Journal articles: 'Column interaction diagrams'

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Manguki', Indra Dody Kurniawan, Jonie Tanijaya, and Olan Jujun Sanggaria. "Analisis Kekuatan Kolom Beton Bertulang Berdasarkan Diagram Interaksi Kolom." Paulus Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52722/pcej.v3i2.245.

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The column interaction diagram is a boundary area graph showing the various combinations of axial loads and moments that the column can safely hold. The benefit of a column interaction diagram provides an overview of the strength of the column in question. This study aims to analyze rectangular and circular columns using column interaction diagrams and then compare the strength of the columns in withstanding a combination of axial loads and bending moments with the same area. In this study, square and circular columns have the same number of reinforcement, diameter of reinforcement, steel strength, concrete quality, and cross-sectional area. The column is reviewed based on five conditions, namely pure axial load conditions, pure bending moment, and three failure conditions. Based on the five conditions that occurred, a column interaction diagram was created by using Microsoft Excel. Results of the analysis show that in the same area, the square column is stronger in withstanding the bending moment (Mu) of the circular column by 0.015 - 0.61%, while the circular column is stronger in resisting the axial force (Pu) of the square column by 1,9 - 4.4%.

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Safitri, Endah, Iswandi Imran, Nuroji, and Sholihin Asa'ad. "The Effect of Steel Ring Width Variations as the External Confinement on Load-Moment Interaction Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Column." Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (July 2016): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.188.

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Nowaday, we require higher capacity and ductility of structural member particulary in reinforced concret column in construction world. One way to improve the ductility and carrying capacity of concrete is confining the concrete. To investigate the effects of external confinement on column capacity, an analytical study is carried out. A steel ring external confinement is used in this study. The stress-strain diagrams design for confined concrete are developed by considering different proposed confined models based on width variations of the steel ring. The test results showed that steel ring are effective as external confinement in confining the concrete. Capability of concrete to support load simultaneously is increasing along the width of the ring. Its effect on column capacity is studied in terms of load – moment interaction diagram of column. The presence of external reinforcement expands the interaction diagram of the column particularly when it is in the compression-controlled region.

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Fenollosa, Ernesto, Iván Cabrera, Verónica Llopis, and Adolfo Alonso. "Non-linear Analysis of Slender High Strength Concrete Column." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 7 (July 18, 2019): 1440–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091343.

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This article shows the influence of axial force eccentricity on high strength concrete columns design. The behavior of columns made of normal, middle and high strength concrete with slenderness values between 20 and 60 under an eccentric axial force has been studied. Structural analysis has been developed by means of software which considers both geometrical and mechanical non-linearity. The sequence of points defined by increasing values of axial force and bending moment produced by eccentricity has been represented on the cross-section interaction diagram until failure for each tested column. Then, diagrams depicting the relationship between failure axial force and column's slenderness have been drawn. The loss of bearing capacity of the member for normal and middle strength columns when compared with the bearing capacity of their cross-section is more noticeable as axial force eccentricity assumes higher values. However, this situation reverses for high strength columns with high slenderness values. On the basis of results obtained, the accuracy level for the moment magnifier method was checked. Despite the good concordance in most of the cases, it was verified that the moment magnifier method leads to excessively tight results for high strength concrete columns with high slenderness values. In these specific cases, a coefficient which amends the column rigidity is proposed so as to obtain safer values.

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Mahmoud, Khaled Ahmed. "Interaction diagrams and failure criteria for RC columns subjected to high temperature." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 11, no. 3 (April 23, 2020): 347–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-08-2019-0028.

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Purpose Previous works in constructing interaction diagrams have only focused on incorporating transient creep strain implicitly in the ultimate limit strain. The present paper aims to use different approaches to define concrete ultimate limit strain (failure strain) envelops at high temperatures for preloaded and unloaded, confined and unconfined, columns during heating are proposed. These approaches are chosen to understand the effect of using different techniques to determine transient creep strain on the resulted Nu–Mu diagrams. Design/methodology/approach Transient creep strain is included within the concrete ultimate limit strain relationships, implicitly and explicitly, by four different ways, and accordingly, four different failure criteria are suggested. To define the concrete ultimate limit strain, studies are conducted to evaluate the compression strain corresponding to the maximal flexural capacity at elevated temperatures. In the analysis, the thermal and structural analyses are decoupled and, based on the resulted ultimate limit strain, the Nu – Mu diagrams are constructed at different fire exposures. Findings The validity of the proposed model is established by comparing its predictions with experimental results found in the literature. Finally, comparative calculations regarding interaction diagrams obtained by the proposed model and by other methods found in the literature are performed. It was found that the proposed model predictions agree well with experimental results. It was also found that the suggested approaches, which include simplifications, reasonably predicted the exact column capacity. Originality/value The model.

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Lautan Wijaya Nusantara, Johan, Akhmad Aminullah, and Andreas Triwiyono. "Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Column Using Android- based Mobile Application." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925802009.

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Reinforced concrete column has complicated calculations. Designer usually acts trial and error to get the optimum dimension and reinforcement according to the occurred loads. It takes long process and the result is not always be the most economical section. Nowadays smartphone with its various applications is very popular among societies. Besides being more flexible in place and time, smartphone has ease in operation and is commonly used by people. Hence, those advantages can be used to optimize reinforced concrete column quickly and accurately. The application named “C2 App” (Concrete Column Application) had been created by accommodate regulation in Indonesia (SNI 2847:2013). Biaxial calculation used Bresler’s approach, while calculation of slender column applied Moment Magnification Method. The application is able to show interaction diagram, section drawing, and result tables. Moreover, the application was equipped with local database, and detailed calculations in pdf format to support the real project. Validation was done with computer-based software named CSiCol and ASDIP Concrete, whereas the optimization result was compared with other designs which used ACI Diagrams and Particle Swarm Optimization method. The application was pretty accurate and could provide a more economical section.

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Landingin, Jaime, Hugo Rodrigues, Humberto Varum, António Arêde, and Aníbal Costa. "Comparative Analysis of RC Irregular Buildings Designed According to Different Seismic Design Codes." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 7, no. 1 (December 30, 2013): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801307010221.

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The present paper presents a comparison of seismic provisions of three seismic design codes, the Philippine code, Eurocode 8 and the American code, to the most common ordinary residential frames of standard occupancy. Regular and irregular reinforced concrete frames were analyzed and compared for four storey building types. The response spectrum and the seismic parameters of NSCP 2010 were considered for the horizontal load action with different load combinations. Response spectrum analysis and equivalent lateral force analysis were performed using SAP2000 software package. Five representative columns for each RC frame structure were analyzed. Based on the results of column axial load - bending moment interaction diagrams, EC8 was found to be conservative when compared to NSCP 2010 and 2009 IBC. The conclusion is that for the design and analysis of ordinary RC residential buildings with certain irregularity, EC8 provisions were considered to be safer.

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Maroušková, Aneta, and Jan Kubát. "SOLID BURNT BRICKS’ TENSILE STRENGTH." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 13 (November 13, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.13.0075.

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This paper deals with experimental testing of solid burnt bricks and mortar in pure (axial) tension. The obtained working diagrams will be further use for a detailed numerical analysis of whole brick masonry column under concentric compressive load. Failure mechanism of compressed brick masonry column is characterized by the appearance and development of vertical tensile cracks in masonry units (bricks) passing in the direction of principal stresses and is accompanied by progressive growth of horizontal deformations. These cracks are caused by contraction and interaction between two materials with different mechanical characteristics (brick and mortar). The aim of this paper is more precisely describe the response of quasi-brittle materials to uniaxial loading in tension (for now only the results from three point bending test are available). For these reasons, bricks and mortar tensile behavior is experimentally tested and the obtained results are discussed.

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Paramasivam, P., and D. P. Thambiratnam. "Strain distribution in steel base plates under eccentric loads." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 24, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v243173.

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Experiments have been conducted on steel column base plates subjected to eccentric loads and the strain distributions in the base plates at various stages of loading have been determined. The thickness of the base plate and the eccentricity of load have been treated as parameters. Test results for the maximum bending strains, which always occurred at the column–base plate junction on the side of the load, compare reasonably well with those from a finite element analysis. However, the present results for the bending strains in the cantilever portions of the base plates which failed by yielding are greater than those obtained from classical theory, which is, therefore, seen to be conservative for these cases. Longitudinal and lateral strain distributions, strain contour plans, maximum bending strain variation with load, and interaction diagrams are presented and the results discussed. From these results it is evident that flexible base plates, especially when loaded at higher eccentricities, behave somewhat differently from what is assumed in classical methods.

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AlNajmi, Laith, and Farid Abed. "Evaluation of FRP Bars under Compression and Their Performance in RC Columns." Materials 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13204541.

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The behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars under compression is not fully understood yet due to the limited research in this area. However, the long-term durability, weathering resistance, and exceptional mechanical properties of FRP bars justify the need for their use in compression members. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the mechanical properties of glass FRP (GFRP) and basalt FRP (BFRP) bars under compression and examine their performances as main longitudinal reinforcements in reinforced concrete (RC) columns. In the first part of this research, a series of static compression tests were conducted on GFRP and BFRP bars of different diameters. The second part of this research numerically investigated the behavior of FRP-RC columns under concentric and eccentric loading using the mechanical properties of the FRP bars obtained experimentally. Nonlinear finite element models were developed to simulate the compressive behavior of the concrete columns reinforced with GFRP and BFRP bars. The FE models were verified with the experimental results conducted previously. The verified FE models are then utilized to conduct a parametric analysis considering two different column geometries and cross-sections, five reinforcement ratios, two concrete compressive strengths, three types of ties materials, and several loading eccentricities to develop a set of interaction diagrams that may provide valuable data for design purposes. The results indicated that the FRP bars could have a significant contribution to the overall capacity of FRP-RC columns by up to 35% of the total force at failure, depending on the reinforcement ratio. The performance of both the GFRP- and BFRP-RC columns was almost similar in terms of capacity, deflection, and bar strength contribution.

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Al-Sherrawi, Mohannad Husain, and Hamza M. Salman. "Construction of N-M Interaction Diagram for Reinforced Concrete Columns Strengthened with Steel Jackets Using Plastic Stress Distribution Method." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 10 (November 4, 2017): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-030926.

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No attempts have been made in developing the N-M interaction diagram for reinforced concrete columns strengthened with steel jackets using the plastic stress distribution method. Therefore, this paper presents an analytical model to construct the N-M interaction diagram for reinforced concrete columns strengthened with steel jackets using the plastic stress distribution method after assuming the behavior of strengthened column to be like composite column and including the effects of confinement on concrete compressive strength. The proposed model was compared with experimental results. The comparisons showed that the model is conservative and it reveals the ultimate strength of the strengthened column. A parametric study has been also carried out to investigate the influence of various parameters on the N-M interaction diagram of the strengthened column. These parameters were: dimensions of steel angle, yield stress of the steel angles, concrete compressive strength and the size of the reinforcement bars used in RC columns. The results made clear the effects of these parameters on the N-M interaction diagram, and encouraged the use of the model in preliminary strengthening studies.

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Shekarbeigi, Mehdi, and Hooshang Shekarbeigi. "Analysis of the Effect of the Solid-Brick Infilled Frames on the Behavior of A Hybrid System of Moment Resistance Frame, Shear Wall, and Infilled Frame Along High Concrete Structures." Current World Environment 10, Special-Issue1 (June 28, 2015): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.special-issue1.95.

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This paper is to investigate the benefits of a new structural system (hereafter it is referred as “Ultra Hybrid System”) in high concrete buildings relying on the compound performance of the moment resistance frame, shear wall and infilled frame. In this case, the Ultra Hybrid System takes the advantage of the moment resistance frame and shear wall up to the height, where the wall performance reaches zero, while it is applied the infilled frame along with it. It is studied the system behavior based on using concrete-brick infilled frames in the upper floors to find out the interaction between the shear wall and infilled frame. Then, it is compared displacement, relative floor displacement, base shear, axial column loads in a hybrid system of the moment resistance frame and shear wall and the Ultra Hybrid System of the moment resistance frame, shear wall, and infilled frame. In this study, ETABS 2000 software package )Barkhordari et al., 2001) is used to model the system in compression diagonal mode. Finally, the results are presented in diagrams and tables.

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Shetty, Shanmukha, R. M. Subrahmanya, B. G. Naresh Kumar, and H. S. Narashimhan Narashimhan. "An Analytical Investigation on Behavior of Cross (+) Shaped RC Columns Using PU-MU Interaction Diagrams." Bonfring International Journal of Man Machine Interface 4, Special Issue (July 30, 2016): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijmmi.8162.

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Aydin, Tuba, Murat Senturk, Cavit Kazaz, and Ahmet Cakir. "Inhibitory Effects and Kinetic-Docking Studies of Xanthohumol From Humulus lupulus Cones Against Carbonic Anhydrase, Acetylcholinesterase, and Butyrylcholinesterase." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 10 (October 2019): 1934578X1988150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19881503.

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Xanthohumol is an essential prenyl flavonoid of Humulus lupulus L. cones, and the taste of beer is due to this compound. Lately, xanthohumol has earned significant interest due to its potential anticancer, antigenotoxic, and adipogenesis effects. In this paper, the inhibitory effects of xanthohumol on human carbonic anhydrase isozymes (hCAI and hCAII), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were studied. Also, molecular docking studies were used to investigate ligand interaction diagrams of xanthohumol at the binding cavities of hCAI and II. Xanthohumol was isolated from hop cones by silica gel column chromatography. Carbonic anhydrase enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. In addition, molecular modeling approaches were used for the hCAI and hCAII isoenzymes. Ellman’s method was used for the inhibitor activities of AChE and BChE. The K I values of xanthohumol were detected as 0.085 µM for hCAI, 0.049 µM for hCAII, 95.5 nM for AChE, and 124.9 nM for BChE. In conclusion, xanthohumol can pleiotropically exert health promoting effects. It has antiglaucoma, anticonvulsant, antiepileptic, and anticancer activities due to its potent inhibitory effects on hCAI and hCAII. These findings may open new avenues for the design and development of novel hCAI, hCAII, AChE, and BChE inhibitors compared with sulfonamide/sulfamate.

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Kulkarni, Dr R. N., and C. K. Srinivasa. "Novel approach to transform UML Sequence diagram to Activity diagram." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (July 26, 2021): 1247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07300.

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Unified Modelling Language (UML) is currently accepted as a defacto standard language for modeling the software in the software industry. It will allow to implement object oriented concepts to model the software system. It provides a complete pictographic representation of software. Broadly these UML diagrams are classified into two groups viz. Structural diagrams and Behavioral diagrams. The sequence diagrams and Activity diagrams belongs to the second group i.e. behavioral diagrams. The sequence diagram represents the sequence of messages flowing from one object to another and activity diagram represents the flow of activities one after the other in a system. In this paper, we are proposing an automated tool which transforms the sequence diagram (which is represented in the table format) into activity diagram. The sequence diagram which is represented in the three column table called sequence table comprises various components of sequence diagram like objects, interactions, messages, alternations, iterations, loops, etc. The proposed tool reads the sequence table and converts the entire table components into the equivalent Activity table. Further the tool reads the activity table and then transforms to its equivalent activity diagram.

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Cholida, Nur Fithriani Fatma, A. Antonius, and Faiqun Ni'am. "A Parametric Study of Confinement Effects to the Interaction Diagram of P-M for High-Strength Concrete Columns." Journal of Advanced Civil and Environmental Engineering 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jacee.1.1.30-37.

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In reinforced concrete columns design, P-M interaction diagram is used as axial load control and column bending without taking into account the effect of lateral reinforcement bars. Design principles that ignore the effect of reinforcement bars will result in low value of actual axial capacity of column. This paper presents the effect of lateral reinforcement with a case study of square-sectional columns on high-strength concrete. The equation of unconfined concrete strength enhancement is based on Mander, Legeron, Imran, Antonius and Muguruma models. The reviewed parameters include compressive strength of concrete, reinforcement configuration, and spacings of confinement. The result of the analysis is a comparison of P-M diagram based on confinement models. It shows that confinement significantly influences axial capacity of column, yet it has a certain collapse point at point P = 0 in all models. This is caused by longitudinal reinforcement system. Configuration of reinforcement, spacing and confinement models greatly affects the collapse behavior of column, whether the collapse is classified as compressive collapse or tensile collapse based on the P-M diagram.

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Ryu, Eunmi, Heesun Kim, and Yeongsoo Shin. "Analytical Study for the Development of Interaction Diagram of the Fire-damaged RC Columns with Varied Heated Areas." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.3.61.

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Inconsistent damages over the surface of structural members are expected from a compartment fire situation, which may cause additional reduction of structural performances especially in the case of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. In this study, an analytical modeling method for simplified cross section was proposed and validated for the prediction of axial strength of fire-damaged RC columns. The proposed modeling method was subsequently used to develop interaction diagrams of fire-damaged RC columns with varied heat exposure areas. Compared to the experimental results, it was found that the P-M interaction diagram allowed estimating axial force and moment capacities of the fire-damaged concrete columns.

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Jia, Yingjie, Peng Chang, and Jing Sun. "Specified Domain in Nu-Mu Interaction Diagram for Logical Judgment in Numerical Analysis on Compression Reinforced Concrete Members." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801408010400.

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A series of specified domains in Nu-Mu interaction diagram are proposed to determine optimal reinforcement schemes for rectangular RC column sections subjected to uniaxial eccentric load. These domains divide the area covered by interaction diagram into four regions of safety zone, compression-controlled zone, balanced failure zone and tensioncontrolled zone, which can help engineer to understand all possibilities of section failure under varied reinforcement scheme when they carried out a section design for columns with numerical analysis. With the physical information included in the diagram, the domains help to establish logical judgment between practical reinforcement schemes specified by the Chinese code (GB50010-2010) and corresponding load combination (Nu, Mu) in interaction diagram, and also provide physical interpretation on any calculated result of steel consumption.

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Abu-Lebdeh. "High Rate-Dependent Interaction Diagrams for Reinforced Concrete Columns." American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2011.1.9.

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Zaneeb, Aysha M., Rupen Goswami, and C. V. R. Murty. "Lateral shear strength of rectangular RC columns subjected to combined P-V-M monotonic loading." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.53.4.227-241.

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An analytical method is presented to estimate lateral shear strength (and identify likely mode and location of failure) in reinforced concrete (RC) cantilever columns of rectangular cross-section under combined axial force, shear force and bending moment. Change in shear capacity of concrete with flexural demand at a section is captured explicitly and the shear resistance offered by concrete estimated; this is combined with shear resistance offered by transverse and longitudinal reinforcement bars to estimate the overall shear capacity of RC columns. Shear–moment (V-M) interaction capacity diagram of an RC column, viewed alongside the demand diagram, identifies the lateral shear strength and failure mode. These analytical estimates compare well with test data of 107 RC columns published in literature; the test data corresponds to different axial loads, transverse reinforcement ratios, longitudinal reinforcement ratios, shear span to depth ratios, and loading conditions. Also, the analytical estimates are compared with those obtained using other analytical methods reported in literature; in all cases, the proposed method gives reasonable accuracy when estimating shear capacity of RC columns. In addition, the method provides insights into the shear resistance mechanism in RC columns under the combined action of P-V-M, and it is simple to use.

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Riva, P., and M. Z. Cohn. "Design aids for rectangular reinforced concrete sections under combined bending and axial forces." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 5 (October 1, 1988): 916–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-117.

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Design interaction diagrams, Pr–Mr, for rectangular reinforced concrete sections under combined bending and axial compression or tension forces in accordance with the current Canadian code are presented. The interest of the note is that the interaction diagrams eliminate the limitations of those in the Canadian Portland Cement Association Handbook. Their format can be extended to other section shapes and reinforcement layouts. Key words: Combined bending, design aids, interaction diagrams, rectangular sections, reinforced concrete, short columns, strength analysis.

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Carpinteri, A., M. Corrado, G. Goso, and M. Paggi. "Size-scale effects on interaction diagrams for reinforced concrete columns." Construction and Building Materials 27, no. 1 (February 2012): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.047.

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Marano, Giuseppe Carlo, and Rita Greco. "Axial-Bending Interaction Diagrams of Reinforced Concrete Columns Exposed to Chloride Attack." Applied Mechanics and Materials 847 (July 2016): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.847.415.

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This paper focuses on reinforced concrete columns load carrying capacity degradation over time due to chloride induced steel pitting corrosion. The structural element is exposed to marine environment and the effects of corrosion are described by the time degradation of the axial-bending interaction diagram. Because chlorides ingress and consequent pitting corrosion propagation are both time-dependent mechanisms, the study adopts a time-variant predictive approach to evaluate residual strength of corroded reinforced concrete columns at different lifetimes. Corrosion initiation and propagation process is modelled by taking into account all the parameters, such as external environmental conditions, concrete mix proportion, concrete cover and so on, which influence the time evolution of the corrosion phenomenon and its effects on the residual strength of RC columns.

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Navid, Md Alvee Islam, Syed Jamal Uddin Ahmed, and Md Mahbubul Islam. "Development of Computer Aided Interaction Diagram for Bi-axially Loaded Column." Engineering International 3, no. 1 (2015): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ei.v3i1.196.

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Navid, Md Alvee Islam, Syed Jamal Uddin Ahmed, and Md Mahbubul Islam. "Development of Computer Aided Interaction Diagram for Bi-axially Loaded Column." Engineering International 3, no. 1 (December 3, 2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ei.v3i1.764.

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King, Louis, Daniel King, Abdelmalek Bouazza, Joel Gniel, and R. Kerry Rowe. "Design of geosynthetic reinforced column supported embankments using an interaction diagram." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 49, no. 1 (February 2021): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2020.09.010.

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Rodriguez, J. A., and J. Dario Aristizabal-Ochoa. "Biaxial Interaction Diagrams for Short RC Columns of Any Cross Section." Journal of Structural Engineering 125, no. 6 (June 1999): 672–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1999)125:6(672).

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Vuggumudi, Sreelatha, and P. Alagusundaramoorthy. "Interaction diagrams for FRP strengthened RC rectangular columns with large aspect ratio." Construction and Building Materials 171 (May 2018): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.131.

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AlHamaydeh, Mohammad, and Fouad Amin. "Data for Interaction Diagrams of Geopolymer FRC Slender Columns with Double-Layer GFRP and Steel Reinforcement." Data 6, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data6050043.

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This article provides data of axial load-bending moment capacities of plain and fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete (GPC, FRGPC) columns. The columns were reinforced by double layers of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement using steel and/or glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. The concrete fiber-reinforcing materials included steel and synthetic fibers. The columns data included different parameters like the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, the applied load eccentricity, and the columns’ slenderness ratio. The data was collected from different analysis output files then sorted and tabulated in usable formatted tables. The data can support the development of design axial load-bending moment interactions. In addition, further processing of the data can yield analytical strength curves which are useful in determining the columns stability under different structural loading configurations. Researchers and educators can make use of these data for illustrations and prospective new research suggestions.

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Elchalakani, Mohamed, Minhao Dong, and Ali Karrech. "Interaction Diagram of Rubberised Concrete Filled Square Hollow Sections." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 8, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2019.8.2.55.

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Rubberised concrete utilises waste material, prevents resource extraction and improves concrete ductility, however at the cost of reduced strength and stiffness. The performance of thirty rubberised concrete-filled single-skin steel tubes under combined loading conditions were systematically investigated and comparisons against six steel hollow tubular columns and beams were made. The experimental program consisted of three rubber replacement ratios, 0%, 15% and 30%, three load eccentricities and four tube sections with section slenderness (b/t, width/thickness) of 18 to 50. The results showed that the confined rubberised concrete and the restrained steel tube improved strength and ductility of the composite section. The rubberised concrete was more effective in delaying the premature buckling failure of the steel tube compared to the more brittle normal concrete. The rubberised concrete with 15% rubber replacement ratio showed a good balance of strength and ductility. The interaction diagrams obtained from the experiments and theoretical calculations were constructed and compared. The behaviours of the rubberised concrete filled steel tubes could be accurately predicted using existing design guidelines and safe designs can be produced. This study demonstrated the possibility of using rubberised concrete as a cost-effective solution to problems that require high moment and deformation capacity, such as the roadside barriers and columns in buildings located in seismic active zones.

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Rocca, Silvia, Nestore Galati, and Antonio Nanni. "Interaction diagram methodology for design of FRP-confined reinforced concrete columns." Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 4 (April 2009): 1508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.06.010.

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Al-Tikrite, Ahmed, and Muhammad N. S. Hadi. "Axial-flexural interaction diagram of RPC columns reinforced with steel fibres." Structures 19 (June 2019): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2019.02.008.

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Fenollosa, E., Ivan Cabrera, and Ana Almerich-Chulia. "Non-Linear Analysis of Rheological Effects in Slender Composite Columns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.389.

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A thorough analysis of slender columns under axial force and bending moment requires second order effects assessment. Concrete’s creep is one of the factors that increase lateral displacements of the bar in the long run. This phenomenon propitiates the instability and reduces its bearing capacity. This paper shows a procedure for assessing rheological effects based on Eurocode 2 method. This procedure will be added to structural analysis software which takes into consideration geometrical and mechanical non-linearity. As an example interaction diagrams for concrete-encased composite columns with different slenderness values are obtained. These diagrams will demonstrate that rheological effects have a greater influence as axial force eccentricity and slenderness values increase.

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Assi, Nizar, Husain Al-Gahtani, and Mohammed A. Al-Osta. "Numerical Investigation of Stress Block for High Strength Concrete Columns." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 974–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091522.

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This paper is intended to investigate the stress block for high strength concrete (HSC) using the finite element model (FEM) and analytical approach. New stress block parameters were proposed for HSC including the stress intensity factor (α1) and the depth factor (β1) based on basic equilibrium equations. A (3D) finite element modeling was developed for the columns made of HSC using the comprehensive code ABAQUS. The proposed stress parameters were validated against the experimental data found in the literature and FEM. Thereafter, the proposed stress block for HSC was used to generate interaction diagrams of rectangular and circular columns subjected to compression and uniaxial bending. The effects of the stress block parameters of HSC on the interaction diagrams were demonstrated. The results showed that a good agreement is obtained between the failure loads using the finite element model and the analytical approach using the proposed parameters, as well as the achievement of a close agreement with experimental observation. It is concluded that the use of proposed parameters resulted in a more conservative estimation of the failure load of columns. The effect of the stress depth factor is considered to be minor compared with the effect of the intensity factor.

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Bhusal, Bikram, Satish Paudel, and Tek Bahadur Katuwal. "Investigation of Confinement Effects for Determining Moment Curvature and Interaction Diagram of Reinforced Concrete Column." Technical Journal 2, no. 1 (November 11, 2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tj.v2i1.32844.

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This paper presents the relevance of using various material models to represent the inherent material non-linearity of the cross-section in generating moment curvature relationship. Further, confinement effects are imposed on geometry and P-M diagram is constructed of typical cross-section of column adopted in Nepal. Also, the modelling capability and user defined modelling aspects in terms of section, material behavior is assessed and suitability of modelling criteria to depict the actual displacement capacity is studied. It was observed the ultimate curvature of the un-confined concrete section considered was obtained approximately to be 0.16 per m while for studied confined material models the curvature was obtained approximately to be 0.66 per m. This increase in curvature is due to the confinement effect of the lateral ties. It was observed that the loss of strength of concrete in cover is compensated by use of the confinement since gain in axial and bending capacity of the confined concrete in comparison to unconfined one in compression control region. Hence, it is suggested to adopt the confined material model as user-defined for generating hinge property for non-linear analysis of the structures.

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Abd El-Fattah, Ahmed, Hayder A. Rasheed, and Asad Esmaeily. "A new eccentricity-based simulation to generate ultimate confined interaction diagrams for circular concrete columns." Journal of the Franklin Institute 348, no. 7 (September 2011): 1163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2009.10.005.

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Ali, Shehroze, Junaid Ahmad, M. Neaz Sheikh, Tao Yu, and Muhammad N. S. Hadi. "Analytical load-moment (P-M) interaction diagrams of GFRP bar reinforced circular geopolymer concrete columns." Structures 34 (December 2021): 2445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.08.131.

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Elchalakani, Mohamed, Minhao Dong, and Ali Karrech. "Interaction Diagram of Rubberised Concrete Filled Circular Hollow Sections." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2019.8.1.1.

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Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) is increasingly used in engineering construction as columns and beams. CFST is known to absorb large amounts of energy as a result of the composite effect. Internationally, there are increasing amounts of waste rubber. In this study recycled rubber is used as aggregate supplement in concrete. Rubberised concrete is known to be more ductile than conventional concrete however has a lower compressive strength. This study investigated the performance of thirty rubberised concrete-filled single-skin steel tubes under combined loading conditions and compared the results against six steel hollow tubular members. Three rubber replacement ratios, 0%, 15% and 30%, three load eccentricities and four tube sections with section slenderness (b/t, width/thickness) of 18 to 36 were examined. The results have shown that the composite section had greatly improved load carrying capacity. The ductile rubberised concrete was more effective in delaying the premature buckling failure of the steel tube compared to the normal concrete. The interaction diagrams were constructed from the experiments and theoretical calculations. It was found that the behaviours of the rubberised concrete filled steel tubes could be accurately predicted using existing design guidelines. This study demonstrated the potential of using rubberised concrete as a cost-effective solution to safe roadside barriers and structural members in buildings located in seismic active zones.

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Salman, Mohammed Mosleh, Husain Khalaf Jarallah, and Raed Satar Al-Behadili. "Experimental Investigation of Short Square Normal and Hybrid Fiber Reactive Powder Concrete Columns Subjected to Chloride Solution Attack." Journal of Engineering 24, no. 7 (June 29, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2018.07.06.

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In this research, the structural behavior of reinforced concrete columns made of normal and hybrid reactive powder concrete (hybrid by steel and polypropylene fibers) subjected to chloride salts with concentration was 8341.6 mg/l. The study consists of two parts, the first one is experimental study and the second one is theoretical analysis. Three main variables were adopted in the experimental program; concrete type, curing type and loading arrangement. Twenty (120x120x1200) mm columns were cast and tested depending on these variables. The samples were reinforced using two different bars; Ø8 for ties and Ø12 with minimum longitudinal reinforcement (0.01Ag). The specimens were divided into two main groups based on curing type: The first group consists of casting and testing of ten columns that cured in tap water for 28 days with two types of concrete (normal and hybrid), five columns for each type. While the second group consists of ten columns that direct cured and fully immersed in chloride water (8341.6 mg/l) 6 months with two types of concrete (normal and hybrid), five columns for each type. The specimens were tested under three types of loading, the first one is axial load, the second one is eccentric load with three different eccentricities (50,100 and 150) mm and where (e/h) are (0.42, 0.83 and 1.25) respectively from the center of column while the third type of loading is tested the specimens as beam. The experimental results showed an increase in ultimate load capacity and higher chlorides resisting for hybrid reactive powder concrete in comparison with normal concrete in both types of curing (tap and chloride water) through studying strain profile. Interaction diagram charts were obtained from different types of loading for each specimen. These charts showed high values for hybrid reactive powder concrete in comparison with normal concrete.

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Bizdadea, C., S. O. Saliu, and M. Toma. "Mixed Symmetry-Tipe (k,1) Massless Tensor Fields. Consistent Interactions Of Dual Linearized Gravity." Annals of West University of Timisoara - Physics 56, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/awutp-2015-0016.

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AbstractA particular case of interactions of a single massless tensor field with the mixed symmetry corresponding to a two-column Young diagram (k,1) with k=4, dual to linearized gravity in D=7, is considered in the context of: self-couplings, cross-interactions with a Pauli-Fierz field, cross-couplings to purely matter theories, and interactions with an Abelian 1-form. The general approach relies on the deformation of the solution to the master equation from the antifield-BRST formalism by means of the local cohomology of the BRST differential.

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Kim, Tae-Hoon. "Parametric Study on the P-M Interaction Diagram of Hollow Prestressed Concrete Bridge Columns." Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea 15, no. 6 (December 31, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5000/eesk.2011.15.6.001.

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Espinós, Ana, Vicente Albero, Carmen Ibáñez, Manuel L. Romero, and Antonio Hospitaler. "10.14: Fire design method for eccentrically loaded concrete-filled steel tubular columns based on interaction diagrams." ce/papers 1, no. 2-3 (September 2017): 2628–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.312.

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Ramalho, Maria Alzira Barros, and Miguel Chichorro Gonçalves. "Statistical Comparison of the Results of Applying Several Methods in Checking Concrete Columns’ Fire Resistance." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.572.

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The main objective of this study is to help the structural designers so they can, quickly and efficiently, study the concrete columns’ fire resistance. The most expeditious methods of fire resistance verification in terms of ease of application by structural designers, the methods given in EN 1992-1-2 [1] in the form of tables (Method A, Method B and Method C), were used in the fire resistance verification of 12243 rectangular columns inserted in the stability projects of 63 buildings, carefully selected in order to be representative of the ones licensed in Portugal [2]. Noting that these methods lead to excessively conservative results, the authors developed an alternative methodology, also with expedite application, but leading to substantially less conservative results (although designed on the safety side). This methodology consists on the consultation of adimensional interaction diagrams in fire situation, Nfi/Mfi, developed using the 500oC Isotherm Method. In the development of these diagrams unexpected results were obtained in some columns’ cross-sections, for which the resistance at room temperature was lower than the one corresponding to a fire situation at level R60. Some of the factors that can contribute to the occurrence of these results are pointed out.

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Nicolae, Marilena, and Costin Sorin Bîldea. "Isobaric Vapor Liquid Equilibrium Determination for 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene + Ethanol and 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene + n-Butanol Binary Systems." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.14526.

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The vapor-liquid equilibrium data are necessary for the design of the distillation columns which separate the mixture mesitylene – ABE components resulting from the liquid-liquid extraction of butanol from the ABE using 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene as solvent. In this work, the vapor - liquid equilibrium data is determined for the binary systems: ethanol + 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and n-butanol + 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene at constant pressure of 93.325 KPa using a double phase circulation apparatus. Thus, P-T-x-y data is determined, which is further processed by regression to determine the binary interaction parameters of the NRTL and UNIQUAC models. Furthermore, the T-x-y diagrams are calculated using the completed thermodynamic models (NRTL and UNIQUAC) and the UNIFAC predictive model, and compared with the experimental diagrams.

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Kim, Ji Hyeon, Seung Han Lee, Inyeol Paik, and Hae Sung Lee. "Reliability assessment of reinforced concrete columns based on the P–M interaction diagram using AFOSM." Structural Safety 55 (July 2015): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2015.03.003.

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45

Kim, Tae-Hoon. "Hollow precast segmental prestressed concrete bridge columns with a shear resistant connecting element." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 44, no. 6 (June 2017): 472–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2016-0276.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of hollow precast segmental prestressed concrete (PSC) bridge columns with a shear resistant connecting element. A model of hollow precast segmental PSC bridge columns was tested under a constant axial load and a cyclically reversed horizontal load. The computer program, RCAHEST (Reinforced Concrete Analysis in Higher Evaluation System Technology) was used. Non-dimensional P-M interaction diagrams were developed to predict the design resistance of precast segmental PSC bridge columns. Among the numerous parameters, this study concentrates on concrete compressive strength, prestressing reinforcement ratio, effective prestress, diameter of circle passing through tendon centerlines-to-outside diameter of section ratio (Ds/Do) and inside diameter of section-to-outside diameter of section ratio (Di/Do). This study documents the testing of hollow precast segmental PSC bridge columns under cyclic loading and presents conclusions and design recommendations based on the experimental and analytical findings.

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Jaramillo, Jorge Ricardo Vintimilla, and Luis Tinerfe Hernández Rodríguez. "Columnas Compuestas de Hormigón y Acero SRC, Sujetas a Flexocompresión Biaxial." KnE Engineering 3, no. 1 (February 11, 2018): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v3i1.1433.

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The work presented is based on experimental and theoretical analysis of SRC composite columns subjected to biaxial bending and axial compression, where the specification of American and European code criteria are used to calculate de load bending strength. The computer program to calculate the interaction diagram of biaxial bending and axial compression with inclined neutral axis is made in the software Matlab by using the fiber method, besides, the strength of the specimen is calculated. Users can design new frame sections and check the exist sections. To obtain the displacements and load curve, to calculate load contours and determination of the interaction family curves of the modeled sections. The destructive performance of the round and rectangle composite columns are made in the structures laboratory of EPN to obtain the results such as the buckling displacement at strong, weak and longitudinal direction measured with LVDT´S. Subsequently, the theoretical and experimental analysis results are made to demonstrate the reliability of the numeric model.Keywords: Composite Columns, Concrete, Steel

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Albero, V., A. Espinós, M. L. Romero, Y. C. Wang, C. Renaud, P. Schaumann, and E. Nigro. "Interaction diagram based method for fire resistance design of eccentrically loaded concrete-filled steel tubular columns." Thin-Walled Structures 130 (September 2018): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.06.017.

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Karim, Hogr, M. Neaz Sheikh, and Muhammad N. S. Hadi. "Load and Moment Interaction Diagram for Circular Concrete Columns Reinforced with GFRP Bars and GFRP Helices." Journal of Composites for Construction 21, no. 1 (February 2017): 04016076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000737.

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Amira, Celica, Dwi Nurtanto, and Nanin Meyfa Utami. "THE ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR COLUMN PERFORMANCE TOWARDS STRUCTURAL REINFORCED CONCRATE ELEMENTS BEHAVIOR." Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil dan Lingkungan 3, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jrsl.v3i2.11273.

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The column has a different cross-sectional capacity based on the direction of the X and Y moments based from the cross section. This research analyzes the performance of reinforced concrete by transformis the square column that already exists into a rectangular column with the function of the building is apartment. The result of this research was to find out performance of rectangular column on the behavior of high building structure. This Research analyzes two shapes of column rectangular and Square with the same area of concrete and reinforcement with all sides equal. Structure will be modeled by structural analysis program. Analyze using interaction diagram by structural analysis program. to find out the collapse of the column. The results of this Research indicates that axial load in any cross section has the same values, as long as the column has the same cross-sectional area and total of reinforcement area. Moment and shear loads with rectangular have a smaller Force on the strong axis X, while in weak axis Y have a greater Force. The displacement on the strong axis X with Square column have a smaller deviations of 10,81%, while on the weak axis Y have a greater deviations of 12,05%. Kolom memiliki kapasitas penampang yang berbeda berdasarkan arah momen X dan Y jika dilihat dari sisi penampangnya. Penelitian ini menganalisis kinerja struktur beton bertulang dengan merubah bentuk persegi sama sisi menjadi bentuk persegi panjang dengan fungsi bangunan sebagai apartemen. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kinerja kolom dengan bentuk persegi panjang terhadap perilaku struktur gedung seperti simpangan dan gaya dalam pada gedung dalam menerima beban gempa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua bentuk penampang, yaitu persegi sama sisi dan persegi panjang dengan luas penampang beton serta luas tulangan sama dengan tulangan merata. Struktur dimodelkan menggunakan program bantu struktur. Menganalisis kolom menggunakan diagram interaksi dengan program bantu struktur untuk mengetahui letak keruntuhan kolom. Hasil analisis menunjukkan gaya aksial dalam bentuk penampang apapun memiliki hasil yang sama, selama memiliki luas penampang kolom dan luas tulangan total yang sama. Gaya momen dan gaya geser kolom persegi panjang menghasilkan gaya yang lebih kecil pada sumbu kuat X, sedangkan pada sumbu lemah Y menghasilkan gaya yang lebih besar. Simpangan struktur antar lantai pada sumbu kuat X dengan penampang kolom persegi sama sisi menghasilkan simpangan yang lebih kecil 10,81%, sedangkan pada sumbu lemahnya menghasilkan simpangan lebih besar yaitu 12,05%.

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LEVY, R., and E. GAL. "BUCKLING AND STRESS SOFTENING OF BEAM-COLUMNS UNDER COMPLEX THREE-DIMENSIONAL LOADING." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 02, no. 04 (December 2002): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455402000713.

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This paper is concerned with buckling and stress softening of beam-columns under axial compression, biaxial bending and torsion. Members with no warping whose cross sections vary along the axis in a uniform manner with respect to the principal directions are also considered. The basic four coupled differential equations governing the behavior of three-dimensional beam columns are reformulated to include varying cross sections. A 12 × 12 stiffness matrix is assembled by solving the equations 6 times (which is sufficient to describe 3D behavior) for a sequence of appropriate discontinuities using the finite difference method. Two sets of curves are then computed. One set displays interaction diagrams that highlight the stress softening of beam stiffnesses. The other set of curves displays the buckling compressive load of a rectangular cantilevered beam under a variety of tri-directional moments (two bending moments and one twisting moment).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Column interaction diagrams'

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