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1
Costello, F. Conceptual combination: A theoretical review. Dublin: Trinity College, Dublin, 1992.
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2
Costello, F. Using world knowlege in conceptual combination. Dublin: Trinity College, Dublin, 1992.
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Costello, F. A model-based theory of concept combination. (Dublin): Trinity College Dublin, 1992.
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Pavlas, Petr. Definovat a kombinovat: Komenského projekt posledního jazyka. Červený Kostelec: Pavel Mervart, 2018.
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Todorova, Elena. Rimno-kombinatoren rechnik na lirikata na P.K. I͡A︡vorov. Sofii͡a︡: "Pensoft", 2000.
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T︠S︡yrempilon, A. O. Kombinatorika termina lingvodidaktiki i semiotizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ i︠a︡zykovogo znaka = Combinability of language teaching terminology and semiotization of language sign. Ulan-Ude: Izdatelʹsto Buri︠a︡tskogo gosuniversiteta, 2007.
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Word sense disambiguation: The case for combinations of knowledge sources. Stanford, Calif: Center for the Study of Language and Information, 2003.
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McEnery, Tony. Corpus Linguistics. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0024.
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Corpus data have emerged as the raw data/benchmark for several NLP applications. Corpus is described as a large body of linguistic evidence composed of attested language use. It may be contrasted against sentences constructed from metalinguist reflection upon language use, rather than as a result of communication in context. Corpus can be both spoken and written. It can be categorized as follows: monolingual, representing one language; comparable, using multiple monolingual corpora to create a comparative framework; parallel corpora, wherein, corpus of one language is considered, and the data obtained, is translated in other languages. The choice of corpus depends on the research question/the chosen application. Adding linguistic information can enhance a corpus. Analysts, human or mechanical, or a combination achieves annotation. The modern computerized corpus has been in vogue only since the 1940s. Ever since, the volume of corpus banks have risen steadily and assumed an increasingly multilingual nature.
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(Editor), Lorie Heggie, and Francisco Ordonez (Editor), eds. Clitic And Affix Combinations: Theoretical Perspectives (Linguistik Aktuell / Linguistics Today). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2005.
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Vvedenie v literaturu formalʹnykh ogranicheniĭ: Literatura formy i igry ot antichnosti do nashikh dneĭ. Samara: Bakhrakh-M, 2008.
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Hofland, Knut, and Stig Johansson. Frequency Analysis of English Vocabulary and Grammar: Based on the LOB Corpus Volume 2: Tag Combinations and Word Combinations. Oxford University Press, USA, 1989.
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Malchukov, Andrej L., and Viktor S. Xrakovskij. The Linguistic Interaction of Mood with Modality and Other Categories. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.7.
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This chapter surveys some of the most important findings in the literature regarding the syntagmatic interactions between linguistic expressions of mood and of modality and some other categories, and regarding how these interactions may be explained in terms of the semantic properties of the categories involved. After a preliminary exemplification of the syntagmatic interaction of mood with other categories, showing how infelicitous combinations are either blocked or reinterpreted, the chapter deals, in subsequent sections, with the interaction with modal and modality related markers, with tense, with aspect, with negation, and with person. It concludes with a further discussion of the factors regulating the interaction of mood with other categories, viz., most importantly, functional (in)compatibility, markedness and economy.
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Collocations and Other Lexical Combinations in Spanish: Theoretical, Lexicographical and Applied Perspectives. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Castells, Sergi Torner, and Elisenda Bernal Gallen. Collocations and Other Lexical Combinations in Spanish: Theoretical, Lexicographical and Applied Perspectives. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Castells, Sergi Torner, and Elisenda Bernal Gallen. Collocations and Other Lexical Combinations in Spanish: Theoretical, Lexicographical and Applied Perspectives. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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May, Stephen. Language Rights and Language Repression. Edited by James W. Tollefson and Miguel Pérez-Milans. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.11.
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Many historical and contemporary conflicts in the world today, while often ostensibly framed in ethnic terms, actually involve language—and by extension, language policy—as a key catalyst or concern. This chapter charts how the widespread practice of enforcing linguistic homogeneity within modern nations-states, based on the view that this will minimize ethnic and linguistic conflict, actually exacerbates it, forcing linguistic minorities increasingly into avenues and means of dissent. More broadly, it explores how this preoccupation with linguistic homogeneity at the level of the nation-state is an unhelpful artifact of a combination of the negative ascription of ethnicity, the politics of nationalism, and the promotion of an individualist conception of citizenship and human rights. It concludes by arguing that language policies that actively accommodate minority language rights are more, rather than less, likely to ensure political stability—promoting not just political democracy but ethnocultural and ethnolinguistic democracy as well.
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Lobina, David J. The derivations into the interfaces. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785156.003.0004.
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The structure of a given linguistic expression and the structure of the derivation that generates such an expression are two very different things; hence, they need not bear an isomorphic relationship. This chapter shows that the derivations of linguistic expressions are not recursive in the sense of computer science: there are no self-calls, and thus no deferred operations. Instead, the combination of merge, interface conditions, lexical items, and general computational properties brings about an iterative process, even if every stage of a derivation is recursively generated, keeping to the subtle distinction discussed in chapter 1 between recursively specified algorithms and the actual computational processes being executed at any particular point—in other words, a distinction between procedures and processes.
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Li, Wei. Codeswitching. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0018.
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Many psycholinguists maintain that bilinguals operate between monolingual modes and a bilingual mode. What this means is that bilinguals can behave as if they were monolingual by using only one of the languages they know. It is only when they are using more than one language in the same episode of interaction that they are in a bilingual model. Codeswitching is a term used to describe a range of linguistic behavior that involves the use of more than one language or language variety in the same interaction. This chapter focuses on some of the key issues of codeswitching for sociolinguists, beginning with a discussion of the terminological and methodological issues. Then, it provides a review of the studies on the motivations and structural patterns of codeswitching. Lastly, the chapter presents an alternative approach to codeswitching that views it as a creative performance rather than as simply a combination of linguistic structures.
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Zbikowski, Lawrence M. Foundations of Musical Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653637.001.0001.
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This volume makes a unique contribution to music theory by building on recent research in cognitive science and theoretical perspectives adopted from cognitive linguistics to present an account of the foundations of musical grammar. Musical grammar is conceived of as a species of construction grammar, in which grammatical elements are form-function pairs. In the case of music, basic constructions are sonic analogs for dynamic processes that are central to human cultures. This volume focuses on three such processes: those related to emotions, to gestures, and to dance. The first chapter introduces the volume and explains how this approach connects with previous work in music theory. The second chapter reviews research on analogy and shows how it provides a basis for analogical reference, which is fundamental to musical grammar. The third chapter describes the connection between music and the emotions facilitated by analogical reference. The fourth chapter explores connections between human gesture and musical utterances, and shows how both rely on the infrastructure for human communication that is also exploited by language. The fifth chapter demonstrates how music provides sonic analogs for the steps of social dances, and how music combined with dance has been used to structure social interactions. The sixth chapter focuses on the combination of language and music that occurs in songs, making clear how the different grammatical resources offered by music and language shape how meaning is constructed in songs. Detailed musical analyses are offered in each chapter, as well as summaries of the basic elements of musical grammar.
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Boye, Kasper. The Expression of Epistemic Modality. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.6.
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This chapter provides an overview of how epistemic modal meanings are expressed in the languages of the world. It first presents a survey of different types of epistemic modal expressions. Then some examples of morphosyntactic systems of epistemic modality are given. Next comes a discussion of different types of combinations of epistemic modal expressions. The section that follows deals with scope properties and with cross-linguistic tendencies pertaining to the ordering of grammatical epistemic modal expressions relative to other kinds of grammatical expressions. The final section is concerned with distributional characteristics of epistemic modal expressions in independent and dependent clauses.
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King, Daniel. Aretaios of Kappodokia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810513.003.0003.
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This chapter turns to the neglected author, Aretaios of Kappodokia, and his nosological writings. Aretaios develops an anatomically informed vision of pain perception which employs Aristotelian ideas about perception; he describes these symptoms in a manner which combines specific and formal medical terminology with more quotidian language and metaphors for various pain symptoms. This combination of linguistic registers helps provide a structure for the recognition and diagnosis of different symptoms and their conditions. Aretaios combines these two aspects of his nosology with a vision of the patient and his interaction with them that emphasizes their joint, heroic confrontation of pain and disease. Aretaios stresses, ultimately, the patient’s and doctor’s joint or combined confrontation of pain and disease.
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Wilshusen, Richard H., and Donna Glowacki. An Archaeological History of the Mesa Verde Region. Edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.16.
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The Mesa Verde region—extending from southeastern Utah to southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico—is the heartland of the earliest pueblos and an ancestral home for at least three of the four Pueblo language groups. Over the last two millennia, there were three periods in which Ancestral Pueblo population peaked and declined, with the last abandonment of the late thirteenth century the most well known. The combination of excellent material preservation, detailed tree-ring and ceramic chronologies, and the ability to integrate extensive archaeological, linguistic, sociocultural, and biological data provides a unique opportunity to research the Neolithic demographic transition, the ethnogenesis of historically known groups, the formation and abandonment of villages, and the role of historical contingency in making sense of the past.
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Barrett, Rusty. From Drag Queens to Leathermen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390179.001.0001.
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This book analyzes gendered forms of language use in several different gay male subcultures. The subcultures considered include drag queens, radical faeries, bears, circuit boys, barebackers, and leathermen. The chapters include ethnographic-based studies of language use in each of these subcultures, giving special attention to the ways in which linguistic patterns index forms of masculinity and femininity. In each case, speakers combine linguistic forms in ways that challenge normative assumptions about gender and sexuality. In an extension of prior work, Barrett discusses the intersections of race, gender, and social class in performances by African American drag queens in the 1990s. An analysis of sacred music among radical faeries considers the ways in which expressions of gender are embedded in a broader neo-pagan religious identity. The formation of bear as an identity category (for heavyset and hairy men) in the late 1980s involve the appropriation of linguistic stereotypes of rural Southern masculinity. Among regular attendees of circuit parties (similar to raves), language serves to differentiate gay and straight forms of masculinity. In the early 2000s, barebackers (gay men who eschew condoms) used language to position themselves as rational risk takers with a natural innate desire for semen. For participants in the International Mr. Leather contest, a disciplined, militaristic masculinity links expressions of patriotism with BDSM sexual practice. In all of these groups, the construction of gendered identity involves combining linguistic forms that would usually not co-occur. These unexpected combinations serve as the foundation for the emergence of unique subcultural expressions of gay male identity.
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Tymoshuk, Roman, Wojciech Sosnowski, Maciej Jaskot, and Yurii Ganoshenko. Lexicon of Polish and Ukrainian active phraseology. KJV Dig i tal Sp. z o.o, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/978-83-946640-2-2.
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Publication of the Lexicon of Polish and Ukrainian active phraseology gyi is an extremely important phenomenon in modern Slavic studies. Lexicon is the first work in the history of Polish and Ukrainian lexicography, which represents semantic correspondences of Polish and Ukrainian phraseological units. Among other types of word combinations, such language units are distinguished by their complex semantics, highly oriented to the national linguistic picture of the world. The advantage of Lexicon is that to its register included the most common phraseological units in the modern language, as well as phraseological innovations that had not been recorded in Polish and Ukrainian phraseological dictionaries until now.
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Pulju, Timothy J. English Is an Indo-European Language. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190611040.003.0015.
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This chapter suggests ways that Indo-European can be made relevant throughout an entire course on the history of English. Grimm’s Law and Verner’s Law, for example, are not just useful for demonstrating that English is member of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family. Rather, in combination with other, later sound changes, they have repercussions in present-day English. For example, they tell us that day and diurnal are not cognate, but that raw and crude are, as are seethe and sodden. An understanding of Proto-Indo-European linguistic phenomena, such as sound changes, ablaut, and the PIE active-stative verb system can be used to explain the structure of Old, Middle, and Modern English as well as aspects of English as it is spoken today.
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Krawatzek, Félix. Interpreting Text as Discourse or Using Text as Data. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826842.003.0002.
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This chapter presents a new multi-level investigation of discourse that combines network analysis with qualitative content analysis. This book is the first to employ this method for multi-linguistic comparative research. The chapter first develops an understanding of discourse, which seeks to address some of the challenges discourse analysis has faced. It then describes the sources, the sampling procedure, the process of qualitative content analysis, and the logic of the applied coding scheme. A final section introduces details of the discourse network analysis, which combines the unique insight of qualitative interpretation, and the structural insights derived through the rigour of network analysis. This combination can pre-empt some of the concerns that critics have voiced about new quantitative approaches to analysing text. Its added value lies in the identification of clusters in the network, which point to discursive formations that structure meaning.
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Din, Roshidi, Siti Sakira Kamaruddin, Angela Amphawan, and Mohd Nizam Omar. Basic discrete structures. UUM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670876177.
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Digital technology has pervaded almost all spheres of life.Due to the importance of discrete information in our increasingly digital world, familiarity with the underlying principles, concepts and operations on discrete information is inevitable.This book is intended as a basic course for introducing students to abstract mathematical structures to represent discrete information and relationships between them.These discrete structures include sets, sequences, permutations, combinations, functions, trees and finite-state machines which are predominantly used in computer science and data networking, and extended to fields which involve the organization, computation or optimization of objects from a large data set such as to botany, geography, chemistry, genetics, zoology, finance and linguistics. While the book is light, a good balance is struck between the teaching of basic concepts and the exposure to practical applications to demonstrate the relevance and practicality of discrete structures in modeling and solving real-world problems.
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Hydén, Lars-Christer. Embodied Memories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391578.003.0006.
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For persons with dementia, engaging in joint activities like storytelling is fraught with challenges related to the fact that fewer linguistic and cognitive resources are available, compared with before the disease. Of particular importance are challenges concerning finding words and names, constructing utterances and stories, as well as remembering events and stories—and the combined effect of these. Having fewer resources available makes it difficult to tell stories in conversations, to listen to others’ storytelling, or to identify and grab a turn in a conversation to put in a word. One alternative is for the person with dementia to use embodied resources. The person with dementia can use other resources in combination with abilities that are still fully functional. Instead of gestures accompanying words in a story, gestures can take the lead role, with words only stressing or supporting bodily gestures, or gestures may even replace words entirely.
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Hill, Virginia, and Alexandru Mardale. The Diachrony of Differential Object Marking in Romanian. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898791.001.0001.
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This book offers a comprehensive overview of the beginnings, development, and stabilization of differential object marking (DOM) in Romanian by combining two approaches: diachronic syntax and comparative syntax. The working hypothesis is that Romanian DOM reflects a typological mix of Balkan and Romance DOM patterns, and that the assessment of the mixed structures must separately quantify three DOM mechanisms in this language (through clitic doubling, DOM particle, and the combination of the above). Tests applied to these DOM mechanisms indicated the nominal domain as the repository for DOM triggers in Romanian, as opposed to the verbal domain in other Romance languages. The cross-linguistic perspective adopted in this book is instrumental for revisiting the DOM typologies in light of the variations shown to occur in the location of the DOM particle and the pronominal clitic (i.e., either on the nominal or on the verb spines).
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Butz, Martin V., and Esther F. Kutter. Decision Making, Control, and Concept Formation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0012.
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While attention controls the internal, mental focus of attention, motor control directs the bodily control focus. Our nervous system is structured in a cascade of interactive control loops, where the primary self-stabilizing control loops can be found directly in the body’s morphology and the muscles themselves. The hierarchical structure enables flexible and selective motor control and the invocation of motor primitives and motor complexes. The learning of motor primitives and complexes again adheres to certain computational systematicities. Redundant behavioral alternatives are encoded in an abstract manner, enabling fast habitual decision making and slower, more elaborated planning processes for realizing context-dependent behavior adaptations. On a higher level, behavior can be segmented into events, during which a particular behavior unfolds, and event boundaries, which characterize the beginning or the end of a behavior. Combinations of events and event boundaries yield event schemata. Hierarchical combinations of event schemata on shorter and longer time scales yield event taxonomies. When developing event boundary detectors, our mind begins to develop environmental conceptualizations. Evidence is available that suggests that such event-oriented conceptualizations are inherently semantic and closely related to linguistic, generative models. Thus, by optimizing behavioral versatility and developing progressively more abstract codes of environmental interactions and manipulations, cognitive encodings develop, which are supporting symbol grounding and grammatical language development.
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Haspelmath, Martin. An Implicational Map for Indefinite Pronoun Functions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198235606.003.0004.
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This chapter describes a two-dimensional implicational map for representing nine functions of indefinite pronouns. It first considers indefiniteness markers as grammatical categories, the use/function-based approach, and a geometric representation of implicational universals. It then discusses the implicational map for the uses/functions of indefiniteness markers and shows how it works with three languages: English, Russian, and Nanay (Manchu-Tungusic). The distribution of indefinite pronoun series over the functions on the map in each language is illustrated. These three examples demonstrate how the semantic map captures cross-linguistic generalizations about indefinite pronoun systems and makes universal predictions. The chapter proceeds by explaining the distributional schemas of forty languages that include French, Swedish, Italian, Romanian, Bulgarian, modern Greek, Lithuanian, Irish, Korean, and Persian. Finally, it looks at further restrictions on combinations of functions and earlier formulations of typological implications.
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Chaves, Rui P., and Michael T. Putnam. Unbounded Dependency Constructions. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784999.001.0001.
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This book is about one of the most intriguing features of human communication systems: the fact that words which go together in meaning can occur arbitrarily far away from each other. The kind of long-distance dependency that this volume is concerned with has been the subject of intense linguistic and psycholinguistic research for the last half century, and offers a unique insight into the nature of grammatical structures and their interaction with cognition. The constructions in which these unbounded dependencies arise are difficult to model and come with a rather puzzling array of constraints which have defied characterization and a proper explanation. For example, there are filler-gap dependencies in which the filler phrase is a plural phrase formed from the combination of each of the extracted phrases, and there are filler-gap constructions in which the filler phrase itself contains a gap that is linked to another filler phrase. What is more, different types of filler-gap dependency can compound, in the same sentence. Conversely, not all kinds of filler-gap dependencies are equally licit; some are robustly ruled out by the grammar whereas others have a less clear status because they have graded acceptability and can be made to improve in ideal contexts and conditions. This work provides a detailed survey of these linguistic phenomena and extant accounts, while also incorporating new experimental evidence to shed light on why the phenomena are the way they are and what important research on this topic lies ahead.
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Woolford, Ellen. Split Ergativity in Syntax and at Morphological Spellout. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.9.
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In a split ergative case pattern, not all subjects that could be marked with ergative case are. A language with a split ergative case pattern is called a split ergative language, but linguists disagree as to what other properties qualify a language as split ergative: an ergative case pattern in combination with a nominative-accusative agreement pattern, or an ergative case and agreement pattern in a language where no syntactic rules make reference to ergative case, or a language with two classes of verbs, only one of which takes an ergative subject. This chapter illustrates the well-known types of ergative splits involving person and aspect, and a range of less well-known types involving stage versus individual level predicates, proximate versus obviate subjects, and different social contexts. Most ergative splits appear to be present in syntax, with the clear exception of person splits which are argued to be purely morphological.
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Arregui, Ana, María Luisa Rivero, and Andrés Salanova, eds. Modality Across Syntactic Categories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718208.001.0001.
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This volume explores the extremely rich diversity found under the “modal umbrella” in natural language. Offering a cross-linguistic perspective on the encoding of modal meanings that draws on novel data from an extensive set of languages, the book supports a view according to which modality infuses a much more extensive number of syntactic categories and levels of syntactic structure than has traditionally been thought. The volume distinguishes between “low modality,” which concerns modal interpretations that associate with the verbal and nominal cartographies in syntax, “middle modality” or modal interpretation associated to the syntactic cartography internal to the clause, and “high modality” that relates to the cartography known as the left periphery. By offering enticing combinations of cross-linguistic discussions of the more studied sources of modality together with novel or unexpected sources of modality, the volume presents specific case studies that show how meanings associated with low, middle, and high modality crystallize across a large variety of languages. The chapters on low modality explore modal meanings in structures that lack the complexity of full clauses, including conditional readings in noun phrases and modal features in lexical verbs. The chapters on middle modality examine the effects of tense and aspect on constructions with counterfactual readings, and on those that contain canonical modal verbs. The chapters on high modality are dedicated to constructions with imperative, evidential, and epistemic readings, examining, and at times challenging, traditional perspectives that syntactically associate these interpretations with the left periphery of the clause.
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Fan, Victor. Extraterritoriality. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474440424.001.0001.
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This book examines how Hong Kong filmmakers, spectators and critics wrestled with a perturbation: What is Hong Kong cinema? Framed between the Leftist Riots (1967) and the aftermath of the Umbrella Movement (2014), this book scrutinises the interdependent relationship between cinema and politics by rethinking how Hong Kong cinema has been historically in-formed by dispossession and exclusion, rather than identity and belonging. It traces how Hong Kong’s extraterritoriality has been framed: in its position of being doubly occupied and doubly abandoned by contesting juridical, political, linguistic and cultural forces. It argues that filmmakers and spectators actively define and reconfigure Hong Kong cinema and media by fostering them as a public sphere, where contesting affects associated with these political lives’ shifting extraterritorial conditions and positions can be negotiated. Based on a combination of archival research, industrial studies, textual analysis and media and political philosophies, Extraterritoriality studies how creative works in mainstream cinema, independent films, television, video artworks and documentaries – especially those by marginalised artists – actively rewrite and reconfigure the way Hong Kong cinema and media are defined and located. These stylistically and political diverse works and practices seek – in their respective manners – to foster new ways to live with Hong Kongers’ double occupancy and double ostracisation that constantly deindividuate, desubjectivise, and deautonomise them, and how they can survive in their constant state of exception.
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Bunt, Gary R. Islamic Algorithms. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350418295.
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This book examines how Islam is digitally mediated across devices and contexts, in a constantly shifting framework of technological change, enhanced access and digital literacy, and proactive engagement in Islamic online content by authorities and influencers. What is the impact of this on societies, believers, and understandings of Islam? Islamic Algorithms provides a thorough exploration of cyber Islamic environments (CIEs) through representations of significant historical and religious influences across contexts and diversities. This ranges from jinn and angels through to contemporary influencers. Influence is built and developed across and within categories of interpretation, context, origins, and historical patterns - from the emergence of the Qur'an through to Islamic expansion in space and time. This includes the power dynamics of CIEs, incorporating a range of specific influences and ideas explored in Allah Algorithms. Religious authority and influence take multifarious forms, with underlying archetypal patterns that can relate to context and combinations of other factors and influences - traditional, historical, legalistic, cultural, genealogical, linguistic, interpretative and, in contemporary contexts - technological. Islamic Algorithms raises issues of how digital content is embedded in contemporary understandings of Islam and their dissemination. Gary Bunt shows how perceptions of pivotal figures in Islam are informed by new generations of digital influences, which present a primary source of information and dissemination within younger Muslim demographics, with user expectations commensurate with other areas of online expression – such as apps, interactivity, and peer networking.
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Cruickshank, Ruth. Leftovers. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620672.001.0001.
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Eating and drinking are essential to survival. Yet for human animals, they are ambivalent, proliferating with ideological, historical and psychological leftovers. This study reveals and mobilizes the provisional meanings, repressed experiences and unacknowledged tensions bound up with representations of food, drink and their consumption. It creates a flexible critical framework by bringing together an unexploited convergence of post-war French thinkers who use – or whose thought is legible through – figures of eating and drinking, including Barthes, Bataille, Beauvoir, Bourdieu, Certeau, Cixous, Derrida, Fischler, Giard, Kristeva, Lacan, Lefebvre, Lévi-Strauss, Mayol and Sartre. New combinations emerge for elucidating the intersecting effects of: incorporation; constructs of class, gender and racial difference; bad faith; distinction; secondary ideological signifying systems; provisional meanings bound up with linguistic traces; economies of excess; everyday ‘making-do’; the ethics of consuming the other; the return of the repressed; lack; abjection; notions of ‘eating on the sly’, ‘mother’s milk’, the ‘omnivore’s paradox’ and ‘gastro-anomie’. Possibilities for re-thinking with eating and drinking are further exemplified in cases studies of novels in which – often beyond authorial intentions – food and drink are structurally important and interpretatively plural: Robbe-Grillet’s Les Gommes/The Erasers (1953); Ernaux’s Les Armoires vides/Cleaned Out (1974); Darrieussecq’s Truismes/Pig Tales (1996); and Houellebecq’s La Carte et le territoire/The Map and the Territory (2010). New understandings of post-war French cultural production are revealed. But above all, the analyses demonstrate the potential – across genres, periods and places – for literary, comparative, cultural, film, gender and food studies of re-thinking with eating and drinking.