Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Colonies françaises – Afrique – 20e siècle'
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N'Dombi, Pierre. "L'administration publique de l'Afrique équatoriale française de 1920 à 1956 : histoire d'un Etat providence colonial." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10018.
Full textAfter the 1914-1918 war, some politicians condemned the colonial policy of france for having made the development of colonies dependent on their individual financial means alone. Faced with the deficiencies of private capital, the government of france undertook the economic tooling of french equatorial africa through administrative intervention. However, the state played only a complementary role : it established conditions favourable for development without creating it directly. The public administration ordered studies the put the results to private entrepreneurs. To alleviate the economic crises from 1930 to 1952 it granted tax exemptions, bonuses and subsidies, and controled transportation networks. This thesis analyses the 1920 to 1956 involvement of the public administration acting as a colonial welfare state in economic and social fieds in french equatorial africa
Tchikaya, Odile. "Le contrôle de la main d'oeuvre dans les colonies françaises au XXe siècle : l'exemple de l'A.E.F. de la première guerre mondiale à l'aube des indépendances (1914-1960)." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0031.
Full textAfter the First world War, the France has significant economic difficulties. It is necessary to rebuild the devastated metropolis but there is not enough financial means. Because of these economic difficulties was born a politic of exploitation of the French colonies, including those of A. E. F. (French Equatorial Africa) territory, (Gabon, Middle Congo, Oubangui-Chari and Chad) inducing their development. On April 21, 1921, the Minister of colonies, Albert Sarraut, filed a Bill to that effect. This extensive development programme requires a large labour force. However, the colonial administration faces demographic weakness of the territory which increases with the practice of forced labour, forcing workers to flee the work sites. To resolve these difficulties, the colonial administration applies the Decree of May 4, 1922, establishing the system of indigenous labor which the control is provided by a specialized institution, created by order of 24 July 1936: «inspectorate of work and indigenous workforce". Intervened belatedly, it fails to fulfill its primary mission: "the control of the application of labor legislation". The paralysis of the exploitation of workforce policy led the Government to abolish the forced or compulsory labor by the Act of April 11, 1946 in overseas territories. In addition, for the effectiveness of the control of the workforce, by the Decree of August 24, 1946, it puts inspectorate of work under "direct authority" of the Governor General, allowing it to exercise its missions independently. The efforts of the administration are not sufficient. Influenced by the trade unions and political parties, workers of the colonies want the establishment of a genuine Code of work. That’s why, on October 17, 1947 is promulgated the Code work in the territories of overseas called "Code Moutet". However, the Code is inadequate to the colonies and its provisions are very inadequate. It will therefore not applied. However, the requirement of a legal framework adapted to work overseas relations is asserted by African parliamentarians who want a social legislation, in accordance with the colonial realities. As a result, on December 15, 1952 is adopted the "Code of the work of the overseas territories", largely inspired by the Metropolitan legislation. The Code is "guarantor of social peace. " Nevertheless, it is adopted shortly before the framework law of 23 June 1956 that allows colonies to be more autonomous with respect to the metropolis. Thus at the dawn of independence, each colony of A. E. F. Develops its own institutions in order to organize work through principles of social cohesion and freedom
Goeh-Akué, N'buéké Adovi. "Finances publiques et dynamique sociale en Afrique Noire sous influence française : le cas du Togo (1920-1980)." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070109.
Full textNsoudou, Carine. "L' émergence de cultures politiques au Cameroun (1918-1961) : étude comparée des zones sous administration française et britannique." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010696.
Full textRidha, Shili. "Milieux d'affaires et activité minière coloniale : les mécanismes de l'emprise des structures : (le cas de quelques mines du Centre-Ouest tunisien 1900-1956)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA01A002.
Full textOuld, M'Bareck Sleimane. "Chaikh Sidiyya Baba et les élites musulmanes maures face à la pénétration coloniale française 1900-1924." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20020.
Full textDefinitly the time of the chaikh-s is not ready to be gone by yet and studying the modern (contemporaneous) history of Mauritania is impossible if one ignores all about the Sidiyya Family. The islamic religion and its dignitries had widely overwhelmed the discussion during the colonial period. In Mauritania, a certain family had been singularized by the political, intellectual and religeous wisdom of its leaders, in particular Chaikh Sidiyya Baba. His involvement in the colonization of Mauritanie has provided us an opportunity to have a view on islamic elite of moorish origin in Mauritania. Resistence, collaboration or accomodation are mentionned here one next to the other. This work tries to understand the question of the relationshps between muslim and non-muslim lands white giving a prospect on those between the cohabitation between Islam and the West today
Deville-Danthu, Bernadette. "Education physique, sport, colonisation et décolonisation dans les anciens territoires français d'Afrique occidentale : 1920-1965." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10019.
Full textMorando, Laurent. "Les instituts coloniaux et l'Afrique : 1893-1940 : ambitions nationales, réussites locales." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10062.
Full textMindemon, Kolandi Laorewa. "Histoire économique du Tchad, 1924-1960." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010674.
Full textOuattara, Katiénéffooua Adama. "Autorités politiques précoloniales et États : le cas des chefs Koya de Mankono dans le Nord-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire (1888-2001)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010588.
Full textProfizi, Vanina. "De l'île à l'Empire : colonisation et construction de l'identité nationale : les Corses, la nation et l'empire colonial français XIXe-XXe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0031.
Full textCorsica is by a high level of emigration throughout its history. Numerous agents and officials of French colonisation originate from the island. This contributed to get the Corsican involved into French identity, despite their late, brutal and incomplete integration to the metropolis. Decolonization induced major economic, political and social changes, and contributed to a reappraisal of Corsica's belonging to France since the 1960ies. After being enthusiastic supporters of the French colonial project, Corsicans are presented as being put under a political, economic and cultural tutelage similar to the colonial process. The colonial nature of Corsica's relationship with France is thus to be questioned. This work describes colonial migration: its organisation, its apprehension and its social consequences in Corsica as well as in the Empire: It also evaluates the impact of decolonization on this system by studying the remaining presence of Corsicans in former French colonies, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, and by considering the responsibility of imperial dismantlement in the phenomenon of political and social instability characterising Corsica since the 1960's
Ewangue, Jean-Lucien. "L' économie de plantation et son impact au Cameroun sous administration française, 1916-1960." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070005.
Full textCameroon experienced a rapid growth in the domain of plantation economy in Africa during the period of colonisation. To assure the development of plantations in Cameroon, France as well as Germany used hard measures to force workers to work on these plantations. Plantations have been a catalyst of changes occurred within the Cameroonian societies during the colonial period. Thus, this study based on plantation economy in Cameroon under the French administration reveals the factors of ' modernity" and change that took place in the Cameroonian society during the period of colonisation. This research has equally brought out the divergences of situations and regional reactions
Agrour, Rachid. "Le mouvement hibiste et les tribus berbères de l'Anti-Atlas : une histoire de la périphérie (sud-ouest marocain) face au pouvoir central (1910-1934)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010566.
Full textHuillery, Elise. "Histoire coloniale : développement et inégalités dans l'ancienne Afrique occidentale française." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0111.
Full textThis PhD dissertation uses first-hand historical data on colonial French West Africa. First, I focus on the costs and benefits of colonial experience for France and its former colonies. I review the existing literature and show that evidence on whether colonialism was a costly or beneficiary experience for France is not clear yet. Then I provide an answer on the direct cost of French West Africa for French public expenses: this cost turns out to be very small -on average 0. 1 % of all public expenses. Few public investments were made during colonial times and almost all of them were financed by local population itself. Using econometrics, the thesis then seeks to provide evidence on the long term impact of colonial experience on current performances. I show that early colonial public investments m education, health and public works had large and persistent effects on current outcomes, and that a major channel for the long term effect of early investments is a strong persistence of investments: regions that got more of a specific type of investment at the early colonial times continued to get more of this particular type of investment. Finally, I give evidence that Europeans tended to settle in more prosperous pre-colonial areas and that the European settlement had a strong positive impact on current outcomes. I argue that the African hostility towards colonial power to colonisation provides a random variation in European settlement. Despite, the absence of a "reversal of fortune" within former French West Africa, some of the most prosperous pre-colonial areas lost their advantage because of their hostility: other areas caught up and became the new leaders in the region
Gwet, Ghislaine Ariane. "L'école au Cameroun pendant les périodes coloniales allemande et française et leur retombée sur la situation actuelle." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0008.
Full textThis thesis deals with the school issue in Cameroon during the German and French colonial periods, as well as their impact on the current situation. This is a thorough analysis of the place and forms of education in Cameroon under the German and French colonial yokes. It takes into account the different political objectives and conceptions of man, specific to each of the two colonial powers. It specifically underlines feminine education in each part of this work. The comparative analysis of the German and French colonial educational systems highlights the differences and similarities between the both educational policies and their concrete applications. Our work is not restricted to this comparative approach but goes beyond this. It shows that the educational system in Cameroon is now essentially marked by the French colonial past, whereas the remains of German colonization academically are almost absent
Locret-Le, Bayon Sylvie. "Les femmes françaises et la colonisation : étude de leur présence sociale." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE2024.
Full textGendry, Thaïs. "Le droit de tuer, La peine de mort au service de l’ordre colonial en Afrique occidentale française, 1900-1950." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0059.
Full textThe justice handed out in the French colonies of West Africa is not a by-product of French metropolitan justice. Oblivious to the separation of power, while being authoritarian and racialized, it is a distinctive way of organizing the right to punish and the right to kill. The death penalty has a scarce historiography in the French empire. It is also marginal in studies pertaining to colonial tools of power, law and order. Yet, it is the culmination of a process central to the establishment and maintenance of colonial domination: the separation between a legitimate right to kill and other types of illegitimate lethal violence. This dissertation explores the role played by the death penalty in the context of French West Africa between 1900 and 1950.The death penalty is analysed as a space where the fundamentals of colonial policies are deployed. Condemnation and executions generate and circulate colonial discourses about African behaviour, giving rise to criminal and enemy figures that ought to be eliminated. The staging of legitimate violence, within courts and by firing squads, continuously re-enacts divisions of power, of status (citizen/subject), of race and culture—the very pillars of the colonial order
Lambert, David. "Le monde des prépondérants : les notables français de Tunisie et du Maroc de la fin du XIXe siècle jusqu'en 1939." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010553.
Full textCamenen, Damien. "Nehru et la décolonisation française (1947-1962)." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3027.
Full textHourst, Duvoux Marie Christine. "Les explorations du Commandant Hourst en Afrique et en Chine aux XIXème et XXème siècles." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT5015.
Full textFlory, Céline. "La liberté forcée : politiques impériales et expériences de travail dans l'Atlantique au XIXème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0135.
Full textAfter April 27th 1848, when slavery in the French colonies was permanently abolished, colonial administrators add planters attempted to reorganize colonial labor by introducing foreign contract workers. The Ministry of the Navy and colonies, responding to their requests, established a state-funded system to import indentured laborers. Thus, between 1854 and 1862, more than 21,000 men, women and children were recruited along the coast of West Africa to go to work ID French Guiana and French West Indies. This migration consisted of two distinct flows. First, between 1854 and 1856, recruitment was done among free African populations, and second, between 1857 and 1862, where recruitment was carried out in populations with captive status with a method called repurchase. By this method, French private merchants purchased captives, in order to "free" them by imposing on them a ten-year contract of indenture to be implemented on the other side of the Atlantic. 93% of these immigrants were thus recruited and indentured. This study examines the legal and ideological discourses held by the colonial actors to legitimize these forms of immigrations and focuses on the practices in place to recruit, transport and put to work the indentured workforce. It also treats the experiences of migration and work of African immigrants, who, for the vast majority of them, settled in their place of arrival
Treiber, Caroline. "Les pratiques administratives au Maroc pendant le Protectorat (1912-1956)." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA084122.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to highlight, through the study of administrative practices, ambivalences and contradictions that have heavily influenced the practice of colonial rule in Morocco. The challenge is not to re-open the trial of the protectorate, but to analyse the trajectory of colonial administration, its ability to implement the reforms and the future of the protectorate's main principles at its contact. In the first part, an institutional study of the protectorate captures the establishment of the administration thought to be the support of colonial domination. The study is accompanied by an analysis of "lyautéisme" which describes itself as the embodiment of the concept of a protectorate, but is in fact is ideological expression. The second part of this work, devoted to the study of the implementation of the franco-moroccan cooperation policy, reveals that in the decision process, the protectorate system is more related to a form of subjection than a cooperation. It is clear that the colonial administration tends to exclude indigenous from decision poles while it exploits the native chiefs to ensure its grip on society. The objective of the third part is to demonstrate that the protectorate, faced with the need to legitimize the french presence in Morocco, has been unable to achieve the various tasks he was assigned. Moralisation of makhzen administration, modernization of Moroccan justice, and moral and material security, who where considered the essential elements of the conquest of the "protégés", are not guaranteed and these failures reveal all the ambiguities of the protectorate
Kiamba, Claude-Ernest. "Construction de l'État et politiques de l'enseignement au Congo de 1911 à 1997 : une contribution à l'analyse de l'action publique en Afrique noire." Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40017.
Full textPolitical science has traditionally focused on issues pertaining to the study of regimes, political elites, institutions and power, discriminating against analyses of the "day to day" functioning of the State, that is, what the State does or does not do. Yet a great number of scholars consider that political analysis should unfold within a more dynamic envisioning of the State-society relationship so as to foster the knowledge of the State while using new problematiques. This thesis attempts to understand the process of State construction in Congo not from a previous conventional perspective but rather from a thorough analysis of policy-oriented strategies of local political actors in the course of implementing the national education agenda. It aims at showing capacities often used by those actors in creating legal rational mechanisms sustaining State modernization via realistic public policies, how they operate in selecting those policies, which are alternatives offered to them, issues arisen and resources mobilized in the course of implementation, and how they impact the process of State construction. Sequencing and interactionist approaches are useful in understanding various educational programs set against the backdrop of State construction from 1911 (When schooling was officially instituted) to 1997 (at the outbreak of the second Congolese civil war)
Manya, Judith. "Le parti communiste portugais et la question coloniale, 1921-1974." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40023.
Full textDaget, Serge. "Les croisières françaises de répression de la traite des noirs sur les côtes occidentales de l'Afrique (1818-1850)." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040303.
Full textThe effect which the french cruisers had on the suppression of the african slave trade cannot be understood unless one first takes into account the forces to be curbed. Although slave trading was made illegal in France in 1818, french and west indian slavers did not hesitate to continue their trading without arousing any strong official reaction, even though repressive measures had been taken on the west african coast. Social, cultural, political and diplomatic conditions, as well as economic ones, explain the continued existence of an enterprise that had already lasted more than a century. Consequently, the question is to know how the repressive agents are going to operate on the african coast, and, if their results are not obvious, why not ? French cruisers, at first ineffectual, comply more and more with their duties: they capture national slavers that are judged and condemned. After a long policy of patience and denunciations, England in 1831 secures what she has been claiming in vain: an official co-operation of the royal navy with the french one in order to fight against the slavers. It is then a third french abolition law results in the ending of the national slave trade. We are therefore confronted with the paradox that a theoretically efficient system has no object to justify. An idyllic situation is brought about by an untraceable slave trade. Powers whose interests are less humanitarian than political create a serious crisis in France seeking to suppress the agreement signed in 1831-1833. Although successful, a new covenant with a nation that has always been resented as a machiavellian rival gives rise to a splendid french cruise: it lasts but one year as it is useless, and unable to act against the numerous brazilian or spanish slave traders. Thus, on the whole, french repression has been a failure. All the reasons for this failure have not been military ones. The weight of established mentalities, of economic needs, not nearly as urgent as implied, the weakness of humanitarian doctrines incapable of renovation, are among the deeper causes of this failure. Altogether a negative, repetitive story without any outstanding events. The knowledge of man in africa is imperceptible
Chillali, Anissa. "Aspects du romantisme berbère : étude du discours politique sur les Kabyles, 1830-1914." Lille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL30005.
Full textMourou, Max-Williams. "Les moyens d'action du ministère des Colonies de 1894 à 1914." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010657.
Full textMessaoudi, Alain. "Savants, conseillers, médiateurs : les arabisants et la France coloniale (vers 1830-vers 1930)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010529.
Full textJaumouillié, Anne-Laure. "Entre sagaïes et médailles : processus colonial de reconnaissance des chefs kanak en Nouvelle-Calédonie, 1878-1946." La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROF017.
Full textAs soon as New Caledonia got taken into possession, the colonial administration used the natives considered as chiefs to establish the French supervision. By using honorary distinctions, it settled a wide policy of recognition of the chiefs. Some of them seemed to have had dealed with the administrative employees, others rebelled or did both. Instead of considering those situations as loyalty, rejection or “double jeu”, this PhD consists in analysing them in a more global context by considering the Kanak chiefs in their own system of relationships. Inwa, relationship with the colons and colonial administrators are the framework. This work aims to deconstruct the idea of chiefs were either loyal or rebel and to show the complexity of the system in which every single actor of the colonisation participates. The itineraries of 36 leaders are analysed between 1878 – date of the first native rebellion – and 1917 – date of the last movement of the uprising. The leaders get little by little the methods of speech that will allow them to free themselves from the colonial pressures. The descendants of the chiefs are therefore also taken into account until the end of the “Code de l’Indigénat” in 1946. That in order to measure the strength of the transmission of the political speech they faced
Crosnier, de Bellaistre Max. "L'héritage amérindien du cacao à la Guadeloupe : anthropologie des chocolatiers de Saint Charles Gourbeyre. Et la question du goût du chocolat de 1920 à nos jours." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC047.
Full textThe thesis aims to explain why the Guadeloupe population renounces its traditional taste of local food by focusing on imported food in the colony. We tried to anthropologically observe Guadeloupean food for daily use to identify what reports favorably condition in contrast to the taste of Western food. The period that concerns us is the colonial period and the resistance of the last chocolate in Guadeloupe (1920- 1951) which presents itself as a driving force during a period of uncertainty and economic inequality. It is with this thesis to discover the distinctive characteristics of Guadeloupe, between the consumption of local industrial chocolate. Faced with these changes that determine food uses of a story, a place, and a way of life, we ask ourselves the question: Is it in the customs of Guadeloupe resources a food that involves unequal to the preference of taste an imported product? We note and show that through the behavior of Guadeloupe despite the highly nutritious local resources such as cocoa, indifference taste -country products has continued to grow to the point of view of the colonizer products prevail as economic stranglehold is general
Iffono, Aly Gilbert. "Histoire des Kissia de la République de Guinée : de la conquête coloniale à la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0138.
Full textThe thesis presents the Kissi traditional society for a period of 50 years as it was conquered, dominated and exploited by France, Brita in and Liberia. It tried to show the impact of this trio colonization on the development of the society, to show in the final analysis, the ruptures inflicted and the heritage that was preserved. The question to answer is whether colonization was the unique cause of current conditions of undeveloped African society generally and the Kissi society particularly. To answer this question, the thesis presents 3 tendencies: One holds firmly culpable the colonization and systematically denies any benefit derived from it to the concerned societies. The second, while incriminating Africans, pays homage to the "goodness of colonization in Africa". The third estimates that responsibility lies at the door of Africans as much as the colonial factor. Faced with this contradiction and strong divergent perceptions, the research concludes that though colonization carries a heavier responsibility, Africans can not be totally exonerated. One only has to remember the internal contradictions which facilitated the conquest and the domination of the continent in the first place, or the complicity of some African chiefs who contributed largely to the colonial implantation and exploitation of their own territories. However, despite colonial conquest and the different forms of societal ruptures it brought here and there, the Kissi people were able to save their main culture as well as their leadership or governing system inherited from the pre-colonial era. In the end, the research concluded that the Kissi people are very conscientious of their existence as a socially, politically, and culturally well organized people in their environment and within defined boundaries known to all. The Kissi people are also conscientious of their history, culture and civilization they have every intention to defend and transmit through generations
Monnier, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Représentations post-coloniales de l'Afrique et des Africains dans les oeuvres de Urs Widmer et Hans Christoph Buch, à la lumière des hypotextes coloniaux de Joseph Conrad et de Richard Kandt." Paris 12, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA120035.
Full textThe following dissertation is an imagological, comparative and postcolonial research about the representations of Africa and Africans in different works of contemporary German literature, which are hypertextually connected to works of European colonial literature. By taking 1m Kongo by Urs Widmer and Kain und Abel in Afrika by Hans Christoph Buch, it scrutinizes, on an exemplary basis and in new ways, the relationship of these post-colonial hypertexts to their underlying colonial subtexts: Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Caput Nili by Richard Kandt. It is focused on evaluating, with the help of criteria developed within the postcolonial criticism, whether the selected writings succeed in overcoming the ethnocentric tendencies that characterise the literary reflexes of the ethnographie encounter with the Other abroad, there by producing images that contribute to the renewal of the representations of otherness and foreignness within the contemporary German literature
Grondin, Reine-Claude. "La colonie en province : diffusion et réception du fait colonial en Corrèze et en Haute-Vienne (c. 1830-c. 1939)." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010645.
Full textLakhssassi, Mohamed. "Des rapports franco-marocains pendant la conquête et l'occupation de l'Algérie (1830-1851)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010707.
Full textTriaud, Jean-Louis. "Les relations entre la France et la Sanûsiyya (1840-1930) : histoire d'une mythologie coloniale, découverte d'une confrérie saharienne." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070031.
Full textThis study draws from three different spheres : islamic history, african history, and colonial history. At the center is the muslim brotherhood which appeared in mecca about 1837 and which bears the name Sanûsiyya, after its founder Muhammad Al-Sanusi, an algerian born near Mostaganem in 1787. The brotherhood, at first, was a missionary organization which preached islam to the most impoverished nomads and created zawiya-s (lodges) in inhospitable lands. After 1900, the movement organized a determined resistance against the colonial powers, France and Italy in particular. By a careful use of arabic sources and attention to the internal coherence, changing strategies and different social functions, the author seeks to explain this veritable "multinational" islamic society in which indigenous people of the Maghreb, the Hijaz, and some Sudanic countries, worked side by side. No other brotherhood was ever the object of such intense and enduring hostility from the french administration and popularizers. The fear of Sanûsiyya, the denunciation and finally the open struggle against this brotherhood have created a special chapter of colonial history. The author has looked for the reasons behind such a treatment. Finally, the sanusiyya, although launched in mecca, belongs to african history. In the period of the greatest expansion, it involved all of the central and eastern Sahara, from the Nile to the Ajjer, from southern Tunisia to lake Chad. The author has consistently featured the subsaharan
Huyghues-Belrose, Vincent. "L'évangélisation du sud-ouest de l'Océan indien du XVe au XVIIIe siècle (Afrique orientale, Comores, Madagascar, Mascareignes)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010676.
Full textHodeir, Catherine. "Le grand patronat colonial français face à la décolonisation." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010531.
Full textLeclercq, Sophie. "Les surréalistes face à la question coloniale : 1919-1962." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS024S.
Full textIn th 1920s and 1930s, as the colonial idea finally becomes consensual, the young surrealists are among the rare poets and writers to criticize imperialism, along with the French Communist Party who is elaborating its anticolonial programme. Fascinated by primitive arts, to which they try to identify, some of them elaborate a poetic of the "Savage" that echoes their criticism of colonialism and disrupts stereotypes. This cultural dimension given to their anticolonialism is quite unusual compared to the anticolonial positions of the time. In the 1940s, some of them discovered the Indian, Negro and revolutionary America, and get to meet the authors of the negritude and the indigenism movements who where denouncing the cultural alienation the surrealists condemned in the 1920s. With the independence movement and especially with the Algerian war, anticolonialism becam a shared position among left-wing intellectuals represented by Jean-Paul Sartre. But he "immediate evacuation of the colonies" these intellectuals were calling for had been requested by the surrealists in the 1920s already. Because of their radical and singular position condemning colonialism's principe and because of their avant-gardism lying at a crossroads between the political and the cultural realms, surrealists belong to the anticolonialist intellectuals' history
Malon, Claude. "Le Havre colonial de 1880 à 1960." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040067.
Full textThis work intends to study the relations between Le Havre and the French colonies from 1880 to 1960. It goes through the ways and the consequences of the integration of the norman harbour into the imperial system. .
Vannini, Geneviève. "Les CEMEA et leur action en Europe et en Afrique de 1937 à la fin du XXe siècle. Une contribution originale à la diffusion de l'éducation nouvelle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040007.
Full textThe Centres d’entraînement aux méthodes d’éducation active (CEMEA) were created in 1937 as ananswer to the severe lack of managerial staff for children's holiday camps, and quickly enjoyed aconsiderable expansion. Driven by enthusiasm and a steadfast faith in the new educational methods, themany activists of this important association develop a rich and diversified activity throughout the XXthcentury in all fields regarding education, and largely expand their influence beyond the French borders.CEMEA associations are initially created in Europe, then in the French Overseas departments andterritories and in Africa, and thus constitute efficient intermediaries for the promotion of new pedagogicalmethods. The active educational method of holiday camp supervisors, whose guidelines are laid down in1937, remains the basis of all educational action. Although the training courses for leaders of holidaycentres still represent a large sector of activities until now, social work and actions towards young peoplein difficulty are increasing, in Europe as well as in Africa or in the Overseas departments and territories.The CEMEA, who integrate themselves in wide-ranging development plans, elaborate long-term trainingprogrammes in many countries. The many international activities reflect the educational undertakingsconducted in France. But the complexity of the various institutional, political, economical, and culturalframeworks they are part of compel the CEMEA to give regular precisions on the underlying principlesof their action
Rispler, Isabelle. "“Lands of the future" : German-speaking identity, networks, and territoriality in the South Atlantic, 1820-1930." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC072/document.
Full textThe movement of German-speakers to the South Atlantic did not begin with Nazis seeking refuge in Argentina in the aftermath of World War II, nor did it start with the organization of the German protectorate of South-West Africa in 1884. Throughout the nineteenth century, the great majority of German-speakers leaving Europe travelled and migrated to North America, but some German-speakers had begun settling in both Argentina and Namibia well before the turn of the twentieth century. German-speaking merchants and missionaries started travelling to and settling in the South Atlantic in the 1820s. These South Atlantic German-speakers were influenced by the changing conditions in Europe: the increasing mobility of people and goods through the advancement of technology, and the increasing dominance of Nation-states on Western Europe’s political scene. After its founding in 1871, the German nation-state expanded its political reach with the German Empire’s increasing desire for power on the global market. After 1900 in particular, politically active Germans sought to compete against the increasing economic competition from the United States by attempting to redirect German-speaking migrants from their U.S. rival to areas they deemed more apt for continued German state aid and control. In this context, many Germans recognized German South-West Africa as the only territory suitable for large-scale German settlement. Meanwhile, German-speakers in Argentina became involved in marketing Argentina as the ideal destination for German-speaking migration and numerous publications praised it as the “land of the future.”German-speaking migration to the United States and Canada is well documented, whereas scholars have paid less attention to those migrants who went to Argentina and Namibia. Within the existing secondary literature, scholars have treated German-speakers in Argentina mostly as foreign migrants in an established republic, while conversely studying German-speakers in Namibia primarily within the context of German colonialism. I argue that it is historians who have created this division which overemphasizes the differences between the continents’ historically rendered trajectories, while hiding the connections and similarities from the viewpoint of nineteenth-century German-speaking migrants. I propose to study the everyday life experiences of nineteenth-century German-speakers on both sides of the South Atlantic within one single analytical field. I argue that even though the respective political circumstances varied, the everyday life experiences of these German-speakers on both sides of the South Atlantic were more similar than different. I analyze the writings and belief-systems of nineteenth-century contemporaries in order to overcome the dichotomy that historians have created as distinct and mutually exclusive types of global movement. What happened in the South Atlantic was “transnational colonization:” emerging nation-states were involved in the colonization process – Argentina in South America and Germany in Namibia – and civil servants helped further their growth. However, within these states, people who maintained a variety of European identities and origins, were active agents in the colonization process. My sources include texts produced by short- and long-term migrants, such as travel writings as well as community and government records currently held in archives in Germany, Argentina and Namibia
Rouanet, Léa. "Trois essais sur les progrès de la santé et le développement économique en Afrique." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01256681.
Full textThe first chapter compares the colonial stratégies for health policies' provision and other colonial policies in former French West Africa. It gathers a unique dataset containing colonial inputs in health, éducation, public works and conscription. There was a very gênerai strategy as regards to the provision of colonial services, which had to do with investments' complementarity, returns to scale, the diseases' contagion risk and the demand for colonial services. The second chapter of this thesis looks at the relationship between adult height and under-five mortality in the context of the "double African Paradox" in West Africa. Africans are relatively tall in spite of extremely unfavorable disease environments. Moreover, their height stature decreased since the 1960's despite improving health conditions. A new model of height differential between survivors and deceased suggests that sélective mortality explains part of this paradox. Results imply that mortality sélection could be large enough to mask significant height increases. The third chapter develops a new indicator of gender préférences based on birth spacing, and applies it to Africa. Son preference is strong and increasing in North Africa, whereas Sub-Saharan Africa displays a preference for variety or no preference at all. Traditional family systems accurately predict the nature of gender preferences, while religion does not. Last, the magnitude of preferences is stronger for wealthier and more educated women
Cornu, François. "L'Afrique dans l'oeuvre d'Elspeth Huxley." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA1005.
Full textLucas, Rémy. "Eloge du gris ? : Le mûlatre et ses représentations dans la littérature africaine lusographe à partir de la seconde moitié du XXème siècle." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20008.
Full textThe Portuguese’s miscegenation with the colonized people is the starting point of this work. From the postulate of the Portuguese’s particularity to the interbreeding (lusotropicalism) we wanted to question the different representations of the mulatto in the Portuguese Africa. The evolution of the notion of race, some historic indicators for each ex-colony in Africa permit understand the interbreeding in his geographical and linguistic particularity. The literature of lusophone Africa in the 50's develop the mulatto character. The novel and short stories of our corpus examine this changing and unsatisfied character, split into his black and white roots. A typology of the literary mulatto has been done and permit draw up an inventory of his representations. In order to refine the perception of the mulatto character, we analyse into details three novels : Llheu de Contenta de Teixera de Sousa, A Chaga de Castro Soromenho and Portagem from Orlando Mendes, as well as the narrative strategy (hal-breeding discourse). The literary mulatto turns out to be a character more in search of his whither father than a being divided in his double roots. The unrecognition of the father transforms him into a character cut off from the others and from himself
Weiland, Isabelle. "La Tunisie aux expositions universelles de 1851 à 1900." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0005.
Full textWorking on Tunisia at the world fairs of the XIXth century enables us to combine a reflection on fairs as an indicator of a trend towards globalization with an investigation on the change of relationships between the east and the west. Choosing North Africa enables us to analyze the near east, familiar to Europeans in the mid XIXth century, but still containing grey areas giving rise to fantasy and manufactoring stereotypes. This study helps to understand tunisian fairs as diplomacy taking place against a backdrop of reforms and financial crisis. What are the cultural and technical transfers, performed or displayed by the regency of Tunis, on the occasion of the fairs ? Who are the intermediaries, official and unofficial diplomats who organize fairs in Tunisia before 1881 ? The analysis of Tunisia under colonial rule can then show us to what extent the loss of the political sovereignty of the regency has an impact on its international representation within the world fairs. France wanted to show Tunisia as a colonial model - that of the protectorate - and as an original oriental contry, wich remains exotic and colonial fairs
Ba, Amadou. "Des "Sénégalais" à Madagascar : militaires ouest-africains dans la conquête et la colonisation de la Grande-île (1895-1960)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070024.
Full textOf Senegalese in Madagascar : West African Soldiers in the Colonization of the Grande Ile (1895-1960) France, in the second half of the 19th century, in an attempt to regain part of the grandeur she had lost during the Napoleonic wars, and most significantly in the aftermath of her defeat against Prussia in 1980, resumed her colonization policy in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In March 1895, an expedition launched against the Grande ile resulted in the capture of Antanananarivo in September that same year. The troops sent to this country included individuals hailing from Afrique Occidentale Française (French West Africa), usually referred to as the "tirailleurs senegalais" - even though most of them did not originate from the colony of Senegal per se, but rather from other territories - who played a significant part After being used as units of conquest and « pacifying », the African recruits from the A. O. F, Afrique occidentale française (French West Africa), remained stationed in this southwestern Indian océan colony as an occupying force and turned into police forces. In the year 1947, a violent insurrection broke out in eastern Madagascar. In order to repress this uprising, France sent once more battalions of "tirailleurs sénégalais", quartered in her Djibouti base, but also in metropolitan France. Many of those soldiers were killed (1,900 "tirailleurs" died). At the end of the operation, large numbers of those soldiers were maintained in this country as policemen, as had been the case at the beginning of the XIXth century, and without ever returning to their homeland. Drawing from archives (Vincennes and Aix-en-Provence in France, the National Archives of Senegal and the Archives of the Republic of Madagascar), iconography and films, fieldwork carried out in Madagascar in 2006, in Senegal (2006 and 2008), and in France; but drawing mostly from books and journals on the history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais", colonial French and Malagasy military history, I seek to pièce together this history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais". A history both neglected by scholars and overlooked by the French nation. My dissertation falls into three chapters: First, I analyze the main motivations behind the military draft in West Africa used so as to conquer a colony located thousands of kilometers away from A. O. F. (French West Africa). What were the particulars, the methods, and the strategies of the draft? What was the position of the A. O. F. In this draft? How did the young African view the army? Where those recruits volunteers? What were their social and ethnic backgrounds? The second chapter is devoted to the study of the various missions the tirailleurs sénégalais were trusted with. What was their role in the colonization of Malagascar? What happened to them after the conquest and "pacifying"? Lastly, I turn to the contemporary impact of a West African presence in the colonization of Madagascar through three themes:
Anafak, Lemofak Antoine Japhet. "La Belgique et l'Afrique centrale, diversification ou néocolonialisme? dynamique de la politique de coopération belge au Cameroun et dans ses anciennes colonies, 1960-1990." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210145.
Full textCette thèse insiste sur les éléments de mise en place et les fondements de la politique étrangère de la Belgique en Afrique centrale. Elle analyse sa présence depuis la colonisation du Congo, du Ruanda-Urundi et développe le processus de mutation de la Belgique dans la sous-région à la faveur des indépendances. Cette accession à la souveraineté des territoires leur attribuait le statut d’acteur de la communauté internationale. L’adaptation de la Belgique à cette nouvelle donne l’oblige à étendre son espace de captation d’intérêts par l’établissement des relations diplomatiques avec de nombreux pays de la région parmi lesquels le Cameroun. Le choix du Cameroun comme pays d'appui à la politique belge dans la région en dehors de ses colonies est le fait de nombreuses justifications que cette thèse démontre.
Ce travail insiste sur les rapports politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique notamment les éléments expliquant la coopération diplomatique et politique entre le Cameroun et la Belgique. Celle-ci était basée sur un soutien mutuel dans la lutte contre les mouvements rebelles procommunistes au Cameroun et au Congo dans les années 60. Cet ouvrage développe l'organisation de l’action conjointe de la Belgique et du Cameroun dans la lutte contre le communisme en Afrique centrale principalement au Congo en période de guerre froide, les éléments prouvant le soutien de la Belgique au Cameroun dans sa lutte contre les activistes nationalistes de l’UPC et réciproquement, les actions montrant la collaboration et la compréhension du Cameroun envers la Belgique dans la gestion des conflits d’après indépendance au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi.
De plus, cette thèse évoque la dynamique de la politique étrangère de la Belgique à partir de 1965 dans la région. Dans cette section marquée par l’arrivée de Mobutu au pouvoir et le coup d’Etat de Micombero au Burundi, ce travail détaille les éléments qui justifient le renforcement des relations politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique après 1965 par l’analyse du contexte national et international de mise en place de cette politique après 1967. Un contexte marqué par la réélection d’Ahmadou Ahidjo et le renforcement de son pouvoir et le départ du socialiste Paul-Henri Spaak, remplacé par le démocrate-chrétien Pierre Harmel. Ce dernier instaure une nouvelle politique dite de diversification et de distanciation envers le régime de Mobutu. Le constat est que cette diversification a profité au Cameroun, devenu progressivement un partenaire privilégié de la Belgique dans la région après la visite officielle d’Ahidjo de 1967 à Bruxelles.
Ce travail analyse les rapports qu’entretenaient la Belgique et le Cameroun dans les organisations internationales en rapport avec la situation interne de son pré-carré d’Afrique centrale, notamment les circonstances du soutien de la candidature du Zaïre à l’entrée dans l’Union Douanière et Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UDEAC) et plus tard dans la création de l’Union Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UEAC) en 1969. Le soutien mutuel des candidatures belges et camerounaises dans les instances internationales à partir des années septante, les incidences de l’entrée du Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et l’Irlande du Nord au sein de la Communauté Economique Européenne (la convention de Lomé I) sur la politique étrangère belge menée par Renaat Van Elslande, les implications de la zaïrianisation sur les relations belgo-zaïroises, l’arrivée au pouvoir de Juvénal Habyarimana au Rwanda et la renégociation des accords d’indépendance entre le Cameroun et la France. La Belgique et ces pays souhaitaient une approche plus consensuelle des grandes questions internationales, notamment le nouvel ordre économique international, le conflit du proche orient, la question de la décolonisation des territoires portugais d’Afrique centrale, la généralisation des conflits armés et des assassinats politiques.
La présence militaire belge en Afrique centrale est un fait colonial. Un rappel nécessaire de cette présence militaire depuis la période coloniale nous a permis de nous interroger sur la gestion difficile du devenir de ces soldats après les indépendances du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi, notamment pendant la crise Katangaise. Ces difficultés rencontrées au Congo poussent la Belgique à trouver des dérivatifs pour se désengager militairement au Ruanda-Urundi après l’indépendance en 1962. La visite officielle de juin 1967 d’Ahmadou Ahidjo en Belgique marque le début d’une intense coopération militaire entre la Belgique et le Cameroun. Les deux pays coopèrent pour la livraison du matériel de guerre par la Fabrique d’Herstal à Liège, et dans la formation les officiers camerounais en Belgique. Plusieurs facteurs justifiant cette coopération avec le Cameroun sont énumérés dans cette thèse. De plus, ce travail retrace l’implication de la Belgique dans les guerres du Shaba et ses initiatives en faveur d’une paix globale dans la région autour les années 80.
Le troisième grand axe de cette thèse développe la présence de la Belgique en Afrique centrale dans le cadre de la Communauté Economique Européenne. Après avoir expliqué l'historique et l'évolution du FED, nous avons exploré le poids de la présence belge au sein du Fond Européen de Développement par rapport à la France et les autres Etats de la CEE pour constater sa faiblesse dans cette institution contrôlée par la France l’Allemagne. Ce qui justifie son choix de renforcer la coopération bilatérale dans la région. Enfin, ce thèse insiste sur ces relations économiques bilatérales de la Belgique en Afrique centrale, principalement au Cameroun en comparaison avec les anciennes colonies pour voir l'influence de la Belgique au Cameroun, au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi depuis les indépendances jusqu'aux années nonante.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Labayle, Éric. "De la Revanche à la Libération : l'École des Élèves-aspirants de Cherchell-Médiouna (1942-1945)." Montpellier 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON30022.
Full textFrom december 1942 to june 1945, the most prominent school for warrant officers in the french army operated in the small town of Cherchell (Algeria). Five classes - more than five thousand young men coming from all social and geographical horizons of the French Empire - recieved crash instruction, meant to turn them into warrant officers (officer cadets and first lieutenants) fit to be used in combat. These men played an essential role in the reconstruction of the french army after november 8th 1942. For twenty years, they fought on all the theatres of war, from Italy to Algeria, and they occupied the highest functions in the military hierarchy. Those who opted for a civilian carrer after 1945 also reached the highest positions in their chosen fields. Some became ministers, others ambassadors, others again recieved Nobel prizes. Despite the importance of its heritage, the École des élèves-aspirants has never been the object of a historical study, unlike institutions of lesser importance, such as the École des cadets de la France libre. It was therefore deemed proper to give a comprehensive picture of it (location, catchment area, staff, instruction and logistics. . . ) and to illustrate its specificity
Scarfone, Marianna. "La psichiatria coloniale italiana : teorie, pratiche, protagonisti, istituzioni 1906-1952." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20035.
Full textThe dissertation reviews the ways in which psychiatry developed in the Italian colonies in the Horn of Africa and in Libya. Colonial psychiatry – variously called “ethnographic”, “comparative”, or “racial” psychiatry – drew on established anthropological theories, anthropometric measurements and clinical observations, the consistently-organized framework within which it emerged as an discipline supporting colonial government and at least partially independent of psychiatry in the home country. The primary interaction within this colonial psychiatry was that between doctors and patients; in the background were the colonial administrators, the political decision-makers, and the patients’ families and home communities. Precious documentary resources such as medical records let us trace patients’ careers, tell their life stories, reconstruct typical cases and confirm recurrent features in their various experiences; from the private papers of some colonial doctors we can gather the specialists’ motivations to move to the colonies; and an examination of the psychiatric literature of the day enables us to reconstruct the discussions and inspirations which fostered the work of the colonial psychiatrists. I have recognized the importance of analysing the British and (still more) the French models from which the Italian clinicians claimed to draw their inspiration, both in terms of theory (and the construction of the resulting discipline), and in the practical solutions implemented to tackle psychiatric issues from the earliest days of the various colonial experiments. This issue – of supporting psychiatrically-afflicted colonists and soldiers and natives regarded as “mad” – was paid most attention in the Libyan colony, starting in the very first months of the occupation (in 1911 and 1912) and then taking institutional form in the 1930s; in the colonies of what was known as “Italian East Africa”, on the other hand, there was less discussion of psychiatric support and correspondingly limited practical achievements
La tesi percorre gli sviluppi della psichiatria nelle colonia libica e nelle colonie del Corno d’Africa. La psichiatria coloniale – che assume denominazioni diverse: ‘etnografica’, ‘comparata’, ‘razziale’ – si nutre di teorie antropologiche consolidate, di misurazioni antropometriche, di osservazioni cliniche ed è in questo quadro articolato che emerge come disciplina autonoma, almeno in parte, rispetto alla psichiatria della madrepatria, e funzionale al buon ordine del regime coloniale. Nella cornice della psichiatria coloniale interagiscono in primo luogo medici e pazienti; sullo sfondo ci sono gli amministratori e i decisori politici, le famiglie e le comunità di provenienza dei pazienti. Attraverso documenti preziosi come le cartelle cliniche è possibile tracciare le traiettorie dei pazienti, raccontare storie di vita, ricostruire casi esemplari e fissare dei punti ricorrenti nelle diverse esperienze. Grazie alla documentazione privata di alcuni medici coloniali è possibile cogliere le ragioni che spingevano gli specialisti in colonia. Infine la letteratura psichiatrica del periodo preso in esame permette di ricostruire gli scambi e le ispirazioni che alimentavano l’attività degli psichiatri coloniali. In tal senso si è ritenuto importante analizzare i modelli inglese e soprattutto francese a cui i medici italiani dichiarano di ispirarsi, sia nella riflessione teorica e quindi nella costruzione della disciplina, sia nelle soluzioni pratiche attuate per far fronte alla questione psichiatrica sin dai primi tempi delle diverse esperienze coloniali. Tale questione, ovvero il problema dell'assistenza ai coloni e ai militari che presentavano disturbi psichiatrici nonché agli indigeni ritenuti folli, ha ricevuto maggiore attenzione nella colonia libica, e questo sin dai primi mesi della sua occupazione, tra 1911 e 1912, per poi manifestarsi in realizzazioni istituzionali negli anni Trenta; mentre nelle colonie della cosiddetta Africa Orientale Italiana il tema dell’assistenza psichiatrica è stato meno dibattuto, sfociando pertanto in scarse realizzazioni pratiche
Moomou, Jean. "Les Boni à l'âge de l'or et du grand « takari » (1860-1969) : «temps de crise, temps d'espoir»." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0093.
Full textOur previous investigations, notably our master's thesis, enabled us to relate the history of the Boni people in French Guiana from 1772 to 1860 These research not only showed us the way 111 which the group of Boni fugitive slaves emerge to give birth to a nation but alsu the way in which colonial history generated the Boni and then how the Boni made their own history On September,8th 1860 they are declared free and autonomous by the French and Dutch colonial powers. Thus, far from the colonial world, they create their own cultural and religious world However, this harmonious life which seems to appear in 1860 will very quickly be disturbed by external circumstances On one hand, this thesis aims at explaining the interactions between the policies of the French and Dutch colonial powers and the ones of the fugitive slaves communities, notably the Boni On the other hand, it also aims at explaining how the Boni adapted themselves 10 the exogenous enterprises (Introduction of the gold economy and of the free market, logging, the political schemes of the colonial powers and then of the departmental powers) which changed their society economically, socially, culturally, mental! y and also as regards traditional authority from 1860 to 1969 This thesis al50 aims al showing the lot of the traditional societies on the Maroni -in this case, the one of the Boni -confronted to the world of the French and Dutch settlers. Indeed, under the scrutiny of the settlers but also because of values and morals unknown until then, the "Baka firman nengue" (the niggers of the peace age) -to use the expression of the Boni "Sabi-man" toda)" -had a hard time reconciling tradition and modernity and understanding the evolution in which their society evolved. .