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Academic literature on the topic 'Colorimetric method'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colorimetric method"
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Olsson, Hanna. "Smartphone-based Colorimetric Diagnosis : DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR AUTOMATIC COMPENSATION OF IMPACT OF LIGHT SETTING." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173907.
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During the last years many mobile health applications have emerged on the market. Most of these collect and compiles physical data that can be followed over time. Now the next generation of health care applications are on their way. With an increasing capacity and high quality sensors, smartphones have the potential to be used as diagnostic tools. Calmark Sweden AB is a company that has developed a smartphone based diagnostic platform for analysis of colorimetric assays integrated on a disposable plastic chip. Their first product, the hilda Neo system is a Point of care test (POCT) for semi quantitative measurement of the biomarker Lac- tate dehydrogenase (LDH). The system consists of a disposable colorimetric LDH test with inte- grated chemical assay, a separate light-box for controlled light conditions and a smartphone appli- cation for image acquisition and test analysis. The purpose of this Master Thesis project was to develop and evaluate a method for smartphone based semi quantitative colorimetric analysis of the hilda Neo LDH test that would work without the light-box in different light settings. The method was to be implementable as an iPhone applica- tion and should be able do correctly determine LDH activity in the four LDH ranges; 0-300, 300- 600, 600-900 and >900 units per litre (U/L). Also, the computed LDH levels among cards run with the same sample were not to have a standard deviation higher than 50 U/L. Two methods based on continuous measurements of the colour stimuli given from the assay site were developed. In both methods, measurements were made by using the iPhone camera for taking an image series following the colour development of the assay over time. The image series was then processed in MATLAB and the LDH level was computed in two different ways. None of the two proposed methods did reach the stated objectives. Neither of the methods gave the correct LDH interval in all evaluation cards and the computed LDH levels had a larger standard deviation then aimed for. However the results indicate that the variation in light settings is not the only factor for the unreached objectives. It is believed that with further studies of the colour proper- ties of the hilda Neo assay and with the continuing development of smartphone technology, it is possible to find a method for smartphone-based colorimetric analysis without having to control the light setting.<br>Under de senaste åren har många hälso-applikationer introducerats på marknaden. De flesta samlar och sammanställer hälso-data som sedan kan följas över tiden. Nu är en ny generation av hälso- applikationer på ingång. Med ökande kapacitet och högkvalitativa sensorer har våra smartphones potential att användas för medicinsk diagnostik. Calmark Sweden AB är ett företag som har utvecklat en smartphone-baserad diagnostisk plattform för analys av kolorimetriska tester i form av plastkort för engångsbruk. Deras första produkt hilda Neo är ett patientnära test för semikvantitativ mätning av biomarkören Lactatdehydrogenas (LDH). Systemet består av det kolorimetriska engångstestet för mätning av LDH, en separat ljus-box för kontrollerade ljusförhållanden och en smartphone applikation för bildtagning och test analys. Målet med detta masterexamensarbete var att utveckla och utvärdera en metod för smartphone- baserad semikvantitativ kolorimetrisk analys av hilda Neo testet som fungerar utan ljus-box i olika ljussättningar. Metoden skulle vara implementerbar som en iPhone applikation och skulle kunna bestämma LDH aktivitet inom fyra intervall; 0-300, 300-600, 600-900 och >900 enheter per liter (U/L). De beräknade LDH nivåerna för kort körda med samma prov skulle inte heller ha en standardavvikelse över 50 U/L. Två metoder baserade på kontinuerlig mätning av provets färgutveckling togs fram. För båda metoderna användes iPhone kameran för att ta en bildserie som följde testets färgutveckling över tiden. Bildserien behandlades sedan i MATLAB och ett LDH värde beräknades med de två olika metoderna. Ingen av de två föreslagna metoderna uppnådde de uppsatta målen. Ingen av metoderna gav rätt LDH intervall för alla kort som användes för utvärdering och de beräknade LDH nivåerna hade en för hög standard avvikelse. Dock indikerade resultaten på att variationer i ljussättningen inte var den enda faktorn som bidrog till de ouppnådda målen. Författaren tror att med fortsatt studerande av hilda Neo testets färgegenskaper och med den fortlöpande utvecklingen av smartphone tekniken, kommer det att vara möjligt att hitta en metod för smartphone-baserad kolorimetrisk analys utan kontrollerad ljussättning.
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Lui, Manjuan. "Studies in combretaceae : development of a colorimetric microdilution antifungal screen and a computational method for characterisation of phytochemicals." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441880.
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Dai, Jianming. "Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of neem and the development of a colorimetric method for the determination of azadirachtin related limonoids (AZRL)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0035/MQ64339.pdf.
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Yang, Lixia. "Local investigations of gas-liquid mass transfer around Taylor bubbles flowing in straight and meandering millimetric channels using a colorimetric method." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0027/document.
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Les réacteurs-échangeurs à plaques (HEX) sont une technologie clé en intensification des procédés. Cependant, la plupart des recherches existantes portant sur ce type d'équipement ont été réalisées dans le cas d’écoulements monophasiques. Pour les réactions gaz-liquide, peu d'études ont été conduites. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier localement le transfert de matière gaz-liquide autour de bulles de Taylor en écoulement dans des canaux millimétriques droits et ondulés par une méthode dite colorimétrique. Ceci constitue une étape préliminaire indispensable avant la mise en œuvre de systèmes réactifs diphasiques. Il a d’abord déterminé si une possible accélération du transfert de matière gaz-liquide pouvait avoir lieu en présence de la réaction chimique utilisée. La deuxième phase de ce travail s’est focalisée sur l'étape de formation des bulles de Taylor dans un microréacteur. Ensuite, l'hydrodynamique gaz-liquide a été caractérisée et les effets des coudes sur le mécanisme de transfert de masse ont été étudiés localement dans un canal carré millimétrique ondulé. Enfin, une comparaison rigoureuse a pu être effectuée entre les différentes géométries de canaux (ondulé et droit). Elle a permis de montrer comment et pourquoi une géométrie ondulé permet d’intensifier le transfert de masse gaz-liquide (notamment en terme d’efficacité de transfert). L’ensemble de ces résultats ont conduit à la formulation une loi d'échelle, exprimée en termes de nombres de Sherwood, de Graetz et de Péclet, capable de décrire l'évolution du transfert de matière gaz-liquide en fonction de la position axiale dans le canal et des conditions opératoires mises en œuvre<br>Compact Heat-EXchanger reactors (HEX) are an important part of process intensification technology. However, most of the existed research dealing with such type of equipment has been focused on the application of one-phase reactive flows. For gas-liquid reactions, few investigations have been out carried. This thesis aims at locally studying gas-liquid mass transfer around Taylor bubbles flowing in straight and meandering millimetric channels using a colorimetric method; this is a preliminary step essential before implementing two-phase reactive systems. Firstly, the occurrence of a possible enhancement of the gas-liquid mass transfer by the chemical reaction involved was investigated. Secondly, the gas-liquid mass transfer occurring in Taylor flows right after the bubble formation stage in a microreactor was studied. Thirdly, the gas-liquid hydrodynamics were characterized and the effects of bends on the mass transfer mechanism were locally investigated in a millimetric meandering channel. At last, a rigorous comparison could be made between the meandering and straight channels. It showed how and why the meandering geometry leads to intensify gas-liquid mass transfer. All these findings enabled to formulate a scaling law, expressed in terms of Sherwood, Graetz and Péclet numbers, able to describe the evolution of gas-liquid mass transfer as a function of axial position and operating conditions
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Slabbert, Chrizaan. "Evaluation and validation of methods to determine parasitemia in malaria cell cultures / Chrizaan Slabbert." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2332.
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Dinh, Quang Hung. "Development of a Rapid and Easy Measurement Protocol for Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids (PFCAs) by a Continuous Flow Analysis." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/204596.
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Kamoi, T. "Developing an optimal method for producing a tearless onion." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1008.
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People experience the irritating tearing and burning sensation of lachrymatory factor (LF, propanthial S-oxide) when cutting or chopping onion bulbs. LF is produced by lachrymatory factor synthase (LFS) specifically from 1-propenyl sulfenic acid, a breakdown product of trans-1-propenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (1-PRENCSO) by alliinase. This thesis describes strategies to produce a tearless onion by using RNA interference (RNAi) silencing. To determine whether a gene silencing cassette can silence lfs gene transcripts from onion (Allium cepa L.), a crop recalcitrant to genetic transformation, a gene silencing assessment system was developed by using a model plant as a host for the gene of interest. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants transgenic for LFS enzyme activity from onion were first produced by introducing a CaMV 35S-onion-lfs gene construct. These plants were then subjected to a second transformation with an RNAi construct directed against the lfs gene sequence. LFS enzyme activity assay showed that the transgenic plants, containing both the lfs gene and the RNAi construct, had significantly reduced LFS activity. This observation was supported by Western analysis for the LFS protein and further validated by quantitative RT-PCR analysis that demonstrated a significant reduction in the lfs transcript level in the dual transformants. This work demonstrated that the RNAi construct is a suitable candidate for the development of a tearless onion. This model plant RNAi system has wide reaching applications for assessment and targeting of plant secondary pathway genes, from poorly studied or recalcitrant plant species, that are important in pharmacological, food and process industries. The functional RNAi vector identified in the model system was transformed into onion. Endogenous lfs transcript levels were successfully reduced by up to 43-fold in six transgenic lines. In consequence, LFS enzyme activity was decreased by up to 1573-fold and this observation was supported by Western analysis for the LFS protein. Furthermore, the production of the deterrent LF upon tissue disruption was reduced up to 67-fold. Subjective olfactory assessment of silenced lines indicated that the pungent odour given off by the leaf and bulb material was much reduced compared with that of non-transgenic counterparts, and that this was replaced by a sweeter milder onion odour. A novel colorimetric assay demonstrated that this silencing had shifted the 1-PRENCSO breakdown pathway so that by reducing LFS protein, more 1-propenyl sulfenic acid was converted into di-1-propenyl thiosulfinate. A consequence of the raised thiosulfinates levels was a marked increase in the downstream production of a non-enzymatically produced zwiebelane isomer that has never previously been identified, and other volatile compounds, di-1-propenyl disulfides and 2-mercapto-3,4-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrothiophenes, which had previously been reported either in small amounts or had not been detected in onions. These raised volatile sulfur compounds provide an explanation for the unique flavour notes of the LF reduced onion and are predicted to have health benefits akin to those found in garlic. These results demonstrated that silencing of LFS enzyme activity by introducing an RNAi construct directed against the lfs gene sequence simultaneously reduced levels of the deterrent LF and increased the desirable thiosulfinates in onions.
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Ferraz, Neto José. "Desenvolvimento de metodologia para determinação de matéria orgânica do solo por análise de imagens." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2313.
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Previous issue date: 2015-05-15<br>The soil organic matter (SOM) is formed by a set of chemical compounds which have different decomposition rates and products of these processes result as the main source of sulfur, phosphorus and nitrogen into the soil. Because of its great importance to the ground, it is of utmost importance to quantify MOS content. Its composition consists of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S), among others, it is difficult to determine its content. Most analytical techniques measure only carbon and estimate the MOS by a conversion factor. The study aimed to develop an analytical method for quantification of soil organic matter by means of a colorimetric method based on image analysis. The proposed method used the carbon oxidation process of Walkley-Black methodology and the resulting solutions were inserted into spectrophotometer cells for a smart phone equipped with a digital camera with a CCD detector (charge coupled device) register the images. These were treated with ImageJ software and the image of each solution has been selected from an area in which 100x100p were extracted RGB intensities (Red, Green and Blue colors, designs, especially for 8-bit data). We analyzed the RGB values and its relations with the MOS concentrations, resulting that the RED channel showed the best relationship with the organic matter content. The data were modeled by a linear regression (ARED = 0.1222 MOS - 0.1621; R² = 0.9934 and p <0.05) and it was possible to build a model that relates the color intensity with concentration. The proposed method showed accuracy of approximately 71% using a standard soil sample (LUFA Speyer - type 2.2), similar to the result obtained with the method currently used (Walkley-Black) which was 74%<br>A matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) é formada por um conjunto de compostos químicos que possuem diferentes taxas de decomposição, e os produtos desses processos resultam como fontes principais de enxofre, fósforo e nitrogênio para o solo. Devido a sua grande importância para o solo, é de extrema importância a quantificação do teor da MOS. Como a sua composição consiste em carbono (C), hidrogênio (H), oxigênio (O), nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P) e enxofre (S), dentre outros, torna-se difícil a determinação do seu teor. A maioria das técnicas analíticas mensuram apenas carbono e estimam a MOS por um fator de conversão. A pesquisa teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia analítica para quantificação de matéria orgânica do solo por meio de um método colorimétrico baseado em análise de imagens. O método proposto utilizou o processo de oxidação de carbono da metodologia Walkley-Black e as soluções resultantes foram inseridas em celas espectrofotométricas para que um smartphone equipado com uma câmera digital, com um detector CCD (charge coupled device), registre as imagens. Estas foram tratadas com o software ImageJ e na imagem de cada solução foi selecionado uma área de 100x100p no qual extraíram-se as intensidades RGB (Red, Green e Blue, modelos de cores, especialmente para dados de 8 bits). Analisou-se os valores RGB e suas relações com as concentrações de MOS, resultando que o canal RED apresentou a melhor relação com o teor de matéria orgânica. Os dados foram modelados por meio de uma regressão linear (ARED = 0,1222 MOS – 0,1621; R² = 0,9934 e p < 0,05) e assim foi possível a construção de um modelo que relaciona a intensidade de cor com a concentração. O método prposto apresentou exatidão de aproximadamente 71% usando uma amostra de solo padronizada
(LUFA Speyer – tipo 2.2), similar ao resultado obtido com o método usado atualmente (Walkley-Black) que foi de 74%
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Barrios, Marco Rogério. "Contribuição à automação do processo de flotação do fosfato de cajati." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-18082016-081606/.
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Flotação é uma operação unitária à base de química de superfície que envolve a captura de partículas hidrofóbicas por bolhas de ar na suspensão aquosa, na qual são transportadas para a superfície, com posterior remoção desta camada de espuma. Por outro lado, porque as partículas hidrofílicas não aderem a bolhas de ar, elas tendem a afundar e ir para o fluxo inferior do tanque de flotação. A separação de apatita-ganga através de flotação de espuma é o controle eficaz dos fenômenos de molhabilidade, que, por sua vez, determina a seletividade do processo. A regulação da interação de minerais (apatita e ganga) com moléculas de água (natureza hidrofílica) e também com as bolhas de ar (natureza hidrofóbica) é conseguida com a adição de reagentes químicos (coletores, modificadores e espumantes) na polpa de flotação. Adsorção de reagentes químicos na interface mineral/solução é o método mais eficaz para promover a hidrofobicidade das partículas de apatita (favorecendo sua flotação) e também reforçar a hidrofilicidade dos minerais de ganga, inibindo sua flotação. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de construir uma curva de calibração para o coletor Berol®867 através do método colorimétrico de Bradford, método na presença do corante Coomassie Brilliant Blue. Medidas simulando condições típicas de flotação foram também realizadas em laboratório. Medições em soluções de flotação foram realizadas pelo tensiômetro IP6000 que baseia-se no método da pressão máxima de bolha (MPMB) na qual é muito mais adequado para líquidos puros, mas não para soluções aquosas contendo surfactantes. Por conseguinte, os valores de L/G obtidos por MPMB são deterministicamente superiores aos gerados pelo Método com Wilhelmy (MPW), que é considerada como sendo adequada para soluções contendo tensioativos, mas não suficientemente robusta para aplicações industriais in-situ.<br>Froth flotation is a chemistry-based surface unit operation that involves the capture of hydrophobic particles by air bubbles in aqueous slurry, followed by levitation and collection in a froth layer. Conversely, because hydrophilic particles do not adhere to air bubbles, they are likely to sink and go to the underflow of the flotation cell. The selectivity of apatite-gangue separation via froth flotation is determined by the efficient control of the wetting phenomena. Adding chemical reagents to the flotation pulp, like collectors or frothers, it is possible to regulate the interfacial affinity of each mineral, apatite or gangue, turning them hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Adsorption of chemical reagents onto interfaces is the most effective approach to promote the hydrophobicity of the mineral, which is desired to float, and also the reinforcement of the wettability by water of the minerals which are desired to sink. This work had as objective to construct a calibration curve for the Berol®867 collector through the Bradford colorimetric method in the presence of Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye. Measurements simulating typical flotation conditions were also run at the laboratory. Measurements of flotation solution performed by tensiometer IP6000 are based on the Maximum Bubble Pressure Method (MBPM) which is very suitable for pure liquids, but not for aqueous solutions containing surfactants. Therefore, the values of ?LG yielded by MBPM are deterministically higher than those yielded by the Wilhelmy Plate Method (WPM), which is regarded as suitable for surfactant solutions but not sufficiently robust for in-situ industrial applications.
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Silva, Mariana Rosa da. "Padronização de método colorimétrico para avaliação de atividade biológica de substâncias sobre formas taquizoítas de Toxoplasma gondii, com a avaliação de triterpenos ácidos sobre o parasito." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-29052009-154530/.
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Toxoplasma gondii é um protozoário pertencente ao filo Apicomplexa, de distribuição mundial, e que infecta diversas espécies hospedeiros, como mamíferos e aves, possuindo como hospedeiros definitivos o gato e outros felídeos, enquanto o homem e outros animais são os seus hospedeiros intermediários. O tratamento é feito, na maioria das vezes, com uma combinação de sulfadiazina e pirimetamina, agindo na via metabólica do ácido fólico, o qual é necessário para a biossíntese de purinas, pirimidinas e certos aminoácidos. Propusemos estabelecer um protocolo de avaliação sobre esse protozoário, assim como padronizarmos uma metodologia por espectroscopia para uma rápida avaliação ou triagem de substâncias potencialmente ativas contra o parasito. Verificamos a atividade das substâncias ácido ursólico e ácido oleanóico, as quais já demonstraram atividade biológica sobre outras espécies de protozoários, como Plasmodium, Trypanosoma cruzi e Leishmania sp. em sistemas in vitro e in vivo. A metodologia colorimétrica pelo MTT, pelo Alamar Blue®, do kit CyQUANT® NF e a contagem manual em meio líquido das formas taquizoítas do parasito em ensaios biológicos in vitro mostram-se inviáveis, pois há grande dificuldade em manter a integridade do parasita em meio de cultura líquido, o qual se mostra sensível à adição de qualquer outro componente que não aqueles necessários para manter sua viabilidade em ambiente extracelular. O ácido ursólico mostrou-se potencialmente ativo in vitro sobre formas intracelulares de T. gondii. Entretanto, o contato de células infectadas com as substâncias avaliadas por um período de 48 horas não resultou em diminuição mais acentuada na porcentagem de células infectadas do que a ocorrida no tratamento de 24 horas. A comparação dos resultados do tratamento pós infecção celular por 24 horas e do pré-tratamento das formas taquizoítas houve diferenças significativas, indicando principalmente maior ação do pré-tratamento sobre T. gondii. Quando administrado na dose de 7 mg/kg/ dia a camundongos infectados, o ácido ursólico não apresentou atividade sobre o parasita.<br>Toxoplasma gondii is an Apicomplexa protozoan, of worldwide distribution, that infects several species, from mammalians to birds; its definitive hosts are the cats and other felines, while man and other animals are considered as intermediate hosts. Treatment is, generally, a combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine, triggering the metabolic pathway of folic acid, which is necessary for certain purines, pirimidines and aminoacids biosynthesis. We have proposed an evaluation protocol on this protozoan, and also to establish a methodology by spectroscopy for rapid evaluation of pottentialy bioactive substances against the parasite. The ursolic acid and oleanoic acid bioactivity were tested. These substances have already demonstrated to be effective on another protozoan species, like Plasmodium, Trypanosoma cruzi e Leishmania sp., either in vitro or in vivo. The colorimetric methodology by MTT, Alamar Blue®, CyQUANT® NF kit and manual counting of tachyzoite forms in liquid culture medium showed to be unviable, because there is a great difficult to maintain the parasite viability in liquid culture medium, wich one is sensible to addition of any other component different of that necessary for its survival in extracelular ambient. Ursolic acid was pottentialy active on T. gondii intracellular forms. However, the infected cells in contact with the tested substances for a period of 48 hours did not show a statistical greater reduction as compared to infected cells which underwent treatment for 24 hours. Significant results were observed when comparing pre-treatment of tachyzoite forms and treatment for 24 hours post-cellular infection. Our data pointed in the direction that pre-treatment exerted a higher effectiveness. Any parasiticidal activity was observed when ursolic acid on a concentration of 7 mg/kg/day was administered to infected mice.