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Journal articles on the topic 'Combinatio'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kovalev, V. A., and A. I. Pestunov. "Modelling of the Optimal Risks Combinatio for Non-Repeated Decision-Making in Enterpreneurship." Vestnik NSUEM, no. 2 (July 6, 2020): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/2073-6495-2020-2-271-281.

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We analyze a problem of formalization a non-repeated decision-making in entrepreneurship when there are exist alternatives with negative outcomes, or losses, one among which does not have dangerous consequences. We consider a problem of modelling the subset of alternatives as variants of risks combinations, in particular, the choice of an optimal variant of the alternative. The proposed model may be exploited for formal justification of the alternative choice during the early stages of non-repeated.

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2

Szerszunowicz, Joanna. "Stałe połączenia wyrazowe oznaczające proces umierania w języku polskim i włoskim." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 5 (2005): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2005.05.09.

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The paper discusses fixed units, raging from non-idiomatic phraseological units to idioms, naming death in Polish and Italian. Two corpora of word combinations have been excerpted from lexicographic works in order to conduct the analysis covering the following aspect: motivation, stylistics, axiology, semantics with a special focus on specifying function of the units, equivalence. The stylistics of the units vary greatly, since their functions range from elevation of the death to its depreciating, which results from the fact that word combinations perform a variety of psychological functions. The vast majority of the word combinatio ns excerpted appear in both languages, since either they are of Christian, especially biblical, or mythological origins. Other units belonging to the group are those reflecting common observations of the process of dying as well as the funeral culture. Therefore, the idioms belonging to the group are word combinations of a high degree of translatability. In many cases such idioms appear not only in Polish and Italian, but in other languages as well,, since they are of international character. However, there are units appearing only in one of the languages, i.e. either Polish or Italian. Some of them are products of metaphorical thinking specific to the nation, others base on word play. Moreover, certain idioms have a cultural motivation of national character, for instance they refer to the element of reality important only in a given culture or the key component is a proper name of national importance.

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3

Kotovskaya, Yu V., N. К. Runikhina, and V. S. Ostapenko. "COMBINATION ANTIHYPERTENSION THERAPY: THE “UNDERRESEARCHED” COMBINATIONS." Russian Journal of Cardiology, no. 5 (January 1, 2017): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2017-5-132-139.

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4

Cheng, Lan, and Xuguang Simon Sheng. "Combination of “combinations of p values”." Empirical Economics 53, no. 1 (February 11, 2017): 329–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-017-1230-9.

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5

Quiñones Rodríguez, Yarisel, Juan Pablo Morillo-Baro, Rafael E. Reigal, Verónica Morales-Sánchez, Juan Antonio Vázquez-Diz, and Antonio Hernández-Mendo. "El juego combinativo ofensivo en el balonmano de élite: diferencias por género mediante análisis de coordenadas polares." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 20, no. 1 (November 19, 2019): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/cpd.398741.

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El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar mediante el análisis de coordenadas polares la eficacia de las conductas que se muestran durante el juego combinativo ofensivo en el balonmano de élite masculino y femenino en España. Se observaron 10 equipos pertenecientes a la Liga ASOBAL en la categoría masculina y a la Copa La Reina en la femenina. Se utilizó una herramienta observacional ad hoc de 12 criterios y 62 categorías con un diseño observacional Nomotético/Puntual/Multidimensional. La unidad de análisis fue el ataque posicional. Se seleccionaron cuatro conductas focales: los medios tácticos colectivos simples, la combinación de los medios tácticos, las transformaciones y el lanzamiento ventajoso. Se realizó un análisis de coordenadas polares con el software HOISAN considerando significativos los módulos ≥1.96. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias en el flujo de comportamientos entre el juego femenino y masculino. La categoría femenina con acentuadas acciones en la zona derecha del terreno. Los resultados más consistentes concuerdan con los primeros cuarenta minutos de juego y con la utilización de los medios tácticos colectivos simples y las combinaciones. En la categoría masculina se evidenció buen desempeño táctico durante todo el tiempo de juego. La combinación de los medios tácticos colectivos mostró una relación directa con el triunfo. En ambas categorías la transformación de los sistemas induce las finalizaciones en lanzamientos forzados. Las diferencias sugieren intervenir en la preparación de ambas categorías con una orientación específica hacia las mejoras en el desempeño del juego posicional combinativo. The aim of this study was analyse by means of polar coordinate analysis the efficacy of the behaviors shown during offensive combinative game in elite male and female handball in Spain. Ten teams belonging to the ASOBAL League were observed in the male category and to the Queen's Cup in the female category. An ad hoc observational tool of 12 criteria and 62 categories with a Nomothetic/Punctual/Multidimensional observational design was used. The unit of analysis was the positional attack. Four focal behaviours were selected: simple collective tactical means, combination of tactical means, transformations and advantageous launchs. An analysis of polar coordinates was carried out with the HOISAN software, considering the modules ≥1.96 to be significant. The results showed differences in the flow of behaviors between the male and female game. The female category with accentuated actions in the right zone of the field. The most consistent results coincide with the first forty minutes of play and with the use of simple collective tactical means and combinations. In the male category, good tactical performance was evident throughout the game. The combination of the collective tactical means showed a direct relation with the victory. In both categories the transformation of the systems induces the completions in forced launchs. The differences suggest to intervene in the preparation of both categories with a specific orientation towards the improvements in the performance the combinative positional game. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, através de uma análise por coordenadas polares, a eficácia dos comportamentos demonstrados durante o jogo ofensivo combinado em andebol masculino e feminino de elite em Espanha. Foram observadas dez equipas pertencentes à Liga ASOBAL na categoria masculina e a Copa da Rainha na categoria feminina. Foi utilizada uma ferramenta observacional ad hoc de 12 critérios e 62 categorias com um desenho observacional Nomotético/Pontual/Pontual/Multidimensional. A unidade de análise foi o ataque posicional. Foram selecionados quatro comportamentos focais: meios táticos coletivos simples, combinação de meios táticos, transformações e arremesso vantajoso. Uma análise das coordenadas polares foi realizada com o software HOISAN, considerando os módulos ≥1.96 como significativos. Os resultados mostraram diferenças no fluxo de comportamentos entre o jogo feminino e o masculino. A categoria feminina com ações acentuadas na zona direita do campo. Os resultados mais consistentes coincidem com os primeiros quarenta minutos de jogo e com o uso de meios táticos coletivos simples e combinações. Na categoria masculina, o bom desempenho tático ficou evidente durante todo o jogo. A combinação dos meios táticos coletivos mostrou uma relação direta com a vitória. Em ambas as categorias a transformação dos sistemas induz as terminações em lançamentos forçados. As diferenças sugerem intervir na preparação de ambas as categorias com uma orientação específica para as melhorias no desempenho do jogo posicional combinado.

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6

Ali, Naseem, Arzoo Shamoon, Neelesh Yadav, and Tanuj Sharma. "Peptide Combination Generator: a Tool for Generating Peptide Combinations." ACS Omega 5, no. 11 (March 16, 2020): 5781–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b03848.

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7

Souček, Miroslav, Hana Nechutová, Jan Novák, and Ivan Řiháček. "Combination therapy for hypertension with a focus on fixed combinations." Interní medicína pro praxi 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/int.2017.011.

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8

Gilad, Yosi, Gary Gellerman, David M. Lonard, and Bert W. O’Malley. "Drug Combination in Cancer Treatment—From Cocktails to Conjugated Combinations." Cancers 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040669.

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It is well recognized today that anticancer drugs often are most effective when used in combination. However, the establishment of chemotherapy as key modality in clinical oncology began with sporadic discoveries of chemicals that showed antiproliferative properties and which as a first attempt were used as single agents. In this review we describe the development of chemotherapy from its origins as a single drug treatment with cytotoxic agents to polydrug therapy that includes targeted drugs. We discuss the limitations of the first chemotherapeutic drugs as a motivation for the establishment of combined drug treatment as standard practice in spite of concerns about frequent severe, dose limiting toxicities. Next, we introduce the development of targeted treatment as a concept for advancement within the broader field of small-molecule drug combination therapy in cancer and its accelerating progress that was boosted by recent scientific and technological progresses. Finally, we describe an alternative strategy of drug combinations using drug-conjugates for selective delivery of cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells that potentiates future improvement of drug combinations in cancer treatment. Overall, in this review we outline the development of chemotherapy from a pharmacological perspective, from its early stages to modern concepts of using targeted therapies for combinational treatment.

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9

Shelton, Richard C. "The return of fixed combinations in psychiatry: fluoxetine and olanzapine combination." Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management 2, no. 2 (April 2006): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.2006.2.2.187.

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10

S.Shantha, S. Shantha. "Dhana Yoga- The Combination For Prosperity." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2014/6.

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11

Mahammatov, Abdumannon, Azam Abdurakhimov, and Mingjigit Kholbekov. "Combination Of Music And Physical Education." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 03 (March 6, 2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/volume03issue03-02.

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12

Hoffmann, Gilbert H. "A combination conformal-transfinite mapping method for grids about fin-afterbody combinations." Applied Mathematics and Computation 22, no. 4 (June 1987): 309–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0096-3003(87)90075-0.

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13

Lockwood, Elise, Nicholas H. Wasserman, and William McGuffey. "Classifying Combinations: Investigating Undergraduate Students’ Responses to Different Categories of Combination Problems." International Journal of Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education 4, no. 2 (March 10, 2018): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40753-018-0073-x.

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14

Djalilovich, Tashbabaey Maksud. "Combination Of Modern Science And Artificial Intelligence." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 08 (August 31, 2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue08-06.

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This article deals with the scientific basis of the interrelationship between science and artificial intelligence at a time when scientific innovations are evolving rapidly. Besides there is also concept of research and future prospects in the field of artificial intelligence. How the revolutionary changes in science today will use the potential of artificial intelligence in the future shows the interdependence and prospects for the development of technology and human thinking.

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15

Leonova, Marina V. "Modern strategy in the treatment of arterial hypertension: combination therapy and fixed combinations." Consilium Medicum 23, no. 6 (2021): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2021.6.200942.

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The introduction of fixed combinations for the treatment of arterial hypertension (AH) is an effective strategy to address the public health burden of cardiovascular disease. This strategy is reflected in modern international guidelines for the treatment of AH and is supported by World Health Organization. The use of fixed combinations allows solving key practical problems to achieve better results and improve the prognosis of AH: ensuring the greatest decrease in blood pressure (BP) and a lower target BP level, shortening the time period for obtaining target BP, increasing adherence to treatment. Fixed combinations include classes of antihypertensive drugs, which, when combined, have an additive or synergistic effect in lowering BP, help to reduce/mitigate side effects, reduce the number of pills and increase patient adherence, solving the problem of polypharmacy. Single dosing per day of fixed combinations is another important benefit, providing adherence, longer duration of action, and reduced diurnal fluctuations in BP. The clinical benefits of fixed combinations have been confirmed in a number of large studies and meta-analyzes. The modern tactics of using fixed combinations provides for their use at different stages/degrees of BP increase. In this regard, fixed combinations with subtherapeutic, therapeutic and maximum therapeutic doses of components have been developed. For the use of fixed combinations as an initial therapy for AH, drugs with subtherapeutic doses of components that are not used in monotherapy are proposed. In such cases, thanks to the complementary selection of combined drugs, it is possible to achieve a more significant and timely BP reduction, with fewer side effects. Modern fixed combinations are based on three main classes of antihypertensive drugs – RAAS blockers (ACE inhibitors and ARBs), calcium antagonists and diuretics. There are 2 principal approaches to combinations: a combination of RAAS blockers with diuretics (diurethic-use) or a combination of RAAS blockers with calcium antagonists (diuretic-free). This preference is due to evidence-based medicine data, including questions of efficacy, tolerability, side effects, and confirmation in clinical trials. In the clinical guidelines for the treatment of hypertension, these combinations are considered preferred (evidence level A). Over time, more and more fixed combinations become generic and reliable generic combination drugs for the treatment of hypertension appear, which reduces the cost factor and makes the therapy economically acceptable.

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Oliveira, Cátia, Carlos Braga, and João Costa. "A rare congenital combination." Journal of Transcatheter Interventions 29 (August 23, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.31160/jotci202129a20210021.

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17

Wang, Jun, Xurong Dong, Wei Fu, Di Yan, and Zengkai Shi. "Optimization and selection of Galileo triple-frequency carrier linear combination." Measurement and Control 54, no. 1-2 (January 2021): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294020983386.

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The triple-frequency linear combination with a low noise, a long wavelength, and a weak ionosphere is beneficial to effectively eliminate or weaken the common errors, advance the reliability of cycle slip detection and repair, and speed up the convergence time of fixed ambiguity. By establishing the Galileo triple-frequency carrier linear combination model, three types of linear combinations are derived: Geometry-free (GF) combinations, minimum noise (MN) combinations, and ionosphere-free (IF) combinations. The geometric relationships of these linear combinations are displayed in the form of image. The results indicate that the angle formed by the IF combinations and the MN combinations is between 75.02° and 86.01°, which also illustrates that it is more difficult to meet the carrier phase combinations with a low noise and a weak ionosphere. Moreover, to guarantee the integer cycle characteristics of ambiguity, the combination coefficient must be an integer. Galileo triple-frequency linear combination is solved utilizing the extremum method. To sum up, the sum of the coefficients of the extra wide lane (EWL) combinations and wide lane (WL) combinations is zero, and the sum of the coefficients of the narrow lane (NL) combinations is one. (0, 1, −1) is the optimal triple-frequency linear combination in Galileo. Three independent linear combinations are selected separately from the EWL, WL, and NL to jointly solve the integer ambiguity. Further, it creates a prerequisite for high-precision and real-time kinematic positioning.

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18

Gagné, Christina L. "Relation-Based Combinations Versus Property-Based Combinations: A Test of the CARIN Theory and the Dual-Process Theory of Conceptual Combination." Journal of Memory and Language 42, no. 3 (April 2000): 365–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1999.2683.

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19

Ornellas, Sandro. "Infinito e segredo nas poéticas da combinação de Melo e Castro e de Herberto Helder / Infinite and Secret in the Poetics of Combination of Melo e Castro and Herberto Helder." Revista do Centro de Estudos Portugueses 40, no. 63 (April 8, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2359-0076.40.63.59-74.

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Resumo: A partir da colaboração entre Melo e Castro e Herberto Helder na direção do segundo número da revista PO.EX, de 1966, o texto propõe um diálogo entre os dois poetas quanto ao uso do método cibernético da combinação em suas poéticas. Toma-se inicialmente o contexto do pós-guerra, quando o método combinatório passa a ser chave de criação para os poetas. No fim do texto, chega-se à contemporaneidade, quando a tecnologia algorítmica parece controlar e conduzir destinos político-culturais. Nesse percurso, articulam-se algumas semelhanças e diferenças entre os usos da combinação pelos dois poetas, permitindo-nos pensar algumas contradições históricas na imbricação entre discurso poético e tecnologia, sendo infinito e segredo os elementos potencialmente políticos que as poéticas de Melo e Castro e Herberto Helder desenvolvem em suas combinações.Palavras-chave: infinito, segredo, combinação, Herberto Helder, Melo e Castro.Abstract: Based on the collaboration between Melo e Castro and Herberto Helder for the second issue of the PO.EX magazine, from 1966, the article proposes a dialogue between the two poets regarding the use of the cybernetic method of combination in their poetics. Initially, as of the post-war context, when the combinatorial method became the key of creation for some poets. In the conclusion, it reaches contemporary times, when algorithmic technology seems to control and drive political-cultural goals. Throughout the article, the author approaches some similarities and differences between the uses of the combination by the poets, enabling us to think some historical contradictions in the connection between poetic discourse and technology. This leads infinite and secret as potentially political elements in the Melo e Castro and Herberto Helder’s poetics of combination.Keywords: infinite, secret, combination, Herberto Helder, Melo e Castro.

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20

Vandermeulen, Corinne. "Combination of well-baby clinics and school vaccination." Central European Journal of Paediatrics 13, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5457/p2005-114.174.

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21

Romo, A. M., and A. Boratynski. "A new combination in Erica (Ericaceae)." Collectanea Botanica 29 (December 30, 2010): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2010.v29.009.

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22

Saisai Niu, Saisai Niu, Jianxin Shen Jianxin Shen, Wenhe Liao Wenhe Liao, Chun Liang Chun Liang, and Yunhai Zhang Yunhai Zhang. "Study on linear conjugated combination of Zernike modes." Chinese Optics Letters 11, no. 2 (2013): 022201–22203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.022201.

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23

Evans, Benjamin G. "Geoparks, coalfields and South Wales a sustainable combination?" Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 156, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2005/0156-0373.

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Flowers, R. W. "A review of the Neotropical genus Prionodera Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae) with description of a new genus." Zootaxa 631, no. 1 (September 7, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.631.1.1.

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The genus Prionodera Chevrolat is redescribed and Prionodera adiastola new species (type locality: Limacocha, Ecuador), P. arimanes new species (type locality: Beni, Bolivia), P. dichroma new species (type locality: Panam , Panam ), P. esmeralda new species (type locality: Alajuela, Costa Rica), P. furcada new species (type locality: Ipeti, Panam ), P. gaiophanes new species (type locality: Limacocha, Ecuador), and P. nila new species (type locality: Panam , Panam ) are described and illustrated. The genera Stenolampra Baly and Jodasia Bechyn are placed in synonymy with Prionodera. Redescriptions are given for Prionodera costata (Baly) new combination, P. cyanea (Lef vre), P. geniculata (Baly) new combination, P. kirschi (Lef vre) new combination, P. lutea Erichson, P. marshalli Lef vre, P. merana Bechyn , P. bicolor (Olivier) and P. peruviana (Bechyn ) new combination. Jodasia roseometallica Bechyn is placed in synonymy with P. merana. The species chloroptera Lef vre and ocanana Lef vre are transferred from Prionodera to Metaxyonycha Chevrolat new combinations and the species nixa Bechyn is transferred from Prionodera to Prionoderita new genus. A key is given to the species in the revised genus Prionodera.Resumen. Se describe de nuevo el g nero Prionodera Chevrolat, y las especies nuevas Prionodera adiastola (localidad del tipo: Limacocha, Ecuador), P. arimanes (localidad del tipo: Beni, Bolivia) , P. dichroma (localidad del tipo: Panam , Panam ), P. esmeralda (localidad del tipo: Alajuela, Costa Rica), P. furcada (localidad del tipo: Ipeti, Panam ), P. gaiophanes (localidad del tipo: Limacocha, Ecuador), y P. nila (localidad del tipo: Panam , Panam ) son descritas y ilustradas. Los g neros Stenolampra Baly y Jodasia Bechyn son sinonomizados con Prionodera. Se presenta nuevas descripciones para Prionodera costata (Baly) combinaci n nueva, P. cyanea (Lef vre), P. geniculata (Baly) combinaci n nueva, P. kirschi (Lef vre) combinaci n nueva, P. lutea Erichson, P. marshalli Lef vre, P. merana Bechyn , P. bicolor (Olivier) and P. peruviana (Bechyn ) combi- naci n nueva. Jodasia roseometallica Bechyn es sinonomizado con P. merana. Las especies chloroptera Lef vre y ocanana Lef vre son transferidas de Prionodera a Metaxyonycha Chevrolat combinaci n nueva y la especie nixa Bechyn es transferida de Prionodera a Prionoderita g nero nuevo. Se presenta una clave a las especies en el g nero revisado Prionodera.

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Bellone, Marco, and Pierluigi Sbarra. "A cost-minimization analysis of combination therapy in hypertension: fixed-dose vs extemporary combinations." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 14, no. 4 (December 18, 2013): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v14i4.886.

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BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease management and prevention represent the leading cost driver in Italian healthcare expenditure. In order to reach the target blood pressure, a large majority of patients require simultaneous administration of multiple antihypertensive agents.OBJECTIVE: To assess the economic impact of the use of fixed dose combinations of antihypertensive agents, compared to the extemporary combination of the same principles.METHODS: A cost minimization analysis was conducted to determine the pharmaceutical daily cost of five fixed dose combinations (olmesartan 20 mg + amlodipine 5 mg, perindopril 5 mg + amlodipine 5 mg, enalapril 20 mg + lercanidipine 10 mg, felodipine 5 mg + ramipril 5 mg, and delapril 30 mg + manidipine 10 mg) compared with extemporary combination of the same principles in the perspective of the Italian NHS. Daily acquisition costs are estimated based on current Italian prices and tariffs.RESULTS: In three cases the use of fixed‑dose combination instead of extemporary combination induces a lower daily cost. Fixed combination treatment with delapril 30 mg + manidipine 10 mg induces greater cost savings for the National Health System (95,47 €/pts/year), as compared to free drugs combination therapy.CONCLUSIONS: Compared with free drug combinations, fixed‑dose combinations of antihypertensive agents are associated with lower daily National Health Service acquisition costs.

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Schaffer, Michael, Shalini Chaturvedi, Cuc Davis, Regina Aquino, Emily Stepanchick, Matthias Versele, Yang Liu, Jennifer Yang, Rongzhen Lu, and Sriram Balasubramanian. "Identification of potential ibrutinib combinations in hematological malignancies using a combination high-throughput screen." Leukemia & Lymphoma 59, no. 4 (July 28, 2017): 931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2017.1349899.

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27

Freudenreich, O., and D. C. Goff. "Antipsychotic combination therapy in schizophrenia. A review of efficacy and risks of current combinations." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 106, no. 5 (October 4, 2002): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.01331.x.

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Ishak, J., M. Rael, H. Punzi, A. Gradman, M. Patel, S. Ali, W. Ferguson, and J. Neutel. "Additivity of Nebivolol/Valsartan Single-Pill Combination Versus Other Single-Pill Combinations for Hypertension." Journal of the American Society of Hypertension 10 (July 2016): e5-e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2016.06.018.

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29

Johnson, Victoria A. "Combination therapy for HIV-1 infection-overview: preclinical and clinical analysis of antiretroviral combinations." Antiviral Research 29, no. 1 (January 1996): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3542(95)00912-4.

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Chen-Chen, L., C. de Jesus Silva Carvalho, AV de Moraes Filho, JH Véras, CG Cardoso, EFLC Bailão, MA Spanó, and KS Cunha. "Toxicity and genotoxicity induced by abacavir antiretroviral medication alone or in combination with zidovudine and/or lamivudine in Drosophila melanogaster." Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 4 (December 14, 2018): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327118818248.

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Abacavir (ABC), zidovudine (AZT), and lamivudine (3TC) are nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) widely used as combination-based antiretroviral therapy against human immunodeficiency virus. Despite effective viral suppression using NRTI combinations, genotoxic potential of NRTIs can be increased when administered in combination. This study investigated the toxic and genotoxic potential of ABC when administered alone or in combination with AZT and/or 3TC using the somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster. This test simultaneously evaluated two events related to carcinogenic potential: mutation and somatic recombination. The results indicated that ABC was responsible for toxicity when administered alone or in combination with AZT and/or 3TC. In addition, all treatment combinations increased frequencies of mutation and somatic recombination. The combination of AZT/3TC showed the lowest genotoxic activity compared to all combinations with ABC. Therefore, our results indicated that ABC was responsible for a significant portion of genotoxic activity of these combinations. Somatic recombination was the main genetic event observed, ranging from 83.7% to 97.7%.

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Imanual, Sheeila Rani. "Comparison of Plain Bupivacaine, Bupivacaine-Butorphanol Combination and Bupivacaine-Fentanyl Combination for Post Operative Epidural Analgesia - A Tertiary Care Teaching Centre Experience." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 04 (April 8, 2017): 19946–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.36.

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Khalifa, Hazim O., Hidetaka Majima, Akira Watanabe, and Katsuhiko Kamei. "In Vitro Characterization of Twenty-One Antifungal Combinations against Echinocandin-Resistant and -Susceptible Candida glabrata." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7020108.

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This study was designed to analyze the interaction of 21 antifungal combinations consisting of seven major antifungal agents against 11 echinocandin- susceptible and six-resistant C. glabrata isolates. The combinations were divided into five major groups and were evaluated by checkerboard, disc diffusion, and time-killing assays. Synergy based on the fractional inhibitory concentration index of ≤0.50 was observed in 17.65–29.41% of the cases for caspofungin combinations with azoles or amphotericin B. Amphotericin B combination with azoles induced synergistic interaction in a range of 11.76–29.41%. Azole combinations and 5-flucytosine combinations with azoles or amphotericin B did not show synergistic interactions. None of the 21 combinations showed antagonistic interactions. Interestingly, 90% of the detected synergism was among the echinocandin-resistant isolates. Disk diffusion assays showed that the inhibition zones produced by antifungal combinations were equal to or greater than those produced by single drugs. The time-killing assay showed the synergistic action of caspofungin combination with fluconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole, and the amphotericin B-5-flucytosine combination. Furthermore, for the first time, this assay confirmed the fungicidal activity of caspofungin-voriconazole and amphotericin B-5-flucytosine combinations. The combination interactions ranged from synergism to indifference and, most importantly, no antagonism was reported and most of the synergistic action was among echinocandin-resistant isolates.

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Pavić, Zlatko, Shanhe Wu, and Štefanija Klarić. "Convex Combination Inequalities of the Line and Plane." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/916243.

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The paper deals with convex combinations, convex functions, and Jensen’s functionals. The main idea of this work is to present the given convex combination by using two other convex combinations with minimal number of points. For example, as regards the presentation of the planar combination, we use two trinomial combinations. Generalizations to higher dimensions are also considered.

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Athamna, Abed, Muhammad Athamna, Aburashed Nura, Eli Shlyakov, Darrin J. Bast, David Farrell, and Ethan Rubinstein. "Is In Vitro Antibiotic Combination More Effective than Single-Drug Therapy against Anthrax?" Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 4 (April 2005): 1323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.4.1323-1325.2005.

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ABSTRACT Antibiotic combinations are used to enhance antibacterial efficacy and to prevent the development of resistance. We have tested a possible synergistic effect of several antibacterial combinations on Bacillus anthracis. The in vitro activities of antibiotic combinations against two strains of B. anthracis, strain Sterne and the Russian anthrax vaccine strain STi, were tested by the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) method, derived from the MICs of the agents in combination, and by measuring the rate of bacterial killing over time by several antibiotic combinations. The FIC results showed that synergism against both B. anthracis strains was observed only with the combination of rifampin and clindamycin. The telithromycin-amoxicillin combination showed synergism against strain Sterne only. All other combinations were either indifferent or antagonistic. The results of the bacterial time-kill study demonstrated indifferent effects for all combinations. These in vitro results demonstrate the difficulties in obtaining synergistic combinations of antibiotics against B. anthracis.

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Pons Bordería, Salvador. "The combination of discourse markers in spontaneous conversations." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 53, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 121–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.00008.pon.

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Abstract This paper attempts to establish some basis for the combination of discourse markers in conversations. The analysis presented here will be based on Spanish spontaneous conversations and will make use of the Val.Es.Co model of discourse units developed in the last ten years (Briz et al. 2003; Grupo Val.Es.Co 2014) and a corpus of spontaneous conversations. As a result, patterns of combination of DMs will be established; some types of combinations will be described, and a distinction will be drawn between lexicalization of DMs, adjacency of DMs in two neighboring discourse units, and combination proper. In addition, some places are favored for the combination of discourse markers: the initial positions of the discourse units act and intervention. Binary combinations are preferred to ternary or 4-ary combinations. Finally, DMs with textual functions are preferred in the combinations studied when compared to modal or interpersonal DMs.

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Wadhwa, Anupama. "Intraoperative Intravenous Methadone and Ketamine Combination versus Intravenous Morphine and Ketamine Combination for Post-Operative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Lower Extremity Fracture Surgery." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 3, no. 4 (May 28, 2021): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/026.

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Background: Pain management for lower extremity fracture surgeries can be challenging. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of ketamine and methadone are more effective than ketamine and morphine to reduce postoperative pain and morphine requirements in patients undergoing lower extremity fracture surgery. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five patients 18-65 years of age, ASA class I-III, were enrolled in this study, which scheduled for elective lower extremity orthopedic surgery involving fracture of femur or tibia were recruited for the study. Thirty-eight randomized to the Methadone group and 37 randomized into the Morphine group. Participants were randomized to either one of the two groups: methadone (2ug/kg fentanyl, 0.2 mg/kg ketamine and 0.2 mg/kg methadone IV) versus control (2 ug/kg fentanyl, 0.2mg/kg ketamine and 0.2 mg/kg morphine IV). The primary outcome was total morphine equivalent (MEQ) during the first 24 and 48 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain scores in PACU, at 24 and 48 hours, as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Results: There was no difference in intraoperative consumption of fentanyl between the Methadone group 360mcg and Morphine group 344mcg. In the first 24 hours postoperatively, the Methadone group consumed less MEQ compared with the Morphine group (36.1 mg vs 54.8 mg, p=0.0072), showed lower pain scores than the Morphine group (p=0.0146), and experienced more nausea and vomiting than the Morphine group. There were no differences in sedation in both groups. Conclusion: The intraoperative use of intravenous methadone significantly reduced post-operative opioid requirement in patients undergoing lower extremity fracture surgery. The results also demonstrated the methadone group had a higher rate of PONV.

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Konradi, A. O. "Triple fixed combination for hypertension treatment — a green light in the new european Guidelines 2018." "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension") 24, no. 6 (January 26, 2019): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/1607-419x-2018-24-6-716-722.

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The majority of patients with stable arterial hypertension require combination therapy which is supported by the clinical evidence. The established target levels of blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg are challenging and demand multiple drug combinations in a single patient. Therefore, the use of dual and triple combination therapy is getting wider, and rational triple fixed combinations are highly relevant. The updated guidelines on the diagnostics, management and treatment of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology confirm and recommend early and wider use of the fixed-dose drug combinations. The paper reviews the main practical issues of the use of combination therapy, including key questions of the change from free dose to fixed dose combinations and their rational choice.

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Jarunchut, Chearakoon, Ichiro Hagiwara, and Maria Savchenko. "731 COMBINATION METHOD FOR TETRAHEDRAL-4 ELEMENT MODAL ANALYSIS." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2005 (2005): _731–1_—_731–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2005._731-1_.

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Harpreet, Kaur, Kaur Harpreet, Vandana Kamboj, and Vandana Kamboj. "Bioremediation of organic dyes using combination of plants ash." Foods and Raw Materials 7, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2019-1-240-246.

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Water is the most crucial thing to mankind and so its contamination by various agencies is posing a threat to the natural balance. So, in the present work, the efficiency of various adsorbents derived from plant waste, to remove different dyes from aqueous solution was evaluated. Parameters for study were contact time, concentration and pH. Various combinations of plant ashes were used for the study. It was found that adsorbent prepared from the combination of orange peels, pomegranate and banana peels ashes, exhibited good adsorption capacity for methylene blue, congo red and crystal violet. All these dyes were completely removed from the aqueous solution while methyl orange was not removed. Congo red was removed completely within 40 min of contact with the adsorbent while methyl orange took 3 hrs to be removed to the extent of 48% only. The adsorption coefficient of congo red was found to be 2.33 while value for methylene blue and crystal violet was 1 and 1.66 respectively. The characterization of adsorbent was done by Scanning Electron Microscopy and IR spectroscopy. SEM image revealed the surface of adsorbent to be made of differential pores. From the results it became evident that the low-cost adsorbent could be used as a replacement for costly traditional methods of removing colorants from water.

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Lohiya, Sham, BB Lakhkar, and S. Damake. "H1N1 with Measles, an Unsual Combination: A Case Report." Indian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Pediatrics 11, no. 4 (2019): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijtep.2348.9987.11419.5.

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Ci Yin, Ci Yin, Shiyao Fu Shiyao Fu, Yahui Zhang Yahui Zhang, Yanwang Zhai Yanwang Zhai, Heng Zhou Heng Zhou, and Chunqing Gao Chunqing Gao. "Beam combination at any angles with a multilayer grating." Chinese Optics Letters 16, no. 8 (2018): 080502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201816.080502.

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Sütçü, Murat, Hacer Aktürk, Serap Karaman, Manolya Kara, Zeynep Karakaş, Nuran Salman, Sema Anak, and Ayper Somer. "Bağışıklığı Baskılanmış Çocuk Hastalarda Posakonazol ile Kombinasyon Kurtarma Tedavisi." Journal of Pediatric Infection 12, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/ced.67037.

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Zhang, Xinshuai, Wei Cai, Bei Wang, and Yuguo Hou. "The advantages of the original combination over narrow lane combinations in multi-frequency GNSS orientating." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 19, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 681–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-190016.

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Win, Kyaw, Tin Thein Lwin, Yeye Thwe, and Khin Win. "COMBINATION OF MEFLOQUINE WITH SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE COMPARED WITH TWO SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE COMBINATIONS IN MALARIA CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS." Lancet 326, no. 8457 (September 1985): 694–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92933-2.

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Cox, A., A. Zambaninl, C. McIntosh, and M. D. Feher. "New drug combinations in diabetic hypertension; short term effects of low dose moxonidine-ACEI combination." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 50 (September 2000): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8227(00)81752-0.

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Chrysant, S. G. "Amlodipine/ARB fixed-dose combinations for the treatment of hypertension: Focus on amlodipine/olmesartan combination." Drugs of Today 44, no. 6 (2008): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dot.2008.44.6.1223895.

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Malyutina, Alina, Muntasir Mamun Majumder, Wenyu Wang, Alberto Pessia, Caroline A. Heckman, and Jing Tang. "Drug combination sensitivity scoring facilitates the discovery of synergistic and efficacious drug combinations in cancer." PLOS Computational Biology 15, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): e1006752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006752.

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Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan, Elena Guillotel, David Luque-Paz, Naouale Maataoui, F. Xavier Lescure, and Vincent Cattoir. "In vitro bactericidal activity of amoxicillin combined with different cephalosporins against endocarditis-associated Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, no. 12 (September 8, 2019): 3511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz388.

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Abstract Background The combination of amoxicillin with cefazolin could be an interesting regimen for the empirical therapy of severe infective endocarditis, but its activity against enterococci is unknown. Objectives To evaluate in vitro the bactericidal activity of the combination of amoxicillin with different cephalosporins including cefazolin. Methods Combinations of amoxicillin (at MIC×¼) with cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftaroline or ceftobiprole (at the mean free plasma concentration) were studied using time–kill experiments for 10 endocarditis-associated Enterococcus faecalis strains and 2 reference strains. Results The combinations amoxicillin/cefazolin, amoxicillin/cefotaxime, amoxicillin/ceftriaxone and amoxicillin/cefepime were synergistic at 12 and 24 h against 12/12 strains and amoxicillin/ceftobiprole and amoxicillin/ceftaroline against 10/12 strains. The combination amoxicillin/cefepime was bactericidal at 24 h against 9/12 strains, the combination amoxicillin/cefazolin against 8/12 strains, the combinations amoxicillin/ceftaroline, amoxicillin/cefotaxime and amoxicillin/ceftobiprole against 7/12 strains and the combination amoxicillin/ceftriaxone against 6/12 strains. Conclusions The combination amoxicillin/cefazolin is as synergistic and bactericidal in vitro as amoxicillin/cefotaxime or amoxicillin/ceftriaxone against E. faecalis.

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Luo, Jiaoyang, Dan Yan, Meihua Yang, Xiaoping Dong, and Xiaohe Xiao. "Multicomponent Therapeutics of Berberine Alkaloids." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/545898.

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Although berberine alkaloids (BAs) are reported to be with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral activities, the interactions among BAs have not been elucidated. In the present study, methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was chosen as a model organism, and modified broth microdilution was applied for the determination of the fluorescence absorption values to calculate the anti-MRSA activity of BAs. We have initiated four steps to seek the optimal combination of BAs that are (1) determining the anti-MRSA activity of single BA, (2) investigating the two-component combination to clarify the interactions among BAs by checkerboard assay, (3) investigating the multicomponent combination to determine the optimal ratio by quadratic rotation-orthogonal combination design, and (4)in vivoandin vitrovalidation of the optimal combination. The results showed that the interactions among BAs are related to their concentrations. The synergetic combinations included “berberine and epiberberine,” “jatrorrhizine and palmatine” and “jatrorrhizine and coptisine”; the antagonistic combinations included “coptisine and epiberberine”. The optimal combination was berberine : coptisine : jatrorrhizine : palmatine : epiberberine = 0.702 : 0.863 : 1 : 0.491 : 0.526, and the potency of the optimal combination on cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mouse model was better than the natural combinations of herbs containing BAs.

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Zhao, Wei, Kris Sachsenmeier, Lanju Zhang, Erin Sult, Robert E. Hollingsworth, and Harry Yang. "A New Bliss Independence Model to Analyze Drug Combination Data." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 19, no. 5 (February 3, 2014): 817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057114521867.

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The Bliss independence model is widely used to analyze drug combination data when screening for candidate drug combinations. The method compares the observed combination response ( YO) with the predicted combination response ( YP), which was obtained based on the assumption that there is no effect from drug-drug interactions. Typically, the combination effect is declared synergistic if YO is greater than YP. However, this method lacks statistical rigor because it does not take into account the variability of the response measures and can frequently cause false-positive claims. In this article, we introduce a two-stage response surface model to describe the drug interaction across all dose combinations tested. This new method enables robust statistical testing for synergism at any dose combination, thus reducing the risk of false positives. The use of the method is illustrated through an application describing statistically significant “synergy regions” for candidate drug combinations targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor.

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