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Journal articles on the topic 'Colorisme'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Mitchell Dove, Lakindra. "The Influence of Colorism on the Hair Experiences of African American Female Adolescents." Genealogy 5, no. 1 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5010005.

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This article addresses the prevalence of colorism among the hair care narratives of African American female adolescents. Eleven interviews were conducted to explore the connection between hair and sense of self and self-esteem. During data collection and analysis, the theme surrounding colorism emerged, as many participants discussed its influence on hair, recalling traumatic hair and colorist experiences. This article focuses on the analysis of these narratives using the colorist-historical trauma framework. Three themes emerged: (1) colorist experiences; (2) perceptions of good hair; and (3)

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2

Richter, Mario. "Wolfgang Drost, En route vers l’abstraction. Vibratisme vital et colorisme transcendantal: Stendhal – Baudelaire – Kandinsky." Studi Francesi, no. 166 (I | LVI) (April 1, 2012): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.4751.

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Crutchfield, Jandel, J. Camille Hall, Anna Ortega-Williams, and Sarah L. Webb. "Colorism and the Poetics of Resistance Among Black Youth: An Application of the Colorist-Historical Trauma Framework." Journal of Black Studies 51, no. 8 (2020): 813–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934720935849.

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The colorist-historical trauma framework offers scholars, practitioners, and educators a new lens with which to more effectively combat racial disparities in society through the understanding of the intergenerational transmission of colorism in the historical trauma response of African Americans. This article applies the colorist-historical trauma framework to the colorism poems of young African Americans who demonstrate that poetry, as a device of healing, can be a useful mechanism of passing on more than the challenges associated with colorism, but also the art of resistance. The results of

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Monk, Ellis P. "Colorism and Physical Health: Evidence from a National Survey." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 62, no. 1 (2021): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146520979645.

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This study uses nationally representative data to extend a steadily growing body of research on the health consequences of skin color by comparatively examining the consequences of perceived ingroup and outgroup skin color discrimination (perceived colorism) for physical health among African Americans. Using a comprehensive set of measures of physical health, I find that perceived ingroup colorism is significantly associated with worse physical health outcomes among African Americans. Notably, the magnitude of ingroup colorism’s associations with most of these outcomes rivals or even exceeds t

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Egbeyemi, Adeola. "Shedding Light on Colorism: How the Colonial Fabrication of Colorism Impacts the Lives of African American Women." Journal of Integrative Research & Reflection 2, no. 2 (2019): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/jirr.v2.1574.

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It is fascinating that the phenomenon of colorism, with such large scale and profound individual impact, can remain in the infancy of sociological study. Some African Americans insist that delving into the issue of colorism is a “distraction” and that we cannot overcome internalized racism until we defeat outward racism. I maintain that the battles are the same, and the impacts of both must be analyzed, but colorism—the lesser understood—requires its own attention. Colorism, notably among women, cannot begin to be resolved until both marginalized and non-marginalized people fully understand it

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Wilder, JeffriAnne, and Colleen Cain. "Teaching and Learning Color Consciousness in Black Families: Exploring Family Processes and Women’s Experiences With Colorism." Journal of Family Issues 32, no. 5 (2010): 577–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x10390858.

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Family is regarded as a powerful force in the lives of Black Americans. Often-times, families function as an agent of socialization that counters racism. At the same time, however, Black families can perpetuate skin tone consciousness and bias, or colorism . Although there is an extensive body of revisionist literature on Black families and a growing body of scholarship on the contemporary nature of colorism, there is a dearth of literature addressing the role of Black families in relation to colorism. This research begins to fill this gap by exploring the influence of Black families in the de

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Abrams, Jasmine A., Faye Z. Belgrave, Chelsea D. Williams, and Morgan L. Maxwell. "African American Adolescent Girls’ Beliefs About Skin Tone and Colorism." Journal of Black Psychology 46, no. 2-3 (2020): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798420928194.

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Colorism is a pervasive system of inequality shown to negatively affect psychosocial and economic outcomes among African American adults. Among African American women and girls in particular, the social and psychological implications of colorist practices can be severe. The present study aimed to better understand African American girls’ understanding of this phenomenon during adolescence. Using a phenomenological approach, interviews and focus groups were conducted with African American girls ( N = 30) in order to determine which colorist messages are perceived and potentially internalized as

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Rosario, R. Josiah, Imani Minor, and Leoandra Onnie Rogers. "“Oh, You’re Pretty for a Dark-Skinned Girl”: Black Adolescent Girls’ Identities and Resistance to Colorism." Journal of Adolescent Research 36, no. 5 (2021): 501–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07435584211028218.

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The current analysis explored the relevance of colorism among Black girls enrolled at a predominately Black, all-girls high school, with a specific focus on their identities and well-being. Fifty-nine Black girls ( Mage = 16.97) completed a survey and semi-structured interview. Results from a two-step quant-qual analysis indicate a strong positive association between rejecting colorist ideology and positive self-esteem. Open coding of semi-structured interviews showed that 75% ( n = 44) of the sample spontaneously mentioned colorist ideology when describing their racial and gender identities,

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9

Marira, Tiwi D., and Priyanka Mitra. "Colorism: Ubiquitous Yet Understudied." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 6, no. 1 (2013): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iops.12018.

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We agree whole-heartedly with Ruggs et al. (2013) call to focus more research attention on the workplace experiences of marginalized employees. Indeed, the authors raised many valid points concerning the needed contributions of industrial and organizational (I–O) psychology to both research and public policy as it relates to marginalized groups. However, we believe that the authors also missed an opportunity to highlight the workplace discrimination experienced by those individuals who are marginalized by their darker skin tones. This form of discrimination is more commonly known ascolorism. S

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10

Landor, Antoinette M., and Shardé McNeil Smith. "Skin-Tone Trauma: Historical and Contemporary Influences on the Health and Interpersonal Outcomes of African Americans." Perspectives on Psychological Science 14, no. 5 (2019): 797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691619851781.

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Empirical evidence demonstrates that racism is a source of traumatic stress for racial/ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans. Like race and racism, skin tone and experiences of colorism—an often overlooked form of discrimination that privileges lighter skinned over darker skinned individuals, although not uniformly, may also result in traumatic stress. This article proposes a new conceptual model of skin-tone trauma. The model depicts how historical and contemporary underpinnings of colorism lead to colorist incidents that may directly and indirectly, by eliciting traumatic stress

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Parameswaran, Radhika, and Kavitha Cardoza. "Melanin on the Margins: Advertising and the Cultural Politics of Fair/Light/White Beauty in India." Journalism & Communication Monographs 11, no. 3 (2009): 213–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152263790901100302.

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The recent commercial boom in women's skin-lightening or “fairness” cosmetics in India is part of the larger context of escalating lifestyle consumerism in Asia's emerging market nations. This monograph examines the cultural politics of gender, nation, beauty and skin color in the persuasive narratives of Indian magazine advertisements and television commercials for fairness cosmetics and personal care products. We situate advertising's compact stories of ideal femininity within the sociology of colorism's transnational links to hierarchies of race, gender, caste, ethnicity and class and the r

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12

Hannon, Lance. "White Colorism." Social Currents 2, no. 1 (2015): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496514558628.

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Dhillon-Jamerson, Komal K. "Euro-Americans Favoring People of Color: Covert Racism and Economies of White Colorism." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 14 (2018): 2087–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218810754.

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African American colorism in the United States is often viewed as an intraracial problem in which prejudice and discrimination are relegated to the scope of internal issues. What is often lacking in the discourse on colorism is the interracial component of intraracial hierarchies—referred to as White colorism. Colorism is not a phenomenon that originated within the Black community. Rather, it is a result of European American practices that further divided Blacks according to skin color. The historical underpinnings of colorism include colonialism and slavery, yet these ideologies continue to i

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Charles, Jenneil. "Colorism and the Afro-Latinx Experience: A Review of the Literature." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 43, no. 1-2 (2021): 8–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07399863211027378.

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Using Bronfenbrenner’s Social Ecological Model, this systematic critical literature review investigated factors that contributed to the development of colorism, as well as the effects of colorism on Afro-Latinx persons, in Brazil, Mexico, and Puerto Rico, and the wider Latin American region. Agencies within the macrosystem and chronosystem were used to investigate factors involved in instituting colorism in Latin America. Constituents of the microsystem and mesosystem were used to research the effects of colorism on Afro-Latinx persons. The development of colorism ideologies and practices in L

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Sims, Cynthia, and Malar Hirudayaraj. "The Impact of Colorism on the Career Aspirations and Career Opportunities of Women in India." Advances in Developing Human Resources 18, no. 1 (2015): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422315616339.

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The Problem Colorism is a preference for light skin tones and devaluing of dark skin. It is a genderized phenomenon, mostly affecting women, that creates social and workplace inequities and negatively affects women of color. In India, colorism is a customary practice perpetuated by cultural beliefs and values, social institutions, and the media. Although studies explore colorism among women of color within workplaces in the United States, qualitative research on the impact of colorism on career aspirations and opportunities of women of color abroad appears to be non-existent. The Solution Prov

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strmic-pawl, hephzibah v., Vanessa Gonlin, and Steve Garner. "Color in Context: Three Angles on Contemporary Colorism." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 7, no. 3 (2021): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23326492211012532.

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Colorism is a form of discrimination based on skin tone wherein people with light(er) complexions are advantaged over those with dark(er) ones. In this review, we define key terms, explore colorism as an individual and structural phenomenon, and identify some predominant themes in the existing scholarship on colorism. We review three case studies of contemporary uses and ramifications of colorism in order to encourage scholars to engage with this important field. These case studies are skin tone’s impact on U.S. politics, “transraciality,” the appropriation of skin tone, and finally, the globa

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Bettache, Karim. "A Call to Action: The Need for a Cultural Psychological Approach to Discrimination on the Basis of Skin Color in Asia." Perspectives on Psychological Science 15, no. 4 (2020): 1131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691620904740.

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A strong preference for fair skin appears to be the norm across the Asian continent and may pervade many aspects of social life. Yet scholarly work on this ubiquitous phenomenon is rare within psychological science. This article is a call for a psychological investigation into colorism in Asia. I argue that colorism has firm systemic roots as a result of the sociohistorical trajectories of different Asian societies that have attached cultural meanings to skin color. Consequently, similarities and differences in such trajectories may account for variability in the expression of colorism within

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18

Hall, Ronald E. "Media Stereotypes and “Coconut” Colorism: Latino Denigration Vis-à-Vis Dark Skin." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 14 (2018): 2007–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218810742.

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By stereotype media images, Latina(o)s interact with various Eurocentric elements of the dominant population, which results in a form of discrimination called colorism. Colorism is a partiality for light skin tones and the devaluing of dark skin. Coconut is colloquial reference to a Latina(o) population. As it pertains to media images, health status, empirical evidence, and judicial evidence, the devaluation of dark skin is a vehicle of coconut colorism. The influence of media forces motivated by somatic assimilation paradigms has extended this phenomenon, not irrelevant to the discriminatory

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19

France Clenet, Marie. "Le coloriage." Revue Francophone d'Orthoptie 5, no. 4 (2012): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rfo.2013.01.009.

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Carmen Giménez Smith. "The Colorists." Fairy Tale Review 9 (2013): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/fairtalerevi.9.2013.0056.

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Salles, Marjory. "Du métier de coloriste teinturier..." Horizons Maghrébins - Le droit à la mémoire 42, no. 1 (2000): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/horma.2000.1863.

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22

Park, Sojeong. "Colorism of K-Beauty Industry." Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies 64, no. 6 (2020): 124–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2020.64.6.004.

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Park, Sojeong. "Colorism of K-Beauty Industry." Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies 64, no. 6 (2020): 124–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20879/kjjcs.2020.64.6.004.

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Harvey, Richard D., Rachel E. Tennial, and Kira Hudson Banks. "The Development and Validation of a Colorism Scale." Journal of Black Psychology 43, no. 7 (2017): 740–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798417690054.

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Two studies were conducted to develop and then validate a scale to measure the construct of Colorism. While colorism is a long discussed phenomena within the Black community in the United States, there have been virtually no attempts to measure the degree to which individuals embrace it. The In-Group Colorism Scale (ICS) was developed to assess the degree to which skin tone variation is important across five essential domains: Self-Concept, Affiliation, Attraction, Impression Formation, and Upward Mobility. The scale was empirically tested and then replicated using two distinct national sample

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Lavezzi, Élisabeth. "Théorie coloriste et question du lieu." Dix-huitième siècle 50, no. 1 (2018): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dhs.050.0189.

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Reece, Robert L. "Color Crit: Critical Race Theory and the History and Future of Colorism in the United States." Journal of Black Studies 50, no. 1 (2018): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934718803735.

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Critical race theory teaches that racism and racial inequality are constants in American society that stand outside of the prejudices of individuals. It argues that structures and institutions are primarily responsible for the maintenance of racial inequality. However, critical race theorists have neglected to formally examine and theorize colorism, a primary offshoot of racial domination. Although studies of colorism have become increasingly common, they lack a unifying theoretical framework, opting to lean on ideas about prejudice and preference to explain the advantages lighter skinned, Bla

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Harris, Keshia L. "Biracial American Colorism: Passing for White." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 14 (2018): 2072–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218810747.

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Biracial Americans constitute a larger portion of the U.S. population than is often acknowledged. According to the U.S. Census, 8.4 million people or 2.6% of the population identified with two or more racial origins in 2016. Arguably, these numbers are misleading considering extensive occurrences of interracial pairings between Whites and minority racial groups throughout U.S. history. Many theorists posit that the hypodescent principle of colorism, colloquially known as “the one drop rule,” has influenced American racial socialization in such a way that numerous individuals primarily identify

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Mukherjee, Sayantan. "Darker shades of “fairness” in India: Male attractiveness and colorism in commercials." Open Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2020): 225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0007.

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AbstractThe skin-lightening products for men in India and their mode of advertising have been shaping the concept of attractiveness for Indian men by portraying lighter skin tone as the most fundamental quality of being attractive, always desirable, and successful. Although women’s skin-lightening products in India have received attention by a few scholars lately, men’s products are still underresearched. Hence, this study aims to investigate the issue of colorism augmented by television commercials for men’s “fairness” (light skin tone) products in India. The primary data for this study are s

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Harrow, Susan. "Zola: Colorist, Abstractionist." Romanic Review 102, no. 3-4 (2011): 465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26885220-102.3-4.465.

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Monroe, Carla R. "Colorizing Educational Research." Educational Researcher 42, no. 1 (2013): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x12469998.

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Although previous authors have offered persuasive arguments about the salience of race in the scholastic enterprise, colorism remains a relatively underexplored concept. This article augments considerations of social forces by exploring how color classifications within racial arrangements frame pathways for communities of color and, therefore, must inform educational inquiries. Consistent with the rich tradition of ethnic studies, I draw on sources in the humanities, legal profession, and social sciences to demonstrate how colorism surfaces in lived experiences. The African American community

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Dupree-Wilson, Teisha. "Phenotypic Proximity: Colorism and Intraracial Discrimination among Blacks in the United States and Brazil, 1928 to 1988." Journal of Black Studies 52, no. 5 (2021): 528–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219347211021088.

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The level of colorism that developed among blacks in the United States (U.S.) and Brazil, during the 20th century, gave rise to intense altitudes of intraracial discrimination. This distinct form of discrimination was based on proximity to whiteness and white privilege. This essay will illustrate how attitudes toward complexion, within the black community, are a direct consequence and perpetual remnant of the white supremacy and racial hierarchy that developed in colonized societies. Colorism manifested itself in different forms in Brazil and in the U.S. However, the level of black-on-black di

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Lavezzi, Elisabeth. "Gravure et conception coloriste de la peinture." Dix-huitième siècle 51, no. 1 (2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dhs.051.0205.

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Kukreja, Reena. "Colorism as Marriage Capital: Cross-Region Marriage Migration in India and Dark-Skinned Migrant Brides." Gender & Society 35, no. 1 (2021): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243220979633.

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This article, based on original research from 57 villages in four provinces from North and East India, sheds light on a hitherto unexplored gendered impact of colorism in facilitating noncustomary cross-region marriage migrations in India. Within socioeconomically marginalized groups from India’s development peripheries, the hegemonic construct of fairness as “capital” conjoins with both regressive patriarchal gender norms governing marriage and female sexuality and the monetization of social relations, through dowry, to foreclose local marriage options for darker-hued women. This dispossessio

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Lemi, Danielle Casarez, and Nadia E. Brown. "The Political Implications of Colorism Are Gendered." PS: Political Science & Politics 53, no. 4 (2020): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096520000761.

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Monroe, Carla R., and Ronald E. Hall. "Colorism and U.S. Immigration: Considerations for Researchers." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 14 (2018): 2037–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218810753.

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Research on colorism in the United States frequently focuses on people of color who were born in the country such as African Americans. Globalization, however, requires social scientists to consider new dimensions of intraracial discrimination as research studies must attend to realities and standpoints about race, as well as other forms of categorization, that are not traditionally represented in conversations about in-group stratification. In this article, we consider how colorism acts as a force that propels many immigrants toward identification with whiteness. Based on historical and conte

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Smith, Zoë. "4 Colorism: The Ashiness of It All." Inks: The Journal of the Comics Studies Society 4, no. 3 (2020): 340–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ink.2020.0025.

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Keith, Verna M., and Carla R. Monroe. "Histories of Colorism and Implications for Education." Theory Into Practice 55, no. 1 (2015): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2016.1116847.

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Ahuja, Amit, Susan L. Ostermann, and Aashish Mehta. "Is Only Fair Lovely in Indian Politics? Consequences of Skin Color in a Survey Experiment in Delhi." Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics 1, no. 2 (2016): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rep.2016.6.

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AbstractAdoration for fair skin color and bias against dark skin color are strong in Indian society. The theory of colorism suggests that, irrespective of a voter’s own phenotype, voters prefer lighter- to darker-skinned candidates. And yet, a substantial number of dark-skinned politicians get elected into office in India. In the first systematic study of voter preferences for candidate skin color in India, we conducted a survey experiment in which respondents were randomly administered one of three treatments based upon candidate skin tone: fair, wheatish (medium-brown), and dark. We find onl

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Blokhina, A. A. "Russian Phraseological Units with Colors “Red”, “White”, “Black” in Media Texts." Язык и текст 6, no. 4 (2019): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2019060410.

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The article presents the analysis of phraseological units with a color component based on dictionaries of Russian scientists. The functioning of phraseological units-colorisms in the texts of modern mass media is also analyzed, the specificity of their use is revealed.

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Mirmasoomi, Mahshid, and Farshid Nowrouzi Roshnavand. "Blackness, Colorism, and Epidermalization of Inferiority in Zora Neale Hurston’s Color Struck: A Fanonian Reading of the Play." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 17, no. 4 (2014): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2014.17.4.55.

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Ever since the first encounter between Columbus and Native Americans, the West has embarked on a subtle process of “Otherizing” non-whites as a means to maintain its hegemonic power over the subalternized groups. This strategy was also employed by the dominant whites in the United States, where a stereotypical representation of black slaves served as a justification for the institution of slavery. Through depicting blacks as irrational, lascivious, and eternally damned with a deviant pigmentation, the racist representational strategy turned into a useful instrument to subjugate African slaves.

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Branigan, Amelia R., Christopher Wildeman, Jeremy Freese, and Catarina I. Kiefe. "Complicating Colorism: Race, Skin Color, and the Likelihood of Arrest." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 3 (January 1, 2017): 237802311772561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023117725611.

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Both conventional public beliefs and existing academic research on colorism presuppose that variation in skin color predicts social outcomes among minorities but is inconsequential among whites. The authors draw on social psychological research on stereotyping to suggest that in quick, low-information decisions such as an arrest, the opposite may be true. Contrary to findings for longer-term socioeconomic outcomes, the authors find that black men’s probability of arrest remains constant across the spectrum of skin color, while white men’s probability of arrest decreases continuously with light

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Brown, Donna, Karen Branden, and Ronald E. Hall. "Native American Colorism: From Historical Manifestations to the Current Era." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 14 (2018): 2023–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218810751.

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Following conquest by European settlers Native Americans internalized Euro-American traditions and ideals. Salient among such ideals was the internalization of a bias as pertains to skin color defined as colorism. Colorism is a quasi-manifestation of racism carried out by victim-group populations. Subsequently, light skin was idealized and dark skin denigrated. Initially the idealization of light skin was dramatically displayed in the school setting. Internal confrontations between Cherokee tribal members were frequent. In the modern era, per confrontations such idealization is exacerbated by

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Stephen Bottomore. "The Early Film Colorists Speak." Film History 28, no. 4 (2016): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/filmhistory.28.4.06.

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Kalev, Henriette Dahan. "Colorism in Israel: The Construct of a Paradox." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 14 (2018): 2101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218810749.

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The main argument in this article is that while attempting to establish a social and national unity, the Zionist movement has ended up in a socioeconomic split that lines up with ethnic rifts and a skin color divide. The Ashkenazi (East Europeans) have set up a white skin tone as the “zero point of reference” using bio-power practices in order to turn Mizrahim (Jews of Arab and Moslem countries of origin) into “New Jews” constructed in the images of the Jews of European origin. Later this practice was applied to Ethiopian immigrants. Consequently, in order to integrate “Mizrahim” and Ethiopian

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Wilder, JeffriAnne. "African Americans: Colorism in Morrow v. IRS Litigation." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 14 (2018): 1978–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218810756.

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Walker v. Secretary of Treasury, IRS (Internal Revenue Service) served as a landmark case in shaping the legal context of color-based discrimination in the workplace. As the first case of colorism between Black Americans heard at the federal level, the Walker decision broadened the scope of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, treating race and color as two distinctive categories and protected classes. Beyond the legal significance of the ruling, Walker v. IRS carried important social and cultural implications that exposed the continuing significance of colorism in the post–Civil Rights Era

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Hersch, Joni. "Colorism Against Legal Immigrants to the United States." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 14 (2018): 2117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218810758.

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Data from the 2003 wave of the New Immigrant Survey established that immigrants to the United States with darker skin color experienced a substantial pay penalty that is not explained by extensive individual and job characteristics. These same immigrants were reinterviewed approximately 4 years later. With additional time to assimilate to the U.S. labor market, the disadvantage of darker skin color may have declined or even disappeared. The current analysis shows that the penalty for darker color instead increased over this period from a 16% lightest-to-darkest penalty to a 25% disparity.

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Reddy-Best, Kelly L., Eunji Choi, and Hangael Park. "Race, Colorism, Body Size, Body Position, and Sexiness." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 36, no. 4 (2018): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x18779140.

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The purpose of this study is to critically examine the fashion illustration textbooks that are currently being used within the textile and apparel discipline. Using gendered stereotypes and intersectionality theory as a conceptual and theoretical framework, the following research questions guided our study: (a) Are women represented in diverse races, and how do racial hierarchies intersect with these representations? (b) How are women’s body sizes represented, and how does race intersect with these representations? (c) How are women’s bodies positioned, and how do gendered stereotypes and hier

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Grier-Reed, Tabitha, Noah Gagner, and Alex Ajayi. "(En)Countering a White Racial Frame at a Predominantly White Institution: The Case of The African American Student Network." JCSCORE 4, no. 2 (2019): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2642-2387.2018.4.2.65-89.

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The White racial frame (WRF) is a set of cultural narratives and symbols based in White supremacy and anti-blackness that shape perceptions, ideologies, and emotions in U.S. society. The WRF also shapes individual experiences. Our research team explored how the WRF shaped experiences of Black college students. Adapting consensual qualitative research methods, we analyzed notes from discussions including 752 students participating in the African American Student Network (AFAM) over a twelve-year period. AFAM students encountered the WRF via inferior treatment and internalized racism including c

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Branigan, Amelia R., Jeremy Freese, Stephen Sidney, and Catarina I. Kiefe. "The Shifting Salience of Skin Color for Educational Attainment." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311988982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119889829.

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Findings of an association between skin color and educational attainment have been fairly consistent among Americans born before the civil rights era, but little is known regarding the persistence of this relationship in later born cohorts. The authors ask whether the association between skin color and educational attainment has changed between black American baby boomers and millennials. The authors observe a large and statistically significant decline in the association between skin color and educational attainment between baby boomer and millennial black women, whereas the decline in this a

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Hall, Ronald E. "The Globalization of Light Skin Colorism: From Critical Race to Critical Skin Theory." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 14 (2018): 2133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218810755.

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On the cusp of Western civilization, Caucasians aspired to a racial world order defining Caucasian as superior race status. Today, racial diversity is a societal theme facilitated by laws, which deems racial equality a right and racial discrimination illegal. Nevertheless, by globalization, a racial world order exists by locating light skin at the zenith of humanity. As pertains to the globalization of light skin, culture and social criteria are most significant considering the demands of a racist racial hierarchy. The existence of such a hierarchy by replacing racism with colorism then necess

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