Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Colonisation – Afrique'
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Taraud, Christelle. "Prostitution et colonisation : Algérie, Tunisie, Maroc, 1830-1960." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010641.
Full textGbenou, Jacques-Henry. "Urbanisation et colonisation en Afrique occidentale française, 1900-1940." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375978646.
Full textDoumbia, Fatima. "Travail et identité en Afrique Noire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10115.
Full textAouad-Badoual, Rita. "Les Incidences de la colonisation francaise sur les relations entre le Maroc et l'Afrique noire (c. 1875-1935)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10012.
Full textToumait, Mohamed. "Le colonisateur français à la rencontre de l'Islam en Afrique de l'Ouest et au Maroc." Perpignan, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PERP0403.
Full textOur study rests on the reasons sociocultural ideo-policies and which encouraged the french colonizers (Faidherbe, Gallieni and Lyautey) to give islam and western moslems african and morrocans of the representations which did not develop them with the eyes of the others
Deville-Danthu, Bernadette. "Education physique, sport, colonisation et décolonisation dans les anciens territoires français d'Afrique occidentale : 1920-1965." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10019.
Full textSimiti, Bernard. "L'Est centrafricain : de la traite des esclaves au difficile développement : 1880-1970." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10017.
Full textBudin, Jacques. "Colonisation, acculturation et résistances : la région de Bône (Annaba, Algérie) de 1832 à 1914." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0546/document.
Full textThis study presents the history of rural Algerians of the Bône/Annaba region, in North-East Algeria, from 1832, date of the French occupation of Annaba, to the eve of the First World War. During those years, this region had known a remarkable colonial growth. The local tribes’ opposition to French occupation had often been fierce and the total possession of the territory only happened after about fifteen years. The resistance to the colonial system in the ensuing period was scattered and often disorderly but never ceased. Two armed insurrections broke out in 1852 and 1871. However, at the same time, native chiefs and members of auxiliary forces to the French army collaborated actively with French authorities. The politique indigène of the military Bureaus of Arab Affairs, paternalistic and authoritarian, but in some ways protective, was abandoned in 1870, during the transition to civil administration. This civil administration subsequently lost almost all interest in the fate of the Algerians. The spread of colonization shattered and disintegrated rural society. The tribal organization was de-structured by the new governance introduced by the creation of douars-communes, by the loss of credibility of the native chiefs and by the introduction of individual property. Land dispossession and the drastic limitation of pasture rights in the forests reduced the agricultural potential, premise of a long-term upheaval of the agrarian economy. At the eve of the First World War, a small minority of Algerians of the Bône region had entered modernity. Overall, the rural society reacted to difficulties by adopting an inward-looking attitude and by taking refuge in the “tradition”
Goana, Stéphane. "La juridiction administrative centrafricaine depuis la colonisation jusqu'à la Constiution du 14 janvier 1955 : contribution à l'histoire des institutions judiciaires centrafricaines." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0860.
Full textThe Central Administrative Court dating back to colonial times is the product of mimicry and various legal reforms it is built along the lines of the French judicial institutions, it inherited the techniques of administrative difficulty reaching its goals in a socio-cultural and political context different from that of France, former colonial power
Douioui, Amina. "Une ville du Maghreb au temps de l'occupation française : Marrakech de 1912 à 1945." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE2004.
Full textThe chronological background of this study is situated betweer nineteen twelve and nineteen forty five. It corresponds to a crucial period in the development of the city of Marrakech, due to the political, economic, demographic, urban and social transformations and upheavals which took place ther. As a consequence, a new era starts for the city and its population. The city of Marrakech has undeniable particularities. This study is an attempt to explair them, to set out and analyse the facts of the colonial period as objectively as possible in order not to enter a controversy about the validity of an epoch. What was the population' s state of mind? How and when did the french enter marrakech? Integrated in the colonial system, will Marrakech take another appearance or will it keep its virtues? What is the french policy towards moroccan people? What is the size of the city? These are the questions that we have dealt with in this study, trying to give precise and documented answers
Fontan, Françoise. "Modes de diffusion de la langue française en Afrique noire francophone depuis le début de la colonisation." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10048.
Full textCardillo, Monica. "L’eau et le droit en Afrique aux XIXe et XXe siècles : l’expérience de la colonisation française." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD033.
Full textWater, an essential ressource, has préoccupied the juridical world and occupies an important place in the history of law. French colonial law concerning water constitutes a vital field of historical research, given its importance in the African continent since the nineteenth century. In this period, the region underwent important juridical, political and social transformations. It was via the great rivers that France entered Africa, and colonial settlements centered around the major bodies of fresh water. The need to protect, to distribute equitably, to manage and to develop fresh water ressources led to the development of a specific juridical framework concerning it. Since the early stage of the colonization, French rule appropriates water and develops during the 19th and 20th centuries a law of exception organizing water management in conquered territories. This "colonial water law", marked by a global "domanialization" of the resource, is gradually established. Legislation, ad hoc at first, becomes systematic from the 1920s, in a context of incraesed resource extraction. A historical approach to water management in Africa is of twofold interest: it illustrates the circulation of the principle of state ownership between the European countries and their colonies and it highlights the reception of this principle in the colonies, insofar as it disrupts traditional practices, deforms local logic and ends up grafting on to the legislations of the new African states
Maistre, Julie. "Trajectoires : approche prosopographique des explorateurs français de l'Afrique et de l'Asie (1870-1914)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30006/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the interest of studying in a comprehensive and general way, rather than in a fragmented one, the mid of French explorers in the late nineteenth century, to discover more deeply their personalities, motivations, curricula that led them to exploration, the missions they have accomplished, the results they have achieved, etc. This thesis is also the means of establishing a true historical sociology of explorers addressing this environment in its totality and complexity, obviously taking account of the most famous ones but also by focusing on those whose names have been forgotten, ignored or little discussed. This work put into perspective and issues comparisons between explorers who have evolved in various geographic areas and at different periods. Moreover, these explorers would not have existed without support, without network, without support of intellectual, economic and financial, political, scientific connections... This thesis also is the opportunity to uncover the existence of these networks of influence and of colonial enterprise, to discover the means of action and to highlight the means of their business. In this sense, this study makes us understand from the inside both field missions and their sponsors more or less interested in exploration. Overall, this thesis not only helps to better understand what is called the phenomenon of colonization, through a better understanding of the main players, but highlights a completely original fraction and little known of the French society
Dianzinga, Scholastique. "Les femmes congolaises du début de la colonisation à 1960." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU1004.
Full textOn the eve of colonial settling, women used to play a major role in the production because agriculture was essentielly part of their task. Their reproductive function had placed them right in the middle of the social interplay. Basing themselves on the cultural values of their own society, the colonizers thought it was better to relegate women to the simple role of housewives. So they decided to consider the importance of women only for the replacement of workforce, the providing of the towns and the sites of fresh supplies, income, etc. Therefore, colonisation did generalize the exclusion of women from public life and did cause their economic downgrading. It was in the end of the 1930s, particulary soon after the second world war that the actions had been taken in the colonial policy in favour of women. The expansion of girl's schooling and the acces to occupational paid activities contributed to modifying the women's way of life and the conceving of their position in the society. The town had been the test for women's liberation. The destabilization of traditional values and the contact with european culture aroused aspirations after a modification in the relations between opposite sexes and new needs as for as leisure and clothes were concerned for younger women especially. It cannot be asserted bluntly that the colonization has bettered or worsened women's condition. Changes are positive in certain fields and are proved negative in the others
Rouquairol, Pierre. "En marche vers l'autonomie. . . La Guinée équatoriale : de la colonisation à l'indépendance." Besançon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA1004.
Full textYahaya, Issoufou. "Agadès, des origines à la colonisation française : étude d'histoire politique, socio-économique et religieuse." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010507.
Full textBénabou, Marcel Christol Michel. "La résistance africaine à la romanisation /." Paris : Éd. la Découverte, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399819894.
Full textFrémeaux, Jacques. "L'administration militaire francaise en afrique blanche et noire (1830-1930)." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30033.
Full textThis work tries to explain why and in what circumstances the french army was in charge to administrate large parts of african territories (called precisely military territories), during the colonial expansion of the xixth century and in the beginning of the xx the xxth century. The book is divided in three parts : 1st) the story of the military territories : "bureaux arabes" of north africa ; western sudan, tchad and mauritania. 2nd) study of the officer corps : specialization, recruiting, daily life. Their position towards the whole army and the colons. Their attitude towards the native and particularly muslim religion. 3rd) the native troops called "suppletifs", created and commanded by the french officers. Their political and military action. French military doctors working for expansion
Kaboré, Émile. "Les enjeux, les pratiques et les perspectives communicationnels de la diplomatie du développement en Afrique : les cas du Burkina Faso et du Sénégal." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/204202205#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textFor many African nations, up to 50% of the investment budget is essentially provided by foreign aid, and mainly concerns bilateral and multilateral cooperation. In that type of situation, it appears that the diplomatic action is considered as the main axis for the mobilization of resources for African countries. The concept of “diplomacy of development” which is increasingly used as a vital thread for the materialization of foreign policy from most African countries illustrates this observation. For the poor countries choosing that development diplomacy, the issue here is to gather all the existing opportunities on the international scene to meet the challenges to fight poverty. In this new diplomatic scheme, communication now becomes a key stake. In a framework where the “diplomatic battle” has become a “trademark” battle and messages to reach and mobilize the required external resources to fight against poverty and increase development, communication, through its role of promotion, advocacy, negotiation and lobbying, is one of these essential components and one of the major organizational and operational poles of diplomacy. But, how to find out the way to build efficient linkages between diplomacy and communication? That question is the core problem this thesis tries to solve through a comparative approach between Burkina Faso and Senegal
Lancerotto, Maria. "Voyageurs français de l'entre-deux-guerres en Afrique Equatoriale Française." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030029.
Full textBetween 1919 and 1939, the French Equatorial Africa, partly explored and pacified, becomes a popular holiday resort for french people, opening to tourism and journalism. As a result not only soldiers or explorers were able to write about the colony: journalists, writers, travellers and colonials also contributed with their stories to develop a certain idea of these territories. Reviewing on their account the themes of propaganda or anti-colonialism, these witnesses, tell us about different ways of thinking and judging the colonisation during its period of maximum stability. This study explores a number of written evidences of a sample of french society who travelled to FEA in- between the two wars. The intent of the author is to analyse this literature and to extrapolate some images in order to rise some points of the french colonisation in Africa
Bekkouche, Yasmine. "Education Quality in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEH005.
Full textThis PhD dissertation addresses these issue in the context of SSA. I first highlight differences in the quality of primary education. Identifying the link between academic skills and education requires a specific methodology. I then turn to the explanation of these differences. The countries studied have a strong colonial history, which has left lasting impacts in many institutions, particularly in education systems. This thesis also aims to study how differences in education systems (from equipment to teacher education and educational practices) affect student performance. The last part of this study explores a specific lever related to school time in skill formation. The three papers follow a natural progression and each one is a continuation of the former, addressing the issue from an increasingly specific angle. The first chapter investigates primary education quality from a larger scope, studying cohorts born from the independences to the 1990s in many SSA countries. Schools in Francophone countries are more elitists but provide students with better literacy and numeracy skills. The second chapter focuses on the specific case of Cameroon. It exploits the partition of the country between the French and British Empires, to study how differences in school systems lead to differences in student achievements. The better performance of Francophone school systems is confirmed by this study and also better explained: the Francophone sub-system seems better at teaching very formal mathematical skills. The third chapter studies the impact on student progressions of a specific factor: rainfall during the school year. It concludes that rain during school-times negatively affects learning outcomes, suggesting that those perturbations in instruction times should be taken into account by governments
Safta, Moez. "LAfrique du Nord dans l'imagerie coloniale : le cas de la Tunisie." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010605.
Full textBy inverting the hourglass of history, and examining literature, architecture and other forms of iconography, we have tried to detect the origin of certain tenacious prejudices that are detrimental to the mutual inderstanding of the french and maghreb peoples, and to show that colonial imagery is an esthetic reponse to questions posed during a specific period. Today, this same reponse poses questions about our present time, as this imagery is not anachronistic. The imagery divides the maghreb self into an autochtonous substratum and a european veneer, creating, through a hierarchy founded upon the mutation of meaningless exterior traits into essentiel elements, a self foreign to itself. It also transforms this self by the processes of de-culturation and acculturation. "re-presentation" and a "shared birth" do not equal "representation" and "shared knowledge". This imagery instigates one to reflect upon the social function of images as it is, in a sense, a dialogue between the image of "self" and the image of "other". The dialogue is a fluctuation between self and the self mirrored in others, the self and the photocopy of the other, the self and the blurred other, as well as the self and the erased other. Each image always returns to the same referent : the colonizer. The dichotomy brings us to propose a rough solution : the reorientation of the discourse on the maghreb identity
Samson, Stéphanie. "En attendant l'or. Une histoire souterraine de la colonisation française en Afrique noire. Explorations, prospections, économie minière (1850-1940)." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100137.
Full textBambuk’s gold lured French explorers into the Upper Senegal region in the 18th century. So, why was there no Eldorado in the French African colonies south of Sahara ? This research focuses on mining investments: the failure of the Kenieba mines (mid-19th century), planed by Faidherbe, then Governor of Senegal, who was haunted by the myth of Bambuk’s gold, later the rushes of Ivory Coast, Guinea and the Congo, driven by the speculation in the British colonies and the success of the Belgian Congo, and in the 30’, the mines of Oubangui-Chari and Cameroon. The forms of the mining policy are studied through the objectives, means and methods of the administration, the use of science and techniques (cartography, geology), law reform and the relationships with companies and African gold miners. At first, military and administrators, afraid of a possible gold rush, chose a restrictive mining law. France was skeptical about the mineral wealth of Africa and specialized these colonies in agricultural products. However, bauxite and iron were found. In the 20’, Antonetti, ‘gouverneur general’ in French Equatorial Africa, favoured big business, which prospected for industrial minerals. In the 30’, a new lobby created by mining and metallurgy companies (CSMM and Comité des Forges), led by Fernand Blondel, a mining engineer, promoted Africa as a strategic place for minerals, pushing for an intervention of the state. Nevertheless, in 1939, gold and diamonds remained the main export minerals of AOF and AEF, 70% of this gold coming from traditional African mining. This was considered as a failure for the colonizing power
Levrat, Régine. "La culture cotonnière en Afrique soudanienne de la zone Franc depuis les débuts de la colonisation : l'exemple du Cameroun." Bordeaux 3, 2007. https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9782296212718.
Full textStarting from a general study on cotton (ecological and historical), this thesis deals with the history of the spreading of the cultivation of the cotton by France in its African colonies. After the first attempts, diversified and with unequal results (failure in "AOF" and Cameroun, questionable success in AEF), in 1950 was put in place organizations which ensured the success of this approach: IRCT (Institut de Recherches du Coton et des Textiles Exotiques) and CFDT (Compagnie Française pour le Développement des Fibres Textiles). This cultivation and the companies who promoted it, CFDT and national subsidiaries which relayed it, invested of a mission widened to the whole development, played a preponderant role in the raising up of this area, by applying an identical plan based on the small producers and the integration of the chain from the production of the "cotton-graine" to the commercialization of the fiber, as it is well illustrated with the case of the Cameroun. From the example of the cotton, the analysis widens to the economical politic of France vis-à-vis these African countries, during the colonial age and after, pointing out their situation of dependence in regards of their former mother country and international bodies (BM and OMC), setting the problem of a disparity North/South in the present system of globalization dominated by the US through the action of falling quotations and subventions
Simonis, Francis. "Des français en Afrique : Les "Européens" de la région de Segou : 1890-1962." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070083.
Full textThis thesis studies the evolution of the colonial community in the region of segu from the conquest to the early years of western sudan's (mali) independence. The colonials who would call themselves "europeans" were in great majority french people spending only a few years in the region. Technicians and members of public utilities succeeded servicemen and priests. Gradually, women came and met them what considerably modified the relationships with the african population. The only relation ships between the europeans and the africans were professional one. They lived ignoring each other as it is shown in the numerous accounts collected and analyzed. The indendence of the country was then considered by the europeans as an injustice and a mistake
Mbintcha, Tatmi Reine. "Histoire,statut,enjeux et avenir du français en Afrique Subsaharienne." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textDampha, Lang Fafa. "L'Afrique de l'Ouest anglophone entre mémoire et réparation à l'époque post-coloniale : une question de développement." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040188.
Full textThe Trans-saharan and the Trans-Atlantic slave trades, and European colonisation and apartheid that had been carried out in an atmosphere of extreme brutality, have enormously affected socioeconomic development in black Africa. Are these phenomena responsible for the present social and economic problem? Africa has been independent for over fifty years and after 1957, when the first black african country (Ghana in English West Africa) became independent, African countries created the Organisation of African Unity in 1963 under the influence of Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana. They have as well created economic communities amongst themselves, such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and joined existing ones created by the West, including their former colonisers. What effects do membership of organisations and associations such as the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, The world Trade Organisation, the Francophonie and the Commonwealth of nations, have on black Africa’s independence and development? Africa’s painful pasts are inevitable themes of evolution of the contemporary world. Reparations of the economic, social and psycological damages of slavery, colonialism on black Africa have therefore been asked for by Africans, as victims of the past, when the countries who had enslaved and colonised black Africa, have refused to pay reparations. What is the significance of reparation to Africa’s development? How have the roles played by the Arabs, the North Africans and the Black Africans themselves in the slave trade, affected reparations? Can Black African leaders play a role in the global process, in order to better ensure the development of the Continent?
Ateba, Bouli Prosper. "Le régime foncier camérounais : du mimétisme et de la crétivité." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0049.
Full textThe colonial ideology was based on legal doctrines elaborated since the 16th century from the concept of imperialism, which gives room to territorial conquest considered as the legal mode of land acquisition. These territories were considered as not having Masters. Imperialism was mostly cultural. The territorial aspect was not always the main focus of this ideology, which is not the case of colonialism. France and England were colonial empires whereas the United States has mostly practiced an economic imperialism throughout the 20th century. Land was at the center of colonial concerns and a major stake in the development of economic policiesColonization was initially geared at serving the economic interests of the metropolis through the exploitation of the resources found in the lands acquired. Considered from this perspective, land became essential in the implementation of colonial policies for development. Whatever be the techniques used, it was necessary to have a large of amount of territories. The triple colonial heritage of Cameroon will also be affected by different strategies of land conquest worked out by its German, French and English “Masters”, influenced by a Western vision of the development. Development is however not a static concept. It cannot be limited in space and time because the human spirit is in permanent search of innovations. Thatnowithstanding, there are parameters which make it possible to consider a country underdeveloped or developing. The triple colonial heritage of Cameroon will also be affected by different strategies of land conquest worked out by its German, French and English “Masters”, influenced by a Western vision of the development. Development is however not a static concept. It cannot be limited in space and time because the human spirit is in permanent search of innovations. Thatnowithstanding, there are parameters which make it possible to consider a country underdeveloped or developing. These parameters are economic, social, political, cultural and mental. . .
Le, Gourriérec Jean-Michel. "Les vétérans et l'Afrique." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30043.
Full textVeterans constituted a privileged social group, deeply attached to the most traditional Roman values which subsisted within the army. In Africa, they were the main beneficiaries of the official colonization from 102 B. C. . Their presence is attested everywhere during the Imperial era by epigraphic sources allowing to make a census of 783 veterans. Their influence on the development of economical and municipal structures was considerable in many areas. The families which they founded despite their old age also favorised the increase of the African Roman population which they usually belonged to from the second century A. C. Onwards
Manière, Laurent. "Le code de l'indigénat en Afrique occidentale française et son application : le cas du Dahomey (1887-1946)." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070051.
Full textThe Indigenat Code is a group of provisions which empowered colonial administration to punish summarily African subjects, as distinct from citizens, without recourse to any of the regular courts. For West French Africa, the first major legislation was that contained in the Decree of 30 September 1887. The local French Administration might have imposed penalties on individual offenders up to the maximum of 15 days imprisonment and a 100 francs fine. The list of the offences so punished included conscription, fiscal obligations and forced labour. Additionally, in situations of grave political crisis such as insurrection, the Governor of a local territory could impose communal fines and pronounce sentences of deportation or banishment. The indigenat was the most prominent way of coercion in the French West African Administration. It was the most effective means to realise French colonial objectives. From the very harsh nature of the legal provisions and also from a virtually uncontrolled use made of this power, several shades of excesses and abuses were denounced. The abolition of the regime came in the end as a result of both the armed and unarmed protests by the subject people ending the liberalising impact of the Second World War on French Colonial attitude
Ngando, Blaise Alfred. "La présence française au Cameroun (1916-1959) : colonialisme ou mission civilisatrice ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32040.
Full textFrom 1916 to 1959 France managed Cameroun. Which was the true range in this territory of Africa? Colonialism or civilizing mission? Such is the object ofthis thesis which analyzes the complexity of the French action oscillating between the generous ideas of the republic and imperial obsession. F, between 1916 and 1946, segregationist measurements appreciably have objected the civilizing mission and nourishes colonialism, the permanence of the imperial ideology durably registered Cameroun in the wake of Western civilization. No matter what paternalist France introduced there its principles and its values of right. As in the post-colonial whole of Africa, Cameroun remained rather largely unfavourable being studied of the traditional right considered as an obstacle to progress. The supremacy of the Europeens rights prolongs consequently the process of acculturation started since the colonial period. Unfortunately that has the disadvantage of making the Cameronians foreign to themselves by occulting the richness of their otherness. Ln the hour or Africa pains to find its place in liberal universalization its challenge is to build its own way while drawing from its traditional heritage but also from the contributions of the civilizing mission which are from now on his
Oyane, Metogho Marthe. "L'aventure africaine d'Ernest PSICHARI." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30002/document.
Full textExploring Ernest Psichari’s texts from the Haut-Logone Mission directed by Commandant Lenfant, from literary history, this study attempts to answer the following questions: what does Africa means for Psichari ? How does it represent? What are the challenges of these figures and representations? What relationship with the post-colonial situation? This research shows that Africa is virtually the only part of its productions. More than a frame, more than a decoration, it is a living actant which through its ubiquitous action transforms other actants. But it remains a civilized land. This ambiguity is maintained by the fact that Psichari’s thought and ideals or his writing style leaves undecided. He seems both near and far natives. Impressionist and languid tone of his work, between dream and reality, alternates with passages more assertive and devoid of any sense of softness where the only patriotism is required. While displaying his love for the indigenous, defending their rights and cultures, Psichari does not hide his patriotism by working for colonization. This did not prevent him from rejecting the governmentality of the colonial system of the IIIe Republique
Nkounga, Francois Joseph. "Le rôle de l’Église catholique dans la colonisation française en Afrique subsaharienne : Éducation et hypocrisie dans Une vie de boy de Ferdinand Oyono." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100395.
Full textOndoua, Antoine. "Sociologie du corps militaire en Afrique noire : le cas du Cameroun." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G014/document.
Full textIt is a common perception that the army in Africa and more particularly in black Africa, is associated with putsch, riots, rebellions and violence. Yet, specificities can be pointed out, especially in the two following points: political stability and promotion to the highest office. In that way, in francophone africa, Cameroon and Senegal since their independence, have managed to preserve themselves from any violent upheaval. In Cameroon, beyond a certain internization of the rofessional sense ( army submitted to political power), we can state that the political stability is due to the fact that it has blended into a neo-patrimonial system up to the point of becoming itself a neo-patrimonialised institution. Nonetheless, in spite of defending partisan interests (the "Prince", the ruling class and his family) the army turns out to be a symbol of the process of rationalization and democratization of the state (bureaucratic principles, law enforcement, peacekeeping, socio-cultural mixing etc.). The question is now to figure out if the position of the cameroonian army is determined either by the symbol or by the system. In other words, is the Cameroonian army loyal because of its being neo-patrimonialised or because the neo-patrimonial system relies on such loyalty?
Haine, Lydie. "Photographier le Maghreb : regards allogènes sur des sociétés et communautés indigènes (1850-1950)." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070070.
Full textThe European photos in the Maghreb between 1850 and 1950 represent a variety of images of North Africans. They inform us about the North Africans themselves, about the Europeans and, finally, about the relations between both populations in the context of the colonial Empire. The study of the conditions under which the photos were realized shows in particular the influences of the other media on the construction of the photographic stereotypes (lascivious Moresque, Arabic rider). The diachronic analysis distinguishes three phases during which the North Africans stand out as subjects in the European photography (the exploration and the conquest, the colonial Empire, " the development "). The in-depth study of the photographic images, around themes (communities, children, women), gives the measure of the stakes bound to the demolition of the photographic image to reach the understanding of imagination. The mosaic of photos, established over a long period, allows for a more global vision of the Maghreb reality
Dione, Marème. "Les enjeux des politiques et les techniques des travaux publics en Afrique du nord (1939 - 1962) - la politique des plans d’équipement et de modernisation - contribution a l'histoire de la colonisation française en Afrique du nord." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081187.
Full textThe first part of this thesis analyses the equipment and mornizing plans' politics undertaken in french colonies after world war ii, and particularly in north africa. It shows how relationship between the west and north africa has been directed during that time by access to raw materials, including petroleum, and led to take possession of sahara. Second and third parts both investigate politics carried out in these three countries in transport-field and water-field and deal with technical aspects of projects worked out and their involvements. After having drawn up an inventory of technical progress in these chosen areas, we have proved that colony has played a testing stand to acquire technical skill before spreading. We also showed off the burden and influence of american management, country-planning and development models during that period in north africa and in france, that of technics properly so called. Finally, we have thrown into relief the leading part of army in genesis and keeping of colonial space and order
Juhé-Beaulaton, Dominique. "Les paysages végétaux de la Côte des Esclaves du XVII° siècle à la veille de la colonisation : essai d'analyse historique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363964.
Full textLa première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la reconstitution des paysages végétaux à travers une analyse critique de ces sources qui permet de montrer les différents niveaux d'interprétation possible.
La deuxième partie concerne l'aménagement de l'espace en relation avec le milieu végétal. Les hommes dès leur arrivée ont organisé l'espace en fonction des lieux habités et exploités, des zones réservées à la chasse ou aux pratiques religieuses... Cette organisation de l'espace se remarque dans les paysages par la disposition de certaines plantes qui constituent de véritables repères dont la signification religieuse était connue de tous.
La troisième partie étudie l'exploitation des paysages végétaux, ce qui conduit à s'intéresser à l'organisation sociale et politique de la société. Le rôle de la royauté sera particulièrement examiné dans le développement de la palmeraie et l'adoption de nouvelles plantes cultivées d'origine étrangère.
Avant tout essai de restitution des paysages végétaux de cette région de l'Afrique (Sud du Togo et du Bénin), les sources historiques doivent être replacées dans le contexte historique, idéologique et économique dont dépendent la perception et les représentations transmises par les auteurs et informateurs consultés. Il est difficile à partir de ces seules sources de se faire une idée concrète des paysages avant la période coloniale. Ce sont essentiellement les relations des hommes avec leur environnement végétal qui seront analysées. Les hommes, lors de leur installation, ont organisé l'espace en fonction des lieux habités et exploités, des zones réservées à la chasse ou aux pratiques religieuses... Cette structuration de l'espace se remarque dans les paysages par la disposition de certaines plantes qui constituent de véritables repères. La place réservée à la végétation dans les terroirs de chaque communauté est révélatrice des rapports qui existaient entre les hommes et leur environnement végétal. Plantes cultivées, arbres conservés au cours des défrichements culturaux, arbres abritant des divinités ou lieux de culte à l'abri de formations végétales, toutes ces manifestations concourent à codifier l'espace, à construire les paysages. Un développement particulier sera accordé aux arbres et bois sacrés, ainsi qu'à la question de l'introduction et de la diffusion de plantes d'origine américaine. Ceci amènera à considérer la politique agricole des anciens rois du Dahomey, en relation notamment avec le commerce de l'huile de palme qui prend son essor en Europe au XIX° siècle.
Gendry, Thaïs. "Le droit de tuer, La peine de mort au service de l’ordre colonial en Afrique occidentale française, 1900-1950." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0059.
Full textThe justice handed out in the French colonies of West Africa is not a by-product of French metropolitan justice. Oblivious to the separation of power, while being authoritarian and racialized, it is a distinctive way of organizing the right to punish and the right to kill. The death penalty has a scarce historiography in the French empire. It is also marginal in studies pertaining to colonial tools of power, law and order. Yet, it is the culmination of a process central to the establishment and maintenance of colonial domination: the separation between a legitimate right to kill and other types of illegitimate lethal violence. This dissertation explores the role played by the death penalty in the context of French West Africa between 1900 and 1950.The death penalty is analysed as a space where the fundamentals of colonial policies are deployed. Condemnation and executions generate and circulate colonial discourses about African behaviour, giving rise to criminal and enemy figures that ought to be eliminated. The staging of legitimate violence, within courts and by firing squads, continuously re-enacts divisions of power, of status (citizen/subject), of race and culture—the very pillars of the colonial order
Engambé, André. "Les méthodes coloniales et leurs impacts en Afrique Équatoriale française jusqu’en 1958 : cas du Moyen-Congo." Paris 10, 2011. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782343072487.
Full textAfter the slave draft (wilking) which skimmed during centuries Africa, its inside remained still totally unknown. If up to there only coast was visited, the continent kept numerous mysteries. In the second half of the XIXe century, explorers unfurl, moved by the desire of discovery. French side, Pierre Savorgnan De Brazza (two journeys) arrives to the Gabon, creates Franceville, before withle (going down) Alima and sign with Mbé, in 1880, an agreement of transfer with king Makoko. However, as a result of the rivalries which still set the western powers on the ground, the German chancellor Bismarck summons (convenes) an international conference in Berlin in 1884-1885. Of this one, ensues the "balkanization" of the continent so giving birth to the complexes of territories. In 1910, French Equatorial Africa (A. E. F. ) and the Middle-Congo are created. The concessionary companies, which are there since 1899, plunder systematically natural resources. The tax collection says “about capitation”, the hard labour, the portage, the diverse services (performances) are so many methods to which are subjected the “natives”. Everywhere, abuses and exactions came up to the strangers of the populations. The justice, become bicephale, condemns the Natives (autochtons) for a right very different from theirs. The Native population was born. To the political plan (shot), not only parties are born, but they are it just like those of the metropolis. The contrary leaders, as Matsoua, are judged and led (driven) in prison. Simon Kimbangou, then liking of the "black divine word", pay of his life in 1921. The French politics (policy) is then to the antipodes of the motivations of the asserted colonial ideology. Where from, a wild resistance. In fine, the impacts which ensue from it can be only fatal: sufferings, death, impoverishment, poverty, depopulation. . . Even if later, on November 28st, 1958, thanks to De Gaulle, the Middle-Congo becomes
Gregone-Mbombo, Passion Célestin. "La responsabilité du banquier en droit centrafricain : génèse et mise en oeuvre d'un droit emprunté : contribution à l'histoire de la colonisation juridique en Afrique francophone." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0837.
Full textGwet, Ghislaine Ariane. "L'école au Cameroun pendant les périodes coloniales allemande et française et leur retombée sur la situation actuelle." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0008.
Full textThis thesis deals with the school issue in Cameroon during the German and French colonial periods, as well as their impact on the current situation. This is a thorough analysis of the place and forms of education in Cameroon under the German and French colonial yokes. It takes into account the different political objectives and conceptions of man, specific to each of the two colonial powers. It specifically underlines feminine education in each part of this work. The comparative analysis of the German and French colonial educational systems highlights the differences and similarities between the both educational policies and their concrete applications. Our work is not restricted to this comparative approach but goes beyond this. It shows that the educational system in Cameroon is now essentially marked by the French colonial past, whereas the remains of German colonization academically are almost absent
Ould, M'Bareck Sleimane. "Chaikh Sidiyya Baba et les élites musulmanes maures face à la pénétration coloniale française 1900-1924." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20020.
Full textDefinitly the time of the chaikh-s is not ready to be gone by yet and studying the modern (contemporaneous) history of Mauritania is impossible if one ignores all about the Sidiyya Family. The islamic religion and its dignitries had widely overwhelmed the discussion during the colonial period. In Mauritania, a certain family had been singularized by the political, intellectual and religeous wisdom of its leaders, in particular Chaikh Sidiyya Baba. His involvement in the colonization of Mauritanie has provided us an opportunity to have a view on islamic elite of moorish origin in Mauritania. Resistence, collaboration or accomodation are mentionned here one next to the other. This work tries to understand the question of the relationshps between muslim and non-muslim lands white giving a prospect on those between the cohabitation between Islam and the West today
Peiretti, Delphine. "Corps noirs et médecins blancs : Entre race, sexe et genre : savoirs et représentations du corps des Africain(e)s dans les sciences médicales françaises (1780-1950)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3097.
Full textThis research focuses on the descriptions of African people's body according to French medical literature from the end of the 18th century to mid-20th century. Though the « black race » is seen as monolithic group in the medical writings at the beginning of the period, the african multiplicity slightly came up under the colonial doctors' pens, in the last third of the 19th century. Beyond the principal human races classification, the french doctors established a hierarchy between the black peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa, from The Cape of Good Hope to Senegambia. A sexual description of the peoples is added to raciological studies in order to clarify the racial classifications, ethnic hierarchies and to develop knowledge on African people. The african diversity is being highlighted all along the studied period, despite the permanency of numerous racial stereotypes as the hypersexuality of black people or the inversion of gender in Africa. Based on medical dictionaries, work about human races or even on colonial medecine work, our work displays, within the descriptions of the black bodies, the overlapping of the theories about race, gender and sex, and also explains the similarity of the rhetorical methods used to define and describe the Other, should they be female and/or black. Moreover, this research highlights how these representations were influenced by the scientific controversies and the political issues of the period, what they influenced in turn. Though the medical speeches stigmatize racial inferiority of the African people, this work also underlines the antithetical opinions and the conflicts between some doctors about these consensual patterns
Koffi, Ehui Bruno. "Essai sur l'origine du concept et du role des ong europeennes et africaines ( euro - africaines ) dans le developpement en afrique subsaharienne de la colonisation a nos jours." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA111007.
Full textThis thesis attempts to set out the various reasons for black africa's underdevelopment from before the colonial period to the present. The continent's tragic experiences in the form of accumulation and repetition of errors and ideological rivalries, constitute so many obstacles to development. The goal is to underscore the fact that africa will never develop in a dichotomy of intellectual mimicry and minority rulers on the one hand, and traditional peasant africa, bearer of the culture and basis for development on the other. The main point is to invite ngo and also african intellectuals and leaders, to rely on the rural population and traditional forms of social organisation for genuine development. The ultimate end being to bring about overall development in black africa under conditions of political and economic freedom, with peasants grouped in ngo as the main driving force. In achieving this end, africa will fulfill its destiny of a great nation, that of the united states of black africa
Koffi, Ehui Bruno. "Essai sur l'origine du concept et du rôle des ONG européennes et africaines (euro-africaines) dans le développement en Afrique subsaharienne de la colonisation à nos jours." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376147594.
Full textBa, Amadou. "Des "Sénégalais" à Madagascar : militaires ouest-africains dans la conquête et la colonisation de la Grande-île (1895-1960)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070024.
Full textOf Senegalese in Madagascar : West African Soldiers in the Colonization of the Grande Ile (1895-1960) France, in the second half of the 19th century, in an attempt to regain part of the grandeur she had lost during the Napoleonic wars, and most significantly in the aftermath of her defeat against Prussia in 1980, resumed her colonization policy in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In March 1895, an expedition launched against the Grande ile resulted in the capture of Antanananarivo in September that same year. The troops sent to this country included individuals hailing from Afrique Occidentale Française (French West Africa), usually referred to as the "tirailleurs senegalais" - even though most of them did not originate from the colony of Senegal per se, but rather from other territories - who played a significant part After being used as units of conquest and « pacifying », the African recruits from the A. O. F, Afrique occidentale française (French West Africa), remained stationed in this southwestern Indian océan colony as an occupying force and turned into police forces. In the year 1947, a violent insurrection broke out in eastern Madagascar. In order to repress this uprising, France sent once more battalions of "tirailleurs sénégalais", quartered in her Djibouti base, but also in metropolitan France. Many of those soldiers were killed (1,900 "tirailleurs" died). At the end of the operation, large numbers of those soldiers were maintained in this country as policemen, as had been the case at the beginning of the XIXth century, and without ever returning to their homeland. Drawing from archives (Vincennes and Aix-en-Provence in France, the National Archives of Senegal and the Archives of the Republic of Madagascar), iconography and films, fieldwork carried out in Madagascar in 2006, in Senegal (2006 and 2008), and in France; but drawing mostly from books and journals on the history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais", colonial French and Malagasy military history, I seek to pièce together this history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais". A history both neglected by scholars and overlooked by the French nation. My dissertation falls into three chapters: First, I analyze the main motivations behind the military draft in West Africa used so as to conquer a colony located thousands of kilometers away from A. O. F. (French West Africa). What were the particulars, the methods, and the strategies of the draft? What was the position of the A. O. F. In this draft? How did the young African view the army? Where those recruits volunteers? What were their social and ethnic backgrounds? The second chapter is devoted to the study of the various missions the tirailleurs sénégalais were trusted with. What was their role in the colonization of Malagascar? What happened to them after the conquest and "pacifying"? Lastly, I turn to the contemporary impact of a West African presence in the colonization of Madagascar through three themes:
Souyris, Bernard. "Bobo et Bwaba pendant et après la colonisation : identité et organisation collective des populations africaines de la boucle du Mouhoun pendant le XXe siècle." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30032/document.
Full textBased on analysis of colonial and ethnographic studies, I tried to understand in this thesis how established the classifications of African populations from racial presumptions and reifying identifications in a region of western Africa where the "mixture of races" had struck the first observers. As these synchronous representations stood out, the conquest and the colonial administration forced changes to the productivity and to the existing power, transforming the people’s collective lives and their spiritual and religious worlds. A ground study in and around Sara's village, located in the loop of Mouhoun, completes the study of the colonial papers and highlights the existence of ethnic lineages in forming social and political structure, making distinctions between the Bwaba and the "foreigners", what seems to be at the origin of a feeling ofmembership of a geographically undefined human group, in Bwamu "Bwabawa.» This study also confirms the existence of transformations which appeared during and after colonization
Idourah, Silvère Ngoundos. "Colonisation et confiscation de la justice en Afrique : l'administration de la justice au Gabon, Moyen-Congo, Oubangui-Chari et Tchad, de la création des colonies à l'aube des indépendances /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377178835.
Full textEn appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 369-388.
Huillery, Elise. "Histoire coloniale : développement et inégalités dans l'ancienne Afrique occidentale française." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0111.
Full textThis PhD dissertation uses first-hand historical data on colonial French West Africa. First, I focus on the costs and benefits of colonial experience for France and its former colonies. I review the existing literature and show that evidence on whether colonialism was a costly or beneficiary experience for France is not clear yet. Then I provide an answer on the direct cost of French West Africa for French public expenses: this cost turns out to be very small -on average 0. 1 % of all public expenses. Few public investments were made during colonial times and almost all of them were financed by local population itself. Using econometrics, the thesis then seeks to provide evidence on the long term impact of colonial experience on current performances. I show that early colonial public investments m education, health and public works had large and persistent effects on current outcomes, and that a major channel for the long term effect of early investments is a strong persistence of investments: regions that got more of a specific type of investment at the early colonial times continued to get more of this particular type of investment. Finally, I give evidence that Europeans tended to settle in more prosperous pre-colonial areas and that the European settlement had a strong positive impact on current outcomes. I argue that the African hostility towards colonial power to colonisation provides a random variation in European settlement. Despite, the absence of a "reversal of fortune" within former French West Africa, some of the most prosperous pre-colonial areas lost their advantage because of their hostility: other areas caught up and became the new leaders in the region
Ewangue, Jean-Lucien. "L' économie de plantation et son impact au Cameroun sous administration française, 1916-1960." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070005.
Full textCameroon experienced a rapid growth in the domain of plantation economy in Africa during the period of colonisation. To assure the development of plantations in Cameroon, France as well as Germany used hard measures to force workers to work on these plantations. Plantations have been a catalyst of changes occurred within the Cameroonian societies during the colonial period. Thus, this study based on plantation economy in Cameroon under the French administration reveals the factors of ' modernity" and change that took place in the Cameroonian society during the period of colonisation. This research has equally brought out the divergences of situations and regional reactions