Journal articles: 'Colour library of science'

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Yu, Lei, Yongjun Zhang, Mingwei Sun, and Xinyu Zhu. "Colour balancing of satellite imagery based on a colour reference library." International Journal of Remote Sensing 37, no. 24 (October 31, 2016): 5763–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2016.1249306.

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Lee, Bomee, and Ranga-Ram Chary. "Improved photometric redshifts with colour-constrained galaxy templates for future wide-area surveys." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 1935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2100.

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ABSTRACT Cosmology and galaxy evolution studies with LSST, Euclid, and Roman, will require accurate redshifts for the detected galaxies. In this study, we present improved photometric redshift estimates for galaxies using a template library that populates three-colour space and is constrained by HST/CANDELS photometry. For the training sample, we use a sample of galaxies having photometric redshifts that allows us to train on a large, unbiased galaxy sample having deep, unconfused photometry at optical-to-mid infrared wavelengths. Galaxies in the training sample are assigned to cubes in 3D colour space, V − H, I − J, and z − H. We then derive the best-fitting spectral energy distributions of the training sample at the fixed CANDELS median photometric redshifts to construct the new template library for each individual colour cube (i.e. colour-cube-based template library). We derive photometric redshifts (photo-z) of our target galaxies using our new colour-cube-based template library and with photometry in only a limited set of bands, as expected for the aforementioned surveys. As a result, our method yields σNMAD of 0.026 and an outlier fraction of 6 per cent using only photometry in the LSST and Euclid/Roman bands. This is an improvement of ∼10 per cent on σNMAD and a reduction in outlier fraction of ∼13 per cent compared to other techniques. In particular, we improve the photo-z precision by about 30 per cent at 2 < z < 3. We also assess photo-z improvements by including K or mid-infrared bands to the ugrizYJH photometry. Our colour-cube-based template library is a powerful tool to constrain photometric redshifts for future large surveys.

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Falk, Howard. "Flatbed colour scanners." Electronic Library 15, no. 3 (March 1997): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb045562.

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Iamaguti, Mariana, Marcella Gadotti, Fernanda Henriques, and Paula Trigueiros. "Analysis of graphic codes for colour representation." Information Design Journal 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.00003.iam.

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Abstract This article is the result of initial tests and studies about two systems for chromatic representation. It introduces and discusses the use and importance of two graphic codes created in Portugal as well as their graphic application on information and communication systems in an inclusive manner for individuals with different chromatic perceptions and needs. Designed mainly for people with colour blindness and visual impairment, ColorADD and Feelipa Color Code are alternatives for colour representation via graphic and tactile mediums. From pilot tests, the application, usage and impact of these systems on society and education have been investigated via field research and interviews with their creators, developers and users.

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Wesley, Hema, and Geetha Sheshadri. "Evolution of Scholarly Publishing and Library Services in Astronomy Its Impact, Challenges, and Opportunities." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (August 2015): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316002672.

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AbstractScholarly publishing and its procedures have evolved rapidly, forcefully, and incredibly. Technical advances in the production and promotion of science content have dramatically augmented the visibility and reach, deepened the impact and intensified the thrust of science journal content. These changes range from checking text on perforated tapes to pit stop; from hot metal types to CTP; and from Gutenberg to colour digital printers. Intrinsic and inextricable to this revolutionary aspect of evolution in scholarly publishing is the evolution of library services in astronomy which catapulted library resources from preprints on shelves to customised digital repositories and from communicating observational data through postal telegrams to Tablets. What impact does this unique blend of revolutionary advances have on science and society, what are the consequent challenges, and what are the opportunities that can metamorphose from challenges inherent in the power and potential of the ‘published word’?The perspectives expressed in this paper stem from learning experiences of the authors at the Indian Academy of Sciences, publishers of ten science journals including the Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, and at the Raman Research Institute Library (in which Astronomy is one of the core subjects for research)

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Christensen, Julia F., Anna Lambrechts, and Manos Tsakiris. "The Warburg Dance Movement Library—The WADAMO Library: A Validation Study." Perception 48, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 26–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618816631.

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The Warburg Dance Movement Library is a validated set of 234 video clips of dance movements for empirical research in the fields of cognitive science and neuroscience of action perception, affect perception and neuroaesthetics. The library contains two categories of video clips of dance movement sequences. Of each pair, one version of the movement sequence is emotionally expressive (Clip a), while the other version of the same sequence (Clip b) is not expressive but as technically correct as the expressive version (Clip a). We sought to complement previous dance video stimuli libraries. Facial information, colour and music have been removed, and each clip has been faded in and out. We equalised stimulus length (6 seconds, 8 counts in dance theory), the dancers’ clothing and video background and included both male and female dancers, and we controlled for technical correctness of movement execution. The Warburg Dance Movement Library contains both contemporary and ballet movements. Two online surveys ( N = 160) confirmed the classification into the two categories of expressivity. Four additional online surveys ( N = 80) provided beauty and liking ratings for each clip. A correlation matrix illustrates all variables of this norming study (technical correctness, expressivity, beauty, liking, luminance, motion energy).

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Manjavacas, E., N. Lodieu, V. J. S. Béjar, M. R. Zapatero-Osorio, S. Boudreault, and M. Bonnefoy. "Spectral library of age-benchmark low-mass stars and brown dwarfs." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 491, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 5925–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3441.

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ABSTRACT In recent years, some extremely red brown dwarfs have been discovered. They were believed to have a low surface gravity, but many of their spectral characteristics are similar to those of high-surface-gravity brown dwarfs, showing that the spectral characteristics of young brown dwarfs are poorly understood. We aim to test surface-gravity indicators in late-M and early-L brown dwarf spectra using data obtained with the X-shooter spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope. We select a benchmark sample of brown dwarf members of Chamaeleon I (∼2 Myr), Upper Scorpius (5−10 Myr), the Pleiades (132 ± 27 Myr) and Praesepe (590−790 Myr) with well-constrained ages and similar metallicities. We provide a consistent spectral classification of the sample in the optical and in the near-infrared. We measure the equivalent widths of their alkali lines, finding that they have a moderate correlation with age, especially for objects with spectral types M8 and later. We use spectral indices defined in the literature to estimate surface gravity, finding that their gravity assignment is accurate for 75 per cent of our sample. We investigate the correlation between red colour and age, finding that after ∼10 Myr, the colour does not change significantly for our sample with spectral types M6.0–L3.0. In this case, the red colours might be associated with circumstellar discs, ring structures, extinction, or viewing angle. Finally, we calculate the bolometric luminosity, and J and K bolometric corrections for our sample. We find that six objects are overluminous compared with other members of the same association. These objects are flagged as binary candidates by the Gaia survey.

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Bright, Keith, and Veronika Egger (is-design GmbH). "Using visual contrast for effective, inclusive environments." Information Design Journal 16, no. 3 (December 8, 2008): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.16.3.02bri.

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Colour and lighting play important and unique roles in the way people enjoy environment or spaces. There is a constant interaction between people and the colours that surround them which not only affects the way they move around within the space but also determines how safe, secure and confident they feel when doing so. In addition, colour can help people determine which route to take, and what potential hazards or obstacles they may encounter. Lighting plays an important role in how different colours and combinations of colours are seen and experienced. Whilst this is true for all users, for people with sensory impairments, being able to navigate and to identify features is critical to their ability to use an environment or space without undue effort, in safely, with confidence and, wherever possible, independently. For partially sighted people, maximising the effectiveness of their residual vision through the use of environmental factors such as visual contrast and lighting can also have a major impact on their sense of well-being and on their ability to make decisions about how to use the environments they encounter. In considering the light reflected from a colour – known as its light reflectance value (LRV) – it is possible to specify levels of visual contrast that are appropriate to meet the needs of many partially sighted people. Linking this to an understanding of the search and navigation strategies they adopt when using buildings and space means it is also possible to create interesting and innovative designs and decoration schemes that assist partially sighted people without creating environments that are unacceptable to other users.

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Hung, Chia-Ching. "A study on a content-based image retrieval technique for Chinese paintings." Electronic Library 36, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-10-2016-0219.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to build a database of digital Chinese painting images and use the proposed technique to extract image and texture information, and search images similar to the query image based on colour histogram and texture features in the database. Thus, retrieving images by this image technique is expected to make the retrieval of Chinese painting images more precise and convenient for users. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a technique is proposed that considers spatial information of colours in addition to texture feature in image retrieval. This technique can be applied to retrieval of Chinese painting images. A database of 1,200 digital Chinese painting images in three categories was built, including landscape, flower and figure. The authors develop an image-retrieval technique that considers colour distribution, spatial information of colours and texture. Findings In this study, a database of 1,200 digital Chinese painting images in three categories was built, including landscape, flower and figure. An image-retrieval technique was developed that considers colour distribution, spatial information of colours and texture. Through adjustment of feature values, this technique is able to process both landscape and portrait images. This technique also addresses liubai (i.e. blank) and text problems in the images. The experimental results confirm high precision rate of the proposed retrieval technique. Originality/value In this paper, a novel Chinese painting image-retrieval technique is proposed. Existing image-retrieval techniques and the features of Chinese painting are used to retrieve Chinese painting images. The proposed technique can exclude less important image information in Chinese painting images for instance liubai and calligraphy while calculating the feature values in them. The experimental results confirm that the proposed technique delivers a retrieval precision rate as high as 92 per cent and does not require a considerable computing power for feature extraction. This technique can be applied to Web page image retrieval or to other mobile applications.

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Soriano, Cristina, and Javier Valenzuela. "Emotion and colour across languages: implicit associations in Spanish colour terms." Social Science Information 48, no. 3 (August 21, 2009): 421–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018409106199.

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This study explores the reasons why colour words and emotion words are frequently associated in the different languages of the world. One of them is connotative overlap between the colour term and the emotion term. A new experimental methodology, the Implicit Association Test (IAT), is used to investigate the implicit connotative structure of the Peninsular Spanish colour terms rojo (red), azul (blue), verde (green) and amarillo (yellow) in terms of Osgood’s universal semantic dimensions: Evaluation (good—bad), Activity (excited—relaxed) and Potency (strong—weak). The results show a connotative profile compatible with the previous literature, except for the valence (good—bad) of some of the colour terms, which is reversed. We suggest reasons for both these similarities and differences with previous studies and propose further research to test these implicit connotations and their effect on the association of colour with emotion words.

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Gaskell, Roger. "Printing Colour, 1400–1700: History, Techniques, Functions and Receptions . Ed. By Ad Stijnman and Elizabeth Savage." Library 17, no. 4 (December 2016): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/17.4.453.

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Tadi Bani, Neda, and Shervan Fekri-Ershad. "Content-based image retrieval based on combination of texture and colour information extracted in spatial and frequency domains." Electronic Library 37, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 650–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-03-2019-0067.

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Purpose Large amount of data are stored in image format. Image retrieval from bulk databases has become a hot research topic. An alternative method for efficient image retrieval is proposed based on a combination of texture and colour information. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a new content based image retrieval approach using combination of color and texture information in spatial and transform domains jointly. Design/methodology/approach Various methods are provided for image retrieval, which try to extract the image contents based on texture, colour and shape. The proposed image retrieval method extracts global and local texture and colour information in two spatial and frequency domains. In this way, image is filtered by Gaussian filter, then co-occurrence matrices are made in different directions and the statistical features are extracted. The purpose of this phase is to extract noise-resistant local textures. Then the quantised histogram is produced to extract global colour information in the spatial domain. Also, Gabor filter banks are used to extract local texture features in the frequency domain. After concatenating the extracted features and using the normalised Euclidean criterion, retrieval is performed. Findings The performance of the proposed method is evaluated based on the precision, recall and run time measures on the Simplicity database. It is compared with many efficient methods of this field. The comparison results showed that the proposed method provides higher precision than many existing methods. Originality/value The comparison results showed that the proposed method provides higher precision than many existing methods. Rotation invariant, scale invariant and low sensitivity to noise are some advantages of the proposed method. The run time of the proposed method is within the usual time frame of algorithms in this domain, which indicates that the proposed method can be used online.

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Reynolds, Linda. "The functional use of colour on visual display units." Information Design Journal 8, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.8.2.02rey.

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Where full-colour monitors are used for information displays, the use of colour must take into account ergonomic, perceptual, cognitive and aesthetic factors. Air traffic control displays are a safety-critical application where it is essential that colour should not be used inappropriately. This paper describes an approach to the use of colour for  displays whereby the objects on the display are assigned to a series of conceptual layers which are in turn represented as visual layers. Background map features are shown as opaque infills, overlaid with transparent infills for overlapping areas; alphanumeric labels in the foreground are shown in black, each with an attached infill to ensure good legibility and effective colour coding. Colour palettes are provided for each layer so that the display designer has flexibility but can be confident that the display will be free of colour illusions and ambiguities. The resulting displays can be used in normal office lighting. (The work was undertaken for the Chief Scientist's Division of the National Air Traffic Services, part of the UK Civil Aviation Authority.)

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Bowker, Lynne. "You say "flatbed colour scanner", I say "colour flatbed scanner"." Terminology 4, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 275–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.4.2.04bow.

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It has often been suggested that terms are not prone to variation. Moreover, many standardizing organizations and terminology textbooks take a prescriptive approach to term formation and use in which they disparage variation. However, we believe that variation is not due to arbitrariness or carelessness, but rather that it is well-motivated and useful in expert discourse. We hypothesize that multidimensional classification is one of the determining factors behind term choice and we present an empirical study of the influence of multidimensional classification on term use in which we examine variant terms in context in a one-million word corpus in the specialized subject field of optical scanning technology.

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Alderson, B. "Wilhelm Busch: Die Bildergeschichten. Historisch-kritische Ausgabe, I: Fruhwerk; II: Reifezeit; III: Spatwerk. Ed. by HANS RIES, with the assistance of Ingrid Haberland. Hanover: Schlutersche Gmbh., in association with the ilhelm-Busch-Gesellschaft. 2002. xvi pp. + 1819 cols + 8 colour plates; viii pp. + 1729 cols + 24 colour plates; viii pp. + 1889 cols + 24 colour plates. 199. isbn 3 87706 450 x." Library 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/8.1.81.

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Hughes, Frances Rothwell. "Sylvanus Morgan’s Library: Books for an Aspirational Heraldic Painter." Library 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/22.1.69.

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Abstract This article analyses an unpublished manuscript in Cambridge University Library belonging to the arms-painter and author Sylvanus Morgan (1620–1693), which contains two iterations of a library list, one beginning in 1646 and the other in 1653. The notebook also features drafts for Morgan's subsequent publications, indicating the intersection between his reading and writing habits. His library is usually only discussed in relation to that of Robert Boyle, because the remains of both men's libraries were inextricably muddled together in a joint book auction after Morgan's death. Here, the Painter-Stainer's book collection is considered in its own right, showing his (unsuccessful) attempts to elevate the status of heraldic knowledge through reference to contemporary colour theory, astronomy and philosophy. An annotated transcription of Morgan's 1653 list of printed books is included in an appendix.

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Weimerskirch, Philip J. "Milestones in Colour Printing, 1457-1859. Bamber Gascoigne." Library Quarterly 69, no. 2 (April 1999): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/603070.

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Lorenzo-Gutiérrez, A., E. J. Alfaro, J. Maíz Apellániz, R. H. Barbá, A. Marín-Franch, A. Ederoclite, D. Cristóbal-Hornillos, et al. "Deriving stellar parameters from GALANTE photometry: bias and precision." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 3 (April 9, 2020): 3342–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa892.

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ABSTRACT In this paper, we analyse how to extract the physical properties from the GALANTE photometry of a stellar sample. We propose a direct comparison between the observational colours (photometric bands normalized to the 515 nm central wavelength) and the synthetic colours derived from different stellar libraries. We use the reduced χ2 as the figure of merit for selecting the best fitting between both colour sets. The synthetic colours of the Next Generation Spectral Library (NGSL) provide a valuable sample for testing the uncertainty and precision of the stellar parameters derived from observational data. Reddening, as an extrinsic stellar physical parameter becomes a crucial variable for accounting for the errors and bias in the derived estimates: the higher the reddenings, the larger the errors and uncertainties in the derived parameters. NGSL colours also enable us to compare different theoretical stellar libraries for the same set of physical parameters, where we see how different catalogues of models can provide very different solutions in a, sometimes, non-linear way. This peculiar behaviour makes us to be cautious with the derived physical parameters obtained from GALANTE photometry without previous detailed knowledge of the theoretical libraries used to this end. In addition, we carry out the experiment of deriving physical stellar parameters from some theoretical libraries, using some other libraries as observational data. In particular, we use the Kurucz and Coelho libraries, as input observational data, to derive stellar parameters from Coelho + TLUSTY and Kurucz + TLUSTY stellar libraries, respectively, for different photometric errors and colour excesses.

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Kurmangulov, A. A., E. E. Korchagin, Yu S. Reshetnikova, N. I. Golovina, and N. S. Brynza. "Colour Solutions in Navigation Support as an Indicator of Visualisation Effi ciency in a Modern Hospital (A Review)." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 27, no. 5 (October 14, 2020): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2020-27-5-128-143.

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Background. Provided stronger demands of people towards healthcare systems, changes in the legal framework and increasing competition, medical institutions are seeking new approaches and mechanisms for improving comfort of medical care services. Navigation support as part of the visualisation system in a medical unit should comply with certain standards of colour design and its comfortable presentation to patients.Objectives. To formulate basic principles for effective colour navigation support in medical facilities using best national and foreign practices of colour design for navigation and visualisation solutions in healthcare.Мethods. Relevant publications were mined in Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, the Cochrane Library, Elibrary and PubMed. Search depth by time was limited to 10 years. Main keyword queries were «lean production» [«бережливое производство»], «lean healthcare» [«бережливое здравоохранение»], «lean medicine», «navigation» [«навигация»], «visualization» [«визуализация»], «бережливая поликлиника», «квалиметрия». The obtained data were interpreted using legal, historical, descriptive analytical methods, content analysis.Results. Colour solutions in the Russian healthcare system are implemented in a variety of ways to support data visualisation. As part of a visual and tactile navigation system, the colour solutions serve to highlight individual navigation objects, pattern space, order and structure navigation elements, emphasise and manage relevant textual information. Incorrect colour navigation support can lead to wastes of lean principles in the main, auxiliary and maintenance processes in a medical facility. The Russian federal legislation does not currently regulate colour solutions for visualisation support in medical institutions.Conclusion. Colour solutions being part of navigation support systems should be regulated by federal and regional legal acts to allow qualimetric assessment and improvement of navigation and visual systems in medical facilities. A high-quality design of navigation support requires detailed information about the managed institution.

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Chao, Po-Yao, and Chia-Ching Lin. "Young children’s storybook searching with a visualized search interface." Electronic Library 33, no. 4 (August 3, 2015): 610–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-12-2013-0219.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how young children interact with a visualized search interface to search for storybooks by assembling the provided visual searching items and to explore the difference in visual search behaviours and strategies exhibited by pre-schoolers and second-graders. Design/methodology/approach – The visualized search interface was used to help young children search for storybooks by dragging-and-dropping story characters, scene objects and colour icons to perform search queries. Twenty pre-schoolers and 20 second-graders were asked to finish a search task through the visualized search interface. Their activities and successes in performing visual searches were logged for later analysis. Furthermore, in-depth interviews were also conducted to research their cognitive strategies exhibited while formulating visual search queries. Findings – Young children with different grades adopted different cognitive strategies to perform visual searching. In contrast to the pre-schoolers who performed visual searching by personal preference, the second-graders could exercise visual searching accompanied with relatively high-order thinking. Young children may also place different foci on the storybook structure to deal with conditional storybook queries. The pre-schoolers tended to address the characters in the story, whereas the second-graders paid much attention to the aspects of scene and colour. Originality/value – This paper describes a new visual search approach allowing young children to search for storybooks by describing an intended storybook in terms of its characters, scenes or the background colours, which provides valuable indicators to inform researchers of how pre-schoolers and second-graders formulate concepts to search for storybooks.

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Rushforth, R. "Guide to Scripts Used in English Writings up to 1500. By JANE ROBERTS. London: The British Library. 2005. xiv + 294 pp. + 8 colour plates. 40. ISBN 0 7123 4884 0." Library 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/9.1.089.

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Perreault, Nancy N., Dale T. Andersen, Wayne H. Pollard, Charles W. Greer, and Lyle G. Whyte. "Characterization of the Prokaryotic Diversity in Cold Saline Perennial Springs of the Canadian High Arctic." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 5 (January 12, 2007): 1532–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01729-06.

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ABSTRACT The springs at Gypsum Hill and Colour Peak on Axel Heiberg Island in the Canadian Arctic originate from deep salt aquifers and are among the few known examples of cold springs in thick permafrost on Earth. The springs discharge cold anoxic brines (7.5 to 15.8% salts), with a mean oxidoreduction potential of −325 mV, and contain high concentrations of sulfate and sulfide. We surveyed the microbial diversity in the sediments of seven springs by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and analyzing clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes amplified with Bacteria and Archaea-specific primers. Dendrogram analysis of the DGGE banding patterns divided the springs into two clusters based on their geographic origin. Bacterial 16S rRNA clone sequences from the Gypsum Hill library (spring GH-4) were classified into seven phyla (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Verrucomicrobia); Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria sequences represented half of the clone library. Sequences related to Proteobacteria (82%), Firmicutes (9%), and Bacteroidetes (6%) constituted 97% of the bacterial clone library from Colour Peak (spring CP-1). Most GH-4 archaeal clone sequences (79%) were related to the Crenarchaeota while half of the CP-1 sequences were related to orders Halobacteriales and Methanosarcinales of the Euryarchaeota. Sequences related to the sulfur-oxidizing bacterium Thiomicrospira psychrophila dominated both the GH-4 (19%) and CP-1 (45%) bacterial libraries, and 56 to 76% of the bacterial sequences were from potential sulfur-metabolizing bacteria. These results suggest that the utilization and cycling of sulfur compounds may play a major role in the energy production and maintenance of microbial communities in these unique, cold environments.

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Gadd, Elizabeth, and Denise Troll Covey. "What does ‘green’ open access mean? Tracking twelve years of changes to journal publisher self-archiving policies." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 51, no. 1 (July 12, 2016): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000616657406.

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Traces the 12-year self-archiving policy journey of the original 107 publishers listed on the SHERPA/RoMEO Publisher Policy Database in 2004, through to 2015. Maps the RoMEO colour codes (‘green’, ‘blue’, ‘yellow’ and ‘white’) and related restrictions and conditions over time. Finds that while the volume of publishers allowing some form of self-archiving (pre-print, post-print or both) has increased by 12% over the 12 years, the volume of restrictions around how, where and when self-archiving may take place has increased 119%, 190% and 1000% respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the increase in self-archiving restrictions and the introduction of Gold paid open access options. Suggests that by conveying only the version of a paper that authors may self-archive, the RoMEO colour codes do not address all the key elements of the Bethesda Definition of Open Access. Compares the number of RoMEO ‘green’ publishers over time with those meeting the definition for ‘redefined green’ (allowing embargo-free deposit of the post-print in an institutional repository). Finds that RoMEO ‘green’ increased by 8% and ‘redefined green’ decreased by 35% over the 12 years. Concludes that the RoMEO colour codes no longer convey a commitment to green open access as originally intended. Calls for open access advocates, funders, institutions and authors to redefine what ‘green’ means to better reflect a publisher’s commitment to self-archiving.

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Haigh, Susan. "Children’s input is vital to creating an online library that meets children’s information needs." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 1, no. 1 (March 15, 2006): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b83012.

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A review of Druin, Allison. “What Children Can Teach Us: Developing Digital Libraries for Children with Children.” The Library Quarterly 75.1 (January 2005): 20-41. Objective – Through use of an interdisciplinary research team that included children, the study aimed to demonstrate that including children in the design of a digital library for children would result in some new approaches that would improve the site’s usability for the target user group. Design – Case study. Setting – The research was conducted at University of Maryland over a four-year period and involved an interdisciplinary research team of adult researchers from information studies, computer science, education, art, and psychology as well as seven children aged 7-11. Subjects – Seven children participated in the design team over two years; 153 children were observed and interviewed in the design phase; and the resulting new approaches were validated post-launch by analysis of International Children’s Digital Library (ICDL) (http://www.icdlbooks.org) users and usage patterns from November 2002-November 2003 (over 90,000 unique users and 19,000 optional questionnaire respondents). Method – The study included seven children in the design team for a digital library of international children’s books, which resulted in new approaches to collection development, cataloguing, and the search interface. In the design phase, research methods involving the seven children included brainstorming techniques, “cooperative inquiry”, low-tech prototyping; and lab use studies. The team also undertook observation and interviews of 153 children engaged in searching and selecting books from public library catalogues. In validating the new approaches that resulted from the design research, the team employed web log analysis, a voluntary online survey, and working with children in local schools to understand their use of ICDL. Main results – The inclusion of children’s viewpoints in the design stage of the ICDL had an impact in three areas: collection development, metadata, and interface design. For collection development, the research showed that kids were interested in books about children from other cultures and other times in history; in animals, both real and make-believe; in books that are sensitive to other cultures; and in books that are in good condition. For metadata, the research showed that children do not distinguish ‘fiction’ and ‘non-fiction’; look for ‘scary stuff’ or ‘gross stuff’; are often seeking books that make them feel a certain way; care about the look of book covers and may recall books by jacket colours; and use free vocabulary like ‘princesses’ and ‘jokes’. For interface design, the children’s involvement led to more search options (utilizing the new categories of metadata that were created), and customization options such as ability to choose different forms and colour palettes for book readers (e.g. the comic book reader, the spiral book reader). Web log and survey data, as well as lab tests, showed that the innovations resulting from the children’s design input were used. Of the over 90,000 unique users who visited the site in its first year, “genre” and “color” were statistically the fourth and fifth most popular search categories. In lab tests, girls used “color” twice as often as boys, and older boys preferred “genre” while younger children did not pay attention to that category. Conclusions – A first conclusion is that children’s input is vital to creating an online library that meets children’s information needs, tendencies and preferences. Also, seven design principles emerged: 1. Children’s input is invaluable and they should be involved in the design of their libraries. 2. Digital collections for children should consider works both contemporary and historical, and in different languages and representative of different cultures. 3. A variety of search interfaces are needed and it is particularly important to express categories with visual icons. 4. Additional metadata can be needed to reflect children’s views of relevant search criteria. 5. Interfaces should be customizable, such as providing various formats of reader that could themselves be customized in colour. 6. Tools should be suitable for use from the home and for collaborative use, such as use by a parent with a child. 7. Innovation requiring high bandwidth must be balanced with a low bandwidth version to assure broadest possible use. Lastly, the researchers concluded that more research is merited to assess the broader impact of digital libraries on children as searchers and readers.

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Cooke, Nicole A., and Joe O. Sánchez. "Getting it on the Record: Faculty of Color in Library and Information Science." Journal of Education for Library and Information Science 60, no. 3 (July 2019): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jelis.60.3.01.

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West, G. "The Spanish Letter of Columbus: A Facsimile of the Original Edition Published by Bernard Quaritch in 1891. Ed. by ANTHONY PAYNE. London: Quaritch. 2006. li + 33 pp. + 10 colour plates. 60. ISBN 0 9550852 2 5." Library 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/9.1.093.

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Blas, Nataly, Aisha Conner-Gaten, Rachel Deras, and Jessea Young. "Empowering collaborations and creating brave spaces: People of Color in Library and Information Science Summit." College & Research Libraries News 80, no. 5 (May 3, 2019): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.80.5.270.

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The William H. Hannon Library at Loyola Marymount University (LMU) in Los Angeles, California, held the first People of Color in Library and Information Science (POC in LIS) Summit on July 13, 2018. The summit was a collaborative planning effort by LMU librarians to create a productive and brave space for POC, especially women and marginalized identities, working in the information sector. The POC in LIS Summit invited participants to challenge their roles as information workers and acknowledge that dominant narratives may be disrupted.

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Cardiel, Nicolás, Jaime Zamorano, Salvador Bará, Alejandro Sánchez de Miguel, Cristina Cabello, Jesús Gallego, Lucía García, et al. "Synthetic RGB photometry of bright stars: definition of the standard photometric system and UCM library of spectrophotometric spectra." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 3730–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab997.

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ABSTRACT Although the use of RGB photometry has exploded in the last decades due to the advent of high-quality and inexpensive digital cameras equipped with Bayer-like colour filter systems, there is surprisingly no catalogue of bright stars that can be used for calibration purposes. Since due to their excessive brightness, accurate enough spectrophotometric measurements of bright stars typically cannot be performed with modern large telescopes, we have employed historical 13-colour medium-narrow-band photometric data, gathered with quite reliable photomultipliers, to fit the spectrum of 1346 bright stars using stellar atmosphere models. This not only constitutes a useful compilation of bright spectrophotometric standards well spread in the celestial sphere, the UCM library of spectrophotometric spectra, but allows the generation of a catalogue of reference RGB magnitudes, with typical random uncertainties ∼0.01 mag. For that purpose, we have defined a new set of spectral sensitivity curves, computed as the median of 28 sets of empirical sensitivity curves from the literature, that can be used to establish a standard RGB photometric system. Conversions between RGB magnitudes computed with any of these sets of empirical RGB curves and those determined with the new standard photometric system are provided. Even though particular RGB measurements from single cameras are not expected to provide extremely accurate photometric data, the repeatability and multiplicity of observations will allow access to a large amount of exploitable data in many astronomical fields, such as the detailed monitoring of light pollution and its impact on the night sky brightness, or the study of meteors, Solar system bodies, variable stars, and transient objects. In addition, the RGB magnitudes presented here make the sky an accessible and free laboratory for the calibration of the cameras themselves.

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Stillo, Stephanie Elizabeth. "Putting the World in Its “Proper Colour”: Exploring Hand-Coloring in Early Modern Maps." Journal of Map & Geography Libraries 12, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 158–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15420353.2016.1146200.

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Fahy, C. "Antonio Possevino S.I. Bibliografo della Controriforma e diffusione della sua opera in area anglicana. By LUIGI BALSAMO. (Biblioteca di bibliogra.a italiana, 186.) Florence: Olschki. 2006. 225 pp. + 25 black-and-white plates + 1 colour plate. 24. isbn 88 222 5569 0." Library 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 342–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/8.3.342.

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Davies, M. C. "Catalogues regionaux des incunables des bibliotheques publiques de France, vol. 17: Haute-Normandie. By VALERIE NEVEU. (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Sciences historiques et philologiques, 6: Histoire et civilisation du livre, 28.) Geneva: Droz. 2005. 486 pp. + 15 colour and 18 black-and-white plates. CHF 92. ISBN 2 600 00987 6." Library 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/9.1.091.

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Dalton, Michelle. "Undergraduate Students Still Experience Difficulty Interpreting Library of Congress Call Numbers." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 4 (December 12, 2013): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8c32z.

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Objective – To explore how undergraduate students interpret Library of Congress call numbers when trying to locate books. Design – Multiple case study. Setting – A public, residential university in Illinois, United States of America. Subjects – 11 undergraduate students (10 upper division, 1 freshman; no transfer students included). Methods – A qualitative approach was adopted, with a multiple case study design used to facilitate the collection of data from several sources. Students were recruited for the study via convenience and snowball sampling. Participants who volunteered were interviewed and requested to complete a task that required them to organize eight call numbers written on index cards in the correct order. Interviewees were also asked about any instruction they had received on interpreting call numbers, and their experiences locating materials in other libraries and bookstores. Responses were then coded using colours to identify common themes. Main Results – The study reported that there was little correlation between the students’ own estimation of their ability to locate materials and their actual performance in the index card test. Five students who reported that they could find materials 75-100% of the time performed poorly in the test. Of the 11 participants, only 4 ordered the cards correctly, and in 1 such case this was by fortune rather than correct reasoning. Of these, three self-reported a high level of confidence in their ability to locate material, whilst one reported that he could only find the material he was looking for approximately half of the time. Of the seven students who incorrectly ordered the cards, no two students placed their cards in the same order, indicative that there is no clear pattern in how students misinterpret the numbers. During the interview process, five students stated that they experienced more difficulty locating books in bookstores compared with the library. Conclusion – Based on the findings of the study, the authors recommend several interventions which could help students to locate material within the library, namely through improved signage in shelving areas including the listing of subjects and colour-coding, as well as integrating training on understanding call numbers into subject-based instruction. The possibility of using online directional aids such as QR codes and electronic floor maps is also suggested as a strategy to help orient students.

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Arun, R., Blesson Mathew, Sridharan Rengaswamy, P. Manoj, Mayank Narang, Sreeja S. Kartha, and G. Maheshwar. "Discovery of an M-type companion to the Herbig Ae Star V1787 Ori." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 501, no. 1 (November 24, 2020): 1243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3652.

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ABSTRACT The intermediate-mass Herbig Ae star V1787 Ori is a member of the L1641 star-forming region in the Orion A molecular cloud. We report the detection of an M-type companion to V1787 Ori at a projected separation of 6.66 arcsec (corresponding to 2577 au), from the analysis of VLT/NACO adaptive optics Ks-band image. Using astrometric data from Gaia DR2, we show that V1787 Ori A and B share similar distance (d ∼ 387 pc) and proper motion, indicating that they are physically associated. We estimate the spectral type of V1787 Ori B to be M5 ± 2 from colour–spectral type calibration tables and template matching using SpeX spectral library. By fitting PARSEC models in the Pan-STARRS colour–magnitude diagram, we find that V1787 Ori B has an age of 8.1$^{+1.7}_{-1.5}$ Myr and a mass of 0.39$^{+0.02}_{-0.05}$ M⊙. We show that V1787 Ori is a pre-main-sequence wide binary system with a mass ratio of 0.23. Such a low-mass ratio system is rarely identified in Herbig Ae/Be binary systems. We conclude this work with a discussion on possible mechanisms for the formation of V1787 Ori wide binary system.

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Hamer, Sally. "Colour blind: Investigating the racial bias of virtual reference services in English academic libraries." Journal of Academic Librarianship 47, no. 5 (September 2021): 102416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102416.

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Plasek, Brigitta, Zoltán Lakner, and Ágoston Temesi. "Factors that Influence the Perceived Healthiness of Food—Review." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061881.

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The interest of consumers is the consumption of healthy food, whereas the interest of food manufacturers is that consumers recognize the produced “healthier” food items on the shelves, so they can satisfy their demands. This way, identifying the factors that influence the perceived healthiness of food products is a mutual interest. What causes consumers to consider one product more beneficial to health than another? In recent years, numerous studies have been published on the topic of the influence of several health-related factors on consumer perception. This analysis collected and categorized the research results related to this question. This review collects 59 articles with the help of the search engines Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, MDPI and Emerald Insight between 1 January 2014 and 31 March 2019. Our paper yielded six separate categories that influence consumers in their perception of the healthiness of food items: the communicated information—like FoP labels and health claims, the product category, the shape and colour of the product packaging, the ingredients of the product, the organic origin of the product, and the taste and other sensory features of the product.

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Kinashchuk, Tetiana, and Nataliia Sunko. "PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AS A MEANS OF ATTRACTION OF ENGLISH NEWSPAPER HEADLINES." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 831-832 (2021): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2021.831-832.96-105.

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The article is devoted to the study of the role of phraseological units in English newspaper headlines. The aim of the work is to study and analyze pragmatic functions of phraseological units in the headlines of modern British and American newspaper articles. The notion of phraseological unit is revealed and its features are defined. The subject of the study is 185 phraseological units belonging to three groups, namely: phraseological units with a component related to the field of colour, music and weather. The research material includes 9,200 headlines of English newspapers, dated 2014-2018 and selected from the Questia Online Library. Using the method of continuous sampling, we selected phraseological units from the dictionaries The Oxford Dictionary of Idioms, Dictionary of English Idioms & Phrases and McGraw-Hill’s Essential American Idioms Dictionary. In addition, the frequency of use of phraseological units of the three groups in the headlines of British and American discourses was studied and analyzed. The study found that the most common of the three groups was the group of phraseological units with a component related to the field of colour. The second most common is the group of phraseological units with a component related to the field of music, and the least numerous is the group of phraseological units with a component related to the field of weather. In addition, it was determined what phraseological units are the most common in English newspaper headlines and which ones are the least common.

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Kaufmann, Miranda. "Sir Pedro Negro: What Colour was His Skin?" Notes and Queries 55, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjn034.

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Larsen, Søren S., Aaron J. Romanowsky, and Jean P. Brodie. "Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the extremely metal-poor globular cluster EXT8 in Messier 31." Astronomy & Astrophysics 651 (July 2021): A102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141046.

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We recently found the globular cluster (GC) EXT8 in M 31 to have an extremely low metallicity of [Fe/H] = −2.91 ± 0.04 using high-resolution spectroscopy. Here we present a colour–magnitude diagram (CMD) for EXT8, obtained with the Wide Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope. Compared with the CMDs of metal-poor Galactic GCs, we find that the upper red giant branch (RGB) of EXT8 is ∼0.03 mag bluer in MF606W − MF814W and slightly steeper, as expected from the low spectroscopic metallicity. The observed colour spread on the upper RGB is consistent with being caused entirely by the measurement uncertainties, and we place an upper limit of σF606W − F814W ≈ 0.015 mag on any intrinsic colour spread. The corresponding metallicity spread can be up to σ[Fe/H] ∼ 0.2 dex or > 0.7 dex, depending on the isochrone library adopted. The horizontal branch is located mostly on the blue side of the instability strip and has a tail extending to at least MF606W = +3, as in the Galactic GC M 15. We identify two candidate RR Lyrae variables and several ultraviolet-luminous post-horizontal-branch and/or post-asymptotic-giant-branch star candidates, including one very bright (MF300X ≈ −3.2) source near the centre of EXT8. The surface brightness of EXT8 out to a radius of 25″ is well fitted by a Wilson-type profile with an ellipticity of ϵ = 0.20, a semi-major axis core radius of 0.″25, and a central surface brightness of μF606W, 0 = 15.2 mag arcsec−2, with no evidence of extra-tidal structure. Overall, EXT8 has properties consistent with it being a ‘normal’, but very metal-poor, GC, and its combination of relatively high mass and very low metallicity thus remains challenging to explain in the context of GC formation theories operating within the hierarchical galaxy assembly paradigm.

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Judi, Hairulliza Mohamad, Tengku Siti Meriam Ten, and Tai Ai Lee. "Information Access Based on Color in Children's Digital Library." International Journal of Soft Computing 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijscomp.2012.157.163.

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Ramón, Noelia, and Belén Labrador. "Selling cheese online." Terminology 24, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 210–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.00019.ram.

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Abstract This paper is a corpus-based study of certain key nouns used in promotional texts describing cheese in English. A corpus of online cheese descriptions was compiled to extract lexical information regarding the characterization of cheese. All in all, 37 key nouns were identified and classified into 7 semantic categories: appearance, part, colour, aroma, texture, taste and quality ranking. All the occurrences of each key noun were analysed to obtain an exhaustive inventory of the phraseological patterns in which they occur. The results show both objective characteristics (size, shape and colour) and subjective features which tend to be described positively in this promotional subgenre (aroma, texture and taste). Additionally, this text type includes key nouns related to the quality ranking of the cheeses promoted. The main aim of this paper is to gain insight into one particular subgenre – promotional cheese descriptions – through the major lexical co-occurrences used to convey positive evaluation of cheeses.

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Drábková, Klára, Jan Krejčí, Markéta Škrdlantová, Michal Ďurovič, and Bronislava Bacílková. "Influence of Disinfectants on Natural Textile Fibres." Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 42, no. 2 (May 12, 2021): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/res-2021-0002.

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Abstract Textiles are frequently used in bookbinding or for attaching pendent seals and thus they are an integral part of archival and library items. Any part of these items can be contaminated by various microorganisms. Consequently, it is often necessary to include disinfection procedures in the initial stages of the conservation process. Primarily, the agents employed in conservation must not harm the treated material. This work was concerned with monitoring the effect of selected disinfectant agents (ethylene oxide, Septonex®, glutaraldehyde, Bacillol® AF, butanol vapours, Acticide® MV, silver nanoparticles, Chiroseptol®) on the properties and long-term stability of natural textile fibres (cotton and silk). The disinfected textiles were subjected to three kinds of artificial ageing (dry heat, moist heat, and light) and their properties were determined by means of the total colour difference, thread tensile strength and the limiting viscosity number.

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Coelho, Paula R. T., Gustavo Bruzual, and Stéphane Charlot. "To use or not to use synthetic stellar spectra in population synthesis models?" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 491, no. 2 (October 30, 2019): 2025–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3023.

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ABSTRACT Stellar population synthesis (SPS) models are invaluable to study star clusters and galaxies. They provide means to extract stellar masses, stellar ages, star formation histories, chemical enrichment, and dust content of galaxies from their integrated spectral energy distributions, colours, or spectra. As most models, they contain uncertainties that can hamper our ability to model and interpret observed spectra. This work aims at studying a specific source of model uncertainty: the choice of an empirical versus a synthetic stellar spectral library. Empirical libraries suffer from limited coverage of parameter space, while synthetic libraries suffer from modelling inaccuracies. Given our current inability to have both ideal stellar-parameter coverage with ideal stellar spectra, what should one favour: better coverage of the parameters (synthetic library) or better spectra on a star-by-star basis (empirical library)? To study this question, we build a synthetic stellar library mimicking the coverage of an empirical library, and SPS models with different choices of stellar library tailored to these investigations. Through the comparison of model predictions and the spectral fitting of a sample of nearby galaxies, we learned that predicted colours are more affected by the coverage effect than the choice of a synthetic versus empirical library; the effects on predicted spectral indices are multiple and defy simple conclusions; derived galaxy ages are virtually unaffected by the choice of the library, but are underestimated when SPS models with limited parameter coverage are used; metallicities are robust against limited HRD coverage, but are underestimated when using synthetic libraries.

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Zhao, Haixia, and Ben Shneiderman. "Colour‐coded pixel‐based highly interactive Web mapping for georeferenced data exploration." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 19, no. 4 (April 2005): 413–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1365881051233125120.

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Martini, Eveline Claudia, Sibelli Olivieri Parreiras, Eric Dario Acuña, Alessandro Dourado Loguercio, and Alessandra Reis. "Does the Use of Reservoirs Have Any Impact on the Efficacy of At-Home Bleaching? A Systematic Review." Brazilian Dental Journal 30, no. 3 (June 2019): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902422.

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Abstract To answer the following focused question through a systematic review: “Are the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) and bleaching efficacy different between adult patients who undergo at-home bleaching using trays with reservoirs and those who use trays without reservoirs?”. A comprehensive search was performed in the MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, Brazilian Library in Dentistry, Cochrane Library, and grey literature without restrictions. Abstracts from conferences; unpublished and ongoing trial registries, dissertations and theses (ProQuest Dissertations and Periódicos Capes Theses databases) were searched. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. We used the Risk of Bias tool (RoB) from the Cochrane Collaboration for quality assessment. After the removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening and full-text examination, nine RCTs remained for qualitative analyses. The great majority of the studies did not report the method of randomization, allocation concealment, and examiner blinding during color assessment. From the nine studies, eight were at unclear risk of bias. In regard to color change, four studies reported no change and two reported improved color change with reservoirs. Only four studies recorded tooth sensitivity and they reported no significant differences. Only one study reported greater gingival irritation with reservoirs. Lack of data reporting prevented us from running a meta-analysis. Further well-designed RCT should be conducted to answer this research question. So far there is not evidence to support that reservoirs in bleaching trays improve color change. PROSPERO - CRD42016037628

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Barnard, Peter. "Gilbert, P. Butterfly collectors and painters: four centuries of colour plates from the library collections of The Natural History Museum, London." Archives of Natural History 30, no. 1 (April 2003): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2003.30.1.174.

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Stahre Wästberg, Beata, Thommy Eriksson, Göran Karlsson, Maria Sunnerstam, Michael Axelsson, and Monica Billger. "Design considerations for virtual laboratories: A comparative study of two virtual laboratories for learning about gas solubility and colour appearance." Education and Information Technologies 24, no. 3 (January 14, 2019): 2059–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-09857-0.

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Ciggaar, Krijnie. "The dedication miniatures in the Egmond Gospels: a Byzantinizing iconography?" Quaerendo 16, no. 1 (1986): 30–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006986x00071.

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AbstractThe Egmond Gospels, a much cherished manuscript in the Netherlands, have provoked a wealth of publications, descriptions, commentaries, catalogue entries etc. Most noted are the two dedication miniatures representing count Thierry of Holland (d. 988) and his wife Hildegard, offering the Evangeliary to the abbey of Egmond. The MS is now in the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague, cod. 76 F I. In the present article an attempt has been made to describe the colour programme of these two miniatures more accurately with the help of a stereomicroscope and the Munsell Color Atlas. Some suggestions have been made about the pigments which were probably used. A new date for the miniatures has been proposed, taking into consideration their historical context and their iconography. The most likely period is from 974 to 980. In this period double portraits are being introduced in the West, in the Ottonian world. An incentive for this new style was undoubtedly the arrival of the Byzantine princess Theophano who married Otto II in 972. In the Byzantine world imperial double portraits were very common. After the death of her father-in-law Otto I, in 973 and the official recognition of her co-rulership in 974, her role became more prominent, and may have stimulated the making of Western double portraits, if not as propaganda then at least to imitate Byzantine court life. Egbert, son of Thierry II and Hildegard, became chancellor of the Reich in 976 and archbishop of Trier in 977. He played an important role in Ottonian art as a patron and promoter, in which Byzantine influence is clearly discernible. Iconographical elements in the Egmond Gospels, such as the proskynesis, the disproportion between donors and 'authorities', the symmetry, the double portrait etc. betray influence from Byzantine iconography. Byzantine influence, indirectly via the Ottonians, was thus an active force in the execution of these miniatures, wherein Egbert is likely to have played an active role, even if the artist and the workshop are unknown.

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Haneefa K, Mohamed, and Divya P. "Factors Influencing Digital Reading Behaviour of Students." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 40, no. 05 (November 4, 2020): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.40.05.15672.

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The main aim of the study was to explore the factors influencing digital reading behavior of students. A survey with stratified random sample of 588 postgraduate students from the teaching departments of the universities in Kerala was used to conduct the study. The analysis revealed that majority of the students opined that with the availability of laptop, mobile phone and the Internet, their digital reading increases. There exists significant gender difference in the opinion of the students about the features like save, download, search, find and bookmark that helped them to read digitally. About half of the students mentioned that the factors like font size, text layout, type face and background colour are highly influencing while reading digitally. The students also responded that digital reading increases their selective reading, superficial reading, interactive reading, and decreases their in-depth reading, concentrated reading and sustained attention. Male students have significantly higher influence of e-resources on their reading practices than those of female students. This study is useful for professionals who are developing e-contents, e-resources and different types of e-learning interfaces

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Kim, Jongho, Jaemin Lee, and Taek Seung Lee. "Size-dependent fluorescence of conjugated polymer dots and correlation with the fluorescence in solution and in the solid phase of the polymer." Nanoscale 12, no. 4 (2020): 2492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr09380j.

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A size-library of conjugated polymer dots (Pdots) fabricated from a single polymer can be correlated with their emission color. From the correlation, the white-emitting Pdot can be fabricated with the precise control of their size.

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Hunter, Jonathan, and Andrew Cox. "Learning over tea! Studying in informal learning spaces." New Library World 115, no. 1/2 (January 7, 2014): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nlw-08-2013-0063.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer an exploratory investigation of students' use of informal learning spaces for their studies at the University of Sheffield. Previous research has mainly focused on formal learning spaces such as libraries and lecture theatres, but there is an increasing recognition of the value of informal learning spaces such as coffee bars. Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaires, observations and interviews were the sources of data for the study. The research approach particularly looked at how students used informal learning spaces and what their perceptions of the spaces were. Findings – Analysis showed that students found that the background atmosphere greatly influenced their choice of study location and that technological devices were only used sparingly. Students adapted their study habits to fit the learning spaces that they liked. Originality/value – Although, attention is often paid to the furniture and colour schemes in libraries, this article makes librarians consider the importance of all sensual stimuli in making libraries warm, friendly and homely spaces. The “Model of Zengagement” was developed to show how stimuli from the background atmosphere influences' students' study experience.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Colour library of science'

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