/New Zealand." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 23, no. 3 (2002): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/fro.2003.0008.

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Minard, Peter. "Salmonid Acclimatisation in Colonial Victoria: Improvement, Restoration and Recreation 1858-1909." Environment and History 21, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734015x14267043141345.

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Sullivan, Paul. "Scribal Syncretism in Colonial Yucatan, Reconsidered." Estudios de Cultura Maya 56, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ecm.2020.56.2.0005.

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Scholars have proposed that for decades after the conquest of Yucatan Maya scribes wielded competence in both the old hieroglyphic and the new Latin-based alphabetic scripts. During that time some scribes apparently worked furtively to transfer parts of their pre-conquest traditions, encoded in hieroglyphic codices, into new forms of alphabetic-based writing such as the Books of Chilam Balam and other forbidden works. Various types of evidence –historical and philological– have been offered to substantiate claims concerning the lingering effects of hieroglyphic writing practices upon Maya use of the alphabetic script in early colonial times. In the light of new evidence from twentieth-century Maya scribal practice, this paper demonstrates that previously published arguments, especially those developed in an influential series of papers by distinguished Mayanist Victoria Bricker, can no longer be considered valid.

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Kirby, Sarah. "‘The Worst Oratorio Ever!’: Colonialist Condescension in the Critical Reception of George Tolhurst’s Ruth (1864)." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 16, no. 02 (May 4, 2017): 199–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409817000325.

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The oratorio genre was regarded amongst the most edifying and instructive artforms of the Victorian era, and it was to these lofty ideals that George Tolhurst (1827–1877) aspired when composing his 1864 oratorioRuth. The first work of its kind written in the British colony of Victoria, Australia,Ruthreceived an initially favourable local reception; Tolhurst was urged by the Melbourne press to aim higher and present his work to a wider and more discerning audience. Consequently, he took his work to London where it was roundly criticized, widely mocked and eventually dubbed ‘the worst oratorio ever’. It might be assumed that a work so poorly received in the cultural metropolis of London would be, like so much other Victorian music, immediately forgotten. However, through its notoriously bad reception,Ruth– in what Percy Scholes describes as a ‘succès de ridicule’ – found a cult following that has spanned from the nineteenth century to the present day. This article examines the critical reception ofRuththrough the lens of colonial social relations, arguing that the treatment ofRuthin both London and Melbourne is emblematic of broader trends in the nineteenth-century relationship between parent state and settler colony. It also explores the surprising phenomenon of twentieth- and twenty-first-century consumption ofRuthin Britain, questioning whether the legacies of certain Victorian social and cultural prejudices relating to the artistic products of the colonies have been mitigated. Aesthetic and representational decisions made in recent revivals of Ruth suggest that cultural hierarchies forged during the Victorian era continue to be reinforced in the present day.

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Rhook, Nadia. "The Balms of White Grief: Indian Doctors, Vulnerability and Pride in Victoria, 1890–1912." Itinerario 42, no. 1 (April 2018): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115318000062.

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This article uses the 1898 manslaughter trial of two Indian medical practitioners in Victoria, Australia, as a lens to explore the settler colonial politics of medicine. Whereas imperial and colonial historians have long recognised the close and complex interrelationship of medicine and race, the emotional dimensions to care-giving have been under-appreciated – as has the place of the emotions within wider histories of sickness and health. Yet, this case studies shows, grief, vulnerability, catharsis and pride shaped the practice of medicine infin-de-siecleVictoria. In particular, I argue that, like other emotions, grief does racial work.

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Rule, Pauline. "The Transformative Effect of Australian Experience on the Life of Ho A Mei, 1838–1901, Hong Kong Community Leader and Entrepreneur." Journal of Chinese Overseas 9, no. 2 (2013): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341256.

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Abstract Ho A Mei, one of the earliest young Chinese to receive a thorough English education in the colony of Hong Kong, spent ten difficult years from 1858 to 1868, striving to make a fortune in the gold rush Australian colony of Victoria. Here he learnt much about modern business practices and ventures and also protested against the racial hostility that the Chinese encountered. Eventually after his retreat back to Hong Kong and Guangdong Province, he was successful partly because of his experiences in the advanced capitalist economy of colonial Victoria. This led him to move beyond the mercantile enterprises and property buying, which were key activities of many Hong Kong Chinese businessmen, into the areas of modern financial and telegraph services and mining ventures. He also spoke out frequently in a provocative manner against the colonial government over injustices and discrimination that limited the rights and freedom of the Chinese in Hong Kong. During the 1880s and 1890s, he was a recognized Chinese community leader, one whose assertiveness on behalf of Chinese interests was not always appreciated by the Hong Kong authorities.

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Nott, John. "Malnutrition in a Modernising Economy: The Changing Aetiology and Epidemiology of Malnutrition in an African Kingdom, Buganda c.1940–73." Medical History 60, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 229–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2016.5.

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The ecological fecundity of the northern shore of Lake Victoria was vital to Buganda’s dominance of the interlacustrine region during the pre-colonial period. Despite this, protein-energy malnutrition was notoriously common throughout the twentieth century. This paper charts changes in nutritional illness in a relatively wealthy, food-secure area of Africa during a time of vast social, economic and medical change. In Buganda at least, it appears that both the causation and epidemiology of malnutrition moved away from the endemic societal causes described by early colonial doctors and became instead more defined by individual position within a rapidly modernising economy.

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SHUTT, ALLISON K. "THE SETTLERS' CATTLE COMPLEX: THE ETIQUETTE OF CULLING CATTLE IN COLONIAL ZIMBABWE, 1938." Journal of African History 43, no. 2 (July 2002): 263–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853701008155.

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This paper examines the 1938 cattle culling and sales in Gutu and Victoria reserves, colonial Zimbabwe. What began as a routine culling very quickly became a crisis of authority for the Native Affairs Department since critics of the Department forced an inquiry into the sales. The criticism and defence of the culling facilitated a debate on state and personal justice, as well as a dialogue about the proper behaviour towards Africans, settlers and animals. The critics of the cullings as well as the colonial officers all believed themselves to be experts in African affairs. Thus what began as a criticism of cattle culling revealed tensions within white society, and in particular the need to refashion boundaries of expertise and authority within the Native Affairs Department. A close examination of the scope and development of the ensuing commission of inquiry reveals the importance of etiquette to the colonial enterprise in colonial Zimbabwe.

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Barry O'Mahony, G., and Ian D. Clark. "From inns to hotels: the evolution of public houses in Colonial Victoria." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 25, no. 2 (March 2013): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596111311301586.

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Rehm, Peter, Rachel A. Hooke, and Sven Thatje. "Macrofaunal communities on the continental shelf off Victoria Land, Ross Sea, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 23, no. 5 (April 15, 2011): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102011000290.

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AbstractIn austral summer 2004 benthic macrofauna was sampled along a latitudinal gradient along the northern Victoria Land coast (Ross Sea). An Agassiz trawl was used for semi-quantitative data collection of macrozoobenthos at depths from 84 to 537 m. Multivariate analysis of abundance of higher taxonomic units discriminated between the four sample sites along the latitudinal gradient. A SIMPROF analysis emphasized these geographical clusters, as the samples showed no significant differences within each cluster. A change in community structure with depth was not observed. The dominant taxonomic groups along the Victoria Land coast were Echinodermata (39%), Arthropoda (24%), Polychaeta (14%), and Mollusca (12%), not accounting for colonial organisms. Thus, the overall structure of the benthic community off the Victoria Land coast is comparable to other Antarctic regions and shows a closer relationship to the eastern Weddell Sea shelf, which may be attributable to the extensive impact of grounded ice affecting both areas.

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Thomas, Nicholas. "Colonial Conversions: Difference, Hierarchy, and History in Early Twentieth-Century Evangelical Propaganda." Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, no. 2 (April 1992): 366–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500017722.

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Colonial discourse, sometimes referred to in the singular, seems unmanageably vast and heterogeneous, for it must encompass not only the broad field of colonialism's relations and representations which constitutes or arises from the business of official rule, including administrative reports and censuses, but also the works of metropolitan literature and other forms of high culture which deploy images of the exotic or the primitive, paintings of unfamiliar landscapes, tourist guides, anthropological studies, and Oriental fabric designs. Colonial discourse includes chinoiserie, Kim, the Victoria and Albert Museum, Camus' Algerian stories, Frans Post, and Indiana Jones, as well as the Vital Statistics of the Native Population for the Year 1887 and the annual reports from wherever.

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WILSON, JOHN K., and MARTIN P. SHANAHAN. "DID GOOD INSTITUTIONS PRODUCE GOOD TARIFFS? EVIDENCE FROM TARIFF PROTECTION IN COLONIAL VICTORIA." Australian Economic History Review 52, no. 2 (July 2012): 128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8446.2012.00346.x.

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Clini, Clelia. "(Post)colonial friendships and Empire 2.0: A Brexit reading of Victoria & Abdul." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 56, no. 5 (September 2, 2020): 703–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2020.1823054.

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Bhattacharya, Sumangala. "Taj of the Raj: appropriating the colonial legacy of Kolkata’s Victoria Memorial Hall." Nineteenth-Century Contexts 41, no. 5 (August 28, 2019): 521–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2019.1658827.

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McCalman, Janet, Ruth Morley, Len Smith, and Ian Anderson. "Colonial health transitions: Aboriginal and ‘poor white’ infant mortality compared, Victoria 1850–1910." History of the Family 16, no. 1 (March 15, 2011): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hisfam.2010.09.005.

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Johnston, Madeleine. "The Role and Regulation of Child Factory Labour During the Industrial Revolution in Australia, 1873–1885." International Review of Social History 65, no. 3 (May 21, 2020): 433–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859020000322.

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AbstractThis study investigates child factory labour in Victoria, the most populous and industrialized colony in Australia in the second half of the nineteenth century. Three sources of primary data are analysed: Royal Commission reports, texts of bills and statutes, and parliamentary and public debates. The findings inform current academic debates by enhancing understanding of the role played by child workers during industrialization. They show that children were low-cost substitutes for adult males and that child labour was central to ongoing industrialization. A wide range of industries and jobs is identified in which children were employed in harsh conditions, in some instances in greater proportions than adults. Following the reports of the Royal Commission, the parliament of Victoria recognized a child labour problem serious enough to warrant regulation. While noting that circumstances were not as severe as in Britain, it passed legislation in 1885 with provisions that offered more protection to children than those in the British factory act of 1878. The legislation also offered more protection than factory laws in other industrializing colonies and countries. The findings throw light on the character of colonial liberal reformers in a wealthy colony who sought to create a better life for white settlers by adopting policies of state intervention.

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Ford, John R., and Paul Hamer. "The forgotten shellfish reefs of coastal Victoria: documenting the loss of a marine ecosystem over 200 years since European settlement." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 128, no. 1 (2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs16008.

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Victoria has lost vast areas (>95%) of native flat oyster (Ostrea angasi, Sowerby 1871) and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis galloprovinicialis, Lamarck 1819) reefs from estuarine and coastal waters since European settlement. We document the decline of these reefs by examining indigenous use of shellfish, the decimation of oyster reefs by dredge fishing in early colonial days (1840s–1860s) and later removal of mussel reefs by the mussel and scallop dredging industry (1960s‒1990s). Review of current scientific information reveals no notable areas of continuous oyster reef in Victoria and we consider this habitat to be functionally extinct. While the large-scale removal and destructive fishing practices that drove the rapid declines have not occurred since the mid-1990s, a natural recovery has not occurred. Recovery has likely been hampered historically by a host of factors, including water quality and sedimentation, lack of shell substrate for settlement, chemical pollution impacts, disease of native flat oysters (Bonamia), and more recently introduced species that compete with or prey on shellfish. However, research in the United States has demonstrated that, by strategic selection of appropriate sites and provision of suitable settlement substrates, outplanting of aquaculture-reared oysters and mussels can re-establish shellfish reefs. While a long-term sustained and structured approach is required, there is potential to re-establish shellfish reefs as a functioning ecological community in Victoria’s coastal environment.

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