Academic literature on the topic 'Colour proof'

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Journal articles on the topic "Colour proof"

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Calude, Cristian S., and Elena Calude. "The complexity of the four colour theorem." LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics 13 (August 27, 2010): 414–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s1461157009000461.

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AbstractThe four colour theorem states that the vertices of every planar graph can be coloured with at most four colours so that no two adjacent vertices receive the same colour. This theorem is famous for many reasons, including the fact that its original 1977 proof includes a non-trivial computer verification. Recently, a formal proof of the theorem was obtained with the equational logic program Coq [G. Gonthier, ‘Formal proof–the four color theorem’,Notices of Amer. Math. Soc.55 (2008) no. 11, 1382–1393]. In this paper we describe an implementation of the computational method introduced by C. S. Calude and co-workers [Evaluating the complexity of mathematical problems. Part 1’,Complex Systems18 (2009) 267–285; A new measure of the difficulty of problems’,J. Mult. Valued Logic Soft Comput.12 (2006) 285–307] to evaluate the complexity of the four colour theorem. Our method uses a Diophantine equational representation of the theorem. We show that the four colour theorem is in the complexity class ℭU,4. For comparison, the Riemann hypothesis is in class ℭU,3while Fermat’s last theorem is in class ℭU,1.
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KIERSTEAD, H. A., and A. V. KOSTOCHKA. "A Short Proof of the Hajnal–Szemerédi Theorem on Equitable Colouring." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 17, no. 2 (March 2008): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548307008619.

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A proper vertex colouring of a graph is equitable if the sizes of colour classes differ by at most one. We present a new shorter proof of the celebrated Hajnal–Szemerédi theorem: for every positive integer r, every graph with maximum degree at most r has an equitable colouring with r+1 colours. The proof yields a polynomial time algorithm for such colourings.
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Taylor, Bernard. "The proof of the colour is in the projection." Physics Education 39, no. 4 (June 22, 2004): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/39/4/f04.

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Melia, Tom. "Proof of a new colour decomposition for QCD amplitudes." Journal of High Energy Physics 2015, no. 12 (December 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep12(2015)107.

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Pretorius, L. M., and K. J. Swanepoel. "A generalised Sylvester-Gallai Theorem." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 26, no. 1 (September 21, 2007): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v26i1.118.

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We give an algorithmic proof for the contrapositive of the following theorem that has recently been proved by the authors:Let S be a finite set of points in the plane, with each point coloured red, blue or with both colours. Suppose that for any two distinct points A and B in S sharing a colour k, there is a third point in S which has (inter alia) the colour different from k and is collinear with A and B. Then all the points in S are collinear.This theorem is a generalization of both the Sylvester-Gallai Theorem and the Motzkin-Rabin Theorem.
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Thörnblad, Erik. "The dominating colour of an infinite Pólya urn model." Journal of Applied Probability 53, no. 3 (September 2016): 914–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2016.49.

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AbstractWe study a Pólya-type urn model defined as follows. Start at time 0 with a single ball of some colour. Then, at each time n≥1, choose a ball from the urn uniformly at random. With probability ½<p<1, return the ball to the urn along with another ball of the same colour. With probability 1−p, recolour the ball to a new colour and then return it to the urn. This is equivalent to the supercritical case of a random graph model studied by Backhausz and Móri (2015), (2016) and Thörnblad (2015). We prove that, with probability 1, there is a dominating colour, in the sense that, after some random but finite time, there is a colour that always has the most number of balls. A crucial part of the proof is the analysis of an urn model with two colours, in which the observed ball is returned to the urn along with another ball of the same colour with probability p, and removed with probability 1−p. Our results here generalise a classical result about the Pólya urn model (which corresponds to p=1).
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Prabhu, Anusha, Giri Nandagopal M. S., Prakash Peralam Yegneswaran, Vijendra Prabhu, Ujjwal Verma, and Naresh Kumar Mani. "Thread integrated smart-phone imaging facilitates early turning point colorimetric assay for microbes." RSC Advances 10, no. 45 (2020): 26853–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra05190j.

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Ma, Weiguang, Dongxue Han, Min Zhou, Hao Sun, Lingnan Wang, Xiandui Dong, and Li Niu. "Ultrathin g-C3N4/TiO2composites as photoelectrochemical elements for the real-time evaluation of global antioxidant capacity." Chem. Sci. 5, no. 10 (2014): 3946–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sc00826j.

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Using utg-C3N4/TiO2, a photoelectrochemical platform was designed for the sensing of global antioxidant capacity, which presented a rapid response, and anti-fouling and colour-interference-proof properties.
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Mattuschka, Marco, Andreas Kraushaar, Philipp Tröster, and Jaqueline Wittmann. "Consistent colour appearance - A novel measurement approach." Color and Imaging Conference 2019, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2019.27.57.

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If an image, for example a company logo, is shown on different devices the degree of colour consistency amongst this set of stimuli can be defined as common or consistent colour appearance (CCA). In this work, a procedure which is able to evaluate CCA is developed for the first time. A psychophysical experiment is presented with which the existence of CCA is proofed. For the evaluation of CCA, the colour naming approach from [5] is consistently continued and a measuring tool is developed. In addition, the correctness of the measuring tool is tested on the basis of the experiment. This work is based on two psychophysical experiments, the first to proof CCA, the second to create the colour naming database. This setup is very general and can therefore also be applied to other cultures in order to develop a measuring tool for CCA.
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Chaudhary, D. D., and Nikita Jadhav. "LEARNING INVARIANT COLOUR FEATURES FOR PERSON REIDENTIFICATION." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i5.2018.227.

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In this examination we have proposed Learning invariant shading highlights for individual recognizable proof utilizing human face for high proficient flag exchange framework applications. In this paper, we have a tendency to propose an information driven approach for taking in shading designs from pixels examined from pictures crosswise over to camera sees. The instinct behind this work is that, even assuming picture element values of same colour would wander across views, they thought to be encoded with indistinguishable qualities. We tend to model colour feature age as a learning drawback by together learning a direct transformation and a wordbook to write in code picture component esteems. We have a tendency to conjointly dissect entirely unexpected estimating invariant shading zones. Abuse shading in light of the fact that the exclusively prompt, we tend to contrast our approach and all the estimating invariant shading zones and show better execution over every one of them. Overwhelming pivoted nearby double example is anticipated yields higher execution. This paper proposes a totally exceptional strategy of characterizing the outer body part misuse Convolutional Neural Network.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Colour proof"

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Sundell, Johanna. "Colour proof quality verification." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2358.

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BACKGROUND

When a customer delivers a colour proof to a printer, they expect the final print to look similar to that proof. Today it is impossible to control if a match between proof and print is technically possible to reach at all. This is mainly due to the fact that no information regarding the production circumstances of the proof is provided, for instance the printer does not know which proofer, RIP or ICC-profile that was used. Situations where similarity between proof and print cannot be reached and the press has to be stopped are both costly and time consuming and are therefore wished to be avoided.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the possibility to form a method with the ability control if a proof is of such good quality that it is likely to produce a print that is similar to it.

METHOD

The basic assumption was that the quality of a proof could be decided by spectrally measuring known colour patches and compare those values to reference values representing the same patches printed at optimal press conditions. To decide which and how many patches that are required, literature and reports were studied, then a test printing and a comparison between proofing systems were performed. To be able to analyse the measurement data in an effective way a tool that analyses the difference between reference and measurement data was developed using MATLAB.

RESULT

The result was a suggestion for a colour proof quality verification method that consists two parts that are supposed to complement each other.The first one was called Colour proofing system evaluation and is supposed to evaluate entire proofing systems. It consists of a test page containing colour patches, grey balance fields, gradations and photographs. The second part is called Colour proof control and consists of a smaller set of colour patches that is supposed to be attached to each proof.

CONCLUSIONS

The method is not complete since more research regarding the difference between measurement results and visual impression is needed. To be able to obtain realistic tolerance levels for differences between measurement- and reference data, the method must be tested in every-day production. If this is done the method is thought to provide a good way of controlling the quality of colour proofs.

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Johansson, Nils. "Printing colour hard proofs using EFI Colorproof XF v. 3.1 and Photoshop CS3, and production substrates." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Grafisk teknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4215.

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EFI Colorproof XF was found to be more convenient from a user’s aspect, and had features which are covered in the ISO 12647-7 standard (e.g. the ability to simulate screening and print margin information), which Photoshop CS3 lacked. None of the proofing systems distinguished itself in a clear way from the other; sometimes, on certain substrates, Photoshop CS3 produced most accurate colours, sometimes EFI Colorproof XF did. Further investigations need to be carried out to tell more exactly which system produce most accurate colours. Only 6 out of 34 simulation-combinations had colours within the tolerances in the standard. The result also shows that the production substrates should not be used as proofing substrates. Instead the proofing papers especially made for ink jet should be used to obtain more colour-accurate prints.
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SECCO, GISELE DALVA. "BETWEEN PROOFS AND EXPERIMENTS: A WITTGENSTEINEAN READING OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONTROVERSIES SURROUNDING THE FOUR COLOR THEOREM PROOF." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22606@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O advento do uso maciço de computadores em provas matemáticas, ocorrido ao final da década de setenta com a solução de um famoso problema matemático – a prova do Teorema das Quatro Cores – ocasionou disputas filosóficas que ainda hoje demandam esclarecimentos. O objetivo principal da tese consiste em elaborar alguns dos referidos esclarecimentos desde uma perspectiva motivada pela filosofia da matemática de Ludwig Wittgenstein, especialmente no que diz respeito à distinção continuamente manuseada e depurada pelo filósofo ao longo do desenvolvimento de seu pensamento entre provas e experimentos. Após apresentar as principais ideias da prova do Teorema das Quatro Cores em termos históricos, algumas distinções conceituais metodologicamente significativas são elaboradas. A seguir o trabalho analisa, a partir da concepção funcional de a priori de Arthur Pap, o argumento da introdução da experimentação nas matemáticas de Thomas Tymoczko. A leitura das controvérias filosóficas que se seguiram ao argumento de Tymoczko é então apresentada, aplicando-se as distinções conceituais anteriormente elaboradas. Por fim algumas ideias wittgensteinianas sobre da disitinção entre provas e experimentos são exploradas em conexão com a noção de sinopticidade de provas, considerando menos os papéis específicos de tais noções na filosofia da matemática de Wittgenstein, do que investigando as vantagens de suas possíveis aplicações no esclarecimento de tópicos críticos das referidas disputas.
The massive use of computers in mathematical proofs, which started in the end of the seventies trough the solution of one famous mathematical problem – the Four-Color Theorem – entailed philosophical disputes still in need of elucidation. The central aim of this thesis consists in elaborating some of these elucidations from a point of view motivated by Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics, mainly in what concerns the distinction between proofs and experiments, which was continuously used and elaborated by the philosopher in the course of the development of his thought. After the presentation of the main ideas involved in the proof of the Four-Color Theorem from a historical perspective, some methodological conceptual distinctions are elaborated. The thesis then shifts to an analysis of the introduction of experiment in mathematics argument, by Thomas Tymoczko, from the point of view of Arthur Pap’s conception of functional a priori. An interpretation of the controversies that followed that argument is developed trough the application of the conceptual distinctions previously elaborated. At last, some wittgensteinian ideas about the distinction between proofs and experiments are explored in connection with the notion of surveyability of proofs, concerned less with its specific roles in Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics than with investigating the advantages of its possible applications in the elucidation of some critical points in the referred controversies.
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McLeod, Ryan Nathaniel. "A PROOF OF CONCEPT FOR CROWDSOURCING COLOR PERCEPTION EXPERIMENTS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1269.

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Accurately quantifying the human perception of color is an unsolved prob- lem. There are dozens of numerical systems for quantifying colors and how we as humans perceive them, but as a whole, they are far from perfect. The ability to accurately measure color for reproduction and verification is critical to indus- tries that work with textiles, paints, food and beverages, displays, and media compression algorithms. Because the science of color deals with the body, mind, and the subjective study of perception, building models of color requires largely empirical data over pure analytical science. Much of this data is extremely dated, from small and/or homogeneous data sets, and is hard to compare. While these studies have somewhat advanced our understanding of color adequately, mak- ing significant, further progress without improved datasets has proven dicult if not impossible. I propose new methods of crowdsourcing color experiments through color-accurate mobile devices to help develop a massive, global set of color perception data to aid in creating a more accurate model of human color perception.
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Breakstone, William F. "A comparison between the GCA/GATF off-press proof comparator and the GATF standard offset color control bar for identifying when a cromalin off-press proof is prepared to specifications for web offset publication /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11475.

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Adukambarai, Ravi Raj. "Comparison study of proofing systems /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11660.

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Mudge, Jill Houghton. "An analysis of how altering exposure effects color differences in critical color areas on electrophotographic off-press proofs /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11255.

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Oshiro, Erika. "A Historical Approach to Understanding Explanatory Proofs Based on Mathematical Practices." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7882.

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My dissertation focuses on mathematical explanation found in proofs looked at from a historical point of view, while stressing the importance of mathematical practices. Current philosophical theories on explanatory proofs emphasize the structure and content of proofs without any regard to external factors that influence a proof’s explanatory power. As a result, the major philosophical views have been shown to be inadequate in capturing general aspects of explanation. I argue that, in addition to form and content, a proof’s explanatory power depends on its targeted audience. History is useful here, because from it, we are able to follow the transition from a first-generation proof, which is usually non-explanatory, into its explanatory version. By tracking the similarities and differences between these proofs, we are able to gain a better understanding of what makes a proof explanatory according to mathematicians who have the relevant background to evaluate it as so. My first chapter discusses why history is important for understanding mathematical practices. I describe two kinds of history: one that presents a narrative of events, which influenced developments in mathematics both directly and indirectly, and another, typically used in mathematical research, which concentrates only on technical developments. I contend that both versions of the past benefit the philosopher. History used in research gives us an idea of what mathematicians desire or find to be important, while history written by historians shows us what effects these have on mathematical practices. The next two chapters are about explanatory proofs. My second chapter examines the main theories of mathematical explanation. I argue that these theories are short-sighted as they only consider what appears in a proof without considering the proof’s purported audience or background knowledge necessary to understand the proof. In the third chapter, I propose an alternative way of analyzing explanatory proofs. Here, I suggest looking at a theorem’s history, which includes its successive proofs, as well as the mathematicians who wrote them. From this, we can better understand how and why mathematicians prove theorems in multiple ways, which depends on the purposes of these theorems. The last chapter is a case study on the computer proof of the Four Color Theorem by Appel and Haken. Here, I compare and contrast what philosophers and mathematicians have had to say about the proof. I argue that the main philosophical worry regarding the theorem—its unsurveyability—did not make a strong impact on the mathematical community and would have hindered mathematical development in computer-assisted proofs. By studying the history of the theorem, we learn that Appel and Haken relied on the strategy of Kempe’s flawed proof from the 1800s (which, obviously, did not involve a computer). Two later proofs, also aided by computer, were developed using similar methods. None of these proofs are explanatory, but not because of their massive lengths. Rather, the methods used in these proofs are a series of calculations that exhaust all possible configurations of maps.
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Yepremyan, Astrik. "Of Proofs, Mathematicians, and Computers." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/723.

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As computers become a more prevalent commodity in mathematical research and mathematical proof, the question of whether or not a computer assisted proof can be considered a mathematical proof has become an ongoing topic of discussion in the mathematics community. The use of the computer in mathematical research leads to several implications about mathematics in the present day including the notion that mathematical proof can be based on empirical evidence, and that some mathematical conclusions can be achieved a posteriori instead of a priori, as most mathematicians have done before. While some mathematicians are open to the idea of a computer-assisted proof, others are skeptical and would feel more comfortable if presented with a more traditional proof, as it is more surveyable. A surveyable proof enables mathematicians to see the validity of a proof, which is paramount for mathematical growth, and offer critique. In my thesis, I will present the role that the mathematical proof plays within the mathematical community, and thereby conclude that because of the dynamics of the mathematical community and the constant activity of proving, the risks that are associated with a mistake that stems from a computer-assisted proof can be caught by the scrupulous activity of peer review in the mathematics community. Eventually, as the following generations of mathematicians become more trained in using computers and in computer programming, they will be able to better use computers in producing evidence, and in turn, other mathematicians will be able to both understand and trust the resultant proof. Therefore, it remains that whether or not a proof was achieved by a priori or a posteriori, the validity of a proof will be determined by the correct logic behind it, as well as its ability to convince the members of the mathematical community—not on whether the result was reached a priori with a traditional proof, or a posteriori with a computer-assisted proof.
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Karthikeyan, Arvind S. "A study using a high-addressability inkjet proofer to produce AM halftone proofs matching Kodak approval in color, screening, and subject moiré /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11246.

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Books on the topic "Colour proof"

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Rudolf, Fritsch. The four color theorem: History, topological foundations, and idea of proof. New York: Springer, 1998.

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(Firm), Walter M. Kearns. Catalogue of the late Mr. Denne's private collection of oil and water color paintings, rare prints, proof engravings and etchings, curios, sporting equipment etc., etc. Montreal: W.M. Kearns, 1995.

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Colour Proof Correction: Question and Answer Book. London, England: Phaidon Press Ltd, 1990.

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Gargan, John, and David Bann. Colour Proof Correction Question and Answer Book (Graphic Designer's Library). Phaidon Press Ltd, 1990.

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How to Check and Correct Color Proofs. North Light Books, 1990.

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The Four-Color Theorem: History, Topological Foundations, and Idea of Proof. Springer, 2011.

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Fritsch, Rudolf. The Four-Color Theorem: "History, Topological Foundations, And Idea Of Proof". Springer, 2012.

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Four Colors Suffice How The Map Problem Was Solved. Princeton University Press, 2013.

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Schor, Paul. Color and Status of Slaves. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses how the definition of race varied over time and place and remained uncertain in cases judged by the courts in the antebellum era. In the 1850s, a claim of whiteness was an argument that could be made in court to obtain liberty, since a white person could not be a slave. Legal status did not rest on the same forms of proof as the census, but the two perspectives overlapped. Comparing the procedures for determining the legal status of slaves with the procedure adopted by the census for assigning the color of individuals shows the profound ambiguity of the latter. The language used by the legislators in 1850 and retained until the end of the century was clearly that of the scientific rules then in favor, based on the parts of black blood and of genealogy. However, in practice individuals were judged by their appearance rather than genealogy.
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Mee, Nicholas. Celestial Tapestry. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851950.001.0001.

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Celestial Tapestry places mathematics within a vibrant cultural and historical context, highlighting links to the visual arts and design, and broader areas of artistic creativity. Threads are woven together telling of surprising influences that have passed between the arts and mathematics. The story involves many intriguing characters: Gaston Julia, who laid the foundations for fractals and computer art while recovering in hospital after suffering serious injury in the First World War; Charles Howard, Hinton who was imprisoned for bigamy but whose books had a huge influence on twentieth-century art; Michael Scott, the Scottish necromancer who was the dedicatee of Fibonacci’s Book of Calculation, the most important medieval book of mathematics; Richard of Wallingford, the pioneer clockmaker who suffered from leprosy and who never recovered from a lightning strike on his bedchamber; Alicia Stott Boole, the Victorian housewife who amazed mathematicians with her intuition for higher-dimensional space. The book includes more than 200 colour illustrations, puzzles to engage the reader, and many remarkable tales: the secret message in Hans Holbein’s The Ambassadors; the link between Viking runes, a Milanese banking dynasty, and modern sculpture; the connection between astrology, religion, and the Apocalypse; binary numbers and the I Ching. It also explains topics on the school mathematics curriculum: algorithms; arithmetic progressions; combinations and permutations; number sequences; the axiomatic method; geometrical proof; tessellations and polyhedra, as well as many essential topics for arts and humanities students: single-point perspective; fractals; computer art; the golden section; the higher-dimensional inspiration behind modern art.
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Book chapters on the topic "Colour proof"

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Gibbons, Alan, and Paul Sant. "Edge-Colouring Pairs of Binary Trees: Towards a Concise Proof of the Four-Colour Theorem of Planar Maps." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 25–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45687-2_2.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Color Proofs." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 157. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2662.

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Krantz, Steven G. "The Tantalizing Four-Color Theorem." In The Proof is in the Pudding, 107–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-48744-1_6.

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Voronkov, A. A. "A proof-search method for the first order logic." In COLOG-88, 327–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-52335-9_63.

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Secco, Gisele Dalva, and Luiz Carlos Pereira. "Proofs Versus Experiments: Wittgensteinian Themes Surrounding the Four-Color Theorem." In How Colours Matter to Philosophy, 289–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67398-1_17.

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Babaev, A. A., and S. V. Soloviev. "On conditions of full coherence in biclosed categories: A new application of proof theory." In COLOG-88, 3–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-52335-9_44.

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Orevkov, V. P. "Correctness of short proofs in theory with notions of feasibility." In COLOG-88, 242–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-52335-9_57.

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"Color Plates." In Trust and Proof. BRILL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004323889_014.

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Fleischner, H. "The Prism of a 2–Connected, Planar, Cubic Graph is Hamiltonian (A Proof Independent of the Four Colour Theorem)." In Graph Theory in Memory of G.A. Dirac, 141–70. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5060(08)70457-6.

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"Color proofs." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 210. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_2616.

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Conference papers on the topic "Colour proof"

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Spooner, David L. "Design considerations for prepress color proof measurement." In IS&T/SPIE's Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, edited by Jan Bares. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.146277.

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Nong, Jifu, and Long Jin. "A Convergence Proof for Ant Colony Algorithm." In 2009 International Joint Conference on Computational Sciences and Optimization, CSO. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cso.2009.305.

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Baojiang Zhao and Shiyong Li. "A Convergence Proof for Ant Colony Algorithm." In 2006 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2006.1712931.

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Banjanin, Bojan, Magdolna Pál, Vladimir Dimovski, Savka Adamović, and Ana Lilić. "3D printing in the education of graphic engineering and design students." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p51.

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Today, 3D printing is taking its constantly growing part in a lot of different manufacturing industries, educational institutions and a lot of entrepreneurship and home businesses. Besides prototyping and proof of concept, utilization of 3D printing is undoubtedly spreading its roots in manufacturing of production and spare parts but also in aiding research and teaching processes. 3D printing has reinforced the self-employed segment of market called makers but also has influenced forming a significant number of educational online video channels. A lot of crowdfunded web sites promote affordable desktop 3D printers and 3D modellers and designers who design models exclusively for 3D printing, taking its specificity into account. Also, a community of designers, through 3D printing hubs where their work can be purchased, are thriving. There is also a massive trend in developing new materials for 3D printing such as electrically conductive composites, fire-resistant materials and materials with high strength or resilience. In the graphic industry, there is some progress regarding the utilization of 3D printing in the form of tactile maps and picture books, manufacturing customizable packaging, embossing tools, making parts for colour measuring equipment and printing of textiles. However, there is undoubtedly undiscovered usage intended for improvements in this branch of industry. The first part of this research aims to present existing researches and projects regarding the usage of 3D printing in creative and interdisciplinary industries such as graphic industry. The second part of this paper focuses on different initiatives in aiding educational process worldwide, and some of the methodology of implementing 3D printing in education. In the final part of this research, the potential of 3D printing for educational purposes of graphic engineering and design students is discussed. Methodology for getting theoretical and practical knowledge is proposed through a designed catalogue of 3D printing parameters. The purpose of this catalogue is to introduce undergraduate students with one of the most used and affordable 3D printing technique known as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and to provide them with basic knowledge of 3D printing parameters which further on can be expanded and supplemented.
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Cahit, I. "A Victorian Age Proof of the Four Color Theorem." In ICMS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE. American Institute of Physics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3525112.

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Silva, Caroline, Cândida Silva, and Orlando Lee. "A proof for Berges Dual Conjecture for Bipartite Digraphs." In IV Encontro de Teoria da Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/etc.2019.6398.

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Given a (vertex)-coloring C = C 1 , C 2 , ...C m of P a digraph D and a positive integer k, the k-norm of C is defined as C k = m i=1 min C i, k. A coloring C is k-optimal if its k-norm C k is minimum over all colorings. A (path) k-pack P k is a collection of at most k vertex-disjoint paths. A coloring C and a k-pack P k are orthogonal if each color class intersects as many paths as possible in P k , that is, if C i k, C i P j = 1 for every path P j P k , otherwise each vertex of C i lies in a different path of P k . In 1982, Berge conjectured that for every k-optimal coloring C there is a k-pack P k orthogonal to C. This conjecture is false for arbitrary digraphs, having a counterexample with odd cycle. In this paper we prove this conjecture for bipartite digraphs.
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LINCOLN, C. N., L. V. DAO, R. M. LOWE, W. J. ROWLANDS, and P. HANNAFORD. "THREE-PULSE TWO-COLOUR PHOTON ECHO AND TRANSIENT GRATING STUDIES OF MYOGLOBIN." In With Foreword by Prof A H Zewail, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, 1999. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777980_0081.

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Zhao, BaoJiang. "Convergence Proof of a Class of Adaptive Ant Colony Algorithm." In 4th International Conference on Computer, Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccmcee-15.2015.182.

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Yamamoto, Shouji, Norimichi Tsumura, Toshiya Nakaguchi, and Yoichi Miyake. "Development of multispectral scanner by using LEDs array for digital color proof." In Electronic Imaging 2005, edited by Rene Rasmussen and Yoichi Miyake. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.585692.

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Eslami, Babak, Randy Ganye, Chris Bunai, and Chandrasekhar Thamire. "Smart Fasteners and Their Application in Flanged Joints." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64214.

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Fasteners are widely used in many industrial applications. Their function in many cases is to provide a leak-proof joint at the flange interface. To accomplish this function, fasteners must be clamped with appropriate force. In practice, it is difficult to measure such forces, intermittently or continuously. While measurement using load cells or strain gages is an available option, it tends to be expensive or infeasible due to the constraints imposed by the application. When tightening the fasteners initially or during maintenance, a less accurate method of specifying the bolt-tightening torque for achieving the necessary bolt force is widely followed in industry. These torque values are calculated using published design correlations [1]. Many factors affect such calculations: friction between the threads and collar and flange, age of the fasteners, assumptions about rigidity of the clamped components, being a few among those. Since specific values applicable for individual application are not always be known, fasteners are often over-tightened, resulting in increased stresses in the assembly elements or under tightened, resulting in leakages at the flange interfaces. In the current paper, we introduce the concept of smart fasteners that can visually indicate the tension they are subjected to, and validate it for a widely used industrial fastener size. Results from numerical and experimental studies conducted are presented for UNC 1/2 -13 × 4 1/4″ smart fasteners. Lastly, relationship between bolt-tightening torque and color intensity of the smart fasteners is provided.
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Reports on the topic "Colour proof"

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Dayman, Ken, Andrew Nicholson, and Louise Worrall. Updates to Relevance Vector Machine Polychotomous Classification, Variable Selection, and Proof-of-Concept Application to List Mode Neutron Collar Data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1694400.

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