Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Colonies – 20e siècle'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Colonies – 20e siècle.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Morando, Laurent. "Les instituts coloniaux et l'Afrique : 1893-1940 : ambitions nationales, réussites locales." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10062.
Full textN'Dombi, Pierre. "L'administration publique de l'Afrique équatoriale française de 1920 à 1956 : histoire d'un Etat providence colonial." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10018.
Full textAfter the 1914-1918 war, some politicians condemned the colonial policy of france for having made the development of colonies dependent on their individual financial means alone. Faced with the deficiencies of private capital, the government of france undertook the economic tooling of french equatorial africa through administrative intervention. However, the state played only a complementary role : it established conditions favourable for development without creating it directly. The public administration ordered studies the put the results to private entrepreneurs. To alleviate the economic crises from 1930 to 1952 it granted tax exemptions, bonuses and subsidies, and controled transportation networks. This thesis analyses the 1920 to 1956 involvement of the public administration acting as a colonial welfare state in economic and social fieds in french equatorial africa
Dufétel-Viste, Fanny. "Maîtriser l’espace : l’action de la ‘Reichspost’ dans les colonies allemandes." Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN20036.
Full textAt the end of the nineteenth century, the German empire, a newcomer among the European colonial powers, had to control huge territories in Africa and in the Pacific. Right at the start and until the First World War and the loss of all colonies information and communication were a key issue. This was the role of the German Post Office, the ‘Reichspost’. The ‘Reichspost’ and new technologies like the telegraph made it possible to exercise control over the colonies from a military and political point of view, but not only. In this study we want to show as well how, beyond this vital role, the different activities of the ‘Reichspost’ made of this government service a witness and actor in the colonial German society, also against his will. Far from being a distant and exclusively technical service with clear strategies, the ‘Reichspost’ was actually deeply involved in the choices and contradictions of the German colonial society and of the German empire as colonial power: in this perspective it moved too in an economic, social, political and symbolic space full of complexities
Nsoudou, Carine. "L' émergence de cultures politiques au Cameroun (1918-1961) : étude comparée des zones sous administration française et britannique." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010696.
Full textLocret-Le, Bayon Sylvie. "Les femmes françaises et la colonisation : étude de leur présence sociale." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE2024.
Full textGoeh-Akué, N'buéké Adovi. "Finances publiques et dynamique sociale en Afrique Noire sous influence française : le cas du Togo (1920-1980)." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070109.
Full textOuld, M'Bareck Sleimane. "Chaikh Sidiyya Baba et les élites musulmanes maures face à la pénétration coloniale française 1900-1924." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20020.
Full textDefinitly the time of the chaikh-s is not ready to be gone by yet and studying the modern (contemporaneous) history of Mauritania is impossible if one ignores all about the Sidiyya Family. The islamic religion and its dignitries had widely overwhelmed the discussion during the colonial period. In Mauritania, a certain family had been singularized by the political, intellectual and religeous wisdom of its leaders, in particular Chaikh Sidiyya Baba. His involvement in the colonization of Mauritanie has provided us an opportunity to have a view on islamic elite of moorish origin in Mauritania. Resistence, collaboration or accomodation are mentionned here one next to the other. This work tries to understand the question of the relationshps between muslim and non-muslim lands white giving a prospect on those between the cohabitation between Islam and the West today
Vargaftig, Nadia. "Des empires en carton : les expositions coloniales au Portugal et en Italie (1918-1940)." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070028.
Full textThis work proposes to confront two political, social and cultural phenomena that marked the twentieth century in Europe: the expansion of the old continent by colonial imperialism which started in the 1870s and the corporatist and fascist dictatorships of the interwar period. A comparative approach enables to understand the mechanisms by which representations of the Portuguese and Italian colonizations as they appeared in the colonial exhibitions of the period reflected and reinforced devices of domination exerted on metropolitan and colonial societies. Examining the aesthetic, historical and scientific motives of exhibitions, fairs and participations of Salazar's Portugal and Mussolini's Italy in international exhibitions, analyzing their manufacturing arrangements, and finally assessing the institutions, organizations and individuals involved in the process, permits to identify continuities and changes in the approach and interpretation of the colonial fact by each regime. These exhibitions were thus the result of evolving power relations in which the realities of the colonial ground were only one factor among others, as the balance of power in the fascist and salazarist states, struggles of influence between institutions, or inter-European rivalries in a particularly tense international context. Finally, the study of the presence of nationals of colonial territories permits to measure the racial dimension of these stagings of European domination
Ridha, Shili. "Milieux d'affaires et activité minière coloniale : les mécanismes de l'emprise des structures : (le cas de quelques mines du Centre-Ouest tunisien 1900-1956)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA01A002.
Full textTchikaya, Odile. "Le contrôle de la main d'oeuvre dans les colonies françaises au XXe siècle : l'exemple de l'A.E.F. de la première guerre mondiale à l'aube des indépendances (1914-1960)." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0031.
Full textAfter the First world War, the France has significant economic difficulties. It is necessary to rebuild the devastated metropolis but there is not enough financial means. Because of these economic difficulties was born a politic of exploitation of the French colonies, including those of A. E. F. (French Equatorial Africa) territory, (Gabon, Middle Congo, Oubangui-Chari and Chad) inducing their development. On April 21, 1921, the Minister of colonies, Albert Sarraut, filed a Bill to that effect. This extensive development programme requires a large labour force. However, the colonial administration faces demographic weakness of the territory which increases with the practice of forced labour, forcing workers to flee the work sites. To resolve these difficulties, the colonial administration applies the Decree of May 4, 1922, establishing the system of indigenous labor which the control is provided by a specialized institution, created by order of 24 July 1936: «inspectorate of work and indigenous workforce". Intervened belatedly, it fails to fulfill its primary mission: "the control of the application of labor legislation". The paralysis of the exploitation of workforce policy led the Government to abolish the forced or compulsory labor by the Act of April 11, 1946 in overseas territories. In addition, for the effectiveness of the control of the workforce, by the Decree of August 24, 1946, it puts inspectorate of work under "direct authority" of the Governor General, allowing it to exercise its missions independently. The efforts of the administration are not sufficient. Influenced by the trade unions and political parties, workers of the colonies want the establishment of a genuine Code of work. That’s why, on October 17, 1947 is promulgated the Code work in the territories of overseas called "Code Moutet". However, the Code is inadequate to the colonies and its provisions are very inadequate. It will therefore not applied. However, the requirement of a legal framework adapted to work overseas relations is asserted by African parliamentarians who want a social legislation, in accordance with the colonial realities. As a result, on December 15, 1952 is adopted the "Code of the work of the overseas territories", largely inspired by the Metropolitan legislation. The Code is "guarantor of social peace. " Nevertheless, it is adopted shortly before the framework law of 23 June 1956 that allows colonies to be more autonomous with respect to the metropolis. Thus at the dawn of independence, each colony of A. E. F. Develops its own institutions in order to organize work through principles of social cohesion and freedom
Mindemon, Kolandi Laorewa. "Histoire économique du Tchad, 1924-1960." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010674.
Full textParedes, Martinez Ernesto R. "D'un front pionnier ethno-religieux à l'émergence d'un territoire : le cas des colonies mennonites du Chaco paraguayen." La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROF014.
Full textThrough a decision of the governement of Paraguay, the region of central Chaco, a marginal territory in South American geography which as late as the beginning of the 20th century attracted few settlers, has become the site of a successful ethnic-religious pioneer enterprise, under the impulsion of a religious group which, itself, is very marginal in nature. The dynamics set into motion by the Mennonite settlement in Chaco (the result of successive waves of immigration throughout the first half of the 20th century) has led to the opening up of a territory in Paraguay that had previously been characterized by extreme isolation. Indeed, before the arrival of the Mennonites, the geohistory of Chaco with its hostile environment discouraged settlement of sedentary communities. Today, however, this pionner territory is noted for efficient institutions and social cohesion. And is the scene of a real agro-business success story with its « winning combination » of « colony and cooperative » and the presence of an indigenous labor force. The Mennonite area of central Chaco is thus seen as one of the major poles of economic activity in Paraguay. The pioneer experiment would thus appear to have an added ability to transform the environment. Expanding new crop lands, however, will inevitably raise questions of the sustainable development of environmental resources
Deville-Danthu, Bernadette. "Education physique, sport, colonisation et décolonisation dans les anciens territoires français d'Afrique occidentale : 1920-1965." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10019.
Full textManya, Judith. "Le parti communiste portugais et la question coloniale, 1921-1974." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40023.
Full textCamenen, Damien. "Nehru et la décolonisation française (1947-1962)." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3027.
Full textKiamba, Claude-Ernest. "Construction de l'État et politiques de l'enseignement au Congo de 1911 à 1997 : une contribution à l'analyse de l'action publique en Afrique noire." Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40017.
Full textPolitical science has traditionally focused on issues pertaining to the study of regimes, political elites, institutions and power, discriminating against analyses of the "day to day" functioning of the State, that is, what the State does or does not do. Yet a great number of scholars consider that political analysis should unfold within a more dynamic envisioning of the State-society relationship so as to foster the knowledge of the State while using new problematiques. This thesis attempts to understand the process of State construction in Congo not from a previous conventional perspective but rather from a thorough analysis of policy-oriented strategies of local political actors in the course of implementing the national education agenda. It aims at showing capacities often used by those actors in creating legal rational mechanisms sustaining State modernization via realistic public policies, how they operate in selecting those policies, which are alternatives offered to them, issues arisen and resources mobilized in the course of implementation, and how they impact the process of State construction. Sequencing and interactionist approaches are useful in understanding various educational programs set against the backdrop of State construction from 1911 (When schooling was officially instituted) to 1997 (at the outbreak of the second Congolese civil war)
Profizi, Vanina. "De l'île à l'Empire : colonisation et construction de l'identité nationale : les Corses, la nation et l'empire colonial français XIXe-XXe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0031.
Full textCorsica is by a high level of emigration throughout its history. Numerous agents and officials of French colonisation originate from the island. This contributed to get the Corsican involved into French identity, despite their late, brutal and incomplete integration to the metropolis. Decolonization induced major economic, political and social changes, and contributed to a reappraisal of Corsica's belonging to France since the 1960ies. After being enthusiastic supporters of the French colonial project, Corsicans are presented as being put under a political, economic and cultural tutelage similar to the colonial process. The colonial nature of Corsica's relationship with France is thus to be questioned. This work describes colonial migration: its organisation, its apprehension and its social consequences in Corsica as well as in the Empire: It also evaluates the impact of decolonization on this system by studying the remaining presence of Corsicans in former French colonies, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, and by considering the responsibility of imperial dismantlement in the phenomenon of political and social instability characterising Corsica since the 1960's
Wu, Christina Jialin. "La jeunesse en mouvement : scouts et guides en Malaisie britannique." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0044.
Full textInitially conceived in England to toughen and to prepare British youths for their roles as 'bricks in the wall of Empire', Scouting and Guiding were instruments of colonialism. Yet both movements quickly expanded beyond the metropole anc into the colonies, where they thrived and flourished on a global scale, enjoying immense popularity amongst indigenous youths. Indeed, in Malaya, both youth movements outlasted colonialism. Both continue to be popular in the post-colonial era, as the newly independent states of Malaysia and Singapore have also re-appropriated the movements for their own nationalistic agendas of'social engineering' and 'nation-building'. Why is this so ? Is this an example of the effects of 'soft power', whereby Scouting and Guiding effectively served impérial agendas as a cultural heavyweight in post-colonial Southeast Asia ? Situated within current historical concerns of gender and childhood in colonialism, this thesis addresses these questions and seeks to contribute towards on-going debates in imperial history by emerging with a deeper understanding of imperia youth movements as a historical and global phenomena in its colonial past and post-colonial present
Vathaire, Aurélia de. "Les écrivains-planteurs français de caoutchouc en Malaisie, 1905-1957." La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROF026.
Full textBetween 1905, arrival of Henri Fauconnier, from Charente, and 1957, independence of the country, some Frenchmen chose to come to Malaya to work in rubber estates. The first plantations founded by Henri Fauconnier merged in 1920s into Socfin group (Societé Financière des Caoutchouc). Amongst these rubber planters, three became novelists. Henri Fauconnier (1879-1973), described in his novel The Soul of Malaya – published and awarded by the Goncourt Prize in 1930 – the adventure and the pioneer spirit of the first Frenchmen who cleared the jungle and planted the first rubber trees. The second one, Pierre Boulle (1912-1994), wrote in 1952 Sacrilege in Malaya. Denouncing the excessive bureaucratization and the rigid hierarchy in the large European plantation companies, he humourisly described the rubber planters’ life in Malaya in the 1930s and 1940s. The third one, Pierre Lainé, was born in 1930. Living in Malaya since 1955, he told in his novel L’Oreiller en Porcelaine (The Porcelain Pillow), the last years of colonial period. These novels, which describe different eras, are written by “writers-rubber planters” and show a common wish to depict Malaya through the rubber plantation world. These Frenchmen were both actors and observers of the British colony’s development. The study of their works and their lives will give an insight of the way they perceive and analyze it
Ouattara, Katiénéffooua Adama. "Autorités politiques précoloniales et États : le cas des chefs Koya de Mankono dans le Nord-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire (1888-2001)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010588.
Full textAgrour, Rachid. "Le mouvement hibiste et les tribus berbères de l'Anti-Atlas : une histoire de la périphérie (sud-ouest marocain) face au pouvoir central (1910-1934)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010566.
Full textCrosnier, de Bellaistre Max. "L'héritage amérindien du cacao à la Guadeloupe : anthropologie des chocolatiers de Saint Charles Gourbeyre. Et la question du goût du chocolat de 1920 à nos jours." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC047.
Full textThe thesis aims to explain why the Guadeloupe population renounces its traditional taste of local food by focusing on imported food in the colony. We tried to anthropologically observe Guadeloupean food for daily use to identify what reports favorably condition in contrast to the taste of Western food. The period that concerns us is the colonial period and the resistance of the last chocolate in Guadeloupe (1920- 1951) which presents itself as a driving force during a period of uncertainty and economic inequality. It is with this thesis to discover the distinctive characteristics of Guadeloupe, between the consumption of local industrial chocolate. Faced with these changes that determine food uses of a story, a place, and a way of life, we ask ourselves the question: Is it in the customs of Guadeloupe resources a food that involves unequal to the preference of taste an imported product? We note and show that through the behavior of Guadeloupe despite the highly nutritious local resources such as cocoa, indifference taste -country products has continued to grow to the point of view of the colonizer products prevail as economic stranglehold is general
Salmon, Élodie. "L'Académie des Sciences coloniales. Une histoire de la « République lointaine » au XXème siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL056.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study a “ certain vision“ of France through the History of the Académie des Sciences coloniales (ASC) now called the Académie des Sciences d’Outre-mer, since its formation in 1922 until the 1970’s. Contributing to the analysis of the “colonial sciences” and its connections with the centre of power, the research about this society of experts is a gateway towards several fields regarding the colonial thought and its developments.Generalist, multidisciplinary and created by some of very important personalities from the ancient “parti colonial”, the ASC is representative of the French colonial circles of the interwar period. The study of its composition allows us to outline a real “colonial class”, part of the French ruling class, fiercely sovereignist and promoting the “empire notion”. The thought which embodies these “coloniaux” combines closely the universalism of the French Republic messianism and the particularist relativism proper to the domination of “the Other”. Those two postulates are theoretically opposite. For a long time, the historiography has presented the fact that the colonisation by the French republic is contradictory to its original premise. The expression “République lointaine” (“Distant Republic”) which is both a geographic reality and a conceptual approach is forged to refute this false paradox. This work leads to an analysis of this thought evolution.The resilience and the adaptation of this Academy, which outlasts its fundamental purpose, becoming its “memorial repository”, deserve at least a specific attention. Through this research subject, we observe terminological, thematic and reticular conversions of the entire “colonial class”. Decolonization of words, introduction of the integrating themes of cooperation and francophonie, dilution of the former “colonial class” and its opening to the international networks, are indeed crucial to understand this transition
Malon, Claude. "Le Havre colonial de 1880 à 1960." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040067.
Full textThis work intends to study the relations between Le Havre and the French colonies from 1880 to 1960. It goes through the ways and the consequences of the integration of the norman harbour into the imperial system. .
Jaumouillié, Anne-Laure. "Entre sagaïes et médailles : processus colonial de reconnaissance des chefs kanak en Nouvelle-Calédonie, 1878-1946." La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROF017.
Full textAs soon as New Caledonia got taken into possession, the colonial administration used the natives considered as chiefs to establish the French supervision. By using honorary distinctions, it settled a wide policy of recognition of the chiefs. Some of them seemed to have had dealed with the administrative employees, others rebelled or did both. Instead of considering those situations as loyalty, rejection or “double jeu”, this PhD consists in analysing them in a more global context by considering the Kanak chiefs in their own system of relationships. Inwa, relationship with the colons and colonial administrators are the framework. This work aims to deconstruct the idea of chiefs were either loyal or rebel and to show the complexity of the system in which every single actor of the colonisation participates. The itineraries of 36 leaders are analysed between 1878 – date of the first native rebellion – and 1917 – date of the last movement of the uprising. The leaders get little by little the methods of speech that will allow them to free themselves from the colonial pressures. The descendants of the chiefs are therefore also taken into account until the end of the “Code de l’Indigénat” in 1946. That in order to measure the strength of the transmission of the political speech they faced
Treiber, Caroline. "Les pratiques administratives au Maroc pendant le Protectorat (1912-1956)." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA084122.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to highlight, through the study of administrative practices, ambivalences and contradictions that have heavily influenced the practice of colonial rule in Morocco. The challenge is not to re-open the trial of the protectorate, but to analyse the trajectory of colonial administration, its ability to implement the reforms and the future of the protectorate's main principles at its contact. In the first part, an institutional study of the protectorate captures the establishment of the administration thought to be the support of colonial domination. The study is accompanied by an analysis of "lyautéisme" which describes itself as the embodiment of the concept of a protectorate, but is in fact is ideological expression. The second part of this work, devoted to the study of the implementation of the franco-moroccan cooperation policy, reveals that in the decision process, the protectorate system is more related to a form of subjection than a cooperation. It is clear that the colonial administration tends to exclude indigenous from decision poles while it exploits the native chiefs to ensure its grip on society. The objective of the third part is to demonstrate that the protectorate, faced with the need to legitimize the french presence in Morocco, has been unable to achieve the various tasks he was assigned. Moralisation of makhzen administration, modernization of Moroccan justice, and moral and material security, who where considered the essential elements of the conquest of the "protégés", are not guaranteed and these failures reveal all the ambiguities of the protectorate
Aouimeur, Mouloud. "Le Parti socialiste SFIO en Algérie : 1920-1954." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081397.
Full textOur micro-historical study consists of (he writing of the socialist party's history (s. F. I. O = section francaise de l'internationale ouvriere) (the french section of the worker international), not according to its central machinery, but through its basic instances. Algeria is our space of research between 1920 and 1954, two important dates that mark two major events: the tours congress and the algerian insurrection. For the s. F. I. O, algeria was more an electoral reserve than a country that may adopt the socialist system some day. The algerian socialist federations participated in all the elections even if their chances of winning were mean. The natives were subject to a very little influence of socialism. However many muslims adhered to the socialist party in order to evade repression while they continued to believe in the algerian nationalist thesis. The latter choice was an answer to their desire to embrace a party, which represent for them the symbol of democracy and liberty of which they were deprived. Some of them left the s. F. I. O as early as it (the french section. . . ) did not answer these criteria. Some retreated from politics definitely while others rejoined the u. D. M. A led by ferhat abbas or the f. L. N later. The algerian socialists integrated the colonial model in their ideology. They justified their position by moral reasons and economic motivations. Their algerian policy had not changed for years. The opened gap between 1946-1947, which was meant to establish a status for algeria, not too different from the moderate algerian nationalists one, was filled because paul ramadier government's reticence and the repatriation of yves chataigneau, the governor general. In fact, the algerian socialists continued to support the idea of assimilation. From 1944 to 1947, they insisted on the application of the 7th march edict. The principle claim became the application of 20th september 1947 status. The socialists could in reality not adopt a policy other than the one proposed by the radicals and the socialist-radicals who were very influent in algeria. They were most of the time political partners and allied. In fact, the s. F. I. O. Was wedged up between these different parties and the communist party on the european side, the p. P. A and the u. D. M. A from the muslim side. Being thus situated in the centre, it occupied a very delicate position
Ould, El Mounir Mohamed. "La construction de l'état en Mauritanie : de la domination à l'hégémonie." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10021.
Full textMourou, Max-Williams. "Les moyens d'action du ministère des Colonies de 1894 à 1914." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010657.
Full textMonnier, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Représentations post-coloniales de l'Afrique et des Africains dans les oeuvres de Urs Widmer et Hans Christoph Buch, à la lumière des hypotextes coloniaux de Joseph Conrad et de Richard Kandt." Paris 12, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA120035.
Full textThe following dissertation is an imagological, comparative and postcolonial research about the representations of Africa and Africans in different works of contemporary German literature, which are hypertextually connected to works of European colonial literature. By taking 1m Kongo by Urs Widmer and Kain und Abel in Afrika by Hans Christoph Buch, it scrutinizes, on an exemplary basis and in new ways, the relationship of these post-colonial hypertexts to their underlying colonial subtexts: Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Caput Nili by Richard Kandt. It is focused on evaluating, with the help of criteria developed within the postcolonial criticism, whether the selected writings succeed in overcoming the ethnocentric tendencies that characterise the literary reflexes of the ethnographie encounter with the Other abroad, there by producing images that contribute to the renewal of the representations of otherness and foreignness within the contemporary German literature
Hodeir, Catherine. "Le grand patronat colonial français face à la décolonisation." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010531.
Full textRispler, Isabelle. "“Lands of the future" : German-speaking identity, networks, and territoriality in the South Atlantic, 1820-1930." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC072/document.
Full textThe movement of German-speakers to the South Atlantic did not begin with Nazis seeking refuge in Argentina in the aftermath of World War II, nor did it start with the organization of the German protectorate of South-West Africa in 1884. Throughout the nineteenth century, the great majority of German-speakers leaving Europe travelled and migrated to North America, but some German-speakers had begun settling in both Argentina and Namibia well before the turn of the twentieth century. German-speaking merchants and missionaries started travelling to and settling in the South Atlantic in the 1820s. These South Atlantic German-speakers were influenced by the changing conditions in Europe: the increasing mobility of people and goods through the advancement of technology, and the increasing dominance of Nation-states on Western Europe’s political scene. After its founding in 1871, the German nation-state expanded its political reach with the German Empire’s increasing desire for power on the global market. After 1900 in particular, politically active Germans sought to compete against the increasing economic competition from the United States by attempting to redirect German-speaking migrants from their U.S. rival to areas they deemed more apt for continued German state aid and control. In this context, many Germans recognized German South-West Africa as the only territory suitable for large-scale German settlement. Meanwhile, German-speakers in Argentina became involved in marketing Argentina as the ideal destination for German-speaking migration and numerous publications praised it as the “land of the future.”German-speaking migration to the United States and Canada is well documented, whereas scholars have paid less attention to those migrants who went to Argentina and Namibia. Within the existing secondary literature, scholars have treated German-speakers in Argentina mostly as foreign migrants in an established republic, while conversely studying German-speakers in Namibia primarily within the context of German colonialism. I argue that it is historians who have created this division which overemphasizes the differences between the continents’ historically rendered trajectories, while hiding the connections and similarities from the viewpoint of nineteenth-century German-speaking migrants. I propose to study the everyday life experiences of nineteenth-century German-speakers on both sides of the South Atlantic within one single analytical field. I argue that even though the respective political circumstances varied, the everyday life experiences of these German-speakers on both sides of the South Atlantic were more similar than different. I analyze the writings and belief-systems of nineteenth-century contemporaries in order to overcome the dichotomy that historians have created as distinct and mutually exclusive types of global movement. What happened in the South Atlantic was “transnational colonization:” emerging nation-states were involved in the colonization process – Argentina in South America and Germany in Namibia – and civil servants helped further their growth. However, within these states, people who maintained a variety of European identities and origins, were active agents in the colonization process. My sources include texts produced by short- and long-term migrants, such as travel writings as well as community and government records currently held in archives in Germany, Argentina and Namibia
Martinez, Paul François. "Géopolitique de la Réunion." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081647.
Full textEwangue, Jean-Lucien. "L' économie de plantation et son impact au Cameroun sous administration française, 1916-1960." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070005.
Full textCameroon experienced a rapid growth in the domain of plantation economy in Africa during the period of colonisation. To assure the development of plantations in Cameroon, France as well as Germany used hard measures to force workers to work on these plantations. Plantations have been a catalyst of changes occurred within the Cameroonian societies during the colonial period. Thus, this study based on plantation economy in Cameroon under the French administration reveals the factors of ' modernity" and change that took place in the Cameroonian society during the period of colonisation. This research has equally brought out the divergences of situations and regional reactions
Jobert, Timothée. "Presse "blanche", champions "noirs" : les champions "noirs" au miroir de la presse sportive française (1901-1944)." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10231.
Full textCaru, Vanessa. "Le logement des travailleurs et la question sociale : Bombay (1850-1950)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070071.
Full textThis dissertation studies the making and evolution of a political question, namely workers housing, with Bombay as its case-study during the period 1850 to 1950. It examines how and why the British colonial authorities, and then the Congress party from the 1930s onwards, chose to make this issue the principal terrain on which social agitation was handled. It analyses the objectives pursued by the different policies concerning popular housing (construction programmes, rent control laws etc), as well as their concrete implementation (means of financing, principal agents, limits encountered, etc. ). The authorities intervention on this question encouraged the emergence of new demands and new modes of organisation by the workers, especially with the creation of tenants' unions. A large part of this work is dedicated to studying these mobilisations, and notably the role played by the unions and workers1 parties. This perspective aims to fill in some of the gaps in the analysis of forms and processes of politicisation of Indian workers, which hitherto has been limited to the sphere of work and to advance our understanding of the local implantation of certain political movements
Merrien, Nathalie. "La comédie humaine dans les romans indiens de John Masters." Rennes 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN20020.
Full textJohn Masters (1914-1983), who was born in Calcutta, is of the fifth generation of his family to have served in India. Masters retired from the army in 1948 as a lieutenant-colonel. He went to America and turned to writing. He wrote an outstanding series of novels set in British India including Night runners of Bengal (1951), The deceivers (1952), The lotus and the wind (1953), Bhowani junction (1954), Coromandel | (1955), Far, Far the mountain peak (1957), To the coral strand (1962) and The Ravi lancers (1972). The first member of the Savage family to reach India stepped ashore on The coral strand of Coromandel in 1628. From that date for 319 years, the Savages were bound to India by an ever-strengthening chain of event and emotion, of incident and accident, of power and sacrifice. This work shows how john masters wrote about the complex period of colonialism and how he managed to write very exiting stories in a simple language. All his novels deals with the specific events of the British in India and therefore are irreplaceable
Lebel, Sylvie. "Relations interculturelles entre les Atikamekw et les colons canadiens en Mauricie entre 1870 et 1910." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17762.
Full textLucas, Rémy. "Eloge du gris ? : Le mûlatre et ses représentations dans la littérature africaine lusographe à partir de la seconde moitié du XXème siècle." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20008.
Full textThe Portuguese’s miscegenation with the colonized people is the starting point of this work. From the postulate of the Portuguese’s particularity to the interbreeding (lusotropicalism) we wanted to question the different representations of the mulatto in the Portuguese Africa. The evolution of the notion of race, some historic indicators for each ex-colony in Africa permit understand the interbreeding in his geographical and linguistic particularity. The literature of lusophone Africa in the 50's develop the mulatto character. The novel and short stories of our corpus examine this changing and unsatisfied character, split into his black and white roots. A typology of the literary mulatto has been done and permit draw up an inventory of his representations. In order to refine the perception of the mulatto character, we analyse into details three novels : Llheu de Contenta de Teixera de Sousa, A Chaga de Castro Soromenho and Portagem from Orlando Mendes, as well as the narrative strategy (hal-breeding discourse). The literary mulatto turns out to be a character more in search of his whither father than a being divided in his double roots. The unrecognition of the father transforms him into a character cut off from the others and from himself
Leclercq, Sophie. "Les surréalistes face à la question coloniale : 1919-1962." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS024S.
Full textIn th 1920s and 1930s, as the colonial idea finally becomes consensual, the young surrealists are among the rare poets and writers to criticize imperialism, along with the French Communist Party who is elaborating its anticolonial programme. Fascinated by primitive arts, to which they try to identify, some of them elaborate a poetic of the "Savage" that echoes their criticism of colonialism and disrupts stereotypes. This cultural dimension given to their anticolonialism is quite unusual compared to the anticolonial positions of the time. In the 1940s, some of them discovered the Indian, Negro and revolutionary America, and get to meet the authors of the negritude and the indigenism movements who where denouncing the cultural alienation the surrealists condemned in the 1920s. With the independence movement and especially with the Algerian war, anticolonialism becam a shared position among left-wing intellectuals represented by Jean-Paul Sartre. But he "immediate evacuation of the colonies" these intellectuals were calling for had been requested by the surrealists in the 1920s already. Because of their radical and singular position condemning colonialism's principe and because of their avant-gardism lying at a crossroads between the political and the cultural realms, surrealists belong to the anticolonialist intellectuals' history
Palmieri, Tommaso. "Étude comparative de l’administration militaire de l’Italie et de la France au Fezzan libyen. : Un cas de modèle colonial en continuité (1930-1951)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3020/document.
Full textDesert Libya’s region of Fezzan presents an interesting case of a consecutive colonial military administration. A fascist italian period of ten years is followed by a french shortest-term direct administration of eight years. The research highlights the emergence to bridge an historical gap. In the framework of a comparative study, the main goal of the thesis is to investigate the development of the administrative changeover from fascist Italy to France in the region, illustrating the establishment of the double administration managed by soldiers of the two colonial powers, its impact toward the social regional structures and its elements of continuity and change. The period we take into consideration extends from 1930 to 1951, between the full realization of the italian colonization of Libya, through the so-called fascist “pacification”, and the transition process of the Independent Libyan State. This leads to explore a final understanding hypothesis, concerning the repercussion of this military continuum administration on the independence process of Libya
Il presente studio analizza lo sviluppo strutturale di una breve presenza coloniale, temporalmente consecutiva. Nel quadro di una ricerca di storia comparata, l’obiettivo è quello di descrivere il processo di instaurazione, esecuzione e governance di una duplice amministrazione coloniale europea: quella dell’Italia fascista e della Francia nel Fezzan libico. Si tratta anzitutto di precisare in che modo le zone desertiche del Sud libico divengono, progressivamente, un oggetto di contesa strategica tra le potenze imperiali, tali da rendere necessaria l’urgenza del ricorso ad una gestione amministrativa a carattere esclusivamente militare. Il nucleo centrale dell’elaborato indaga sulla maniera in cui dette strutture amministrative sono state concepite e messe in pratica da parte dei rispettivi militari impegnati sul posto, e il loro effettivo impatto sul tessuto sociale regionale. Nelle conclusioni, si evocano gli elementi di continuità e discontinuità tra le due esperienze; inoltre, tenuto conto del periodo storico preso in considerazione, compreso tra la piena realizzazione del colonialismo italiano in Libia e l’avvio del processo di transizione che porta il Paese nord africano verso l’indipendenza, si analizzano le conseguenze della gestione amministrativa in termini di costruzione identitaria dello Stato postcoloniale
Anafak, Lemofak Antoine Japhet. "La Belgique et l'Afrique centrale, diversification ou néocolonialisme? dynamique de la politique de coopération belge au Cameroun et dans ses anciennes colonies, 1960-1990." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210145.
Full textCette thèse insiste sur les éléments de mise en place et les fondements de la politique étrangère de la Belgique en Afrique centrale. Elle analyse sa présence depuis la colonisation du Congo, du Ruanda-Urundi et développe le processus de mutation de la Belgique dans la sous-région à la faveur des indépendances. Cette accession à la souveraineté des territoires leur attribuait le statut d’acteur de la communauté internationale. L’adaptation de la Belgique à cette nouvelle donne l’oblige à étendre son espace de captation d’intérêts par l’établissement des relations diplomatiques avec de nombreux pays de la région parmi lesquels le Cameroun. Le choix du Cameroun comme pays d'appui à la politique belge dans la région en dehors de ses colonies est le fait de nombreuses justifications que cette thèse démontre.
Ce travail insiste sur les rapports politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique notamment les éléments expliquant la coopération diplomatique et politique entre le Cameroun et la Belgique. Celle-ci était basée sur un soutien mutuel dans la lutte contre les mouvements rebelles procommunistes au Cameroun et au Congo dans les années 60. Cet ouvrage développe l'organisation de l’action conjointe de la Belgique et du Cameroun dans la lutte contre le communisme en Afrique centrale principalement au Congo en période de guerre froide, les éléments prouvant le soutien de la Belgique au Cameroun dans sa lutte contre les activistes nationalistes de l’UPC et réciproquement, les actions montrant la collaboration et la compréhension du Cameroun envers la Belgique dans la gestion des conflits d’après indépendance au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi.
De plus, cette thèse évoque la dynamique de la politique étrangère de la Belgique à partir de 1965 dans la région. Dans cette section marquée par l’arrivée de Mobutu au pouvoir et le coup d’Etat de Micombero au Burundi, ce travail détaille les éléments qui justifient le renforcement des relations politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique après 1965 par l’analyse du contexte national et international de mise en place de cette politique après 1967. Un contexte marqué par la réélection d’Ahmadou Ahidjo et le renforcement de son pouvoir et le départ du socialiste Paul-Henri Spaak, remplacé par le démocrate-chrétien Pierre Harmel. Ce dernier instaure une nouvelle politique dite de diversification et de distanciation envers le régime de Mobutu. Le constat est que cette diversification a profité au Cameroun, devenu progressivement un partenaire privilégié de la Belgique dans la région après la visite officielle d’Ahidjo de 1967 à Bruxelles.
Ce travail analyse les rapports qu’entretenaient la Belgique et le Cameroun dans les organisations internationales en rapport avec la situation interne de son pré-carré d’Afrique centrale, notamment les circonstances du soutien de la candidature du Zaïre à l’entrée dans l’Union Douanière et Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UDEAC) et plus tard dans la création de l’Union Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UEAC) en 1969. Le soutien mutuel des candidatures belges et camerounaises dans les instances internationales à partir des années septante, les incidences de l’entrée du Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et l’Irlande du Nord au sein de la Communauté Economique Européenne (la convention de Lomé I) sur la politique étrangère belge menée par Renaat Van Elslande, les implications de la zaïrianisation sur les relations belgo-zaïroises, l’arrivée au pouvoir de Juvénal Habyarimana au Rwanda et la renégociation des accords d’indépendance entre le Cameroun et la France. La Belgique et ces pays souhaitaient une approche plus consensuelle des grandes questions internationales, notamment le nouvel ordre économique international, le conflit du proche orient, la question de la décolonisation des territoires portugais d’Afrique centrale, la généralisation des conflits armés et des assassinats politiques.
La présence militaire belge en Afrique centrale est un fait colonial. Un rappel nécessaire de cette présence militaire depuis la période coloniale nous a permis de nous interroger sur la gestion difficile du devenir de ces soldats après les indépendances du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi, notamment pendant la crise Katangaise. Ces difficultés rencontrées au Congo poussent la Belgique à trouver des dérivatifs pour se désengager militairement au Ruanda-Urundi après l’indépendance en 1962. La visite officielle de juin 1967 d’Ahmadou Ahidjo en Belgique marque le début d’une intense coopération militaire entre la Belgique et le Cameroun. Les deux pays coopèrent pour la livraison du matériel de guerre par la Fabrique d’Herstal à Liège, et dans la formation les officiers camerounais en Belgique. Plusieurs facteurs justifiant cette coopération avec le Cameroun sont énumérés dans cette thèse. De plus, ce travail retrace l’implication de la Belgique dans les guerres du Shaba et ses initiatives en faveur d’une paix globale dans la région autour les années 80.
Le troisième grand axe de cette thèse développe la présence de la Belgique en Afrique centrale dans le cadre de la Communauté Economique Européenne. Après avoir expliqué l'historique et l'évolution du FED, nous avons exploré le poids de la présence belge au sein du Fond Européen de Développement par rapport à la France et les autres Etats de la CEE pour constater sa faiblesse dans cette institution contrôlée par la France l’Allemagne. Ce qui justifie son choix de renforcer la coopération bilatérale dans la région. Enfin, ce thèse insiste sur ces relations économiques bilatérales de la Belgique en Afrique centrale, principalement au Cameroun en comparaison avec les anciennes colonies pour voir l'influence de la Belgique au Cameroun, au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi depuis les indépendances jusqu'aux années nonante.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Baranska, Evelyne. "L' héritage britannique à Chypre et la question des droits de l'homme." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070016.
Full textThe object of this thesis has been to assess the British heritage on the island, i,e. To study whether the present situation in Cyprus may be seen in terms of continuity of the British past or whether on the contrary it is a departure from the British tradition. 1960 was the year that marked the end of the physical presence of the British. The main focus is on the role that the British have played in the history of Cyprus in the context of human rights. In order to facilitate the reader's understanding of the problematic, three approaches have been adopted: a historical approach, a "British" approach and an anthropological approach. An effort was made to show the connection between the legacy and the political and legal situation of Cyprus today. Is it relevant to say that the former owner still has rights on the island today? A large part of this thesis has been devoted to the study of the present social, economic and cultural relations between Cyprus and the United Kingdom, Britain's contributions to Cyprus and the impact it has on the Cyprus problem. Being one of the guarantor powers the United Kingdom maintains sovereign military bases (Sovereign Base Areas) on the island which play an indirect but major role in the island's affairs. Special attention has been devoted to the analysis of their status and the rights the British acquired after 1960 and to the post-1974 period, the consequences of the Turkish invasion as well as the question of the violation of the human rights, in particular the question of the exploitation of Greek Cypriots' properties in the occupied part of the island. How is the British heritage linked to the violations of human rights?
Racine, Maryliz, and Maryliz Racine. "Le passage à l'ère post-westphalienne : les politiques européennes et impériales de la France pendant la IVe République (1944-1958)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37881.
Full text"Thèse en cotutelle : Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Philosophiæ doctor (Ph. D.) et Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France"
Ravagée par la guerre et occupée pendant plusieurs années, la France a été le théâtre de changements majeurs dans la manière dont ses dirigeants ont appréhendé son avenir au sein du Concert des Nations. Ces derniers étaient conscients de l’importance qu’a eue l’empire entre 1940 et 1945 et le rôle central qu’il avait pour le rétablissement de la légitimité du pays en tant que Puissance mondiale. Dans le domaine économique, les colonies étaient conçues comme un apport essentiel au relèvement de la France et pour sa prospérité. Les décideurs français ont ainsi consolidé les liens entre la métropole française et ses colonies pour fonder une politique impériale sur les principes du républicanisme selon lesquels la République était « une et indivisible ». Les hommes politiques français ont raffermi l’emprise de la France sur leurs territoires d’outre-mer par la création de l’Union française et ont donné un second souffle à la constitution d’un État-Empire, un projet entamé dans les années 1930. La dernière phase d’expansion de l’empire du dix-neuvième siècle faisait place alors depuis les années 1920 et 1930 à une logique de développement et de mise en branle des projets coloniaux de manière à créer un empire qui pouvait constituer un ensemble cohérent. La poursuite de cette logique du mythe colonial français après 1945 a eu pour effet de modifier l’identité de la France en tant qu’acteur du système international. La France n’était plus perçue par ses agents sub-étatiques comme un simple État possédant des colonies, mais bien comme une nouvelle entité dans laquelle ses excroissances dans l’outre-mer faisaient dorénavant partie intégrante de l’État et contribuaient à forger un avenir, qui était dès lors inextricablement partagé. Le bien-fondé de la mission civilisatrice de la France se traduisait dans cette période par un sentiment de devoir envers les territoires d’outre-mer ; le devoir de les amener au développement économique moderne et à un stade civilisationnel supérieur. Ces mêmes convictions ont conduit les gouvernements français à envisager une autre issue à cette relation que celle de l’indépendance totale, encouragée par les mouvements de décolonisation. Cette nouvelle identité a des effets tangibles sur la conception et l’engagement des décideurs et les haut-fonctionnaires français dans les projets destinés à rapprocher les économies européennes et dans la poursuite de l’intégration européenne. Dans le cas de la CECA, puisque cette institution sectorielle avait peu d’impacts sur la production d’outre-mer, on envisageait les bénéfices à une association entre les continents européen et africain comme marginaux. Cependant, le facteur colonial devenait de plus en plus influent dans les prises de décisions effectuées par les haut-fonctionnaires et analystes français du ministère des Affaires étrangères. Il a d’ailleurs constitué l’un des points d’achoppement dans les négociations de la mise en place d’une armée européenne, car l’article 38 du Traité instituant la CED ne prévoyait pas de mesures permettant à la France de conserver les moyens de poursuivre ses opérations de pacification dans l’empire ainsi que la guerre d’Indochine. C’est en ce sens qu’après l’échec de la CED le gouvernement français sous le leadership d’Edgar Faure a entrepris de mener des réformes de manière à trouver une solution durable au dilemme de la vocation européenne ou mondiale de la France. Des réformes politiques et économiques majeures étaient envisagées afin de transformer l’Union française en une association fédérale franco-africaine librement consentie. L’ensemble français ne pouvait donc plus être intégré partiellement à des initiatives européennes, car cela contreviendrait aux principes républicains renforcés par les réformes. Dans le contexte de la « relance européenne », le gouvernement sous Guy Mollet proposait de lier le marché commun européen aux territoires d’outre-mer, ce qui aurait permis l’ouverture des marchés africains aux échanges européens. Intégrées dans cette Eurafrique, les colonies auraient ainsi vu les bénéfices de conserver le lien politique avec la France. Cette thèse analyse la manière dont la souveraineté était comprise et imaginée par les dirigeants français pendant la construction européenne et lors du remodelage de leurs liens avec les anciennes colonies. Sans nier la portée de la souveraineté dans le cadre de l’existence d’un État, elle fut appelée à être modifiée ; ses éléments constitutifs furent repensés au profit d’une forme étatique supranationale. L’étude de ce nouveau modèle des relations internationales sera étendue aux alternatives que les dirigeants français ont proposées aux colonies africaines. Ces derniers les poussaient à dépasser le stade du nationalisme pour adhérer à un modèle étatique jugé supérieur : un stade post-westphalien dans lequel leurs revendications indépendantistes seraient caduques.
Ravagée par la guerre et occupée pendant plusieurs années, la France a été le théâtre de changements majeurs dans la manière dont ses dirigeants ont appréhendé son avenir au sein du Concert des Nations. Ces derniers étaient conscients de l’importance qu’a eue l’empire entre 1940 et 1945 et le rôle central qu’il avait pour le rétablissement de la légitimité du pays en tant que Puissance mondiale. Dans le domaine économique, les colonies étaient conçues comme un apport essentiel au relèvement de la France et pour sa prospérité. Les décideurs français ont ainsi consolidé les liens entre la métropole française et ses colonies pour fonder une politique impériale sur les principes du républicanisme selon lesquels la République était « une et indivisible ». Les hommes politiques français ont raffermi l’emprise de la France sur leurs territoires d’outre-mer par la création de l’Union française et ont donné un second souffle à la constitution d’un État-Empire, un projet entamé dans les années 1930. La dernière phase d’expansion de l’empire du dix-neuvième siècle faisait place alors depuis les années 1920 et 1930 à une logique de développement et de mise en branle des projets coloniaux de manière à créer un empire qui pouvait constituer un ensemble cohérent. La poursuite de cette logique du mythe colonial français après 1945 a eu pour effet de modifier l’identité de la France en tant qu’acteur du système international. La France n’était plus perçue par ses agents sub-étatiques comme un simple État possédant des colonies, mais bien comme une nouvelle entité dans laquelle ses excroissances dans l’outre-mer faisaient dorénavant partie intégrante de l’État et contribuaient à forger un avenir, qui était dès lors inextricablement partagé. Le bien-fondé de la mission civilisatrice de la France se traduisait dans cette période par un sentiment de devoir envers les territoires d’outre-mer ; le devoir de les amener au développement économique moderne et à un stade civilisationnel supérieur. Ces mêmes convictions ont conduit les gouvernements français à envisager une autre issue à cette relation que celle de l’indépendance totale, encouragée par les mouvements de décolonisation. Cette nouvelle identité a des effets tangibles sur la conception et l’engagement des décideurs et les haut-fonctionnaires français dans les projets destinés à rapprocher les économies européennes et dans la poursuite de l’intégration européenne. Dans le cas de la CECA, puisque cette institution sectorielle avait peu d’impacts sur la production d’outre-mer, on envisageait les bénéfices à une association entre les continents européen et africain comme marginaux. Cependant, le facteur colonial devenait de plus en plus influent dans les prises de décisions effectuées par les haut-fonctionnaires et analystes français du ministère des Affaires étrangères. Il a d’ailleurs constitué l’un des points d’achoppement dans les négociations de la mise en place d’une armée européenne, car l’article 38 du Traité instituant la CED ne prévoyait pas de mesures permettant à la France de conserver les moyens de poursuivre ses opérations de pacification dans l’empire ainsi que la guerre d’Indochine. C’est en ce sens qu’après l’échec de la CED le gouvernement français sous le leadership d’Edgar Faure a entrepris de mener des réformes de manière à trouver une solution durable au dilemme de la vocation européenne ou mondiale de la France. Des réformes politiques et économiques majeures étaient envisagées afin de transformer l’Union française en une association fédérale franco-africaine librement consentie. L’ensemble français ne pouvait donc plus être intégré partiellement à des initiatives européennes, car cela contreviendrait aux principes républicains renforcés par les réformes. Dans le contexte de la « relance européenne », le gouvernement sous Guy Mollet proposait de lier le marché commun européen aux territoires d’outre-mer, ce qui aurait permis l’ouverture des marchés africains aux échanges européens. Intégrées dans cette Eurafrique, les colonies auraient ainsi vu les bénéfices de conserver le lien politique avec la France. Cette thèse analyse la manière dont la souveraineté était comprise et imaginée par les dirigeants français pendant la construction européenne et lors du remodelage de leurs liens avec les anciennes colonies. Sans nier la portée de la souveraineté dans le cadre de l’existence d’un État, elle fut appelée à être modifiée ; ses éléments constitutifs furent repensés au profit d’une forme étatique supranationale. L’étude de ce nouveau modèle des relations internationales sera étendue aux alternatives que les dirigeants français ont proposées aux colonies africaines. Ces derniers les poussaient à dépasser le stade du nationalisme pour adhérer à un modèle étatique jugé supérieur : un stade post-westphalien dans lequel leurs revendications indépendantistes seraient caduques.
Ravaged by years of occupation, France witnessed major changes in policymakers’ vision of the country’s future and of French interests and aims. They were aware of the importance of the empire during the war and the role it would play after the war in the restoration of France’s international legitimacy as a Great Power. Colonies were also conceived as an essential element of France’s revival and of its long-term prosperity. French decision-makers thus sought to strengthen links between the French metropole and its colonies in order to reassess its imperial identity, which was founded on republican principles. These politicians stiffened France’s hold on its overseas territories with the implementation of the Union française and gave a second wind to the achievement of a State-Empire. The nineteenth century expansionary phase of the French empire had given way to another phase of imperialism in which development and progress of the overseas territories were at its core. The continuation of the colonial myth had profoundly modified French identity as a key player of the international system. France was no longer seen by its sub-national agents as a simple State holding colonies, but as a new form of statehood; an entity in which its overseas territories was now a constituent part of it and contributed to forging new perspective for their shared future. This new identity had a significant influence on how interests within the international system and particularly in Europe were pursued, especially within the European integration projects. Decisions makers in the French Fourth Republic evaluated their potential gains and preferences, first of all, through the lens of an Imperial Power. In other words, France’s political and economic elite had first examined the inherent implications of the upholding of their pre-1940 empire on France’s economic and geo-strategic needs, in the shifting context of early Cold War. Pro-European projects were therefore analyzed and weighed in regard to their costs and benefits, in the light of a new grid. Decision makers were influenced by the bien-fondé of French colonialism, based on the sentiment that France had a duty towards overseas territories; a duty of guiding them towards progress and civilization. It is with those considerations in mind that the French governments envisaged another solution to the question of its relationship with its colonies than total independence. The French stance on the European federal project was thus influenced by the introduction of a new variable in the equation of early European integration: the facteur colonial. In the early European integration process, it was considered marginal because of the sectoral approach of the ECSC. Although, the imperial identity was more and more apparent in the interests and policies pursued by the French government during the EDC debate. The introduction of a European army did not ensure France either the possibility of pursuing its peacekeeping operations in the overseas territories or the Indochina War. After the defeat of the EDC project in the French parliament, the government under the leadership of Edgar Faure envisioned a new set of reforms (political, administrative, and economic), which would transform the Union française into a consensual Franco-African federal political association. From this perspective, the ensemble français could not anymore be introduced partially within the European projects promoted in the wake of the « European revival ». Under Guy Mollet’s government, a plan to establish supranational structures in their former colonies and in Europe was formulated so that free trade between the two continents could be established. With the economic benefits anticipated for the overseas territories, this Eurafrican project would have proved to African representatives that their interests lay in maintaining the political link between their territories and France. Accordingly, this thesis argues that French leaders questioned the international relations framework based on the nation-state as the central entity of the international system in order to conciliate their ambitions in Europe and as a State-Empire. These two projects – Franco- African association and European integration ̶ shared common characteristics and conceptual origins: supranationalism. French officials and policy-makers promoted a federal Eurafrican project to avoid the process of decolonization and create a political structure that would defuse difficult and pressing colonial issues. The former French colonies were asked to pass from the status of colonized territories to constituents of a supranational structure. The French decision makers pushed the overseas territories to transcend the stage of nationalism to reach an advanced statehood model: a post-Westphalian stage in which their demands for total independence would be obsolete.
Ravaged by years of occupation, France witnessed major changes in policymakers’ vision of the country’s future and of French interests and aims. They were aware of the importance of the empire during the war and the role it would play after the war in the restoration of France’s international legitimacy as a Great Power. Colonies were also conceived as an essential element of France’s revival and of its long-term prosperity. French decision-makers thus sought to strengthen links between the French metropole and its colonies in order to reassess its imperial identity, which was founded on republican principles. These politicians stiffened France’s hold on its overseas territories with the implementation of the Union française and gave a second wind to the achievement of a State-Empire. The nineteenth century expansionary phase of the French empire had given way to another phase of imperialism in which development and progress of the overseas territories were at its core. The continuation of the colonial myth had profoundly modified French identity as a key player of the international system. France was no longer seen by its sub-national agents as a simple State holding colonies, but as a new form of statehood; an entity in which its overseas territories was now a constituent part of it and contributed to forging new perspective for their shared future. This new identity had a significant influence on how interests within the international system and particularly in Europe were pursued, especially within the European integration projects. Decisions makers in the French Fourth Republic evaluated their potential gains and preferences, first of all, through the lens of an Imperial Power. In other words, France’s political and economic elite had first examined the inherent implications of the upholding of their pre-1940 empire on France’s economic and geo-strategic needs, in the shifting context of early Cold War. Pro-European projects were therefore analyzed and weighed in regard to their costs and benefits, in the light of a new grid. Decision makers were influenced by the bien-fondé of French colonialism, based on the sentiment that France had a duty towards overseas territories; a duty of guiding them towards progress and civilization. It is with those considerations in mind that the French governments envisaged another solution to the question of its relationship with its colonies than total independence. The French stance on the European federal project was thus influenced by the introduction of a new variable in the equation of early European integration: the facteur colonial. In the early European integration process, it was considered marginal because of the sectoral approach of the ECSC. Although, the imperial identity was more and more apparent in the interests and policies pursued by the French government during the EDC debate. The introduction of a European army did not ensure France either the possibility of pursuing its peacekeeping operations in the overseas territories or the Indochina War. After the defeat of the EDC project in the French parliament, the government under the leadership of Edgar Faure envisioned a new set of reforms (political, administrative, and economic), which would transform the Union française into a consensual Franco-African federal political association. From this perspective, the ensemble français could not anymore be introduced partially within the European projects promoted in the wake of the « European revival ». Under Guy Mollet’s government, a plan to establish supranational structures in their former colonies and in Europe was formulated so that free trade between the two continents could be established. With the economic benefits anticipated for the overseas territories, this Eurafrican project would have proved to African representatives that their interests lay in maintaining the political link between their territories and France. Accordingly, this thesis argues that French leaders questioned the international relations framework based on the nation-state as the central entity of the international system in order to conciliate their ambitions in Europe and as a State-Empire. These two projects – Franco- African association and European integration ̶ shared common characteristics and conceptual origins: supranationalism. French officials and policy-makers promoted a federal Eurafrican project to avoid the process of decolonization and create a political structure that would defuse difficult and pressing colonial issues. The former French colonies were asked to pass from the status of colonized territories to constituents of a supranational structure. The French decision makers pushed the overseas territories to transcend the stage of nationalism to reach an advanced statehood model: a post-Westphalian stage in which their demands for total independence would be obsolete.
Résumé en espagnol
Résumé en espagnol
Grogan-Lynch, Molly. "Poétiques de résistance, littératures d'opposition : une mise en perspective de l'écriture oralisée dans les œuvres de Bernard Dadié et de Patrick Chamoiseau." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040051.
Full textBarro, Mamadou. "Le droit matrimonial en Côte d'Ivoire 1901-2012. Entre unification législative et résistances coutumières." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0002/document.
Full textThe inefficiency of the positive law in Africa is considered as one of the underlying reasons of its underdevelopment and/or of its development malaise. The state of lawlessness that prevails in Côte d’Ivoire in marriage-related issues appears to be the case in point, being one of the most instructive and globalizing within the correlations between legal order and development in its widest sense. As a matter of fact, like in all of the former French colonies of French West Africa block, Côte d’Ivoire’s legal (at least, in a positivist sense) system is a product of its colonial past. Therefore, the legal systems in all these young African states are naturally inspired by the French law, through the channel of colonial law. However, Côte d’Ivoire’s solution differs from most of those of its fellow regional states. The new Ivorian government opted for an outright alignment of their law and the legal system with that of the former colonizer. For the civil law, this translated into the adoption of the French Code of 1804, taken for a token of development and social revolution, at the expense of countless civil customs considered to be incompatible with the new constitutional order and nation-building. Out of this political will of assimilation and legal unification - that has been ongoing in Côte d’Ivoire since independence - was born a true conflict of norms. On the one hand, a state law, especially in matrimonial matters, is prevalent but still strives to take root. On the other hand, civil customs that are still attractive bite into the credibility of the official law
Metzger, Chantal. "L'Empire colonial français dans la stratégie du Troisième Reich : 1936-1945." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040178.
Full textVannini, Geneviève. "Les CEMEA et leur action en Europe et en Afrique de 1937 à la fin du XXe siècle. Une contribution originale à la diffusion de l'éducation nouvelle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040007.
Full textThe Centres d’entraînement aux méthodes d’éducation active (CEMEA) were created in 1937 as ananswer to the severe lack of managerial staff for children's holiday camps, and quickly enjoyed aconsiderable expansion. Driven by enthusiasm and a steadfast faith in the new educational methods, themany activists of this important association develop a rich and diversified activity throughout the XXthcentury in all fields regarding education, and largely expand their influence beyond the French borders.CEMEA associations are initially created in Europe, then in the French Overseas departments andterritories and in Africa, and thus constitute efficient intermediaries for the promotion of new pedagogicalmethods. The active educational method of holiday camp supervisors, whose guidelines are laid down in1937, remains the basis of all educational action. Although the training courses for leaders of holidaycentres still represent a large sector of activities until now, social work and actions towards young peoplein difficulty are increasing, in Europe as well as in Africa or in the Overseas departments and territories.The CEMEA, who integrate themselves in wide-ranging development plans, elaborate long-term trainingprogrammes in many countries. The many international activities reflect the educational undertakingsconducted in France. But the complexity of the various institutional, political, economical, and culturalframeworks they are part of compel the CEMEA to give regular precisions on the underlying principlesof their action
Cornu, François. "L'Afrique dans l'oeuvre d'Elspeth Huxley." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA1005.
Full textBoulafrad-Abudura, Fatiha. "Topique colonialiste et contre-topique dans la "trilogie Algérie" de Mohammed Dib." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30031.
Full textIn this trilogie "ALGERIE", Mohammed DIB, french_speacking_Algerian writer invests the colonialist topics in order to assert a think as negate it. He asserts in order to use it and work it on again in bi-cultural language : Arabic and French. The colonialist topics are thus emptied then reloaded by a transversal rhethorical effect partaking together of a western irony and an Arabic stylistics called el adhad