Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Colour proof'

BACKGROUND

When a customer delivers a colour proof to a printer, they expect the final print to look similar to that proof. Today it is impossible to control if a match between proof and print is technically possible to reach at all. This is mainly due to the fact that no information regarding the production circumstances of the proof is provided, for instance the printer does not know which proofer, RIP or ICC-profile that was used. Situations where similarity between proof and print cannot be reached and the press has to be stopped are both costly and time consuming and are therefore wished to be avoided.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the possibility to form a method with the ability control if a proof is of such good quality that it is likely to produce a print that is similar to it.

METHOD

The basic assumption was that the quality of a proof could be decided by spectrally measuring known colour patches and compare those values to reference values representing the same patches printed at optimal press conditions. To decide which and how many patches that are required, literature and reports were studied, then a test printing and a comparison between proofing systems were performed. To be able to analyse the measurement data in an effective way a tool that analyses the difference between reference and measurement data was developed using MATLAB.

RESULT

The result was a suggestion for a colour proof quality verification method that consists two parts that are supposed to complement each other.The first one was called Colour proofing system evaluation and is supposed to evaluate entire proofing systems. It consists of a test page containing colour patches, grey balance fields, gradations and photographs. The second part is called Colour proof control and consists of a smaller set of colour patches that is supposed to be attached to each proof.

CONCLUSIONS

The method is not complete since more research regarding the difference between measurement results and visual impression is needed. To be able to obtain realistic tolerance levels for differences between measurement- and reference data, the method must be tested in every-day production. If this is done the method is thought to provide a good way of controlling the quality of colour proofs.

EFI Colorproof XF was found to be more convenient from a user’s aspect, and had features which are covered in the ISO 12647-7 standard (e.g. the ability to simulate screening and print margin information), which Photoshop CS3 lacked. None of the proofing systems distinguished itself in a clear way from the other; sometimes, on certain substrates, Photoshop CS3 produced most accurate colours, sometimes EFI Colorproof XF did. Further investigations need to be carried out to tell more exactly which system produce most accurate colours. Only 6 out of 34 simulation-combinations had colours within the tolerances in the standard. The result also shows that the production substrates should not be used as proofing substrates. Instead the proofing papers especially made for ink jet should be used to obtain more colour-accurate prints.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O advento do uso maciço de computadores em provas matemáticas, ocorrido ao final da década de setenta com a solução de um famoso problema matemático – a prova do Teorema das Quatro Cores – ocasionou disputas filosóficas que ainda hoje demandam esclarecimentos. O objetivo principal da tese consiste em elaborar alguns dos referidos esclarecimentos desde uma perspectiva motivada pela filosofia da matemática de Ludwig Wittgenstein, especialmente no que diz respeito à distinção continuamente manuseada e depurada pelo filósofo ao longo do desenvolvimento de seu pensamento entre provas e experimentos. Após apresentar as principais ideias da prova do Teorema das Quatro Cores em termos históricos, algumas distinções conceituais metodologicamente significativas são elaboradas. A seguir o trabalho analisa, a partir da concepção funcional de a priori de Arthur Pap, o argumento da introdução da experimentação nas matemáticas de Thomas Tymoczko. A leitura das controvérias filosóficas que se seguiram ao argumento de Tymoczko é então apresentada, aplicando-se as distinções conceituais anteriormente elaboradas. Por fim algumas ideias wittgensteinianas sobre da disitinção entre provas e experimentos são exploradas em conexão com a noção de sinopticidade de provas, considerando menos os papéis específicos de tais noções na filosofia da matemática de Wittgenstein, do que investigando as vantagens de suas possíveis aplicações no esclarecimento de tópicos críticos das referidas disputas.
The massive use of computers in mathematical proofs, which started in the end of the seventies trough the solution of one famous mathematical problem – the Four-Color Theorem – entailed philosophical disputes still in need of elucidation. The central aim of this thesis consists in elaborating some of these elucidations from a point of view motivated by Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics, mainly in what concerns the distinction between proofs and experiments, which was continuously used and elaborated by the philosopher in the course of the development of his thought. After the presentation of the main ideas involved in the proof of the Four-Color Theorem from a historical perspective, some methodological conceptual distinctions are elaborated. The thesis then shifts to an analysis of the introduction of experiment in mathematics argument, by Thomas Tymoczko, from the point of view of Arthur Pap’s conception of functional a priori. An interpretation of the controversies that followed that argument is developed trough the application of the conceptual distinctions previously elaborated. At last, some wittgensteinian ideas about the distinction between proofs and experiments are explored in connection with the notion of surveyability of proofs, concerned less with its specific roles in Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics than with investigating the advantages of its possible applications in the elucidation of some critical points in the referred controversies.

Accurately quantifying the human perception of color is an unsolved prob- lem. There are dozens of numerical systems for quantifying colors and how we as humans perceive them, but as a whole, they are far from perfect. The ability to accurately measure color for reproduction and verification is critical to indus- tries that work with textiles, paints, food and beverages, displays, and media compression algorithms. Because the science of color deals with the body, mind, and the subjective study of perception, building models of color requires largely empirical data over pure analytical science. Much of this data is extremely dated, from small and/or homogeneous data sets, and is hard to compare. While these studies have somewhat advanced our understanding of color adequately, mak- ing significant, further progress without improved datasets has proven dicult if not impossible. I propose new methods of crowdsourcing color experiments through color-accurate mobile devices to help develop a massive, global set of color perception data to aid in creating a more accurate model of human color perception.

My dissertation focuses on mathematical explanation found in proofs looked at from a historical point of view, while stressing the importance of mathematical practices. Current philosophical theories on explanatory proofs emphasize the structure and content of proofs without any regard to external factors that influence a proof’s explanatory power. As a result, the major philosophical views have been shown to be inadequate in capturing general aspects of explanation. I argue that, in addition to form and content, a proof’s explanatory power depends on its targeted audience. History is useful here, because from it, we are able to follow the transition from a first-generation proof, which is usually non-explanatory, into its explanatory version. By tracking the similarities and differences between these proofs, we are able to gain a better understanding of what makes a proof explanatory according to mathematicians who have the relevant background to evaluate it as so. My first chapter discusses why history is important for understanding mathematical practices. I describe two kinds of history: one that presents a narrative of events, which influenced developments in mathematics both directly and indirectly, and another, typically used in mathematical research, which concentrates only on technical developments. I contend that both versions of the past benefit the philosopher. History used in research gives us an idea of what mathematicians desire or find to be important, while history written by historians shows us what effects these have on mathematical practices. The next two chapters are about explanatory proofs. My second chapter examines the main theories of mathematical explanation. I argue that these theories are short-sighted as they only consider what appears in a proof without considering the proof’s purported audience or background knowledge necessary to understand the proof. In the third chapter, I propose an alternative way of analyzing explanatory proofs. Here, I suggest looking at a theorem’s history, which includes its successive proofs, as well as the mathematicians who wrote them. From this, we can better understand how and why mathematicians prove theorems in multiple ways, which depends on the purposes of these theorems. The last chapter is a case study on the computer proof of the Four Color Theorem by Appel and Haken. Here, I compare and contrast what philosophers and mathematicians have had to say about the proof. I argue that the main philosophical worry regarding the theorem—its unsurveyability—did not make a strong impact on the mathematical community and would have hindered mathematical development in computer-assisted proofs. By studying the history of the theorem, we learn that Appel and Haken relied on the strategy of Kempe’s flawed proof from the 1800s (which, obviously, did not involve a computer). Two later proofs, also aided by computer, were developed using similar methods. None of these proofs are explanatory, but not because of their massive lengths. Rather, the methods used in these proofs are a series of calculations that exhaust all possible configurations of maps.

As computers become a more prevalent commodity in mathematical research and mathematical proof, the question of whether or not a computer assisted proof can be considered a mathematical proof has become an ongoing topic of discussion in the mathematics community. The use of the computer in mathematical research leads to several implications about mathematics in the present day including the notion that mathematical proof can be based on empirical evidence, and that some mathematical conclusions can be achieved a posteriori instead of a priori, as most mathematicians have done before. While some mathematicians are open to the idea of a computer-assisted proof, others are skeptical and would feel more comfortable if presented with a more traditional proof, as it is more surveyable. A surveyable proof enables mathematicians to see the validity of a proof, which is paramount for mathematical growth, and offer critique. In my thesis, I will present the role that the mathematical proof plays within the mathematical community, and thereby conclude that because of the dynamics of the mathematical community and the constant activity of proving, the risks that are associated with a mistake that stems from a computer-assisted proof can be caught by the scrupulous activity of peer review in the mathematics community. Eventually, as the following generations of mathematicians become more trained in using computers and in computer programming, they will be able to better use computers in producing evidence, and in turn, other mathematicians will be able to both understand and trust the resultant proof. Therefore, it remains that whether or not a proof was achieved by a priori or a posteriori, the validity of a proof will be determined by the correct logic behind it, as well as its ability to convince the members of the mathematical community—not on whether the result was reached a priori with a traditional proof, or a posteriori with a computer-assisted proof.

This Degree Project is carried through in association with Fototext in Guthenburg. The firmsees benefits using”Soft Proof” technology for both economic and time-saving. The reasonfor ”Soft Proofing” for internal/ external production is to estimate and controll documentswithout using digital or chemical printing output.The different technical solutions to ”Soft Proof”, knowledges and facts aboutColorManagement together with PDF-workflow is going to pattern for a correct succesfull”Soft Proofing” on the monitor.Acrobat 5 in association with Photoshop 6 are effectively used in ”Soft Proofing” technic.The advance and capacity of the graphical softwares which are explained in this reporthelps the users to begin to experiment with ”Soft Proof”. Graphical firms which are interestedto begin working with ”Soft Proof” need to allready have knowledge in ICC-profilingand a practical ColorManaged workflow.

Resumo: Na indústria gráfica, sempre se buscou o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de sistemas de provas com o objetivo de simular as características visuais do impresso final podendo assim prever os resultados. Atualmente, avanços tecnológicos em imagens digitais têm modificado a infra-estrutura da indústria gráfica. Demorados sistemas de provas analógicos tem sido substituído por provas digitais. O surgimento de uma infinidade de diferentes dispositivos como scanners, câmeras digitais, impressoras, aliados a uma variedade de processos de produção, substratos, tintas e a adoção de diferentes especificações, tornam a reprodução exata das cores um tanto quanto difícil. Para solucionar este problema sistemas de gerenciamento das cores baseados em perfis de cor ICC (Consórcio Internacional da Cor) tem se tornado o maior aliado. É neste contexto que esta pesquisa pretende avaliar a influência dos sistemas de gerenciamento de cores em impressoras a jato de tinta na obtenção de cores impressas com valores CIELAB próximos aos descritos pelo perfil de cor ISOcoated_v2_eci utilizado como referência, objetivando sua utilização como prova digital de cor com o intuito de simular as características visuais deste padrão, possibilitando uma verificação das cores do trabalho antes de sua impressão. Problemas de insatisfação com relação às cores entre clientes, agências e gráficas também passam a ser minimizados
Abstract: The influence of the systems of color management in digital proofs. In the graphical industry, always one searched the development and improvement of systems of proofs with the objective to simulate the visual characteristics of the final printed matter thus being able to foresee the results. Currently, technological advances in digital images have modified the infrastructure of the graphical industry. Delayed analogical systems of proofs he been substituted for digital proofs. The sproutng of a infinity of different devices as scanners, digital, printer cameras, allies to a variety of production processes, substrata, inks and the adoption of different specifications, becomes the accurate reproduction of colors on how much in such a way difficult. To solve this problem systems of color management based on profiles of color ICC (International Color Consortium) if it has become the greater ally. It is in this context that this research intends to evaluate the influence of the systems of management of colors in printers the spurt of ink in the attainment of colors printed with values CIELAB next to the described ones for the profile to color used ISOcoated_v2_eci as reference, objectifying its use as digital test of color with intention to simulate the characteristics appearances of this standard, making possible a verification of the colors of the work before its impression. Problems of insatisfation with relation to the colors between custormers, agencies and graphical also pass to be minimezed
Orientador: João Fernando Marar
Coorientador: Marizilda dos Santos Menezes
Banca: Jairo José Drummond Câmara
Banca: Luiz Antonio Vasques Hellmeister
Mestre

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Na indústria gráfica, sempre se buscou o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de sistemas de provas com o objetivo de simular as características visuais do impresso final podendo assim prever os resultados. Atualmente, avanços tecnológicos em imagens digitais têm modificado a infra-estrutura da indústria gráfica. Demorados sistemas de provas analógicos tem sido substituído por provas digitais. O surgimento de uma infinidade de diferentes dispositivos como scanners, câmeras digitais, impressoras, aliados a uma variedade de processos de produção, substratos, tintas e a adoção de diferentes especificações, tornam a reprodução exata das cores um tanto quanto difícil. Para solucionar este problema sistemas de gerenciamento das cores baseados em perfis de cor ICC (Consórcio Internacional da Cor) tem se tornado o maior aliado. É neste contexto que esta pesquisa pretende avaliar a influência dos sistemas de gerenciamento de cores em impressoras a jato de tinta na obtenção de cores impressas com valores CIELAB próximos aos descritos pelo perfil de cor ISOcoated_v2_eci utilizado como referência, objetivando sua utilização como prova digital de cor com o intuito de simular as características visuais deste padrão, possibilitando uma verificação das cores do trabalho antes de sua impressão. Problemas de insatisfação com relação às cores entre clientes, agências e gráficas também passam a ser minimizados
The influence of the systems of color management in digital proofs. In the graphical industry, always one searched the development and improvement of systems of proofs with the objective to simulate the visual characteristics of the final printed matter thus being able to foresee the results. Currently, technological advances in digital images have modified the infrastructure of the graphical industry. Delayed analogical systems of proofs he been substituted for digital proofs. The sproutng of a infinity of different devices as scanners, digital, printer cameras, allies to a variety of production processes, substrata, inks and the adoption of different specifications, becomes the accurate reproduction of colors on how much in such a way difficult. To solve this problem systems of color management based on profiles of color ICC (International Color Consortium) if it has become the greater ally. It is in this context that this research intends to evaluate the influence of the systems of management of colors in printers the spurt of ink in the attainment of colors printed with values CIELAB next to the described ones for the profile to color used ISOcoated_v2_eci as reference, objectifying its use as digital test of color with intention to simulate the characteristics appearances of this standard, making possible a verification of the colors of the work before its impression. Problems of insatisfation with relation to the colors between custormers, agencies and graphical also pass to be minimezed

碩士
世新大學
圖文傳播暨數位出版學研究所(含碩專班)
95
Digital proof is widely used as a tool as color confirmation ahead of printing process in current trend of color design; it was considered essentials to both design and printing activities. Hence in 2005, Printing Technology Research Institute positively promoted “ISO Color Certification”, which hopes to provide color standard guideline for printing activities. This research is primarily to provide a discussion on how to achieve digital proof accuracy of spot color through the method of color profiling. The research is comprised of RAL CLASSIC printed patches which are used as electron color patches and two wide-formatted inkjet printers. The purpose of these experiments was to identify the spot color in digital proof presented by using different rendering intent of ICC Profile which carried out both in general and “ISO Color Certification” capable printers. Through the results of experiments we analyzed the most suitable way to match RAL CLASSIC in making digital proof. This report is composed of four experiments for verification. In the first experiment, it was confirmed that Absolute Colorimetric in U.S. Web Coated (SWOP) V2 was a better method in the interaction between Printer profile and rendering intent. In the second experiment among display, printer profile and rendering intent’s interaction, it was approved that the Absolute Colorimetric of Europe ISO Coated FOGRA27 in sRGB color standard and the Perception of Japan Color 2001 in Adobe RGB color standard were the more appropriate methods, and the former was even better than the later one .Another two tests were carried out in the last two experiments, one was to compare the color separation between Photoshop and RIP, and another was the interaction between printer profile and rendering intent. It came out the Europ ISO Coated FOGRA27 Absolute Colorimetric was the proper method either in the two tests. Furthermore, in the third experiment, we learned its RIP rear color separation result was closed to the color deviation in the first experiment where it turned off the color management. This research can be taken as the references to digital printing and color matching in the industry and related fields.

碩士
世新大學
圖文傳播暨數位出版學研究所(含碩專班)
91
On the purpose of implementing the color transformation across different types of imaging media, the developments of Color Management System (CMS) based on the concept of Device Independent Color are more important than before. However, traditional CMS idea may not perfectly solve the color mismatch problems between source images and destination images even if they are viewed under the same viewing conditions. It is mainly due to their different color gamut sizes among the cross-media system. Therefore, it is necessary to apply Gamut Mapping Algorithm (GMA) into the CMS processes to solve these problems. For example, the gamut compression technologies are desired to apply into digital color proof (i.e., the large gamut’s one) for matching the color appearance that printed hardcopy (i.e., the smaller gamut’s one) appears in the printing industry. Gamut mapping is one of the key technologies on the process of cross-media color reproduction. In this paper, the GMA based on CARISMA (Colour Appearance Research for Interactive System Management and Application) is further developed. Under the condition of fixed hues, the gamut compression applied in digital color proof was built successfully. A strategy for the CMS of digital color proof is proposed. An efficient non-linear gamut compression method which can as close as possible reproduce the same color appearances of printed hardcopies is developed.

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
森林系
90
The consumption of package paper is the highest among all kinds of packaging materials in the developed country, there is, however, unavoidable drawback when moisture-proof and water-resistant are concerned. These could though be improved with a coated PE layer, the high cost and environmental concern will eventually limit or even inhibit its application. The objectives of this study were to enhance the water-resistance and moisture-proof of the package paper by surfacing the easy-to-recycle coating color onto a packing grade basepaper and to examine the characteristics of the resulted light weight coated package paper. Clay, CaCO3 and mica were used as pigments, while SB latex and various modified starches were taken as co-binders to produce the designated coating colors. Analysis of the coating colors of different compositions was conducted and the water-resistance, moisture-proof, opacity and printed characteristics of the coated paper, were investigated. The results showed that pigments hardly have any effect on the water - resistance for LWC while SB latex or starch was used as the binder. Using SB latex as binder gave a coating layer with the best water-resistance, the highest moisture-proof resulted from the use of starch binder, on the contrary. The glass transition temperature (Tg), gel content (Gc) and particle size (Ps) of an SB latex have nothing to do with the brightness of the coated package paper when clay was used to the pigment and 13 % of SB latex was applied in the color. The lower the gel content (30% in this study) of the SB latex, the higher the opacity of the coated package paper. The higher the gel content (80%in this study), the better the gloss. The best smoothness could be expected when gel content was 80 % and particle size 90-100 nm. The best printed gloss resulted from using an SB latex of 10℃ Tg, 50% Gc and 150-160 nm Ps. The IGT dry and wet picking showed the best results when 13 % SB latex was used. Almost the same brightness as that with 13 % SB latex, was recorded for a binder of 13% starch, while clay was used as pigment. Water-resistant starch 1, as a binder, provided the best opacity, for the coated paper, though the gloss, printed gloss and IGT dry picking was fairly unsatisfactory. Water-resistant starch 2 observed the best smoothness and the worst wet picking. Binder composed of 4 % water-resistant starch 2 to partially replace the SB latex gave the maximum IGT dry and wet picking resistance besides observing a much better. The opacity, printed gloss than those from only SB latex. Smoothness and gloss of the LWC package paper not upgraded though this replacement. Comparing with the market coated package paper, the best water-resistant and moisture-proof Lab products showed a significant 79.0 % to 333.3% quality than the former ones. Brightness, gloss, printed gloss and IGT dry picking properties differed not much between the two. The IGT wet picking was better than those in the market, and the opacity was better than that of the two commercial ones, though the smoothness was much less than A and B commercial products probably due to the lack of complete calendaring in the university Lab.