Journal articles: 'Color Vision Defects'

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Godar, ST, KR Kaini, and JB Khattri. "Profile of Color Vision Defects in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Nepal." Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences 3, no. 1 (May 2, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10340.

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Background: Significant numbers of people suffer from color vision defect but most of the time remains an unnoticed problem. The present work was undertaken to study the profile of color vision defects in Western region of Nepal. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, hospital based study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Western Nepal from January 2012 to December2012. Total of 971 patients were selected by simple random method. In each patient assessment of visual acuity and the examination of anterior segment and posterior segment was done. Color vision was tested by Ishihara Pseudo isochromatic chart. Results: Out of total 971 patients, 501 were males (51.59%) and 470were females (48.40%). Out of this total, 91 (9.37%) had color vision defects. Among the color vision defects patients,68were males (74.72%)and 23 were females (25.27%). Congenital color vision defect was seen in 10.97% of males and 2.97% of females whereas acquired color vision defect was observed in 2.57% of males and 1.91% of females respectively. Color vision defects were observed more in Chhetri (14.38%), followed by Brahmin (10.16%) and Magar caste (9.89%). Conclusion: The prevalence of color vision defect in Nepal is significant. All people should be screened for color vision defect and advised about it so that they can take special care in daily practice as well as in future life Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 03 | Number 01 | January-June 2014 | Page 1-4 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10340

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Neitz, Maureen. "Molecular Genetics of Color Vision and Color Vision Defects." Archives of Ophthalmology 118, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.118.5.691.

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Khatri, Anadi, Bal Kumar K.C, Sudhir Gautam, and Muna Kharel. "THE BURDEN OF COLOR VISION DEFECT IN NEPAL – AN ICEBERG PHENOMENON." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 9, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.32.

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Background: Color vision tests are routinely performed and are mandatory in most part of the world. However, in Nepal and many other developing countries, color vision may often be overlooked. We evaluated a possible burden of color vision in a group of patients who were specifically evaluated for a color vision defects. This study evalutes the awareness of color vision defect among the patients evaluated and highlights the importance of the color vision evaluation. Methods: A sequential group of 73 people from August to September 2017 specifically evaluated for color vision defect for recruitment of government employment were evaluated. Ishiharapseudo-isochromatic plates and Farnsworth-Munsell Dichotomous D-15 test were used for screening. Mean and Standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis of the data. Results: Fifty-seven were male and sixteen were female. The mean age was 23 years (SD ± 3.7). On evaluation of the color vision defect, 9 (12.3%) were found to have total color vision defect (achromatopsia), 3 (4%)-red-green defect and 1(1%) with blue red defect. None of the patients had undergone color vision test at eye hospital previously. There were 4 patients who were registered drivers who had color vision defect. Conclusions: Color vision is an important part of the vision. It should not be ignored.All of the patients evaluated were found to be unware of their condition. Early detection of color vision defects in individuals, if possible, at school level can help them to determine their careers and future endeavors at early stage.

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Khatri, Anadi, Bal Kumar K.C, Sudhir Gautam, and Muna Kharel. "The burden of color vision defect in Nepal – an iceberg phenomenon." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 9, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v9i4.26906.

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Background: Color vision tests are routinely performed and are mandatory in most part of the world. However, in Nepal and many other developing countries, color vision may often be overlooked. We evaluated a possible burden of color vision in a group of patients who were specifically evaluated for a color vision defects. This study evalutes the awareness of color vision defect among the patients evaluated and highlights the importance of the color vision evaluation. Methods: A sequential group of 73 people from August to September 2017 specifically evaluated for color vision defect for recruitment of government employment were evaluated. Ishiharapseudo-isochromatic plates and Farnsworth-Munsell Dichotomous D-15 test were used for screening. Mean and Standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis of the data. Results: Fifty-seven were male and sixteen were female. The mean age was 23 years (SD ± 3.7). On evaluation of the color vision defect, 9 (12.3%) were found to have total color vision defect (achromatopsia), 3 (4%)-red-green defect and 1(1%) with blue red defect. None of the patients had undergone color vision test at eye hospital previously. There were 4 patients who were registered drivers who had color vision defect. Conclusions: Color vision is an important part of the vision. It should not be ignored.All of the patients evaluated were found to be unware of their condition. Early detection of color vision defects in individuals, if possible, at school level can help them to determine their careers and future endeavors at early stage.

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Dahal, Manisha, Pragati Gautam Adhikari, Sanjeev Bhattarai, and Sanjeeb Mishra. "Pattern of Colour Vision Anomalies Among Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Eye Center of Nepal." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 43, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.1189.

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Introduction: Colour vision deficiency (CVD) is the inability to clearly differentiate colour differences under normal lighting condition. People are unaware of colour vision defect due to which they suffer in various aspects of their career. The purpose of this study was to explore the colour vision defect pattern among patients attending tertiary eye centre, Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: A hospital based, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the defective colour vision pattern in patients attending B.P. Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal where total of 692 subjects medical case sheetswere reviewed and included in the study from September 2018 to April 2019. Results: Among 692 patients enrolled in the study, 272 (39.30%) patients were found to have CVD . Among 272 CVD,227(83.45%) were males and 45(16.54%) were females. Congenital colour vision defect was found in 139 (26.73%) males and 21 (13.81%) females. Acquired color vision defect was found in 88 (16.92%) males and 24 (15.78%) females . When congenital CVD was observed, deutan (28.3%) CVD was more prevalent than protan (22.79%) and tritan defect (7.72%). For acquired CVD, non-specific type of CVD (8.92%) was more prevalent followed by tritan CVD (5.35%). Conclusion: Significant proportion of patient presenting for eye care at tertiary eye hospital have color vision defects. Congenital CVD was found more in males than females whereas acquired color vision defect was found almost in same proportion in both males and females.

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Park, Yong-Sin, Chang-Myung Kim, and Eun-Hee Lee. "Acupuncture Therapy for Color Vision Defects." Journal of Korean Medicine 35, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13048/jkm.14021.

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MacKay, Cynthia J. "Color Vision Defects in Retinal Disease." Archives of Ophthalmology 107, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010812006.

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Hussein, Azad Jameel, and Samim Ahmed Al-Dabbagh. "Prevalence of color vision deficiency among primary school pupils in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq." Advanced medical journal 7, no. 1 (July 27, 2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56056/amj.2022.153.

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Background and objectives: Color vision deficiency or color blindness is a difficulty in recognizing certain colors. The color vision deficient persons remain unmindful about their condition and only become aware accidentally when tested for color vision. Color vision deficiency may affect job performance in certain careers like drivers, pilots, electrical and electronic engineers, policemen, artists, and medical practitioners. The study aims to detect the color vision deficiency prevalence among the primary school pupils in Duhok city. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among randomely selected two primary school children in Duhok city, Iraq from 1st February 2019 to 1st May 2019. Socio-demographic data was collected by interview using a questionnaire. All participants underwent color vision evaluation using Ishihara’s pseudo isochromatic test 24 plate editions. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Results: Out of 978 pupils, 491 were males (50.21%) and 487 were females (49.79%), color vision deficiency was detected in 55 pupils giving a prevalence of (5.63%); among them, 38 pupils have had deutan defects (3.89%) and 17 had protan defects (1.74%). Color vision deficient pupils were 47 males (9.6%) and 8 females (1.64%). Conclusions: This study found that 5.63% of pupils were color deficient, with male gender predominance. All of the color deficient pupils were unmindful of their condition. Green color deficient pupils (deutans) were more than red color deficient (protans), with zero cases of total color blindness.

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Yang, Zeqing, Zhimeng Li, Ning Hu, Mingxuan Zhang, Wenbo Zhang, Lingxiao Gao, Xiangyan Ding, Zhengpan Qi, and Shuyong Duan. "Multi-Index Grading Method for Pear Appearance Quality Based on Machine Vision." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020290.

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The appearance quality of fruits affects consumers’ judgment of their value, and grading the quality of fruits is an effective means to improve their added value. The purpose of this study is to transform the grading of pear appearance quality into the classification of the categories under several quality indexes based on industry standards and design effective distinguishing features for training the classifier. The grading of pear appearance quality is transformed into the classification of pear shapes, surface colors and defects. The symmetry feature and quasi-rectangle feature were designed and the back propagation (BP) neural network was trained to distinguish standard shape, apical shape and eccentric shape. The mean and variance features of R and G channels were used to train support vector machine (SVM) to distinguish standard color and deviant color. The surface defect area was used to participate in pear appearance quality classification and the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features of defect area were extracted to train BP neural network to distinguish four common defect categories: tabbed defects, bruised defects, abraded defects and rusty defects. The accuracy rates of the above three classifiers reached 83.3%, 91.0% and 76.6% respectively, and the accuracy rate of pear appearance quality grading based on grading rules was 80.5%. In addition, the hardware system prototype for experimental purpose was designed, which have certain reference significance for the further construction of the pear appearance quality grading pipeline.

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Shin, Young Joo, Kyu Hyung Park, Jeong-Min Hwang, Won Ryang Wee, and Jin Hak Lee. "A New Color Vision Test to Differentiate Congenital and Acquired Color Vision Defects." Ophthalmology 114, no. 7 (July 2007): 1341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.10.030.

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Dada, Morakinyo, Mohammad Tawhid Reaz, and James Jacob Ribero. "The Impact of Colour Vision Defect on Consumer’s Fruits Selection Process while Purchasing from Retail Fruit Shops in Bangladesh." International Journal of Advanced Business Studies 3, Special Issue 1 (May 1, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59857/ijabs.1648.

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Color Vision Defect affects about one in twelve males and two hundred women worldwide, according to research. CVD has a big impact in almost every marketing and branding circumstance, especially when product color is the key. This study began with a Red-Green CVD test of 522 Dhaka residents. Since few research have measured color blindness in Bangladesh, this study can be used as one of the Bangladesh color vision deficiency baseline results. The important factor of this study is whether this result is comparable to Bangladesh’s earlier result and whether Bangladesh has a lower/higher CVD prevalence than other nations. The most common CVD is Red-Green Colour Vision Defect. Green fruits turn yellow and red when maturing and CVD patients have trouble distinguishing neighboring colours like Red, Green, Brown, etc. After examining baskets of green and ripe yellow, red, and partly reddish fruits, this study evaluated the findings. This study found out that people with color vision defects had trouble choosing fruits from baskets. Furthermore, the study tested hypotheses to determine severity of Red-Green CVD and found out it to be less than expected probably due to coping mechanism, experience etc. in Red-Green CVD subjects.

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Sedighi, Asieh Sadat, Ali Mirzajani, Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur, and Jamileh Abolghasemi. "Color Vision in the Gas Station Workers of Isfahan City: A Quantitative Analysis With the Farnsworth D15 Color Test." Function and Disability Journal 15, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/fdj.3.23.

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Background and Objectives: The color vision evaluation of gas station workers in Isfahan City. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was performed on workers at gas stations in Isfahan; all the workers were men. The participants were divided into two 40-people groups of exposure and non-exposure (the members of the fuel sales department). The participants had better vision than 8/10 and no underlying problems or eye disease. Besides, examination, including color vision was performed for all subjects. Color vision was assessed using the D15 test under high to medium light conditions. Also, the color vision test was performed monocularly. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS V. 22. Results: The two study groups significantly differed in terms of color vision impairment index (P <0.001). Also, more color vision defects were seen in the group exposed to gasoline. The color confusion index (as the indicator of color vision defects) were 1.485 and 1.129 in exposure and non-exposure to gasoline groups, respectively. Thus, color vision defects were significantly higher in the exposure to gasoline group, compared with the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a difference in color vision index between the two groups. Therefore, long-term exposure to organic solvents, such as gasoline in fuel stations may cause color vision loss.

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MAARANEN, TARJA H., KAIJA T. TUPPURAINEN, and MAIJA I. MANTYJARVI. "COLOR VISION DEFECTS AFTER CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY." Retina 20, no. 6 (June 2000): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006982-200006000-00009.

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MAARANEN, TARJA H., KAIJA T. TUPPURAINEN, and MAIJA I. MÄNTYJÄRVI. "COLOR VISION DEFECTS AFTER CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY." Retina 20, no. 6 (2000): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006982-200011000-00008.

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Roy, M. S., R. D. Gunkel, and M. J. Podgor. "Color Vision Defects in Early Diabetic Retinopathy." Archives of Ophthalmology 104, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1986.01050140079024.

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Roy, M. S., G. Rodgers, R. Gunkel, C. Noguchi, and A. Schechter. "Color Vision Defects in Sickle Cell Anemia." Archives of Ophthalmology 105, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 1676–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1987.01060120074028.

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Roy, Monique S. "Color Vision Defects in Retinal Disease-Reply." Archives of Ophthalmology 107, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010812007.

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Wang, Zhixi, Wenqiang Xie, Huaixin Chen, Biyuan Liu, and Lingyu Shuai. "Color Point Defect Detection Method Based on Color Salient Features." Electronics 11, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 2665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11172665.

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Display color point defect detection is an important link in the display quality inspection process. To improve the detection accuracy of color point defects, a color point defect detection method based on color salient features is proposed. Color point defects that conform to the perception of the human vision are used as the key point for detection. First, the human visual perception constraint coefficient is used to correct the RGB three-channel image to obtain the color-channel-transformed image. Then, the local contrast method is used to extract the point features of the color channel, which achieves point defect enhancement, noise and background suppression. Finally, the mean and standard deviation of the defect feature maps of R, G, and B channels are calculated. The maximum mean and standard deviation are selected as thresholds using the maximum fusion criterion to perform binarization segmentation of the defect feature maps of R, G, and B channels. An OR operation was performed on the segmented images and the point defect segmentation results were combined. The experimental results show that the average detection accuracy and recall of the algorithm is higher than 94%, which is a significant improvement compared with mainstream detection methods and meets the needs of industrial production.

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Balding, Shawn D., Stacy A. Sjoberg, Jay Neitz, and Maureen Neitz. "Pigment gene expression in protan color vision defects." Vision Research 38, no. 21 (November 1998): 3359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00440-9.

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Gündüz, Kemal. "Color Vision Defects in Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma." Archives of Ophthalmology 106, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1988.01060140075028.

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Lee, Yoonjae, Junyoung Yun, Sangbin Lee, and Changwoo Lee. "Image Data-Centric Visual Feature Selection on Roll-to-Roll Slot-Die Coating Systems for Edge Wave Coating Defect Detection." Polymers 16, no. 8 (April 19, 2024): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16081156.

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Roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing depends on a system’s capability to deposit high-quality coatings with precise thickness, width, and uniformity. Therefore, consistent maintenance requires the immediate and accurate detection of coating defects. This study proposes a primary color selection (PCS) method to detect edge defects in R2R systems. This method addresses challenges associated with training data demands, complexity, and defect adaptability through a vision data-centric approach, ensuring precise edge coating defect detection. Using color information, high accuracy was achieved while minimizing data capacity requirements and processing time. Precise edge detection was facilitated by accurately distinguishing coated and noncoated regions by selecting the primary color channel based on color variability. The PCS method achieved superior accuracy (95.8%), outperforming the traditional weighted sum method (78.3%). This method is suitable for real-time detection in manufacturing systems and mitigates edge coating defects, thus facilitating quality control and production optimization.

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Karampatakis, Vassilios, Diamantis Almaliotis, Leonidas Karamitopoulos, George Kalliris, and Stavroula Almpanidou. "A Novel Smartphone-Based Color Test for Detection of Color Vision Defects in Age Related Macular Degeneration." Journal of Ophthalmology 2022 (March 31, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9744065.

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Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of the smartphone-based K-color test to detect color defects in patients with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Methods. 88 patients (n = 135 eyes) with AMD and 28 controls (n = 53 eyes) underwent color testing with the Hardy–Rand–Rittler (H-R-R), the K-color test, and the Ishihara test. The K-color test presents randomized colored shapes in decreasing steps of intensity, providing also a record system for result tele-transmission. Sensitivity, specificity, and reliability were examined to investigate the validity of the novel test. 26 participants with AMD also completed a questionnaire regarding the feasibility of the test. Results. Linear mixed-effects models indicated a significant difference ( p < 0.001 ) between AMD and normal eyes. The areas under the curve (AUC) were estimated to be 0.897 [95% CI: 0.841–0.952], 0.943 [95% CI: 0.901–0.984], and 0.931 [95% CI: 0.886–0.977] for the red, green, and blue color, respectively. Based on the H-R-R, the sensitivity of the test was 0.79, 0.90, and 0.95 for the red, green, and blue colors, respectively, and specificity was 0.88 for all colors. The new test recognized more abnormal cases than the Ishihara (sensitivity of 0.98 and 1.0 and specificity of 0.48 and 0.38 for red and green colors, respectively). Test-retest reliability was found to be high for the red [ICC = 0.996 (0.990–0.999)], green [ICC = 0.974 (0.929–0.990)], and blue [ICC = 0.992 (0.981–0.997)] colors. The majority of the asked participants stated that they could easily perform the test. Conclusion. The K-color test was found to be sensitive and specific in detecting color defects in AMD patients. The K-color test may serve as a useful tool both for patients and their physicians.

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Makarov, I. A. "Prevalence of Color Vision Deficiencies." Ophthalmology in Russia 17, no. 3 (September 24, 2020): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2020-3-414-421.

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Purpose. The study of color deficiencies prevalence in young people, students of higher educational university.Materials and methods. The study was carried for the half year — fall semester. A total of 1,609 students were examined, aged 17–21. There were 1191 boys and 418 girls. The survey was conducted to determine the health groups in physical training and in various sports sections. An ophthalmologic examination determined refractive disorders and other ocular pathology, which is important for determining health groups. Rabkin polychromatic tables and Neitz color vision test (Neitz Lab (UW Medicine) were used for determining of color deficiencies. The obtained results of these tests were compared in terms of the time spent on the test, the results of the test effectiveness, the determination of dissimulation, and the assessment of the shift in the color spectrum in individuals with impaired color perception.Results. A total of refractive disorders were detected in 856 students (53.2 %). The high degree of myopia was in 40. Disorders of color deficient were noted in 101 students (8.48 %) of 1191 male subjects when using the Neitz color test. Dichromatic eye changes were observed from 2.1 % students: protanopia and deiteranopia were in 0.67 % and 1.43 %. Most of all there were violations with the perception of shades of light brown and light green colors. A third of healthy students noted the impossibility of distinguishing light brown from light gray. This is regardless of the state of refraction. Simultaneous violations of the perception of shades of red, green, yellow and blue were observed in one subject, it was associated with congenital cataracts. In four young people, acquired eye diseases caused. In two girls, violations of the perception of a pastel shade of light green were noted, with one girl (0.24 %) having a violation in two eyes, and was presumably due to a gene anomaly. The second girl had one eye and was associated with partial atrophy of the optic nerve after the optic neuritis.Conclusions. Neitz color test expands the diagnostic possibilities, since in its design it has pastel shades of light green and light brown colors on a gray background, reduces the likelihood of dissimulation, reduces the time of the survey. Neitz color test allows to expand the possibilities for more accurate and differential diagnosis dichromatic and anormal trichromatic subjects and acquired color vision defects.

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GUNTHER, KAREN L., JAY NEITZ, and MAUREEN NEITZ. "A novel mutation in the short-wavelength-sensitive cone pigment gene associated with a tritan color vision defect." Visual Neuroscience 23, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233169.

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Inherited tritan color vision deficiency is caused by defects in the function of the short-wavelength-sensitive (S) cones. This heterozygous group of disorders has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Amino acid variations of the S cone opsin are rare and all that have been identified thus far are associated with inherited tritan color vision defects. Here we report the identification of a 30-year-old male who made errors on standard color vision tests consistent with the presence of a mild tritan color vision deficiency. We tested the hypothesis that his color vision impairment was due to a mutation in the S cone photopigment gene. He was found to be heterozygous for a mutation that caused the amino acid proline to be substituted in place of a highly conserved leucine at amino acid position 56 in the S cone opsin. This mutation was absent in 564 S cone photopigment genes from 282 subjects who did not make tritan errors. Thus, we conclude that this mutation disrupts the normal function of S cones.

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Jolly, Jasleen K., Markus Groppe, Jacqueline Birks, Susan M. Downes, and Robert E. MacLaren. "Functional Defects in Color Vision in Patients With Choroideremia." American Journal of Ophthalmology 160, no. 4 (October 2015): 822–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2015.06.018.

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Yu, Hyeong Gon, and Chang Ki Yoon. "Visual Function and Functional Vision of Retinitis Pigmentosa." Annals of Optometry and Contact Lens 20, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.52725/aocl.2021.20.3.99.

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Patients with retinitis pigmentosa have defects in visual function, including the visual field, color vision, contrast sensitivity, and impaired functional vision, such as reading and driving. An assessment of visual function is required when interpreting the outcome of clinical trials of retinitis pigmentosa. Various defects of functional vision should be considered when assessing visual impairment for patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

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BIMLER, DAVID, and JOHN KIRKLAND. "Multidimensional scaling of D15 caps: Color-vision defects among tobacco smokers?" Visual Neuroscience 21, no. 3 (May 2004): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523804213116.

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Tobacco smoke contains a range of toxins including carbon monoxide and cyanide. With specialized cells and high metabolic demands, the optic nerve and retina are vulnerable to toxic exposure. We examined the possible effects of smoking on color vision: specifically, whether smokers perceive a different pattern of suprathreshold color dissimilarities from nonsmokers. It is already known that smokers differ in threshold color discrimination, with elevated scores on the Roth 28-Hue Desaturated panel test. Groups of smokers and nonsmokers, matched for sex and age, followed a triadic procedure to compare dissimilarities among 32 pigmented stimuli (the caps of the saturated and desaturated versions of the D15 panel test). Multidimensional scaling was applied to quantify individual variations in the salience of the axes of color space. Despite the briefness, simplicity, and “low-tech” nature of the procedure, subtle but statistically significant differences did emerge: on average the smoking group were significantly less sensitive to red–green differences. This is consistent with some form of injury to the optic nerve.

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Amin, Nida, Hina Shabbir, Nimra Fatima, Attiqa Riaz, and Sadia Siddiqui. "Investigation of Color Vision and Contrast Sensitivity Defects in Textile Industry Workers." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 4, no. 1 (March 16, 2024): 1397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i1.628.

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Background: Industrial exposure to chemicals is a significant health concern, particularly within the textile industry where workers are in regular contact with potentially harmful substances. The retina, with its photoreceptor cells responsible for color vision and contrast sensitivity, is especially susceptible to damage from such exposure. Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of chemical exposure on the color vision and contrast sensitivity of workers in the Five Star Textile Industry, drawing comparisons with previous research to better understand the occupational risks and requisite protective measures. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on 100 workers with an age range of 20-50 years, examining 200 eyes. The research took place from January to June 2023, employing the Pelli-Robson chart and D-15 test for evaluating contrast sensitivity and color vision, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Chi-Square test and SPSS version 25. Results: The study found a Pearson Chi-Square value of 31.4 for color vision in the right eye and 25.7 in the left, with a significance of 0.000 for both. Contrast sensitivity tests revealed a Pearson Chi-Square value of 44.2 for both eyes, with significance remaining at 0.000, indicating a strong correlation between chemical exposure and visual impairment. Conclusion: The findings suggest a significant relationship between prolonged chemical exposure and visual function decline among textile workers, underlining the necessity for enhanced occupational health protocols and regular vision screening.

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Collin, Charles A., and Avi Chaudhuri. "A maximum motion technique for assessment of color vision defects." Perception & Psychophysics 60, no. 8 (November 1998): 1337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03207996.

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BAILEY, JAMES E., MAUREEN NEITZ, DIANE M. TAIT, and JAY NEITZ. "Evaluation of an updated HRR color vision test." Visual Neuroscience 21, no. 3 (May 2004): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523804213463.

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The HRR pseudoisochromatic plate (pip) test was originally designed as a screening and diagnostic test for color vision deficiencies. The original HRR test is now long out of print. We evaluate here the new 4th edition of the HRR test, produced in 2002 by Richmond Products. The 2002 edition was compared to the original 1955 edition for a group of subjects with normal color vision and a group who had been previously diagnosed as having color vision deficiencies. The color deficient subjects spanned the range of severity among people with red-green deficiencies except for one individual who had a mild congenital tritan deficiency. The new test compared favorably with the original and in at least two areas, outperformed it. Among subjects with deutan defects the classification of severity correlated better with the anomaloscope results than the original; all the subjects who were classified as dichromats on the anomaloscope were rated as “severe” on the new HRR, while those diagnosed as anomalous trichromats were rated as mild or medium on the new test. Among those with moderate and severe defects the new test was highly accurate in correctly categorizing subjects as protan or deutan. In addition, a mild tritan subject made a tritan error on the new test whereas he was misdiagnosed as normal on the original.

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Rasheed, Aqsa, Bushra Zafar, Amina Rasheed, Nouman Ali, Muhammad Sajid, Saadat Hanif Dar, Usman Habib, Tehmina Shehryar, and Muhammad Tariq Mahmood. "Fabric Defect Detection Using Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (November 16, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8189403.

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There are different applications of computer vision and digital image processing in various applied domains and automated production process. In textile industry, fabric defect detection is considered as a challenging task as the quality and the price of any textile product are dependent on the efficiency and effectiveness of the automatic defect detection. Previously, manual human efforts are applied in textile industry to detect the defects in the fabric production process. Lack of concentration, human fatigue, and time consumption are the main drawbacks associated with the manual fabric defect detection process. Applications based on computer vision and digital image processing can address the abovementioned limitations and drawbacks. Since the last two decades, various computer vision-based applications are proposed in various research articles to address these limitations. In this review article, we aim to present a detailed study about various computer vision-based approaches with application in textile industry to detect fabric defects. The proposed study presents a detailed overview of histogram-based approaches, color-based approaches, image segmentation-based approaches, frequency domain operations, texture-based defect detection, sparse feature-based operation, image morphology operations, and recent trends of deep learning. The performance evaluation criteria for automatic fabric defect detection is also presented and discussed. The drawbacks and limitations associated with the existing published research are discussed in detail, and possible future research directions are also mentioned. This research study provides comprehensive details about computer vision and digital image processing applications to detect different types of fabric defects.

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Lim, Yeon Ju, and Soo Jung Lee. "Compressive Optic Neuropathy Caused by Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Presenting with Concurrent Neuromyelitis Optica." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 63, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2022.63.7.648.

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Purpose: To report a case of compressive optic neuropathy caused by an internal carotid artery aneurysm accompanied by concurrent neuromyelitis optica (NMO).Case summary: A 48-year-old female presented with sudden painless blurry vision in the inferior visual field of her right eye for 2 days. The corrected visual acuity was 0.7 in the right eye, and a relative afferent pupillary defect was observed. The visual field test demonstrated an inferior altitudinal defect in the right eye, while the color vision test was normal. However, after 5 days, she developed decreased color vision. Optic nerve enhancement in the right eye was observed on orbital magnetic resonance imaging, and anti-aquaporin-4 antibody was positive. She was diagnosed with NMO, and high-dose steroids were administered intravenously. In addition, brain magnetic resonance angiography showed a 5-mm aneurysm in the ophthalmic segment of the right internal carotid artery, which was compressing the optic nerve. Coil embolization of the aneurysm was performed. On the fourth day of steroid therapy and the first day after coiling, the corrected visual acuity in the right eye improved to 1.0. At 6-week follow-up, color vision and visual field defect also showed complete recovery.Conclusions: In this rare case of internal carotid artery aneurysm combined with NMO, early active treatment led to complete recovery of visual acuity and field defects.

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Mohd Saad, Norhashimah, A. R. Abdullah, W. H. W. Hasan, N. N. S. A. Rahman, N. H. Ali, and I. N. Abdullah. "Automated vision based defect detection using gray level co-occurrence matrix for beverage manufacturing industry." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v10.i4.pp818-829.

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<span>Defect inspection emerged as an important role for product quality monitoring process since it is a requirement of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001. The used of manual inspection is impractical because of time consuming, human error, tiredness, repetitive and low productivity. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are industries that having problems in maintaining the quality of their products due to small capital provided. Therefore, automatic inspection is a promising approach to maintain product quality as well as to resolve the existing problems related to delay outputs and cost burden. This article presents a computerized analysis to detect color concentration defects that occur in beverage production based on texture information provided by gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM).</span><span> Based on the texture information, GLCM cross-section is computed to extract the parameters for features of color concentration. The distance value between two colors is then computed using co-occurrence histogram. The defect results either pass or reject is determined using Euclidean distance and rule-based classification. The experimental results show 100% accuracy which makes the proposed technique can implimented for beverage manufacturing inspection process.</span>

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Tsai, Yi-Chen, Hung-Shing Chen, and Ronnier Luo. "Screen-based color vision test for digital quantification of deutan color defects using a color-calibrated monitor." Journal of the Society for Information Display 24, no. 8 (August 2016): 487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsid.460.

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Iizuka, Tatsuya, Takushi Kawamorita, Hajime Tsuji, Hiroyuki Kanai, Toshihiro Hirai, Hiroo Suzuki, Tomoya Handa, and Hitoshi Ishikawa. "High visibility colored fabrics for normal trichromats and individuals with color vision defects in a sunset-simulated environment." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): e0274824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274824.

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This study aimed to investigate the visibility of colors in congenitally color vision defect people using general and fluorescent colors in an environment simulating sunset to examine the standards for high-visibility safety clothing for general users. Twenty participants with normal trichromats, seven protanopes, and five deuteranopes were included, with mean ages (± standard deviation) of 21.0±1.0, 46,7±16.1, and 56.6±6.9 years, respectively. Dyed fabrics were used to evaluate visibility. We evaluated brightness and conspicuousness sensitivity by combining red, yellow-red, yellow, green, red-purple, blue, white, black, fluorescent yellow, and fluorescent orange. For brightness sensitivity, the combination of fluorescent yellow and white/yellow stripes was highly visible and significantly different from all other samples (p < 0.05). For conspicuousness sensitivity, the combinations of black/fluorescent yellow, black/yellow, black/white, black/yellow-red, and white/red-purple stripes were highly visible and significantly different from all the other samples (p < 0.05). Yellow light is most visible and even better when fluorescent. They are based on specific spectral sensitivity, and yellow is the most visible, even for congenitally colorblind individuals. Furthermore, with regard to color combinations, it was found that the contrast between two distinct light or dark colors, such as black, yellow, black, and white, is perceived to be equally noticeable by congenital color vision defect individuals. This suggests the possible further applications of safety clothing.

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Han, Kwang Eon, Sang Yoon Kim, and Su Jin Kim. "Two Cases of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy after Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 65, no. 6 (June 15, 2024): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.6.412.

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Purpose: We report two cases of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment.Case summary: (Case 1) A 36-year-old man underwent ECMO treatment. Upon regaining consciousness, he complained of a darkened peripheral visual field and was subsequently referred to an ophthalmologist. His best-corrected visual acuity was 0.9 in the right eye and 0.8 in the left eye. The intraocular pressure measured 12 mmHg in the right eye and 10 mmHg in the left eye; color vision was normal. A visual field test demonstrated concentric visual field defects in both eyes, and a fundus examination revealed a pale optic disc. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) indicated a decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. (Case 2) A 48-year-old woman underwent ECMO treatment. After regaining consciousness, she reported decreased vision in her right eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity was limited to hand motion in the right eye and was 1.2 in the left eye. A relative afferent pupillary defect in the right eye was observed. Color vision in the right eye was compromised, and a fundus examination revealed a pale optic disc. A visual field test demonstrated total visual field defect in the right eye, while OCT showed decreases in both the RNFL thickness and the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness of the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed high signal intensity and abnormal enhancement in the right retrobulbar optic nerve.Conclusions: In cases where vision loss and visual field defects are observed following ECMO treatment, differential diagnoses for ischemic optic neuropathy are warranted.

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MIYAHARA, E., J. POKORNY, V. C. SMITH, E. SZEWCZYK, J. McCARTIN, K. CALDWELL, and A. KLERER. "Computerized color-vision test based upon postreceptoral channel sensitivities." Visual Neuroscience 21, no. 3 (May 2004): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523804213177.

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An automated, computerized color-vision test was designed to diagnose congenital red–green color-vision defects. The observer viewed a yellow appearing CRT screen. The principle was to measure increment thresholds for three different chromaticities, the background yellow, a red, and a green chromaticity. Spatial and temporal parameters were chosen to favor parvocellular pathway mediation of thresholds. Thresholds for the three test stimuli were estimated by four-alternative forced-choice (4AFC), randomly interleaved staircases. Four 1.5-deg, 4.2 cd/m2square pedestals were arranged as a 2 × 2 matrix around the center of the display with 15-minute separations. A trial incremented all four squares by 1.0 cd/m2for 133 ms. One randomly chosen square included an extra increment of a test chromaticity. The observer identified the different appearing square using the cursor. Administration time was ∼5 minutes. Normal trichromats showed clear Sloan notch as defined by log (ΔY/ΔR), whereas red–green color defectives generally showed little or no Sloan notch, indicating that their thresholds were mediated by their luminance system, not by the chromatic system. Data from 107 normal trichromats showed a mean Sloan notch of 0.654 (SD = 0.123). Among 16 color-vision defectives tested (2 protanopes, 1 protanomal, 6 deuteranopes, & 7 deuteranomals), the Sloan notch was between −0.062 and 0.353 for deutans and was <−0.10 for protans. A sufficient number of color-defective observers have not yet been tested to determine whether the test can reliably discriminate between protans and deutans. Nevertheless, the current data show that the test can work as a quick diagnostic procedure (functional trichromatism or dichromatism) of red–green color-vision defect.

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Kim, Ungsoo Samuel. "The Effect of Physical Eye Examinations on Job Options." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 62, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 1415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2021.62.10.1415.

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Purpose: To investigate physical ophthalmological parameters relevant to job choice.Methods: I analyzed the ophthalmological demands imposed on those engaged in military service and on applicants for army officer, air force officer, naval officer, railroad officer, firefighting officer, police officer, state public officer, and pilot positions; the visual requirements for a driver’s license were also examined. Visual dysfunction was classified into loss of visual acuity, visual field defects, refractive errors, color vision disorders, strabismus, and other disorders. Additional restrictions imposed by each occupation were investigated.Results: Various standards were imposed on the occupational groups. Applicants to the Air Force Academy required 1.0 visual acuity; the visual acuity for applicants to the military and naval academies were ≥0.6, and those for fire and police personnel ≥0.8. The general public official regulations do not mention visual acuity. In terms of visual field defects, such defects must be <33% for firefighters and railroad drivers; no clear standard was set for other occupations. The importance of color vision differed by job type; pilots and railroad drivers must have full color vision. In terms of refractive error and strabismus, the standards differed among occupations.Conclusions: As the ophthalmological standards vary extensively by occupation, both ophthalmologists and clients must be aware of this information. The scientific basis of the various standards requires attention.

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Crognale, M. A., D. Y. Teller, A. G. Motulsky, and S. S. Deeb. "Severity of color vision defects: electroretinographic (ERG), molecular and behavioral studies." Vision Research 38, no. 21 (November 1998): 3377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00425-2.

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Neitz, J., M. Neitz, and P. M. Kainz. "Visual Pigment Gene Structure and the Severity of Color Vision Defects." Science 274, no. 5288 (November 1, 1996): 801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5288.801.

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Židek, Kamil, and Eva Rigasová. "Diagnostics of Product by Vision System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 308 (February 2013): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.308.33.

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This article describes the vision system, which is designed for diagnostics of defects in casted products. In the first part an overview about image processing, edge and pattern recognition algorithms and current status in available free and commercial vision libraries is found. For the described task we selected open source Aforge .NET library. The next part describes common defects in casted products. Modular education system MPS 500 from Festo with conveyor and palette with plastic parts is used for simulation of production system. This system contains an industrial robot which can be used for sorting defective parts. The selected vision library is used for two level diagnostics of algorithm implementation. The first level algorithm detects position of part, its dimensions and edge disturbances. The second algorithm detects any defects inside of a part. The basic algorithm is presented only for circular shape with red color texture, but can be easily extended to other basic shapes by shape detector.

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Sodhi, Punita K., Akanksha Gautam, Kavya C. Rao, Archana TR, Nandini Sharma, and Yamini Marimuthu. "Color perception on Ishihara plates with red lenses in subjects with low vision due to retinal diseases." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 71, no. 11 (October 20, 2023): 3534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2532_22.

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Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate color perception (CP) changes on Ishihara plates following red-tinted contact lenses in subjects with low vision (LV) from retinal diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study without control involved 84 subjects, aged 20–70 years, having LV from retinal diseases to examine CP changes following wearing red-tinted contact lenses. The subjects viewed Ishihara plates, with each eye separately, before and after wearing red lenses in two categories: “plates 1–21” and “plates 22–25”. Change in CP with the use of a red lens was the primary outcome measure. Results: There was a significant increase in the number of plates read in both categories, that is, plates 1–21 (P = 0.002) and plates 22–25 (P = 0.032), the latter being used to diagnose the red-green defects. Although 70 eyes could read both digits on plates 22–25 and appeared to have normal color vision (CV) at baseline, this number rose to 99 eyes following the use of red-tinted lenses. There was a significant change in the type of CP (red defect/green defect/normal/undefined defect) (P = 0.022) with the application of a red-tinted lens. Conclusions: The use of red-tinted lenses caused a significant increase in the number of plates read, increased the number of subjects who appeared normal on plates 22–25, and significantly changed CP of LV subjects. These lenses can be a valuable aid for LV subjects. Although Ishihara plates can diagnose only red-green defects, further studies on CV testing techniques that detect both red-green and blue-yellow CV defects are recommended.

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Kazakevich, P. P., A. N. Yurin, and G. А. Prokopovich. "Technical vision system for apple defects recognition: justification, development, testing." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 59, no. 4 (November 5, 2021): 488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-488-500.

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The most rational method for identifying the quality of fruits is the optical method using PPE, which has the accuracy and stability of measurement, as well as distance and high productivity. The paper presents classification of fruit quality recognition systems and substantiates the design and technological scheme of the vision system for sorting them, consisting of an optical module with installed structural illumination and a video camera, an electronic control unit with an interface and actuators for the sorter and conveyor for fruits. In the course of the study, a single-stream type of fruit flow in PPE with forced rotation was substantiated, a structural and technological scheme of an STZ with a feeding conveyor, an optical module and a control unit, an algorithm for functioning of the STZ software was developed based on algorithm for segmentation of fruit colors, tracking algorithm, etc. deep learning ANN, which provide recognition of the size and color of fruits, as well as damage from mechanical stress, pests and diseases. The developed STZ has been introduced into the processing line for sorting and packing apples, LSP-4 has successfully passed preliminary tests and production tests at OJSC Ostromechevo. In the course of preliminary tests of the LSP-4 line, it was found that it provided fruit recognition with a probability of at least 95%, while the labor productivity made 2.5 t/h.

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Accornero, N., S. Rinalduzzi, M. Capozza, E. Millefiorini, G. C. Filligoi, and L. Capitanio. "Computerized color perimetry in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 4, no. 2 (April 1998): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135245859800400207.

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Color visual field analysis has proven highly sensitive for early visual impairments diagnosis in MS, yet it has never attained widespread popularity usually because the procedure is difficult to standardize, the devices are costly, and the test is fatiguing. We propose a computerized procedure running on standard PC, cost effective, clonable, and easy handled. Two hundred and sixty-four colored patches subtending 18 angle of vision, with selected hues and low saturation levels are sequentially and randomly displayed on gray equiluminous background of the PC screen subtending 2486408 angle of vision. The subject is requested to press a switch at the perception of the stimulus. The output provides colored maps with quantitative information. Comparison between normals and a selected population of MS patients with no actual luminance visual field defects, showed high statistical difference.

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Karthik, Durga, Vijayarekha K, and Surya K. "CHARACTERISATION OF TABLETS FOR DEFECT IDENTIFICATION USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR QUALITY CONTROL IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20033.

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Objective: Our aim is to characterize the parameters for identifying defective tablets from the manufacturing line using image processing techniques.Methods: Manufactured tablets might have defects such as broken chips, missing tablet, and color variation. Images of tablets are captured using machine vision camera. The features are detected using feature extraction for a tablet without defects and are stored in a database. The stored details are used for identifying defective tablets during manufacturing.Results: The characteristics such as color, shape, number of pills, area, and perimeter of the normal tablets without defects were extracted.Conclusion: The defective tablets can be identified by comparing the characteristics stored in the database and can be removed effectively.

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Chen, Shuguang, Jingyang Gao, Di Zhao, Pinjie Xu, and Tian Zhang. "Detection of Chip Layered Defects Based on Dual Focus Mechanism." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2216, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2216/1/012091.

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Abstract Chip layering defects affect the performance of chips and lead to the failure of chips, so chip layering defects detection is an important step in the quality acceptance of chip production. Chip layering defects, which are characterized by insignificant color change in defect area, small defect area and difficult localization, bring challenges to traditional detection. In recent years, deep learning has shown its powerful ability to solve complex problems in computer vision. In this paper, semantic segmentation method is used to study the problem of chip hierarchical defect detection. Dual focus mechanism first applies whiteboard network structure to identify the true hierarchical area. Afterwards the defective layer area and the original map, the layered defect is recognized in the whiteboard attention. Since the contrast of the layered defect is not obvious, the precise layered defect tag extraction is another important factor affecting network performance. Based on the fuzzy-c-mean clustering algorithm and expert acceptance principle, obtaining the precise layered defect label, the practicality of this method is further enhanced. The effectiveness of the method for detecting the chip layering defects is verified by testing the chip image provided by Huawei.

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Tousignant, Benoit, Annie Chatillon, Aline Philibert, Judy Da Silva, Myriam Fillion, and Donna Mergler. "Visual Characteristics of Adults with Long-Standing History of Dietary Exposure to Mercury in Grassy Narrows First Nation, Canada." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (March 9, 2023): 4827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064827.

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Since the 1960s, Grassy Narrows First Nation (Ontario, Canada) has been exposed to methyl mercury (Hg) through fish consumption, resulting from industrial pollution of their territorial waters. This cross-sectional study describes the visual characteristics of adults with documented Hg exposure between 1970 and 1997. Oculo-visual examinations of 80 community members included visual acuity, automated visual fields, optical coherence tomography [OCT], color vision and contrast sensitivity. Median age was 57 years (IQR 51–63) and 55% of participants were women. Median visual acuity was 0.1 logMAR (Snellen 6/6.4; IQR 0–0.2). A total of 26% of participants presented a Visual Field Index inferior to 62%, and qualitative losses assessment showed concentric constriction (18%), end-stage concentric loss (18%), and complex defects (24%). On OCT, retinal nerve fiber layer scans showed 74% of participants within normal/green range. For color testing with the Hardy, Rand, and Rittler test, 40% presented at least one type of color defect, and with the Lanthony D-15 test, median color confusion index was 1.59 (IQR 1.33–1.96). Contrast sensitivity showed moderate loss for 83% of participants. These findings demonstrate important loss of visual field, color vision, and contrast sensitivity in older adults in a context of long-term exposure to Hg in Grassy Narrows First Nation.

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Alabdelmoneam, Mussaed. "Prevalence of congenital color vision defects in Saudi females of Arab origin." Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association 82, no. 9 (September 2011): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optm.2011.01.013.

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Riza, Dimas Firmanda Al, Tetsuhito Suzuki, Yuichi Ogawa, and Naoshi Kondo. "External Defects and Soil Deposits Identification on Potato Tubers using 2CCD Camera and Principal Component Images." Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2023.012.02.4.

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Precise recognition of potato external defects and the ability to identify defects and non-defect areas are in demand. Common scab represents a significant issue that requires detection, yet identifying the extent of common scab infection remains challenging when using a standard RGB camera. In this research, a 2CCD camera system that could obtain a set of RGB and near-infrared images, which could enhance defect detection, has been used. Image segmentation strategies based on a single principal component image and the principal component pseudo-colored image have been proposed to identify external potato defects while excluding soil deposits on the potato surface, often recognized as defects by the normal color machine vision system. Performance metrics calculation results show relatively good results, with segmentation true accuracy around 64% for both methods. Principal component pseudo-colored images were able to discriminate defects area and soil deposits in a single image. The methods presented in this paper could be used as the basis to develop further classification and grading algorithms.

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Shuang, Huang, Cao Shaozhong, Zhu Weijun, and Bao Chenyang. "Surface Defect Segmentation and Detection of Printing Roller Based on Improved FT Algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2278, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2278/1/012007.

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Abstract The method based on machine vision is one of the important ways of printing roller defect detection. It has the advantage of intuitively reflecting the surface state of printing roller, but the effect of detecting the position where the surface defect of printing roller is not obvious is not ideal. Aiming at the problems of different printing roller surface defects and large interference of background texture, a printing roller surface defect detection algorithm based on improved frequency tuning significance and threshold segmentation is proposed. Firstly, the nonlocal mean filter method is used to preprocess the image to solve the influence of noise on the image; Then, the saliency map is extracted by converting the lab color space of FT algorithm to HSV color space, normalizing and weighting each eigenvalue respectively; Finally, the salient image is binarized by iterative threshold segmentation to obtain the final defect image. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the algorithm is 97.1%, which is better than other similar algorithms. It can accurately detect the roller image with different size of surface defects and texture background interference, and the comprehensive performance is outstanding.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Color Vision Defects'

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