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1
Walter, Frank. "Comal County, Texas." Phi Delta Kappan 99, no. 5 (2018): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721718754807.
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Comal County, Texas, may be rural but its students face many of the same challenges as students in urban districts. Communities In Schools of South Central Texas works with the local school district to identify student needs and provide critical supports to help young people prepare for life after high school.
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McGraw, A. Joachim, William B. Ellis, and Joseph H. Labadie. "Archaeological Investigations for the Canyon Hydroelectric Project, Comal County, Texas." Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State 1987, no. 1 (1987): Article 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.1987.1.1.
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Johnson, Matthew S., Anne Bolick, Mara Alexander, David Huffman, Ed Oborny, and Allen Monroe. "Fluctuations in Densities of the Invasive Gill Parasite Centrocestus formosanus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in the Comal River, Comal County, Texas, U.S.A." Journal of Parasitology 98, no. 1 (2012): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-2841.1.
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Potter, Daniel R. "Archaeological Testing at Two Well Locations in New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas." Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State 1989, no. 1 (1989): Article 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.1989.1.10.
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Arnn III, John W. "An Archaeological Survey of the New Braunfels Little League Project, Comal County, Texas." Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State 1998, no. 1 (1998): Article 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.1998.1.15.
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Arnn, III, John W. "Archaeological Monitoring of a Parking Lot Construction Project in New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas." Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State 1997, no. 1 (1997): Article 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.1997.1.10.
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Mahoney, Richard, Harry Shafer, Steve Tomka, Lee Nordt, and Raymond Mauldin. "Royal Coachman (41CM111) An Early Middle Archaic Site along Cordova Creek in Comal County, Texas." Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State 2003, no. 1 (2003): Article 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2003.1.3.
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Arnn, III, John W. "Archaeological Monitoring of a Sidewalk Construction Project in Landa Park, New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas." Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State 1997, no. 1 (1997): Article 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.1997.1.11.
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Arnn, III, John W. "Archaeological Investigations at the Landa Park Golf Course Pro Shop, New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas." Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State 1997, no. 1 (1997): Article 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.1997.1.9.
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Gibson, Randy, Benjamin T. Hutchins, Jean K. Krejca, Peter H. Diaz, and Peter S. Sprouse. "Stygobromus bakeri, a new species of groundwater amphipod (Amphipoda, Crangonyctidae) associated with the Trinity and Edwards aquifers of central Texas, USA." Subterranean Biology 38 (April 12, 2021): 19–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.38.61787.
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A new stygobitic groundwater amphipod species, Stygobromus bakerisp. nov., is described from 4 central Texas limestone karst springs; John Knox Spring (Comal County), Jacob’s Well (Hays County), Mormon Spring (Travis County) and Salado Springs (Bell County). This species belongs to the predominately western Nearctic hubbsi species group of Stygobromus and differs from other species in the group by gnathopod 1 with row of 4 to 5 setae posterior to the defining angle, pereopods 6 and 7 with broadly expanded bases and distinct distoposterior lobes, gnathopods 1 and 2 with 2 rows of 3 singly inserted setae on the inner palm, and uropod 3 with single, slightly distal peduncular seta. Habitat, sympatric groundwater species, and conservation issues are discussed.
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McGinnis, Ronald N., David A. Ferrill, Kevin J. Smart, Alan P. Morris, Camilo Higuera-Diaz, and Daniel Prawica. "Pitfalls of using entrenched fracture relationships: Fractures in bedded carbonates of the Hidden Valley Fault Zone, Canyon Lake Gorge, Comal County, Texas." AAPG Bulletin 99, no. 12 (2015): 2221–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/07061513012.
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Banin, E., T. Israely, A. Kushmaro, Y. Loya, E. Orr, and E. Rosenberg. "Penetration of the Coral-Bleaching BacteriumVibrio shiloi into Oculina patagonica." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 7 (2000): 3031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.7.3031-3036.2000.
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ABSTRACT Inoculation of the coral-bleaching bacterium Vibrio shiloi into seawater containing its host Oculina patagonica led to adhesion of the bacteria to the coral surface via a β-d-galactose receptor, followed by penetration of the bacteria into the coral tissue. The internalized V. shiloi cells were observed inside the exodermal layer of the coral by electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy using specific anti-V. shiloi antibodies to stain the intracellular bacteria. At 29�C, 80% of the bacteria bound to the coral within 8 h. Penetration, measured by the viable count (gentamicin invasion assay) inside the coral tissue, was 5.6, 20.9, and 21.7% of the initial inoculum at 8, 12, and 24 h, respectively. The viable count in the coral tissue decreased to 5.3% at 48 h, and none could be detected at 72 h. Determination of V. shiloi total counts (using the anti-V. shiloiantibodies) in the coral tissue showed results similar to viable counts for the first 12 h of infection. After 12 h, however, the total count more than doubled from 12 to 24 h and continued to rise, reaching a value 6 times that of the initial inoculum at 72 h. Thus, the intracellular V. shiloi organisms were transformed into a form that could multiply inside the coral tissue but did not form colonies on agar medium. Internalization of the bacteria was accompanied by the production of high concentrations of V. shiloi toxin P activity in the coral tissue. Internalization and multiplication of V. shiloi are discussed in terms of the mechanism of bacterial bleaching of corals.
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Wilson, Edward C., and Ralph L. Langenheim. "Early Permian corals from Arrow Canyon, Clark County, Nevada." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 6 (1993): 935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000025233.
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Rugose and tabulate corals from the Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) part of the Bird Spring Group in Arrow Canyon, Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada, comprise eight species in eight genera. Stylastraea rowetti n. sp. is the first unequivocal record of this genus west of Texas in North America. Heritschiella girtyi, the only endemic North American waagenophyllid genus and species, is recorded outside Kansas for the first time. Paraheritschioides stevensi formerly was known only from northern California. The other species also occur elsewhere in the Permian of Nevada and nearby. This southeast Nevada shelf area has the first known intermixture of corals from the Durhaminid Coral Province and subprovinces of far western North America and the Cyathaxonid Coral Province of middle and southwestern North America.
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Wilson, Edward C. "Early Permian corals from the Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County, California." Journal of Paleontology 68, no. 5 (1994): 938–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000026573.
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Rugose and tabulate corals from the Lower Permian (Wolfcampian) part of the Bird Spring Group in the Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County, southeastern California, comprise eight species in eight genera. Heritschioides mckassoni n. sp. is the lowest stratigraphic record for this index genus on the undoubted shelf of western North America. Paraheritschioides applegatei n. sp. is the first record for the genus in southern California. Neomultithecopora providensis n. sp. is a second species for the genus in the southern Great Basin. The other five species provide close ties to previously described faunas from the Spring Mountains and the Arrow Canyon Range of southwestern and southeastern Nevada. The combined Wolfcampian coral faunas of these three areas are somewhat closer at the genus and species level to the McCloud Limestone Wolfcampian faunas of northern California than to the Wolfcampian shelf faunas in east-central Nevada. Additional species present in the combined faunas are known originally from the Wolfcampian of central Nevada and Kansas and a genus is not otherwise known south of British Columbia. The faunas suggest a subprovince of the Durhaminid Coral Province for the southern California and southern Nevada area and perhaps imply partial isolation from the more northerly parts of the province by land barriers such as the Antler Highlands.
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Sigdel, Sulav. "A comparative study of structural parameters of a RCC T-girder bridge using loading pattern from different codes." Journal of Engineering Issues and Solutions 1, no. 1 (2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joeis.v1i1.36818.
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Nepal is an under-developed country; it is on the threshold of becoming a developing country. With new highways and railroad projects launching, construction of bridges is likely to increase. Bridges improve connectivity across the country and provide support to the country's overall economic growth. While designing a bridge, concrete properties, reinforcement properties, superstructure and substructure sections, traffic movements and loading conditions are specified. Bridges in Nepal are designed based on criteria enumerated by Indian Road Congress (IRC) code provisions. But, there are different bridge design codes used by different countries. Although these provisions follow the same basic principles, they may yield different results. The study on various structural parameters' variation is significant while selecting the code provision for the design and analysis of the bridge. In this study, a T-Girder Bridge is considered and is modelled and analyzed by vehicular loading patterns from IRC Codal Provision, AASHTO Codal Provision, and Chinese Codal Provision. This study uses CSiBridge computer software to perform the analysis.
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Webb, Gregory E. "A new tabulate coral species from the Pitkin Formation (Chesterian) of north-central Arkansas." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 4 (1990): 664–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000042736.
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The coral fauna of the Upper Mississippian (Chesterian) Pitkin Formation was described by Easton (1943) and, more recently, by Webb (1987), who defined two coral faunules. The lower faunule occurs throughout the Pitkin outcrop belt from northeastern Oklahoma to north-central Arkansas. The upper faunule has been recognized only in north-central Arkansas where a higher part of the Pitkin is preserved. Equivalent strata have apparently been removed to the west by the pre-Pennsylvanian regional unconformity that differentially truncates Chesterian strata across the Ozark uplift. Thus the upper faunule is less well known than the lower faunule. The purpose of this note is to describe a new tabulate coral from the upper faunule in Searcy County, Arkansas.
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Barus, Beta Susanto, Tri Prartono, and Dedi Soedarma. "PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP BENTUK PERTUMBUHAN TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN TELUK LAMPUNG." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 10, no. 3 (2018): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v10i3.21516.
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ABSTRAKKondisi lingkungan perairan dapat menentukan bentuk pertumbuhan terumbu karang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bentuk pertumbuhan karang pada kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda di sekitar perairan Teluk Lampung. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan transek kuadrat dengan ukuran (1x1) m2 dan pengolahan data menggunakan software CPCE (Coral Point Count with Excel Extension). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2013. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa bentuk pertumbuhan karang yang dominan pada perairan Teluk Lampung adalah bentuk bercabang dari genus Acropora (ACB), bentuk foliose (CF) dan bentuk massive (CM). Tipe brancing ditemukan di daerah yang memiliki kondisi arus yang lemah dan tingkat kecerahan yang tinggi. Coral foliose ditemukan pada daerah yang arusnya juga lemah dan tingkat kekeruhan rendah. Coral massive ditemukan mendominasi di daerah yang arus dan tingkat kekeruhannya cukup tinggi. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi lingkungan perairan dapat mempengaruhi bentuk pertumbuhan terumbu karang di Perairan Teluk Lampung. ABSTRACTWater conditions can determine the life form of coral. This study aimed to determine life form of coral growth in different environmental conditions around Lampung Bay waters. The observation using quadratic transect with size (1x1) m2 and processing data by using CPCE (Coral Point Count with Excel Extension) software. This study was conducted in July 2013. The results showed that the dominant form of coral growth in Lampung Bay waters was branching form of the Acropora genus (ACB), foliose (CF) and massive (CM) forms. Branching types were found in areas with weak current conditions and high brightness levels. Coral foliose were found in areas where the current was also weak and low turbidity. Coral massive domination was found in high level both in current and turbidity. It was concluded that environmental conditions could influence the life form of coral reef in the waters of Lampung Bay.
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Meltvedt, Ariana, and Catherine Jadot. "Progression of the Coral-Algal Phase Shift in the Caribbean: A Case Study in Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean." Marine Technology Society Journal 48, no. 6 (2014): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.48.6.4.
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AbstractCoral reefs around the globe are subject to environmental and anthropogenic stressors that are causing habitat degradation and a decline in reef resilience. Past studies of Caribbean reefs document a decrease in coral cover with a simultaneous increase in algal cover after significant stress, disturbance, or coral mortality. The long-term shift from coral-dominated reefs to algae-dominated reefs is known as a coral-algal phase shift. This study assessed the progression of a coral-algal phase shift at a fringing reef around Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean, by comparing current coral and algal benthic cover to historical data, from 1997 to 2008, at a site nearby. Research was conducted over a 5-w period from September to October 2012. Twenty 10-m transects were filmed and analyzed through Coral Point Count with Excel extensions software to determine percent live coral and algal cover. Mean coral cover at the study site was 14.3%, and algal cover was 72.4%. In comparison to historical data, a significant increase in the algae-coral ratio indicated a progression of a coral-algal phase shift in Bonaire. This study contributes to the scientific knowledge of coral-algal phase shifts in the Bonaire reef ecosystem and the broader scientific reef conservation.
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Martínez-Fonseca, José Gabriel, Julio Loza, Maynor Fernandez, Milton Salazar-Saavedra, and Javier Sunyer. "First country record of Rhinobothryum bovallii (Andersson, 1916) (Squamata, Colubridae) from Nicaragua." Check List 15, no. 4 (2019): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/15.4.555.
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We report on the first definite record of the False Tree Coral Snake, Rhinobothryum bovallii (Andersson, 1916), from Nicaragua based on one specimen from the Refugio Bartola, department of Río San Juan, southeastern Nicaragua. The newly found specimen narrows a 510 km distributional gap between occurrences from near the Honduran–Nicaraguan border and the nearest occurrence in Costa Rica.
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Kase, Ardy, Indri Manembu, and Joshian Schaduw. "KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG PULAU MANTEHAGE KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 7, no. 3 (2019): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.7.3.2019.24466.
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Coral reefs are coastal ecosystems with the highest level of diversity. Corals are invertebrates that are included in the Phylum Coelenterata (hollow animal) or Cnidaria. Whereas coral reefs are a collection of millions of polyps. Natural phenomena and various anthropogenic activities threaten the health and presence of Mantehage Island coral reefs and the lack of information about the health conditions of coral reefs on Mantehage Island. The purpose of this study is to determine the condition of coral reefs andto provide baselines data on Mantehage Island. Data collection was done by using UPT method (Underwater Photo Transect). Underwater Photo Transect carried out by underwater shooting using a digital camera that was shielded (housing). Image analysis were done using the CPCe software (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions). The results of coral reef health conditions at four stations on Mantehage Island shows, coral reef cover at each station as follows, station 1 (one) 53.00% were in good condition, station 2 (two) 25.40% were in a moderate condition, station 3 (three) 16.49% were in poor condition, and station 4 (four) 42.07% were in a moderate condition. From the four stations, the condition of Mantehage Island's coral reefs were in the moderate category with a percentage of 34.24%.Keywords:. Mantehage Island, Terumbu Karang, UPT, CPCe
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Hermansyah, Hermansyah, Tatang Mitra Setia, Cipto Utomo, Annastasya Rahma Ramadhani, Sabihis Sabihis, and Nurdian Sahril. "Preliminary Study of Coral Reef Conditions in Marine Park and Coral Reef Education Centre Plan Area, Seribu Islands National Park, Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 4, no. 1 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47007/ijobb.v4i1.50.
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Marine waters surrounding Child-friendly Integrated Public Spaces (RPTRA) at Tanjung Elang still has the potential for highly productive coral reef resources, thus enabling the development of ecological-based tourism, education and conservation. Despite the potential, the coral reefs in the surrounding of RPTRA Tanjung Elang has suffered damage caused by anthropogenic activities and natural factors. The aim of this research is to assess the initial condition of coral reef at the location of marine park areal and coral reef education center plan, RPTRA Tanjung Elang Waters, Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands National Park, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. This research used Underwater Photo Transect/UPT method were analyzed using CPCe 4.1. software (Coral Point Count with Excel extension). The results of physico-chemical parameters measurements showed that water quality in RPTRA Tanjung Elang Waters Pramuka Island, is still within tolerance limits for coral life. The percentage of live coral cover was in a bad category with a low value (5.35%). The most dominant form of coral growth was submassive (CS) with a percentage value 54.46%. Composition of hard coral genusis consists of 3 family, 5 genus, and 100 species.The most dominant of Porites was with submassive and massive growth form. The index value of diversity shows a low category (0.56). The dominance index value showed a medium category (0.75). Uniformity and mortality index value showed a low category (0.35 and 0.43).
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Idris, Idris, Neviaty P. Zamani, Suharsono Suharsono, and Fakhrurrozi Fakhrurrozi. "Coral Reef Degradation Due to ‘Ship Grounding’ in Indonesia: Case Study of Ship Aground in Bangka-Belitung Waters by Mother Vessel MV Lyric Poet." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 12, no. 2 (2020): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v12i2.17947.
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HighlightDamage to coral reefs by ship aground is twice the area of a football fieldFound four zones of damage including runoff, dune, blow and dispersalMortality of live coral and other benthic biota ranges from 75-100% in the affected locationThe form of damaged live coral growth is predominantly slow growing.Eight hard coral species were found on the IUCN-Redlist list with a vulnerable status.AbstractShip grounding on coral reefs often results in physical and biological damage, including dislodging and removal of corals from reefs, destruction of coral skeletons, erosion and removal of sediment deposits, and loss of three-dimensional complexity. Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, is very vulnerable to various pressures; for example, the case of ship grounding is a great concern of scientists, managers, divers, and sailors themselves. Most of the damage is very severe. The purpose of the research conducted is to identify the condition of the live coral cover, mapping the type and extent of coral reef damage, affected coral species, their conservation status, and to quantify the extent of the area of coral reef damage. Measuring the extent of damage to coral reef ecosystems using the fishbone method, while the level of damage and its impact was measured using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) and belt transect method. The event of the grounding of the MV Lyric Poet on the Bangka Waters, Bangka-Belitung Province, has caused damage to the coral reef ecosystem. There are four damage zones identified, i.e., trajectory, mound, propeller, and dispersion zone. Corals are damaged with a total area of 13.540m2; equivalent to twice that of an international football field. Diversity of hard coral found as many as 49 species included in the CITES-Appendix II. A total of eight protected species are included in the IUCN Red List with extinction-prone status.
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Pante, Eric, and Phillip Dustan. "Getting to the Point: Accuracy of Point Count in Monitoring Ecosystem Change." Journal of Marine Biology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/802875.
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Ecological monitoring programs depend on the robust estimation of descriptive parameters. Percent cover, gleaned from transects sampled with video imagery, is a popular benthic ecology descriptor often estimated using point counting, an image-based method for identifying substrate types beneath random points. We tested the hypothesis that the number of points needed to robustly estimate benthic cover in video imagery transects depends on cover itself, predicting that lower cover will require more points/frame to be accurately estimated. While this point may seem obvious to the statistically inclined, the justification of point density has been largely ignored in the literature. We examined the statistical behavior of point count estimates using computer-simulated 20 m-long transects patterned after data from a Bahamian reef. The minimum number of points necessary to insure accurate percent cover estimation, the Optimal Point Count (OPC), is a function of mean percent cover and spatial heterogeneity of the benthic community. More points are required to characterize reefs with lower cover and more homogeneously distributed coral colonies. These results show that careful consideration must be given to sampling design and data analysis prior to attempting to estimate benthic cover, especially in the context of long-term monitoring of degrading coral reef ecosystems.
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Hegazy, E. H., Ahmed Kh Mehanna, Mohamed Y. Omar, Heba Elkilani, and Amr A. Hassan. "Coral Reefs Damage Assessment due to Oil Pollution in Egyptian Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.725.
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Coral reefs are the most biological systems productive and versatile on the surface of the planet earth, which is a source with economic and social, returns great for the country that God-given this natural wealth. Egypt is home to some of the most spectacular coral reefs and associated marine life in the world. Egypt has enacted laws and takes effective measures for the protection and management of coral reefs and associated ecosystems in the Red Sea and its Gulf to characterize these areas of the richness and diversity of coral reef environment is scarce to be repeated elsewhere in the world. The largest sub-sector for the Egyptian tourism market is the coastal tourism. Coastal tourism depends largely on intact reefs, and this is also one of the most important causes of reef degradation in Egypt. Over the last two decades live coral cover has declined in Egypt. Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) implements its own methodology to estimate the coral reefs impacts as a result of the destruction of coral reefs due to ship aground or anchorage. This paper focuses on and presents the modelling of the destruction of coral reefs as a result of the collision and the ship ground damage assessment in case of oil spills in Egyptian coastal water referring to the EEAA methodology applied in Egypt.
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GUMBIRA, RADEN WILLY WIGUNA, FITRI RIZKIA, TRI DEWI KUSUMANINGRUM PRIBADI, and MUHAMMAD SYAEFUL HIDAYAT. "Threat of blast fishing on coral diversity in Peucang Island, Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia." Ocean Life 1, no. 1 (2017): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/oceanlife/o010105.
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Gumbira RWW, Rizkia F, Pribadi TDK, Hidayat MS. 2017. Threat of blast fishing on coral diversity in Peucang Island National Park, Indonesia. Ocean Life 1: 26-31. As a maritime country with high biodiversity, the health of Indonesian coral reefs is of high concern. Coral reef ecosystems are friable, and mortality occurs relatively quickly after disturbance, not only by nature but also by human activities such as fish bombing. Fish bombing is a big issue that has always threatened coral reefs, including in Peucang Island, part of Ujung Kulon National Park, a place that is protected by law to preserve its natural diversity. A study on coral coverage was conducted to observe the condition of corals and related biota in a coral reef ecosystem. Data was collected using Point Intercept Transect method in 2m and 8m depths. The results showed that coral coverage in 8-meter depth is only 44.02 percent of the live coral in 2-meter depth. The reduction in the value of Diversity Indices, Dominance Indices as well as the Evenness Index in all study sites led to low diversity, with no dominance by a particular species at any of the study sites. The results also showed that corals are well distributed in both depths. Over the past three years, the damage to corals in Peucang Island had generally increased by 0.7 percent due to fish bombing activities.
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Whitehouse, Hilary, Marie Taylor, Neus (Snowy) Evans, Tanya Doyle, Juanita Sellwood, and Ruth Zee. "A Sea Country Learning Partnership in Times of Anthropocenic Risk: Offshore Coral Reef Education and Our Story of Practice." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 33, no. 3 (2017): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2017.28.
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AbstractThis is a researched account of an offshore coral reef education partnership formed during a time of rapid environmental change (the coral bleaching events in the years 2015 to 2017). The aim of the partnership is to encourage a learning connection with Sea Country. Framed as civic environmentalism, this article explores the dimensions of practice between a reef tourism provider, local schools, a local university, and local Indigenous rangers that enables primary, secondary and university students, rangers, and educators to travel together on day trips to the outer Great Barrier Reef and islands and have immersive and sharing educational experiences. Offshore environmental education and higher quality marine education is increasingly important in the Anthropocene, when Australian reefs are subject to the pressures of climate change and other impacts other impacts that diminish their resilience.
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Garland, Katherine F., Stephanie E. Burnett, Lois B. Stack, and Donglin Zhang. "Minimum Daily Light Integral for Growing High-quality Coleus." HortTechnology 20, no. 5 (2010): 929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.5.929.
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Coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides) traditionally has been recommended as a shade plant, but many cultivars are also suitable for full sun. In regions of the country where light limits growth and photosynthesis, supplemental lights are used to increase daily light integral (DLI). Understanding the minimum DLI necessary to produce coleus would minimize supplemental lighting use, reducing costs and improving production sustainability. ‘Kong Red’ and ‘Wizard Coral Sunrise’ coleus were grown in a greenhouse under a 12-hour photoperiod and a mean DLI of 2.9, 3.8, 5.8, or 10.0 mol·m−2·d−1 to determine the lowest light level needed to produce high-quality plants. After 8 weeks, both cultivars had a 4.2-fold increase in shoot dry weight as DLI increased from 2.9 to 10.0 mol·m−2·d−1. Plants grown under 10.0 mol·m−2·d−1 were 22% to 25% taller and 18% to 21% wider compared with those grown under 2.9 mol·m−2·d−1. ‘Kong Red’ had 3.6 times as many branches and ‘Wizard Coral Sunrise’ had over twice as many branches when grown under 10.0 mol·m−2·d−1 compared with those grown under the lowest DLI. Leaf counts for both cultivars were 64% greater when grown under the highest DLI compared with those produced under the lowest DLI; leaf area for both cultivars was also positively correlated with DLI. Leaves of both cultivars had significantly more green area (i.e., less variegation) when grown under lower DLIs. Overall, both cultivars exhibited a more dense growth habit and greater degree of variegation when grown under the highest DLI. Therefore, we recommend growing ‘Kong Red’ and ‘Wizard Coral Sunrise’ coleus under a minimum DLI of 10.0 mol·m−2·d−1.
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Erviana, Renanda Nur, Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo, and Supriharyono Supriharyono. "Class Conservation Morfologi Karang berdasarkan Kedalaman pada Struktur Terumbu Karang di Pulau Kemujan dan Pulau Sintok, Karimunjawa, Jawa Tengah Coral Morphology Class Conservation Based on Depth of Coral Reef Structure in Kemujan and Sintok Islands, Karimunjawa, Central Java." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 9, no. 2 (2020): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v9i2.27768.
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ABSTRAKKemujan dan Sintok merupakan pulau yang termasuk ke dalam zona pemanfaatan sebagai wisata bahari dan memiliki keanekaragaman bentuk pertumbuhan karang yang tinggi. Bentuk pertumbuhan karang dibedakan menjadi karang acropora dan non-acopora dengan perbedaan morfologi seperti tipe branching, massive, encruisting, foliose, dan digitae. Analisis morfologi karang sebagai pendukung status penutupan karang dapat mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang sesuai class conservation. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui kualitas perairan, struktur terumbu karang, morfologi karang berdasarkan class conservation dan pengaruh kedalaman terhadap struktur serta morfologi karang di Pulau Kemujan dan Sintok. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) dengan menggunakan transek sepanjang 30 meter. Data yang diambil adalah parameter kualitas perairan dan foto underwater karang. Data hasil penelitian diolah menggunakan aplikasi CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions) dan uji non parametrik dengan SPSS serta dianalisis menggunakan diagram r-K-S. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas perairan pada lokasi penelitian masih dalam keadaan normal. Persentase kelimpahan karang hidup termasuk dalam kategori sedang sampai dengan sangat baik yaitu berkisar 25,56 -76,22%. Persentase morfologi karang berdasarkan Class conservation secara umum memiliki dominasi kelompok kompetitors (K) atau CC=2 yang berkisar 48,72 – 76,5%, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pada lokasi penelitian didominasi karang bentuk branching maupun foliose serta tidak ada pengaruh signifikan kedalaman air terhadap morfologi karang. ABSTRACTKemujan and Sintok are islands in the utilization zone as marine tourism and have high diversity of coral growth forms. The coral’s life form can be grouped into acropora and non-acopora corals with morphological differences such as branching, massive, encruisting, foliose, and digitae types. Morphological analysis of corals as supporting the status of coral cover can determine the condition of coral reefs according to class conservation. The purpose of this study are to determine the quality of the waters, the structure of coral reefs, coral morphology based on class conservation and the influence of depth on the structure and morphology of corals in Kemujan and Sintok Islands. Data collection was carried out in November 2019. The research method used was the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method using a 30 meter transect. The data collected the parameters of water quality and underwater coral photos. The research data were processed using the CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions) application and non-parametric tests with SPSS and analyzed using the r-K-S diagram. The results showed that the water quality at the study area was still in a normal condition. However, there was no significant effect of water depth on coral morphology. The percentage of live coral abundance was included in the moderate to very good category, ranging from 25.56 to 76.22%. Percentage of coral morphology based on Class conservation generally has a predominance of competitor groups (K) or CC = 2 ranging from 48.72 - 76.5%. Moreover, the results show that based on the coral growth forms at the study sites were dominated by branching and foliose corals and there was no significant effect of water depth on coral morphology.
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Raoult, Vincent, Peter A. David, Sally F. Dupont, et al. "GoPros™ as an underwater photogrammetry tool for citizen science." PeerJ 4 (April 25, 2016): e1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1960.
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Citizen science can increase the scope of research in the marine environment; however, it suffers from necessitating specialized training and simplified methodologies that reduce research output. This paper presents a simplified, novel survey methodology for citizen scientists, which combines GoPro imagery and structure from motion to construct an ortho-corrected 3D model of habitats for analysis. Results using a coral reef habitat were compared to surveys conducted with traditional snorkelling methods for benthic cover, holothurian counts, and coral health. Results were comparable between the two methods, and structure from motion allows the results to be analysed off-site for any chosen visual analysis. The GoPro method outlined in this study is thus an effective tool for citizen science in the marine environment, especially for comparing changes in coral cover or volume over time.
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Zullo, Victor A., and Roger W. Portell. "A new species of Eoceratoconcha Newman and Ladd, 1974 (Cirripedia, Archaeobalanidae) from the Pliocene of Florida." Journal of Paleontology 65, no. 2 (1991): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000020503.
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The coral-inhabiting archaeobalanid barnacle genus Eoceratoconcha Newman and Ladd, 1974, previously known only from the middle Miocene of Trinidad and questionably from the lower Miocene of Jamaica, is represented by a new species, E. weisbordi, in the coral Solenastrea bournoni Milne-Edwards and Haime from the upper Pliocene Pinecrest beds of Sarasota County, Florida. The new species differs from Miocene species of Eoceratoconcha in its larger overall size and more subdued wall plate ribbing, and is further distinguished from the type species, E. kugleri Newman and Ladd, in having a well-developed scutal adductor ridge and conspicuous tergal depressor muscle crests. The opercular morphology of E. weisbordi further supports the proposal of Newman and Ladd (1974) that Eoceratoconcha is ancestral to the pyrgomatid genus Ceratoconcha Kramberger-Gorjanovic.
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Nguyen-Kim, Hanh, Yvan Bettarel, Thierry Bouvier, et al. "Coral Mucus Is a Hot Spot for Viral Infections." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 17 (2015): 5773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00542-15.
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ABSTRACTThere is increasing suspicion that viral communities play a pivotal role in maintaining coral health, yet their main ecological traits still remain poorly characterized. In this study, we examined the seasonal distribution and reproduction pathways of viruses inhabiting the mucus of the scleractiniansFungia repandaandAcropora formosacollected in Nha Trang Bay (Vietnam) during an 11-month survey. The strong coupling between epibiotic viral and bacterial abundance suggested that phages are dominant among coral-associated viral communities. Mucosal viruses also exhibited significant differences in their main features between the two coral species and were also remarkably contrasted with their planktonic counterparts. For example, their abundance (inferred from epifluorescence counts), lytic production rates (KCN incubations), and the proportion of lysogenic cells (mitomycin C inductions) were, respectively, 2.6-, 9.5-, and 2.2-fold higher in mucus than in the surrounding water. Both lytic and lysogenic indicators were tightly coupled with temperature and salinity, suggesting that the life strategy of viral epibionts is strongly dependent upon environmental circumstances. Finally, our results suggest that coral mucus may represent a highly favorable habitat for viral proliferation, promoting the development of both temperate and virulent phages. Here, we discuss how such an optimized viral arsenal could be crucial for coral viability by presumably forging complex links with both symbiotic and adjacent nonsymbiotic microorganisms.
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A. Maynard, J., K. R. N. Anthony, S. Afatta, L. F. Anggraini, D. Haryanti, and A. Ambariyanto. "Rock anchoring in Karimun Jawa, Indonesia: Ecological impacts and management implications." Pacific Conservation Biology 14, no. 4 (2008): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc080242.
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Coral reefs everywhere are under increasing pressure from a suite of stressors. Recently, threats associated with climate change have been brought closer into focus and now dominate discussions and debate relating to the coral reef crisis (Hughes et al. 2003, Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007). Indeed, mitigating local stressors on coral reefs has been given less priority and publicity than the global need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Interestingly though, recent surveys demonstrate that most reef scientists agree that coral reefs are under greater threat from impacts associated with human population growth, coastal development, and overfishing than from global climate change (Kleypas and Eakin 2007). This is especially true for the reefs in SE Asia and the Pacific, which make up the bulk of the reefs in the world (Bryant et al. 1998). In these areas, regulations to ensure that anthropogenic activities near and on coral reefs are conducted sustainably, such as development, sanitation, fishing and even tourism; either do not exist or are rarely enforced due to a lack of resources. Here, we present one such example from Indonesia, one of the most densely populated countries in the world, a country where over 60% of the population relies in some way on marine resources.
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Suharsono. "OVERVIEW OF THE SUCCESSFUL CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA." Marine Research in Indonesia 35, no. 1 (2010): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v35i1.477.
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Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, composed of 18,110 islands with a coastline of 108,900 km long, extending some 5000 km long and 2000 km wide located between Asia and Australia. Coral reefs have important meaning and value for the coastal communities in term of economic, social, and cultural conditions. About 1.5 million people are traditional fishermen who live in subsistence level and depend on their lives fully on coral reefs' resources. The Indonesian coral reef contributed 14% of the world, distributed unevenly from Sabang to Merauke with the highest concentration around Sulawesi and Maluku. The species richness and the biodiversity of the Indonesian corals amounted to 590 species belonging to 82 genera or about 80% of the currently existing coral species in the world. Monitoring program has been done from 1993 to 2010 and it shows the trend of improvement in the term of live coral cover. The condition of coral reefs in Indonesia taken from 84 locations and 1048 sites were 50.54% in excellent condition, 26.72% in good condition, 37.21% in fair condition, and 30.82% in bad condition. Improving trends in live coral cover across all project sites shows that the live coral covers has increased in all monitored sites across all project districts with average yearly live coral coverage increase is about 2-5%. The National Policy, Strategy, and Action Plan was established, with its main objective of managing the coral reef ecosystems based on the balance between conservation and utilization, and it was reflected in the Law No. 27 of 2007 concerning coastal management and small islands. The most remarkable result of the program is community awareness, namely the decrease of fishing activities shows that the destructive fishing activities in all project district are now non-existent of at a minimal level. A special text books on marine lives for elementary, secondary, and high school is the most widely adopted by local education service as a book of local content. Whereas institutional strengthening program constitutes the most difficult, energy and time consuming activities. It is due to the rivaly between the local institution and the lac of officials' and the communities' knowledge on the conservation based management principle.
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Howlett, Samantha J., Richard Stafford, Matt Waller, Sylvanna Antha, and Christophe Mason-Parker. "Linking Protection with the Distribution of Grouper and Habitat Quality in Seychelles." Journal of Marine Biology 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7851425.
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Marine protected areas can be designated for a number of reasons, but exactly how they provide benefits is only recently being understood. We assessed the effect of protection on the size and distribution of six common species of grouper in a coral reef ecosystem. Data on live coral cover, coral genus diversity, and coral colony structure type were also compared to give an indication of reef quality between sites. A significant interaction was found forAethaloperca rogaaandCephalopholis nigripinnis, indicating that protected areas held greater numbers of smaller and median sized fish of these species than unprotected areas. Similar but nonsignificant trends were found forCephalopholis miniataandCephalopholis argus. ForAnyperodon leucogrammicus, MPAs held significantly more fish than unprotected sites, but as the increase was equal between size categories there was no interaction. The last speciesEpinephelus fasciatus,which was one of the smallest species, had no significant interaction, similar mean counts between protected and unprotected areas, and no obvious strong favouritism for particular sites with values indicating better reef quality, indicating intraspecies competition. The results of this study indicate that while the MPAs in this study are likely too small to benefit large groupers, the improvements to habitat quality have indirect benefits to groupers, especially at their earlier life stages.
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Hendee, James, Natchanon Amornthammarong, Lewis Gramer, and Andrea Gomez. "A novel low-cost, high-precision sea temperature sensor for coral reef monitoring." Bulletin of Marine Science 96, no. 1 (2020): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0050.
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The role of elevated sea temperatures in coral bleaching has been well documented. Many of the sea temperature records utilized for purposes of widespread, multi-species bleaching predictions in recent publications have been acquired through satellite remote sensing. Satellites estimate sea temperatures at only a narrow range of depths near the surface of the ocean and may therefore not adequately represent the true temperatures endured by the world's coral ecosystems. To better characterize sea temperature regimes that coral reef ecosystems experience, as well as better define the individual thresholds for each species that bleaches, in situ sea temperature sensors are required. Commercial sensors are expensive in large quantities, however, reducing the capacity to conduct large- scale research programs to elucidate the range of significant scales of temperature variability. At the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), we designed a low-cost (roughly US$9 in parts) and high- precision sea temperature sensor that uses an Arduino microprocessor board and a high accuracy thermistor. This new temperature sensor autonomously records temperatures onto a memory chip and provides better accuracy (+0.05 °C) than a comparable commercial sensor (+0.2 °C). Moreover, it is not difficult to build; anyone who knows how to solder can build the temperature sensor. In March 2019, students at middle and high schools in Broward County, Florida, built close to 60 temperature sensors. During 2019, these sensors will be deployed by Reef Check, a global-scale coral reef monitoring organization, as well as by other programs to determine worldwide sea temperature regimes through the Opuhala Project (https://www. coral. noaa. gov/opuhala). This paper chronicles results from the initial proof-of-concept deployments for these AOML-designed sensors.
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Ramsay, Hamish A., Michael B. Richman, and Lance M. Leslie. "Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Predictions Using Optimized Combinations of ENSO Regions: Application to the Coral Sea Basin." Journal of Climate 27, no. 22 (2014): 8527–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00017.1.
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Abstract This study examines combining ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) regions for seasonal prediction of Coral Sea tropical cyclone (TC) frequency. The Coral Sea averages ~4 TCs per season, but is characterized by strong interannual variability, with 1–9 TCs per season, over the period 1977–2012. A wavelet analysis confirms that ENSO is a key contributor to Coral Sea TC count (TCC) variability. Motivated by the impact of El Niño Modoki on regional climate anomalies, a suite of 38 linear models is constructed and assessed on its ability to predict Coral Sea seasonal TCC. Seasonal predictions of TCC are generated by a leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV). An important finding is that models made up of multiple tropical Pacific SST regions, such as those that comprise the El Niño Modoki Index (EMI) or the Trans-Niño Index (TNI), perform considerably better than models comprising only single regions, such as Niño-3.4 or Niño-4. Moreover, enhanced (suppressed) TC activity is expected in the Coral Sea when the central Pacific is anomalously cool (warm) and the eastern and western Pacific are anomalously warm (cool) during austral winter. The best cross-validated model has persistent and statistically significantly high correlations with TCC (r > 0.5) at lead times of ~6 months prior to the mean onset of the Coral Sea TC season, whereas correlations based heavily on the widely used Niño-3.4 region are not statistically significant or meaningful (r = 0.09) for the same lead times. Of the 38 models assessed, several optimized forms of the EMI and of the TNI perform best.
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Obura, David O., Lionel Bigot, and Francesca Benzoni. "Coral responses to a repeat bleaching event in Mayotte in 2010." PeerJ 6 (August 2, 2018): e5305. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5305.
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Background High sea surface temperatures resulted in widespread coral bleaching and mortality in Mayotte Island (northern Mozambique channel, Indian Ocean: 12.1°S, 45.1°E) in April–June 2010. Methods Twenty three representative coral genera were sampled quantitatively for size class distributions during the peak of the bleaching event to measure its impact. Results Fifty two percent of coral area was impacted, comprising 19.3% pale, 10.7% bleached, 4.8% partially dead and 17.5% recently dead. Acropora, the dominant genus, was the second most susceptible to bleaching (22%, pale and bleached) and mortality (32%, partially dead and dead), only exceeded by Pocillopora (32% and 47%, respectively). The majority of genera showed intermediate responses, and the least response was shown by Acanthastrea and Leptastrea (6% pale and bleached). A linear increase in bleaching susceptibility was found from small colonies (<2.5 cm, 83% unaffected) to large ones (>80 cm, 33% unaffected), across all genera surveyed. Maximum mortality in 2010 was estimated at 32% of coral area or biomass, compared to half that (16%), by colony abundance. Discussion Mayotte reefs have displayed a high level of resilience to bleaching events in 1983, 1998 and the 2010 event reported here, and experienced a further bleaching event in 2016. However, prospects for continued resilience are uncertain as multiple threats are increasing: the rate of warming experienced (0.1 °C per decade) is some two to three times less than projected warming in coming decades, the interval between severe bleaching events has declined from 16 to 6 years, and evidence of chronic mortality from local human impacts is increasing. The study produced four recommendations for reducing bias when monitoring and assessing coral bleaching: coral colony size should be measured, unaffected colonies should be included in counts, quadrats or belt transects should be used and weighting coefficients in the calculation of indices should be used with caution.
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Alvarado, Juan José, Andrés Beita-Jiménez, Sebastián Mena, et al. "Cuando la conservación no puede seguir el ritmo del desarrollo: Estado de salud de los ecosistemas coralinos del Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 1-1 (2018): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i1.33300.
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Abstract: When conservation can keep up with development´s pace: Health status of coral ecosystems in the North Pacific of Costa Rica. Coral reefs are diverse and productive ecosystems, despite this, they are being threatened by human activities that enhance the detrimental impact of the natural phenomenon’s like Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB). The north Pacific of Costa Rica has been characterized as one of the best regions for the coral reefs development in the country. However, many of these ecosystems are being lost as a result of eutrophication, overfishing, invasive species and others impacts that affect the region. In the present study, live coral cover in the north Pacific was 5.0 ± 10.4(s.d.) %, with a domination in the ecosystems by turf algae. Twenty-six invertebrate taxa were registered in the region with the predominance of the sea urchin Diadema mexicanum. Ninety-four species of reef fish were identified. Snappers and some planktivores species were the groups with the highest frequency and abundance. The localities previously studied in the 1990 decade, presented a mean live coral cover between 40-50 %, whereby the actual state of the reef reflect a significant deterioration. This decline in coral cover is due to natural events like the El Niño, as well as the decrease in water quality in the region. In recent years, proliferations of the invasive seaweed Caulerpa sertularioides and high densities of bioerosive sea urchins have been reported, mainly associated with HAB events. Likewise, fish communities have low biomass, especially in the vicinity of fishing villages. The state of the reefs in the North Pacific is worrying and requires actions for its recovery and conservation, for which there must be better planning of the development of projects and activities on the coast. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(Suppl. 1): S280-S308. Epub 2018 April 01.
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Colomer Casamitjana, Joel. "Les activitats econòmiques dels jueus del comtat d'Empúries (1321-1325)." Mot so razo 16 (December 1, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33115/udg_bib/msr.v16i0.22217.
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The county of Empúries was undoubtedly one of the wealthier and more dynamic lands in the Crown of Aragon, and its capital, Castelló, enjoyed a period of splendour from the mid-13th century. The Jews were one of the groups that contributed to the economic and commercial growth, as this article analyses, focus-ing in particular on the Jewish community of Castelló and their role in the trade in cereals and coral. The data presented underlines the economic importance of this group, as well as their integration into the so-cial life of Castelló.
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Kornder, Niklas A., Jose Cappelletto, Benjamin Mueller, et al. "Implications of 2D versus 3D surveys to measure the abundance and composition of benthic coral reef communities." Coral Reefs 40, no. 4 (2021): 1137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02118-6.
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AbstractA paramount challenge in coral reef ecology is to estimate the abundance and composition of the communities residing in such complex ecosystems. Traditional 2D projected surface cover estimates neglect the 3D structure of reefs and reef organisms, overlook communities residing in cryptic reef habitats (e.g., overhangs, cavities), and thus may fail to represent biomass estimates needed to assess trophic ecology and reef function. Here, we surveyed the 3D surface cover, biovolume, and biomass (i.e., ash-free dry weight) of all major benthic taxa on 12 coral reef stations on the island of Curaçao (Southern Caribbean) using structure-from-motion photogrammetry, coral point counts, in situ measurements, and elemental analysis. We then compared our 3D benthic community estimates to corresponding estimates of traditional 2D projected surface cover to explore the differences in benthic community composition using different metrics. Overall, 2D cover was dominated (52 ± 2%, mean ± SE) by non-calcifying phototrophs (macroalgae, turf algae, benthic cyanobacterial mats), but their contribution to total reef biomass was minor (3.2 ± 0.6%). In contrast, coral cover (32 ± 2%) more closely resembled coral biomass (27 ± 6%). The relative contribution of erect organisms, such as gorgonians and massive sponges, to 2D cover was twofold and 11-fold lower, respectively, than their contribution to reef biomass. Cryptic surface area (3.3 ± 0.2 m2 m−2planar reef) comprised half of the total reef substrate, rendering two thirds of coralline algae and almost all encrusting sponges (99.8%) undetected in traditional assessments. Yet, encrusting sponges dominated reef biomass (35 ± 18%). Based on our quantification of exposed and cryptic reef communities using different metrics, we suggest adjustments to current monitoring approaches and highlight ramifications for evaluating the ecological contributions of different taxa to overall reef function. To this end, our metric conversions can complement other benthic assessments to generate non-invasive estimates of the biovolume, biomass, and elemental composition (i.e., standing stocks of organic carbon and nitrogen) of Caribbean coral reef communities.
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Pangestu, Dany, Ratih Suci Ramadhanti, and Ahmad Fadlan. "PEMETAAN POTENSI PEMUTIHAN KARANG DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS DATA SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT." Prosiding SNFA (Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Aplikasinya) 3 (February 28, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prosidingsnfa.v3i0.28512.
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<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong> Indonesia is the country that contributed the largest coral reefs, about 18% total of the entire the world. Area of coral reef in Indonesia known as the “Coral Triangle”. This ecosystem has high ecology and economic value. The existence of the coral reefs is the main attraction for a tourism destination. However, the function and role of these ecosystems are decreasing due to natural factors and artificial factors. One of the natural factors is due to the influence of global warmings, such as sea surface temperature (SST), causing damage and coral death, known as coral bleaching. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential for coral bleaching in Indonesian waters using SPL anomaly analysis obtained from monthly AVHRR POES in the morning and night. This research used hotspots data (HS) by calculating the average of data anomaly difference with a maximum monthly average data during 10 years (2006 - 2017). The results obtained show that areas that have the potential to become coral bleaching in Indonesian waters are quite varied. In general, it covers the northern coast of Banten, DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, East Java, the northwest coast of Lampung, Pekanbaru, and Riau, the northwest coast of Papua Island, and North Natuna waters. The results also showed that sea surface temperatures in Indonesian waters were quite influential on coral bleaching.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Indonesia merupakan negara penyumbang terumbu karang terbesar yaitu 18% dari total dunia. Wilayah terumbu karang di Indonesia dikenal dengan wilayah “<em>Coral Triangle</em>”. Ekosistem ini memiliki nilai ekologis dan ekonomis yang tinggi. Keberadaanya merupakan daya tarik tersendiri untuk dijadikan lokasi wisata. Namun, fungsi dan peranan ekosistem ini menurun akibat faktor alam dan faktor buatan. Salah satu faktor alamnya diakibatkan pengaruh pemanasan global yaitu naiknya suhu permukaan laut (SPL) sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan dan kematian karang atau dikenal sebagai pemutihan karang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi potensi terjadi pemutihan karang di wilayah perairan Indonesia menggunakan analisis anomali SPLyang diperoleh dari POES AVHRR pagi dan malam bulanan. Metode yang diugunakan mencari data hotspot (HS) dengan melakukan perhitungan rata rata selisih data anomali dengan data rata rata maksimum bulanan selama 10 tahun (2006 - 2017). Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa wilayah yang berpotensi menjadi pemutihan karang di perairan Indonesia cukup beravariasi. Secara umum meliputi meliputi pesisir utara dari Provinsi Banten, DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, pesisir barat laut Lampung ,Pekanbaru dan Riau, pesisir barat laut dari Pulau Papua, dan perairan Natuna Utara. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa suhu permukaan laut di perairan Indonesia cukup mempengaruhi pemutihan karang<strong>.</strong></p>
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Noonan, Kara R., and Michael J. Childress. "Association of butterflyfishes and stony coral tissue loss disease in the Florida Keys." Coral Reefs 39, no. 6 (2020): 1581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01986-8.
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AbstractSince 2014, stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) has rapidly spread throughout the Florida reef tract infecting and killing dozens of coral species. Previous studies have found that corallivorous fishes, such as butterflyfishes, are positively correlated with coral disease prevalence at both local and regional scales. This study investigates the association of SCTLD infection and butterflyfish abundance and behaviors on ten reefs in the middle Florida Keys. Divers conducted video surveys of reef fish abundance and disease prevalence in June 2017, 2018, and 2019; before, during, and after the outbreak of SCTLD infections. SCTLD prevalence increased from 3.2% in 2017 to 36.9% in 2018 and back to 2.7% in 2019. Butterflyfish abundances also showed a similar pattern with a twofold increase in abundance in 2018 over abundances in 2017 and 2019. To better understand the association of individual species of butterflyfishes and diseased corals, 60 coral colonies (20 healthy, 20 diseased, 20 recently dead) were tagged and monitored for butterflyfish activity using both diver-based AGGRA fish counts and 1-h time-lapse videophotography collected in the summers of 2018 and 2019. All reef fishes were more abundant on corals with larger surface areas of live tissue, but only the foureye butterflyfish preferred corals with larger surface areas of diseased tissues. Estimates of association indicate that foureye butterflyfish were found significantly more on diseased corals than either healthy or recently dead corals when compared with the other species of butterflyfishes. Foureye butterflyfish were observed to feed directly on the SCTLD line of infection, while other butterflyfish were not. Furthermore, association of foureye butterflyfish with particular diseased corals decreased from 2018 to 2019 as the SCTLD infections disappeared. Our findings suggest that foureye butterflyfish recruit to and feed on SCTLD-infected corals which may influence the progression and/or transmission of this insidious coral disease.
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Moran, PJ, and G. De'ath. "Suitability of the manta tow technique for estimating relative and absolute abundances of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci L. ) and corals." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 2 (1992): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9920357.
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The manta tow technique has been used mainly for broad-scale surveys of large coral reef systems. The present study comprised two separate investigations of the technique. One involved investigating its repeatability by comparing the performance of three observers towed together along a reef. The other compared the counts of crown-of-thorns starfish from manta tow and SCUBA swim surveys undertaken within 30 large areas on eight reefs. Overall, the technique was found to be highly repeatable, particularly for crown-of-thorns starfish and live coral cover. It was less repeatable for assessing the cover of dead coral, although this was still within acceptable limits. A strong statistical relationship (r2adj = 0.91) was found between the starfish counts obtained from manta tows and those obtained from SCUBA swim surveys. Consequently, the former can be calibrated to predict the latter. The crown-of-thorns starfish is known to be cryptic and to have an aggregated distribution. However, the present study showed that the manta tow technique is a reasonably accurate and cost-effective option for determining relative changes in the distribution and abundance of noncryptic starfish where the unit of interest is a whole reef (or a large part thereof). As a comparison, approximately 14 manta tows (each lasting 2 min) will give the same level of accuracy as 10 SCUBA swim surveys of the same fixed area. The sensitivity of the manta tow technique in detecting relative changes in abundance will depend on the number of tows that are conducted. As a guide, however, a typical manta tow survey (involving approximately 50-60 tows) is capable of detecting a 20% change in the abundance of an out-breaking population of crown-of-thorns starfish. Given these findings, the manta tow technique also may be useful for assessing relative changes in the distribution and abundance of other organisms.
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Plusquellec, Yves, Sylvain Desbiens, and Rémy Gourvennec. "Procteria (Pachyprocteria) vermifera n. sp., an unusual Hicetes-bearing species of tabulate coral from the lower Eifelian of the Gaspé Sandstones Group, Rimouski County (Quebec, Canada)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, no. 12 (2011): 1530–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e11-058.
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Procteria (Pachyprocteria) vermifera n. sp. is described from the upper part of the York River Formation (Gaspé Sandstones Group), lower Eifelian (brachiopod Amphigenia Zone), Rimouski County (Quebec, Canada). This new species is considered part of a new lineage of Pachyprocteria characterized by the presence of interstitial corallites. This study reveals for the first time that the granules on the lower (proximal) side are distributed irregularly, their density being higher in the central area of this side than at the periphery. The unusual association of the tabulate coral Procteria (Pachyprocteria) with the “worm” Hicetes is pointed out. The record of the new species adds to the known paleogeographic distribution of Pachyprocteria in North America (Laurussia).
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Januardi, Rio, Agus Hartoko, and Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo. "ANALISIS HABITAT DAN PERUBAHAN LUASAN TERUMBU KARANG DI PULAU MENJANGAN BESAR, KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 5, no. 4 (2016): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v5i4.14435.
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ABSTRAK Perairan Indonesia menyimpan keanekaragaman hayati laut karang tertinggi, diperkirakan luas ekosistem terumbu karang Indonesia mencapai 50.000 km2 yaitu 25 persen dari luas terumbu karang dunia. Penggunaan teknologi penginderaan jauh merupakan salah satu alternatif yang tepat untuk mendeteksi terumbu karang bagi negara yang mempunyai wilayah yang sangat luas dan memerlukan waktu yang relatif singkat serta biaya murah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis, kondisi, perubahan luasan dan tingkat akurasi monitoring terumbu karang di Pulau Menjangan Besar menggunakan citra satelit Landsat 8. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2015-Januari 2016 di Pulau Menjangan Besar dan di Laboratorium Marine Geometric Center, Jurusan Perikanan UNDIP. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode eksploratif untuk mengetahui jenis dan kondisi terumbu karang menggunakan metode Line Intersept Transect dan metode koreksi kolom air atau Lyzenga. Hasil penelitian menemukan kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Menjangan Besar masih dalam kondisi baik dengan persentase penutupan karang sebesar 51,6 persen. Jenis terumbu karang yang terdapat di Pulau Menjangan Besar yaitu Acropora sp, Stylopora sp, Porites sp, Favia sp, Heliopora sp, Euphylia sp, Pocilopora sp, Goniopora sp dan Favites sp dengan nilai keaneragaman sebesar 1.28 tergolong sedang/moderat dan nilai dominasi sebesar 0.58. Terumbu karang mengalami penurunan luasan sebesar 7,92 Ha dari tahun 2013-2015. Tingkat akurasi penggunaan citra satelit Landsat 8 yaitu 81,25 persen. Kata kunci :Persentase penutupan karang; Luasan habitat; Menjangan Besar; Penginderaan jauh ABSTRACTThe ocean of Indonesia has the highest biodiversity of Coral Reef, the extent of Indonesian’s coral reefs widely predicted 50.000 km2 which is about 25% of the world’s. The use of remote sensing technology is one the alternatives that is appropriate for the detection of coral reefs for a country that has a very wide area and requires a relatively short time and reasonable cost. This study aimed to determine the type; condition; changes in the area; and the level of monitoring coral reefs accuracy in Menjangan Besar Island used Landsat 8 satellite. The study was conducted on November 2015 until January 2016 in Menjangan Besar Island and the Marine Geometric Center, Fisheries Department at Diponegoro University. This research uses an explorative method to determine the type and condition of coral reefs using line intercept transect method and correction on water column method or Lyzenga. The result of this research is the condition of coral reefs in Menjangan Besar in the good condition with the cover percentage of coral at 51.6%. The species of Coral reefs in Menjangan Besar are identified as Acropora sp, Stylopora sp, Porites sp, Favia sp, Heliopora sp, Euphylia sp, Pocilopora sp, Goniopora sp and Favites sp with the value of diversity about 1.28 classified as moderate and the value of dominance of 0.58. The coral reef area decreased by 7.92 ha of the year 2013 to 2015. The accuracy level used Landsat 8 imagery satellite is 81.25%. This level of accuracy using Landsat 8 satellite imagery is 81.25%. Keywords :Percentages of coral reef cover; Extents habitat; Menjangan Besar; Remote sensing.
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Eagleson, Ryan G., John S. Lumsden, Lorenzo Álvarez-Filip, Christophe M. Herbinger, and Ryan A. Horricks. "Coverage Increases of Porites astreoides in Grenada Determined by Shifts in Size-Frequency Distribution." Diversity 13, no. 7 (2021): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13070288.
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Despite coral community collapse, the mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) is a species currently experiencing success throughout the Caribbean. The inshore reefs of Grenada were selected to study the influence of benthic factors on the abundance, size, and coverage of P. astreoides colonies. Surveys of reef communities along established 30 m transects were conducted at eight sites in 2014 and 2017 using a 0.5 m² quadrat. Coral Point Count was used to annotate the images, estimating the coverage of scleractinian corals, sponges, algae, and benthic substrates. Coverage, size, and abundance of P. astreoides colonies were quantified using the area measurement tool in ImageJ standardized against the quadrats. There were significant differences in benthic community assemblages between islands, selected sites, and between years. From 2014 to 2017 there was a significant decrease in the mean abundance of P. astreoides colonies and significant increases in mean colony size and coverage. The presence of P. astreoides colonies was significantly correlated with: rubble (−), sand (−); pavement (+); macroalgae (−); coralline algae (+); sponges (varying response); gorgonians (−); massive corals (+); and branching corals (−). P. astreoides follows similar recruitment patterns as other scleractinian corals. Observed changes in P. astreoides populations appear to indicate a recovery event following a disturbance, potentially tropical storm Chantal in 2013.
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Wilson, Edward C. "Permian corals from the Spring Mountains, Nevada." Journal of Paleontology 65, no. 5 (1991): 727–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000037732.
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Rugose and tabulate corals from the Lower Permian (Wolfcampian, Leonardian) Bird Spring Group in the Lee Canyon section of the Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, are referred to eight genera and ten species. New taxa are Fomichevella nevadensis n. sp., F. waltersi n. sp., Mccloudius parvus n. sp., and Paraheritschioides richi n. sp. The fauna is most similar to the shelf fauna in eastern Nevada, but there are significant similarities to corals from the Antler Highland embayments of central Nevada and southern Idaho and to faunas of the same age in northern California and northern British Columbia. The paleogeography is interpreted as shallow water near the east side of the mouth of a south-opening coastal sea, bordered on the east by the continent and on the west by the Antler Highland. Corals migrated south along the western shores of the Antler Highland and mixed with the shelf fauna, perhaps with some corals crossing from Tethys to the coast. The modern eastern Pacific tropical coral faunas, which have several hermatypic coral genera and species derived from the western Pacific in the Pleistocene, may occupy a somewhat similar geography near the mouth of the modern Gulf of California.
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Smith, Andrew, Douglas Helton, and Ian Zelo. "Developing a Database to Support and Prioritize the Removal of Abandoned Vessels Impacting Coral Resources1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (2003): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-575.
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ABSTRACT Derelict and abandoned vessels pose significant threats to coral ecosystems by releasing pollutants, physically destroying habitat, and causing algal blooms through iron deposition. Each of these threats has been anecdotally documented in the recent academic literature and popular press, but the scale and scope of the problem is poorly understood because of reporting inconsistencies at the local level and the lack of data collection and analysis at the national level. NOAA's Damage Assessment Center is attempting to address these issues by creating a comprehensive database of abandoned vessels threatening coral reef ecosystems. While the program has assembled data for vessels across the entire United States and its territories, it is also distributing the data to agencies across the country on CD and through its website. Additionally, the website contains a tool for collecting data from those who log on who have information about vessels both recorded and new to the database.
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Umboh, Ivonne Angelic, and Vincent Didiek Wiet Aryanto. "Promoting Tourist Destination Image and Websites in North Sulawesi Indonesia." International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 4, no. 1 (2015): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2015010103.
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North Sulawesi's tourist destination image is imperative to be promoted to the rest of the world, it is one of the top ten tourist destination in Indonesia. The tourism objects in North Sulawesi are varying such as culinary, undersea coral diving in Bunaken and Lembe, festivals, rituals both Christian and Muslim, eco-tourism, mountain climbing, jungle explorer, variety of culture's ethnic groups, tropical panorama etc. North Sulawesi is also known to have abundant of spice (nutmeg) and one of the biggest sea coral treasures in the world. Promotion variables are composed of advertising, direct marketing, festivals, events and experiences, cooperation with other parties, promotion by word-of-mouth, and tourist destination websites. 310 foreign tourist visitors from various country of origin were drawn as sample in this study. This study reveals that foreign tourists image on promotion undertaken by the government as well as private tourism industries vary to each variable being used in this study.
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Sembiring, Ingrid, Adnan Sjaltout Wantasen, and Edmin L. A. Ngangi. "Kajian Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Dalam Pemanfaatan Terumbu Karang di Desa Tumbak Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara." JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 1, no. 1 (2012): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.1.1.2012.501.
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KAJIAN SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMANFAATAN TERUMBU KARANG DI DESA TUMBAK KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA Ingrid Sembiring1, Adnan S Wantasen2, Edwin LA Ngangi2 ABSTRACT Coral reefs in the coastal village of Tumbak an area used by the public as a source of life to fulfill their daily needs. Activities that primarily use is as a source of food and livelihood as most of the villagers through fishing activities for sale. In fact, the availability of coral reefs in the country has led to the use of excessive and damaging ecosystems not only as a source of food and fishery commodities but also its designation as a building material. The purpose of this study was (1) to find out the background of the societies in the village tumbak, (2) to find out the type of use of coral reefs that have been done by the community. Keywords : coral reefs, socio-economic. ABSTRAK Terumbu karang di pesisir pantai Desa Tumbak merupakan kawasan yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai sumber kehidupan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari. Kegiatan pemanfaatan yang terutama adalah sebagai sumber pangan dan sebagai mata pencaharian sebagian besar penduduk desa melalui kegiatan penangkapan ikan untuk dijual. Pada kenyataannya, ketersediaan terumbu karang di desa ini telah mendorong terjadinya pemanfaatan yang berlebihan dan bersifat merusak ekosistem tidak hanya sebagai sumber pangan dan komoditi perikanan tetapi juga peruntukannya sebagai bahan bangunan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengetahui latar belakang sosial ekonomi masyarakat di Desa Tumbak; (2) Mengetahui jenis pemanfaatan terumbu karang yang telah dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Kata kunci : terumbu karang, sosial-ekonomi. 1 Mahasiswa Pacasarjana Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado 2 Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi