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Journal articles on the topic 'Color centers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 July 2024

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1

Fan, Yexin, Ying Song, Zongwei Xu, Jintong Wu, Rui Zhu, Qiang Li, and Fengzhou Fang. "Numerical study of silicon vacancy color centers in silicon carbide by helium ion implantation and subsequent annealing." Nanotechnology 33, no. 12 (December 24, 2021): 125701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac40c1.

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Abstract Molecular dynamics simulation is adopted to discover the formation mechanism of silicon vacancy color center and to study the damage evolution in 4H-SiC during helium ion implantation with different annealing temperatures. The number and distribution of silicon vacancy color centers during He ion implantation can be more accurately simulated by introducing the ionization energy loss during implantation. A new method for numerical statistic of silicon vacancy color centers is proposed, which takes into account the structure around the color centers and makes statistical results more accurate than the Wigner–Seitz defect analysis method. Meanwhile, the photoluminescence spectra of silicon vacancy color centers at different helium ion doses are characterized to verify the correctness of the numerical analysis. The new silicon vacancy color center identification method can help predicting the optimal annealing temperature for silicon vacancy color centers, and provide guidance for subsequent color center annealing experiments.

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2

Litvak, Ira, Avner Cahana, Yaakov Anker, Sharon Ruthstein, and Haim Cohen. "Nitrogen Structure Determination in Treated Fancy Diamonds via EPR Spectroscopy." Crystals 12, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121775.

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Color induction in nitrogen-contaminated diamonds was carried out via various procedures that involve irradiation, thermal treatments (annealing), and more. These treatments affect vacancy defect production and atom orientation centers in the diamond lattice. Natural diamonds underwent color enhancement treatments in order to produce green, blue, and yellow fancy diamonds. The aim of this study was to follow the changes occurring during the treatment, mainly by EPR spectroscopy, which is the main source for the determination of the effect of paramagnetic centers (carbon-centered radicals) on the color centers produced via the treatments, but also via visual assessment, fluorescence, UV-vis, and FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicate that diamonds containing high levels of nitrogen contamination are associated with high carbon-centered radical concentrations. Four paramagnetic center structures (N1, N4, and P2/W21) were generated by the treatment. It is suggested that the N4 structure correlates with the formation of blue color centers, whereas yellow color centers are attributed to the presence of N1 species. While to produce blue and yellow colors, a thermal treatment is needed after irradiation, for treated green diamonds, no thermal treatment is needed (only irradiation).

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3

R. Varney, Chris, and Farida A. Selim. "Color centers in YAG." AIMS Materials Science 2, no. 4 (2015): 560–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2015.4.560.

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4

Matsuyama, S., K. Ishii, H. Yamazaki, H. Endoh, H. Yuki, T. Satoh, S. Sugihara, et al. "COLORATION OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) FILM BY 3MeV PROTON BEAMS." International Journal of PIXE 11, no. 03n04 (January 2001): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083501000141.

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Coloration of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films by using 3 MeV proton beams was studied by means of absorption spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared absorption (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Absorbance of the films increased with the dose and faded in time. Absorbance changes are caused by formation of color centers. The color centers had three components: permanent, long-lived and short-lived. Long-lived and short-lived color centers were formed by reactive species such as radicals. Annealing of color center is well explained by a proposed sequential process.

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5

Toledo, José R., Raphaela de Oliveira, Lorena N. Dias, Mário L. C. Chaves, Joachim Karfunkel, Ricardo Scholz, Maurício V. B. Pinheiro, and Klaus Krambrock. "Radiation-induced defects in montebrasite: An electron paramagnetic resonance study of O – hole and Ti3+ electron centers." American Mineralogist 105, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7168.

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Abstract Montebrasite is a lithium aluminum phosphate mineral with the chemical formula LiAlPO4(Fx,OH1–x) and considered a rare gemstone material when exhibiting good crystallinity. In general, montebrasite is colorless, sometimes pale yellow or pale blue. Many minerals that do not have colors contain hydroxyl ions in their crystal structures and can develop color centers after ionization or particle irradiation, examples of which are topaz, quartz, and tourmaline. The color centers in these minerals are often related to O− hole centers, where the color is produced by bound small polarons inducing absorption bands in the near UV to the visible spectral range. In this work, colorless montebrasite specimens from Minas Gerais state, Brazil, were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for radiation-induced defects and color centers. Although γ irradiation (up to a total dose of 1 MGy) did not visibly modify color, a 10 MeV electron irradiation (80 MGy) induced a pale greenish-blue color. Using EPR, O− hole centers were identified in both γ- or electron-irradiated montebrasite samples showing superhyperfine interactions with two nearly equivalent 27Al nuclei. In addition, two different Ti3+ electron centers were also observed. From the γ irradiation dose dependency and thermal stability experiments, it is concluded that production of O− hole centers is limited by simultaneous creation of Ti3+ electron centers located between two equivalent hydroxyl groups. In contrast, the concentration of O− hole centers can be strongly increased by high-dose electron irradiation independent of the type of Ti3+ electron centers. From detailed analysis of the EPR angular rotation patterns, microscopic models for the O− hole and Ti3+ electron centers are presented, as well as their role in the formation of color centers discussed and compared to other minerals.

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6

Kim, Suk Hyun, Kyeong Ho Park, Young Gie Lee, Seong Jun Kang, Yongsup Park, and Young Duck Kim. "Color Centers in Hexagonal Boron Nitride." Nanomaterials 13, no. 16 (August 15, 2023): 2344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13162344.

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Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has emerged as an essential material for the encapsulation layer in van der Waals heterostructures and efficient deep ultraviolet optoelectronics. This is primarily due to its remarkable physical properties and ultrawide bandgap (close to 6 eV, and even larger in some cases) properties. Color centers in hBN refer to intrinsic vacancies and extrinsic impurities within the 2D crystal lattice, which result in distinct optical properties in the ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (IR) range. Furthermore, each color center in hBN exhibits a unique emission spectrum and possesses various spin properties. These characteristics open up possibilities for the development of next-generation optoelectronics and quantum information applications, including room-temperature single-photon sources and quantum sensors. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the atomic configuration, optical and quantum properties, and different techniques employed for the formation of color centers in hBN. A deep understanding of color centers in hBN allows for advances in the development of next-generation UV optoelectronic applications, solid-state quantum technologies, and nanophotonics by harnessing the exceptional capabilities offered by hBN color centers.

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7

Sledz, Florian, Assegid M. Flatae, Stefano Lagomarsino, Savino Piccolomo, Shannon S. Nicley, Ken Haenen, Robert Rechenberg, et al. "Light emission from color centers in phosphorus-doped diamond." EPJ Web of Conferences 266 (2022): 09008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226609008.

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Light emission from color centers in diamond is being extensively investigated for developing, among other quantum devices, single-photon sources operating at room temperature. By doping diamond with phosphorus, one obtains an n-type semiconductor, which can be exploited for the electrical excitation of color centers. Here, we discuss the optical properties of color centers in phosphorus-doped diamond, especially the silicon-vacancy center, presenting the single-photon emission characteristics and the temperature dependence aiming for electroluminescent single-photon emitting devices.

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8

Wang, Xiao‐Jie, Hong‐Hua Fang, Fang‐Wen Sun, and Hong‐Bo Sun. "Laser Writing of Color Centers." Laser & Photonics Reviews 16, no. 1 (November 13, 2021): 2100029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202100029.

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9

Nakagawa, M., M. Okada, K. Atobe, H. Itoh, S. Nakanishi, and K. Kondo. "Color centers in irradiated MgF2." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 119-121, no. 2 (November 1991): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420159108220799.

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10

Panchenko, T. V., N. A. Truseyeva, and Yu G. Osetsky. "Color centers in Bi12SiO20single crystals." Ferroelectrics 129, no. 1 (May 1992): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199208016981.

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11

Guloyan, Yu A. "On color centers in glasses." Glass and Ceramics 68, no. 9-10 (January 2012): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-012-9373-9.

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12

Gash, P., R. H. Bartram, and T. J. Gryk. "Model Pseudopotentials for Color Centers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 249 (November 1, 2010): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/249/1/012006.

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13

Voronova, V., N. Shiran, A. Gektin, V. Nesterkina, K. Shimamura, and N. Ichinose. "Color centers in BaMgF4 crystals." physica status solidi (c) 2, no. 1 (January 2005): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.200460229.

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14

Martyshkin, D. V., J. G. Parker, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov. "Tunable distributed feedback color center laser using stabilized F2+** color centers in LiF crystal." Applied Physics Letters 84, no. 16 (April 19, 2004): 3022–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1699446.

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15

Castelletto, Stefania, Jovan Maksimovic, Tomas Katkus, Takeshi Ohshima, Brett C. Johnson, and Saulius Juodkazis. "Color Centers Enabled by Direct Femto-Second Laser Writing in Wide Bandgap Semiconductors." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010072.

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Color centers in silicon carbide are relevant for applications in quantum technologies as they can produce single photon sources or can be used as spin qubits and in quantum sensing applications. Here, we have applied femtosecond laser writing in silicon carbide and gallium nitride to generate vacancy-related color centers, giving rise to photoluminescence from the visible to the infrared. Using a 515 nm wavelength 230 fs pulsed laser, we produce large arrays of silicon vacancy defects in silicon carbide with a high localization within the confocal diffraction limit of 500 nm and with minimal material damage. The number of color centers formed exhibited power-law scaling with the laser fabrication energy indicating that the color centers are created by photoinduced ionization. This work highlights the simplicity and flexibility of laser fabrication of color center arrays in relevant materials for quantum applications.

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16

Li, Yong, Xiaozhou Chen, Maowu Ran, Yanchao She, Zhengguo Xiao, Meihua Hu, Ying Wang, and Jun An. "Dependence of nitrogen vacancy color centers on nitrogen concentration in synthetic diamond." Chinese Physics B 31, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 046107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac3220.

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Crystallization of diamond with different nitrogen concentrations was carried out with a FeNiCo–C system at pressure of 6.5 GPa. As the nitrogen concentration in diamond increased, the color of the synthesized diamond crystals changed from colorless to yellow and finally to atrovirens (a dark green). All the Raman peaks for the obtained crystals were located at about 1330 cm−1 and contained only the sp3 hybrid diamond phase. Based on Fourier transform infrared results, the nitrogen concentration of the colorless diamond was < 1 ppm and absorption peaks corresponding to nitrogen impurities were not detected. However, the C-center nitrogen concentration of the atrovirens diamond reached 1030 ppm and the value of A-center nitrogen was approximately 180 ppm with a characteristic absorption peak at 1282 cm−1. Furthermore, neither the NV0 nor the NV− optical color center existed in diamond crystal with nitrogen impurities of less than 1 ppm by photoluminescence measurement. However, Ni-related centers located at 695 nm and 793.6 nm were observed in colorless diamond. The NE8 color center at 793.6 nm has more potential for application than the common NV centers. NV0 and NV− optical color centers coexist in diamond without any additives in the synthesis system. Importantly, only the NV− color center was noticed in diamond with a higher nitrogen concentration, which maximized optimization of the NV−/NV0 ratio in the diamond structure. This study has provided a new way to prepare diamond containing only NV− optical color centers.

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17

Nassr, E. "Effect of F_A: X⁺³ (X = B, Al, and Ga) Color Centers on the Electronic and Optical Properties of LiF (001) Surface." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3184.

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The density functional theory and configuration interaction single excitations methods were used to study the effect of FA color centers on the electronic and optical properties of the LiF (001) surface. Three types of FA color centers were used, FA: B+3, FA: Al+3, and FA: Ga+3. The evaluated values of the ionization potential, chemical hardness, and softness indicate the stability of the investigated color centers. FA: B+3 is the most stable one. While the electron affinity values reveal that the FA: Al+3 center is the highest reactive one. The Ultraviolet-Visible spectra for FA: B+3, FA: Al+3, and FA: Ga+3 centers showed that the scrutinized centers have two absorption peaks. The highest absorption peak recorded for FA: B+3 center is located at 285 nm, while the highest absorption peaks recorded for FA: Al+3, and FA: Ga+3 centers are located at 173 and 165 nm, respectively. According to the light-harvesting efficiency values, FA: Al+3, and FA: Ga+3 centers have the highest efficiency to gather the energy during the pumping process than FA: B+3 centers. Stokes-shift values for FA: B+3, FA: Al+3, and FA: Ga+3 centers were 0.16, 0.37, and 0.33 eV, respectively, consequently, FA: Al+3 and FA: Ga+3 centers, are more suitable for laser production than FA: B+3 center.

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18

Fritsch, Emmanuel, and George R. Rossman. "An Update on Color in Gems. Part 2: Colors Involving Multiple Atoms and Color Centers." Gems & Gemology 24, no. 1 (April 1, 1988): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/gems.24.1.3.

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19

Firstov, Valeriy, Victor Firstov, Alexander Voloshinov, and Paul Locher. "The Colorimetric Barycenter of Paintings." Empirical Studies of the Arts 25, no. 2 (July 2007): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/10t0-2378-0583-73q4.

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The locations of the colorimetric barycenter or “center of gravity” of the pictorial fields of paintings were compared graphically with the geometric centers of the art works. The art stimuli consisted of reproductions of 1332 paintings of different compositional genres created by renowned Russian artists. It was observed that artists' manipulation of a color palette and their spatial control of color within a composition resulted in the location of the colorimetric barycenter of a painting corresponding closely to its geometric center for both representational and abstract paintings. This finding demonstrates the power of the center of a pictorial field to function as a balancing point about which artists exert spatial control of color among all of the compositional colors and the areas they occupy within a pictorial field.

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20

Krishna, R. V. V., and S. Srinivas Kumar. "Hybridizing Differential Evolution with a Genetic Algorithm for Color Image Segmentation." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 5 (October 23, 2016): 1182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.799.

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This paper proposes a hybrid of differential evolution and genetic algorithms to solve the color image segmentation problem. Clustering based color image segmentation algorithms segment an image by clustering the features of color and texture, thereby obtaining accurate prototype cluster centers. In the proposed algorithm, the color features are obtained using the homogeneity model. A new texture feature named Power Law Descriptor (PLD) which is a modification of Weber Local Descriptor (WLD) is proposed and further used as a texture feature for clustering. Genetic algorithms are competent in handling binary variables, while differential evolution on the other hand is more efficient in handling real parameters. The obtained texture feature is binary in nature and the color feature is a real value, which suits very well the hybrid cluster center optimization problem in image segmentation. Thus in the proposed algorithm, the optimum texture feature centers are evolved using genetic algorithms, whereas the optimum color feature centers are evolved using differential evolution.

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21

Luzanov, A. V. "A semiempirical description of functionalized nanodiamonds with NV- color centers." Functional materials 23, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm23.02.268.

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22

Yang, Mingyang, Qilong Yuan, Jingyao Gao, Shengcheng Shu, Feiyue Chen, Huifang Sun, Kazuhito Nishimura, et al. "A Diamond Temperature Sensor Based on the Energy Level Shift of Nitrogen-Vacancy Color Centers." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111576.

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The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond has been widely investigated in quantum information and quantum biosensors due to its excellent photon emission stability and long spin coherence time. However, the temperature dependence of the energy level of NV color centers in diamond is different from other semiconductors with the same diamond cubic structure for the high Debye temperature and very small thermal expansion coefficient of diamond. In this work, a diamond sensor for temperature measurement with high precision was fabricated based on the investigation of the energy level shifts of NV centers by Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The results show that the intensity and linewidth of the zero-phonon line of NV centers highly depend on the environmental temperature, and the energy level shifts of NV centers in diamond follow the modified Varshni model very well, a model which is better than the traditional version. Accordingly, the NV color center shows the ability in temperature measurement with a high accuracy of up to 98%. The high dependence of NV centers on environmental temperature shows the possibility of temperature monitoring of NV center-based quantum sensors in biosystems.

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23

Nakamoto, Takayoshi, Ryuei Nishii, and Shinto Eguchi. "Predicting precision matrices for color matching problem." International Journal of Mathematics for Industry 11, no. 01 (May 28, 2019): 1950002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661335219500023.

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In this paper, as data, ellipsoids in a color coordinate called the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE)-Lab system are given as data for 19 colors. Each ellipsoid is a region where all points are visually recognized as the same color at the center of the coordinate system. Our aim here is to predict the shape of an ellipsoid whose center is given by a new color. We proposed two prediction methods of positive definite matrices determining ellipsoids. The first one is a nonparametric method with Gaussian kernel. The prediction is provided as a weighted sum of positive definite matrices corresponding to 19 ellipsoids in the training data. The second one is to use a matrix-valued regression model applied to a logarithm of positive definite matrices where explanatory variables are three elements of color centers. The best result was obtained by the nonparametric methods with three bandwidth parameters. The log normal regression had a weaker performance, but even so the model estimation was easily carried out.

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24

Gao, Si, Yan-Zhao Duan, Zhen-Nan Tian, Yong-Lai Zhang, Qi-Dai Chen, Bing-Rong Gao, and Hong-Bo Sun. "Laser-induced color centers in crystals." Optics & Laser Technology 146 (February 2022): 107527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107527.

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25

Potera, P., A. Matkovskii, D. Sugak, L. Grigorjeva, D. Millers, and V. Pankratov. "Transient color centers in GGG crystals." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 157, no. 6-12 (January 2002): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420150215740.

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26

Bochkova, T. M., M. D. Volnyanskii, D. M. Volnyanskii, and V. S. Shchetinkin. "Color centers in lead molybdate crystals." Physics of the Solid State 45, no. 2 (February 2003): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1553525.

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27

Plumb, Robert C., and John O. Edwards. "Color centers in UV-irradiated nitrates." Journal of Physical Chemistry 96, no. 8 (April 1992): 3245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100187a014.

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28

Borzdun, V. N., G. G. Makarevich, V. Kh Pak, and S. M. Ryabykh. "Color Centers in Irradiated Potassium Picrate." High Energy Chemistry 38, no. 4 (July 2004): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:hiec.0000035412.71340.98.

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29

Teng, Ye-Yung, Charles A. Carey, J. D. Kuppenheimer, and J. C. Doherty. "F_2^− color centers in LiF crystals." Applied Optics 25, no. 6 (March 15, 1986): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.25.000829.

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30

Xi-qi, Feng, He Xue-mei, and She Wei-long. "Color centers in LiNbO 3 crystals." Chinese Physics Letters 2, no. 9 (September 1985): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/2/9/009.

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31

Huang, Zhongjie, Lyndsey R. Powell, Xiaojian Wu, Mijin Kim, Haoran Qu, Peng Wang, Jacob L. Fortner, Beibei Xu, Allen L. Ng, and YuHuang Wang. "Photolithographic Patterning of Organic Color‐Centers." Advanced Materials 32, no. 14 (April 2020): 1906517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906517.

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32

Letokhov, V. S., and S. K. Sekatskii. "Laser-Excited One-Atom Source of Electrons." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 06, no. 04 (December 1997): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863597000307.

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A finite number of color centers in the region of sharp crystal needle's tip has been recently observed by laser resonance photoelectron projection microscopy technique. Hereby we present a new result in the field: only one single color center was observed on the tip region of lithium fluoride and calcium fluoride needles. Due to the high fluorescence yield of these color centers such needles can be treated as one-atom light sources, and perspectives of their application in Scanning One-Atom Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Microscopy are briefly discussed.

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33

Li, Fang, and Yuanming Zhu. "Smoothing and Clustering Guided Image Decolorization." Image Analysis & Stereology 40, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.2348.

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In this paper, we propose a new image decolorization method based on image clustering and weight optimization. First, we smooth the color image and cluster it into several classes and get the class centers. Each center can represent a distinctive color in the image. Then the class centers are sorted according to their brightness measured by Euclidean norm. By assuming that the decolorized grayscale image is a linear combination of the three channels of the color image, we propose an optimization problem by forcing the sorted class centers to correspond to specified grayscale values satisfying uniform distribution. Numerically, the problem is solved by quadratic programming. Experiments on two popular data sets demonstrate that the proposed method is competitive with the state-of-the-art decolorization method.

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34

Jelezko, Fedor. "Diamond based quantum technologies." EPJ Web of Conferences 190 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819001003.

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Diamond is not only the king gemstone, but also a promising material in quantum technologies. Optically active impurities (colour centers) in diamond show unique coherence properties under ambient conditions. Their quantum state can be readout and manipulated using a combination of single molecule spectroscopy and magnetic resonance techniques. In this talk it will be shown how engineered spins in diamond can be used for creation of non-classical (entangled) quantum states. I will also demonstrate the potential of atomic magnetometers based on single color centers for nanoscale sensing and imaging. New photoelectric detection technique allowing efficient readout of single color centers will be discussed.

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35

Silva, Catarina, João M. P. Coelho, Andreia Ruivo, Maria Luísa Botelho, and António Pires de Matos. "Nanosecond Near-Infrared Laser Discoloration of Gamma Irradiated Silicate Glasses." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.123.

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Due to its non-crystalline, amorphous structure, glass is particularly susceptible to radiation-induced coloration/discoloration. Oxide glasses reveal a variety of colors depending upon their composition when exposed to high energy radiations such as gamma and X-rays, and the colors induced have been explained in terms of the formation of color centers. These effects can be reversed by heating or upon exposure to light at wavelengths corresponding to the absorption region of the color centers, a process known as discoloration. Laser can be an efficient process for accomplish this in a localized manner. The aim of this work was to study local discoloration of gamma radiation exposed silicate glasses by application of a nanosecond pulses infrared laser beam. Experimental results validated a numerical model and proved the viability of local laser discoloration of gamma ray irradiated silicate glasses. Although there has been much work focusing the creation and destruction of color centers in glasses, to the best of our knowledge, the application of infrared laser radiation in the local annealing of gamma irradiated glasses was for the first time explored.

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36

Ge, Xiao, Qingfeng Guo, Qianqian Wang, Tao Li, and Libing Liao. "Mineralogical Characteristics and Luminescent Properties of Natural Fluorite with Three Different Colors." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15061983.

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Fluorite is rich in mineral resources and its gorgeous colors and excellent luminescence characteristics have attracted the attention of many scholars. In this paper, the composition, structure, luminescent properties, and the potential application value of three fluorites with different colors and are systematically analyzed. The results show that REE and radioactive elements have effects on the structure, color, and luminescence of fluorite. Radioactive elements Th and U will aggravate the formation of crystal defects in fluorite. The green color is related to Ce3+ and Sm2+. Colloidal calcium and F− center are responsible for the blue-purple color of fluorite. There are many luminescent centers, such as Eu, Pr, Dy, Tb, Er, and Sm, in fluorite. The blue fluorescence is mainly caused by 4f7-4f65d1 of Eu2+. In addition, it is found that fluorite has certain temperature sensing properties in the temperature range of 303–343 K.

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37

Kurochkin, N. S., S. P. Eliseev, V. V. Sychev, A. V. Gritsienko, V. S. Gorelik, and A. G. Vitukhnovsky. "Single photon sources based on HPHT nanodiamonds." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2015, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2015/1/012053.

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Abstract Color centers in nanodiamonds are promising candidates for the creation of high-speed sources of single photons without blinking and degradation. Color centers in HPHT nanodiamonds have been investigated. The luminescence decay curves of color centers have been measured. Second order correlation functions were measured for nanodiamonds with sizes from 50 nm to 250 nm. Conclusions about the energy structure of color centers were made based on the correlation functions.

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38

Liu, Yang, Qingfeng Guo, Liangyu Liu, Sixue Zhang, Qingling Li, and Libing Liao. "Comparative Study on Gemological and Mineralogical Characteristics and Coloration Mechanism of Four Color Types of Fluorite." Crystals 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13010075.

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Fluorite has been attracting the attention of gemstone mineralogists because of its rich color and excellent fluorescence properties. This paper studied fluorite with three color types (blue, green, and white) and five blue-purple fluorites with an alexandrite effect. Through the study of their structure, composition, and spectral characteristics, the gemological and mineralogical characteristics and coloration mechanisms of different color types of fluorites are compared and analyzed. The results show that the color of fluorite is caused by multiple color centers. Blue fluorite is associated with Y3+-F− color center, while green fluorite is associated with a Y3+-Ce2+-F− color center and Sm2+ color center, and white fluorite contains vacancy color center. The color of white fluorite is a mixture of yellow tones produced in visible light and blue fluorescence under UV light. Blue-purple color is caused by the colloid calcium color center and 2F− color center, and its changing from blue-purple to red-purplish (alexandrite effect) are due to colloidal calcium nanoparticles caused by radioactive element Th.

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Luzanov, A. V. "About theoretical peculiarities of lowest excitations in modified nanodiamond color centers." Functional materials 23, no. 4 (March 24, 2017): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm24.01.127.

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Xu, Qiang, Keyu Shi, and Ming Ronnier Luo. "Parametric effects in color-difference evaluation." Optics Express 30, no. 18 (August 26, 2022): 33302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.462628.

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An experiment was conducted to investigate three parameters affecting color-difference evaluation on a display: 4 sample sizes (2°, 4°, 10°, and 20°), 2 color-difference magnitudes (4 and 8 CIELAB units), and 2 separations (inclusion or exclusion of the separation line between two colors in a pair). Sample pairs surrounding 5 CIE recommended color centers were prepared. In total, 1120 sample pairs of colors were assessed 20 times using the grey-scale method. The experimental results were used to reveal various parametric effects and to verify the performance of different color matching functions (CMFs) and four color difference formulae and uniform color spaces. It was found that there was little difference in terms of ΔE values calculated using different CMFs for all the color models tested. A parametric formula was proposed to predict three parametric effects for sample pairs having no-separation line: 1) differences in sample size, 2) media (surface and self-luminous colors), and 3) color-difference magnitudes.

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Alkahtani, Masfer. "Silicon Vacancy in Boron-Doped Nanodiamonds for Optical Temperature Sensing." Materials 16, no. 17 (August 30, 2023): 5942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16175942.

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Boron-doped nanodiamonds (BNDs) have recently shown a promising potential in hyperthermia and thermoablation therapy, especially in heating tumor cells. To remotely monitor eigen temperature during such operations, diamond color centers have shown a sensitive optical temperature sensing. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamonds have shown the best sensitivity in nanothermometry; however, spin manipulation of the NV center with green laser and microwave-frequency excitations is still a huge challenge for biological applications. Silicon-vacancy (SiV) color center in nano/bulk diamonds has shown a great potential to be a good replacement of the NV center in diamond as it can be excited and detected within the biological transparency window and its thermometry operations depends only on its zero-phonon line (ZPL) shift as a function of temperature changes. In this work, BNDs were carefully etched on smooth diamond nanocrystals’ sharp edges and implanted with silicon for optical temperature sensing. Optical temperature sensing using SiV color centers in BNDs was performed over a small range of temperature within the biological temperature window (296–308 K) with an excellent sensitivity of 0.2 K in 10 s integration time. These results indicate that there are likely to be better application of more biocompatible BNDs in hyperthermia and thermoablation therapy using a biocompatible diamond color center.

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Inam, Faraz Ahmed, and Stefania Castelletto. "Metal-Dielectric Nanopillar Antenna-Resonators for Efficient Collected Photon Rate from Silicon Carbide Color Centers." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010195.

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A yet unresolved challenge in developing quantum technologies based on color centres in high refractive index semiconductors is the efficient fluorescence enhancement of point defects in bulk materials. Optical resonators and antennas have been designed to provide directional emission, spontaneous emission rate enhancement and collection efficiency enhancement at the same time. While collection efficiency enhancement can be achieved by individual nanopillars or nanowires, fluorescent emission enhancement is achieved using nanoresonators or nanoantennas. In this work, we optimise the design of a metal-dielectric nanopillar-based antenna/resonator fabricated in a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate with integrated quantum emitters. Here we consider various color centres known in SiC such as silicon mono-vacancy and the carbon antisite vacancy pair, that show single photon emission and quantum sensing functionalities with optical electron spin read-out, respectively. We model the dipole emission fluorescence rate of these color centres into the metal-dielectric nanopillar hybrid antenna resonator using multi-polar electromagnetic scattering resonances and near-field plasmonic field enhancement and confinement. We calculate the fluorescence collected photon rate enhancement for these solid state vacancy-centers in SiC in these metal-dielectric nanopillar resonators, showing a trade-off effect between the collection efficiency and radiative Purcell factor enhancement. We obtained a collected photon rate enhancement from a silicon monovacancy vacancy center embedded in an optimised hybrid antenna-resonator two orders of magnitude larger compared to the case of the color centres in bulk material.

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Green, Ben L., Alan T. Collins, and Christopher M. Breeding. "Diamond Spectroscopy, Defect Centers, Color, and Treatments." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 88, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 637–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2022.88.12.

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Dou, Qingqing, Beibei Xu, Xiaojian Wu, Junyao Mo, and YuHuang Wang. "Tunable photo-patterning of organic color-centers." Materials & Design 212 (December 2021): 110252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110252.

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Hausmann, Birgit J. M., Thomas M. Babinec, Jennifer T. Choy, Jonathan S. Hodges, Sungkun Hong, Irfan Bulu, Amir Yacoby, Mikhail D. Lukin, and Marko Lončar. "Single-color centers implanted in diamond nanostructures." New Journal of Physics 13, no. 4 (April 5, 2011): 045004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/13/4/045004.

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Zielasek, V., T. Hildebrandt, and M. Henzler. "Surface color centers on epitaxial NaCl films." Physical Review B 62, no. 4 (July 15, 2000): 2912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.62.2912.

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Kulis, P., M. Springis, and I. Tale. "Annealing of color centers in LiBaF 3." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 157, no. 6-12 (January 2002): 737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420150215746.

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Castelletto, Stefania, and Alberto Boretti. "Silicon carbide color centers for quantum applications." Journal of Physics: Photonics 2, no. 2 (March 6, 2020): 022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ab77a2.

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Shiran, N., A. Belsky, A. Gektin, S. Gridin, and I. Boiaryntseva. "Radioluminescence of color centers in LiF crystals." Radiation Measurements 56 (September 2013): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2013.01.047.

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Potera, P., and A. Piecuch. "Color centers in Cu-doped Bi12SiO20 crystals." Physica B: Condensed Matter 387, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2006.04.024.

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