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Potter, Richard Ellis. "Information combination in two-step decisions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185920.
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Research examined information combination in both choice and pre-choice (screening) phases of decision making. Three experiments required subjects to review a set of multiattributed options for a possible purchase. Each option had either high or low expected probability of availability, and a set number of positive or negative attributes. In the first experiment, subjects were asked to indicate their preferred choices. Analysis showed that the majority of subjects multiplicatively combined the probability of option availability with other option attributes, as predicted by expected utility theory. In the second experiment, subjects were asked to eliminate unacceptable options, but not choose. Analysis showed that the majority of subjects additively combined information on negative option attributes (violations) with low probability of option availability, as predicted by image theory. The third experiment showed that when choice immediately followed screening, 28% of the subjects used multiplicative information combination to make the choice, 28% used additive combination, and both types of combination were equally dominant in the remaining 44% of the subjects.
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Fujino, Koichi. "Social Combination| Teaching Two Fa(u)lkners and Digital Literacy." Thesis, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3736801.
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<p> This dissertation explores the ways to teach the literary works of William Clark Falkner and William Faulkner to ESL (English as a Second Language) students in today’s digital environment. William Faulkner’s great-grandfather, William Clark Falkner, wrote romantic literary works, and William Faulkner critically uses the motifs of his great-grandfather’s works to establish his literary world. Applying Bakhtin’s dialogical theory, this study explores how these two authors imagine the social formations of the American South differently in their literary works. The coined term, social combination—which is defined as the individuals’ mutual effort to have equal relationships for a certain time—is used as a key term to examine how these two authors depict the characters’ personal relationships. William Faulkner employs his characters’ social combination as a resistance against the American South’s romantic illusions that are represented by William Clark Falkner’s literary works. William Faulkner’s historical perspective is beneficial for today’s ESL students, who explore their new egalitarian formations in their digitally expanded world. The last part of this study outlines how an American literary teacher can connect the works of William Clark Falkner and William Faulkner when teaching ESL students by using today’s digital environment. Using three digital platforms—Moodle, WordPress, and Google Drive—a teacher composes egalitarian relationships among class members and inspires students’ autonomous discussion on these two authors’ works. Through these activities, ESL students are expected to comprehend that the literature of the American South is not only the historical development of the foreign region, but the phenomenon that is connected to their own social formations.</p>
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Hammar, Björn. "Two New Corneal Diseases Characterized by Recurrent Erosions." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Oftalmologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17490.
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Recurrent corneal erosions are a common complication of superficial corneal wounds. They most commonly arise following a trauma, in association with various corneal dystrophies, or are idiopathic. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate two hereditary corneal diseases with recurrent erosions in order to find out if they had been described before, and more specifically to describe the clinical picture and the morphological changes, differentiate them from other known autosomal dominant corneal dystrophies with a clinical resemblance, and to exclude genetic linkage to known corneal dystrophies with autosomal-dominant inheritance and a clinical resemblance. The thesis is based on two families of subjects belonging to different phenotypes. The subjects from Småland (Dystrophia Smolandiensis) belonged to a six-generation family, which included 171 individuals of whom 44 were affected individuals, and the family from Hälsingland (Dystrophia Helsinglandica) included sevengenerations of 342 individuals, of whom 84 were affected. The individuals in both families were investigated by collection of medical history through medical records and questionnaires assessing different aspects of the diseases, pedigree analysis, and from clinical examination. Haplotype analysis was used to exclude genetic linkage of both diseases to known autosomal-dominant corneal dystrophies with a clinical resemblance. The morphological changes in Dystrophia Smolandiensis were investigated by examining affected individuals with in-vivo confocal microscopy and/or slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and examining corneal tissue samples using histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In Dystrophia Helsinglandica, the morphological changes were described using in-vivo confocal microscopy and/or slit-lamp biomicroscopy, but also using videokeratography and corneal sensitivity measurement. The main results were the findings of two new corneal disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by recurrent corneal erosions. In Dystrophia Smolandiensis the symptoms often started within the first year of life. The number of recurrences per year was highest from the onset and for about 30-40 years, and the duration of recurrence could stretch up to 21 days. The frequency of recurrences was variable in the disease from continuous symptoms to once a year and tended to decrease later in life. The risk of having recurrences did not disappear completely with age. Typical precipitating factors of recurrence were draught and a common cold. About two thirds of the affected individuals responded well to oral vitamin B treatment, but no other therapy has so far been successful. In Dystrophia Smolandiensis development of corneal opacifications or secondary scarring of varying type and degree was seen in about half of the subjects. Opacifications were first noted at the age of about 7 years, but usually first seen at the age of 20-40 years. Corneal grafting was performed in nine individuals, and recurrences were seen in all grafts. The corneal buttons showed epithelial hyperplasia, partial or total loss of Bowman’s layer, and subepithelial fibrosis in the light microscope. The deeper stroma, Descement’s membrane, and endothelium were normal. Confocal microscopy confirmed loss of Bowman’s layer and revealed that the corneal nerves either were normal in their sub-basal plexa or showed signs of regeneration. None of the morphological findings were specific. We believe that the opacifications are reactive corneal changes to repeated erosive events. The onset in Dystrophia Helsinglandica was usually at the age of 4-7 years and late-developing subepithelial fibrosis not significantly affecting visual acuity was seen in all affected individuals over the age of 37 years. The number of recurrences per year was highest from the onset and for about 20-30 years, and the duration of recurrence was usually up to about a week. The frequency of recurrences tended to decrease in the disease with increasing age, but did not cease completely. The precipitating factor of recurrence was typically a minor trauma. No therapy has so far been successful in the family. The corneal changes of affected individuals were classified into different stages from a nearly normal cornea to progressive fairly discrete subepithelial fibrosis of the central cornea. Discrete localized Subepithelial fibrosis in the periphery or mid-periphery (stage I) was the sole finding in 12% of the individuals. A more widespread subepithelial fibrosis, mainly in the mid-periphery, was found in 31% of the individuals (stage II). In stage III, the subepithelial fibrosis engaged the central cornea but did not affect the vision to a significant degree. In late phases of stage III small jellylike corneal irregularities could be seen. We believe that the opacifications are reactive changes to repeated erosive events. In conclusion this thesis describes two new corneal disorders – Dystrophia Smolandiensis and Dystrophia Helsinglandica.
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Hammar, Björn. "Two new corneal diseases characterized by recurrent erosions /." Linköping : Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 2009. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2009/med1114s.pdf.
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MacDonald, Stuart Gerald. "Two viruses associated with blueberry scorch disease." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29421.
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Blueberry bushes with scorch symptoms were found during a survey of blueberry fields in British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. Some of these bushes were infected with blueberry scorch virus (BBScV) while others contained a second virus which was sap transmissible to Nicotiana clevelandii, N. benthamiana, and N. tabacum cv. 'Havana 425' . This virus was purified from N. clevelandii and had isometric particles of approximately 30 nm in diameter, a coat protein subunit of 27,500 daltons and a tripartite genome. I was unable to transfer the virus from either infected N. clevelandii or infected blueberry to healthy N. clevelandii with Myzus persicae or Fimbriaphis fimbriata. Serological tests of this blueberry virus with antisera against members of the ilar-, cucumo-, bromo-, or nepovirus groups failed to indicate any relationship. In a subsequent survey using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, this isometric virus was found in blueberry plants from northern Washington state to central Oregon but has not yet been found in B.C.
Of the established members of the carlavirus group examined, BBScV is most closely related to potato virus S (PVS) and less closely related to carnation latent virus (CLV) and potato virus M (PVM). The difference in host range between BBScV and PVS would indicate that the BBScV is not a strain of PVS but is a separate virus that is related to PVS. Therefore, BBScV should be renamed blueberry scorch carlavirus (BBSCV).
BBSCV was also compared to a carlavirus isolated from blueberry in the Sheep Pen Hill blueberry growing area of New Jersey (referred to as SPHV). These viruses were compared serologically and by use of nucleic acid hybridizations. BBSCV and SPHV were found to be closely related and were concluded to be strains of the same virus. SPHV should be named the New Jersey strain of BBSCV.<br>Land and Food Systems, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Anglin, Anthony J. "An investigation of surface waves using a two-axis source-receiver combination." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA314966.
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Thesis (M.S. in Engineering Acoustics) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1996.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Anthony A. Atchley, Donald L. Walters. "June 1996." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Karsono, Dudhi. "Two-component injection molding: study on thermoplastic and rubber (T/R) combination." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1188322477.
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MOSELEY, BRIAN CHRISTOPHER. "INTEGRATING ANALYTICAL ELEMENTS THROUGH TRANSPOSITIONAL COMBINATION IN TWO WORKS BY GEORGE CRUMB." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1187014156.
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Karsono, Dudhi. "Two-component injection molding : study on thermoplastic and rubber (T/R) combination /." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1188322477.
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Raftoyannis, Yannis. "Comparative study of the patterns of encystment and pathogenicity of zoospores of Phytophthora and Pythium spp. on a range of axenically-grown angiosperm roots." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287382.
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Ilanko, Pavithra. "Antibacterial properties of Moringa oleifera alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/381166.
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An increase in antibiotic resistance and a corresponding decrease in antimicrobial discovery has directed researchers towards alternative antimicrobial therapies. For centuries, humans have relied on plants for sources of effective antimicrobial agents. However, studies suggest that plants also possess the ability to potentiate the activity of other antimicrobials. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of Moringa oleifera extracts alone and in combination with various conventional antibiotics, against the bacterial triggers of autoimmune diseases. The study will also analyse the qualitative phytochemical and toxicity profile of the M. oleifera extracts, in order to understand the chemical and biological characteristics of a plant widely used in various traditional medicine practices throughout the world.
The leaves, seed and pulp of M. oleifera was extracted using solvents of varying polarity. The antimicrobial efficacy (minimum inhibitory concentration) of these extracts were determined using a modified version of Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and a micro-plate liquid dilution assay. The different types of interactions between M. oleifera extracts and conventional antibiotics were identified through a liquid dilution assay (fractional inhibitory concentration). Any synergistic combinations were further analysed to obtain an optimum concentration and a synergistic ratio. Furthermore, an Artemia franciscana nauplii lethality assay was used to determine the LC50 value of the M. oleifera extracts in order to determine its safety as a future chemotherapeutic drug.
The qualitative phytochemical screenings show that generally, mid to higher polar extracts (water, methanol and ethyl acetate) were abundant in various antimicrobial phytochemicals including phenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids, with a few exceptions. These phytochemicals may have contributed to the greater levels of inhibition seen in mid-high polar extracts in comparison to lower polar extracts in the screenings. M. oleifera seed ethyl acetate extract performed exceptionally well in the screenings, with greater levels of activity than the ampicillin control, against Proteus vulgaris (12.6 ± 0.4mm), Acinetobacter baylyi (10.8 ± 0.8mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8 ± 0.8mm). Remarkably, twelve out of the fifteen extracts tested showed inhibitory activity against a strain of P. aeruginosa which has been previously shown to be resistant to a wide range of bacteria. A quantification of the antimicrobial efficacy as determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant revealed that most of the M. oleifera extracts inhibited the growth of at least four out of the six bacterial species tested. Generally, higher polarity extracts (methanol and water) inhibited more types of bacteria in comparison to the mid to lower polar extracts (chloroform, ethyl acetate and hexane). However, the most potent bacterial growth inhibitors were of lower polarity including M. oleifera seed chloroform (MIC - 357 μg/mL) and M. oleifera ethyl acetate (MIC - 500 μg/mL) against P. vulgaris.
A total of 450 different combinations of M. oleifera extracts and five conventional antibiotics were tested against six species of bacteria. Most of the combinations were either additive or non-interactive, which suggests the combination are safe to use together. However, a few combinations produced antagonistic results. Generally, a combination of gentamicin with higher polar M. oleifera extracts (water and methanol) produced antagonistic effects against Proteus mirabilis, A. baylyi and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid combinations of higher polarity M. oleifera extracts and gentamicin for therapeutic usage. A total of 27 different combinations (6%) were synergistic against the growth of four main bacterial triggers of autoimmune diseases. Eighteen different combinations of M. oleifera extracts (mainly lower polarity) with chloramphenicol, gentamicin and erythromycin were synergistic against the growth of P. vulgaris, a known trigger of rheumatoid arthritis. Similarly, lower polarity extracts were synergistic against the growth of P. aeruginosa and A. baylyi (triggers of multiple sclerosis). Lastly, M. oleifera leaf hexane was synergistic in combination with chloramphenicol against K. pneumoniae, a trigger of ankylosing spondylitis. Notably, several of the antibiotics that acted synergistically including penicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin were initially completely ineffective against the microbes tested.
Essentially, this project has identified combinations of M. oleifera extracts that can potentiate the activity of several antibiotics that are prone to various mechanisms of resistance. However, several metabolomics (HPLC-MS, GCMS, NMR), enzyme and efflux pump inhibitory assays need to be conducted in future studies, in order to identify any potential resistance modifying agents. This study also shows that M. oleifera extracts are non-toxic and can significantly improve the efficacy of current antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, they are ideal candidates as inhibitors of the bacterial triggers of rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and ankylosing spondylitis.<br>Thesis (Masters)<br>Master of Science (MSc)<br>School of Environment and Sc<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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Wilson, Alasdair. "The effects of combination antiplatelet therapy on smooth muscle mitogenesis after angioplasty for claudication." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165239.
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peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a limiting factor in the success of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is the development of restenosis secondary to vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of combination antiplatelet therapy on the ability of plasma, from patients undergoing PTA, to stimulate SMCs in vitro. We aimed to investigate the effect of combination treatment on levels of circulating adhesion molecules and factors which mediate SMC proliferation in experimental models. We also sought to demonstrate any association between changes in measured markers and the development of restenosis or vascular events. Methods Fifty patients were randomised to receive clopidogrel or placebo, for thirty days, in addition to their daily 75mg aspirin. To measure proliferative capacity, diluted plasma was incubated with 24h-growth-arrested rat vascular SMCs, and Extracellular-regulated-kinase (ERK)1/2 activation was analysed by Western blotting at baseline, 1-hour pre-PTA, and at 1-hour, 24-hours and 30-days post-PTA. Plasma platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), soluble (s)E-selectin, sICAM-1 (intracellular adhesion molecule-1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were measured by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), at the same time-points. Platelet activation was measured by flow cytometry of ADP-stimulated platelet fibrinogen binding at baseline and 1-hour post-PTA. Patients’ notes and all investigations were reviewed for 2 years post-PTA to record restenosis or vascular events. Results Samples were available for all 50 patients at baseline, 1-hour pre-PTA and 1-hour post-PTA timepoints. In this cohort ERK1/2 activation was significantly increased post-PTA in both the aspirin/clopidogrel and aspirin/placebo groups. Those who developed a symptomatic restenosis had a significantly higher level of SMC activation at the 1-hour post-PTA time-point. There was a statistically significant decrease in PDGF-BB, and increase in vWF, following loading with clopidogrel. sICAM-1 levels significantly decreased in the aspirin/placebo group following PTA. ADP-stimulated platelet fibrinogen binding was significantly inhibited by clopidogrel therapy post-PTA. Conclusions This is the first study to show in-vitro ERK1/2 activation (a marker of SMC proliferation) increases post-PTA. Patients developing a symptomatic restenosis had a significantly higher level of SMC activation at the 1-hour post-PTA time-point. Clopidogrel therapy had no significant effect on ERK1/2 activation, although it did reduce PDGF-BB in the larger cohort of patients. Further work is required to evaluate potential therapeutic treatments which may reduce peripheral PTA-induced smooth muscle cell activation.
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Hejmanowski, Ashley Q. "Allelic and genetic heterogeneity of two common genetic diseases." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1095309751.
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Hejmanowski, Ashley Quintin. "Allelic and genetic heterogeneity of two common genetic diseases." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095309751.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 137 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-137).
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Achilli, Francesca. "Characterization of two new mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446294/.
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The aim of this study was to phenotypically and genotypically characterize two new neurological mouse mutants arising from the Harwell ENU Mutagenesis Programme. GENA 201 and 202 mice are siblings. Heterozygous mice show poor grip strength and have a dominantly inherited phenotype. Homozygotes show compromised hind limb movement resulting in a more severe phenotype. Histopathology data from 15 days old GENA201 and 202 homozygotes showed a significantly reduced dorsal column in thoracic spinal cord sections. To identify the mutant gene underlying the GENA201 and 202 phenotypes, mutant backcross progeny were genotyped with a panel of markers spanning the genome. Both GENA 201 and 202 mutations were localised to a 5Mb region on chromosome 6 suggesting they are allelic. A point mutation (T > C transition in exon 5) was identified in the glycyl tRNA synthetase gene in both mouse lines, which charges tRNA with glycine. Glycyl tRNA synthetase mutations have been identified in two hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies, Charcot Marie Tooth 2D and distal spinal muscular atrophy type V, thus the gene plays a role in neurological diseases. GENA 201 and 202 mutants are therefore interesting animal models that could provide new insights in the understanding of new biological pathways involved in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies. To investigate the possible functional impact of the mutation, a protein assay was carried out. No loss of glycyl tRNA activity was observed by comparing Gar C201RI+ with wild type littermates. However, a reduction in activity was observed in Gar C207R/C201R mice compared to wild type and Gar C201RI+ littermates suggesting that the possible molecular mechanisms of pathology for the GarsC201R mutation might be some loss of function. In addition to GENA 201 and 202 lines, the BHV7 mouse line was also characterised. BHV7 heterozygote mice are significantly lighter than wild types and show an ataxic gait with retropulsion. Histopathology data from 6 month old BHV7 mutant mouse brain also revealed cerebellar defects characterized by loss of Purkinje cells. BHV7 is of potential interest for the study of ataxia. Genotyping of BHV7 mutants localised the mutation to a 26 Mb interval on chromosome 3. The two mutations are valuable additions to the scientific community and may be useful in the better understanding of the genetic basis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Curtis, Andrew. "Two families of holomorphic correspondences." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/7978.
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Holomorphic correspondences are multivalued functions from the Riemann sphere to itself. This thesis is concerned with a certain type of holomorphic correspondence known as a covering correspondence. In particular we are concerned with a one complexdimensional family of correspondences constructed by post-composing a covering correspondence with a conformal involution. Correspondences constructed in this manner have varied and intricate dynamics. We introduce and analyze two subfamilies of this parameter space. The first family consists of correspondences for which the limit set is a Cantor set, the second family consists of correspondences for which the limit set is connected and for which the action of the correspondence on the complement of this limit set exhibits certain group like behaviour.
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Paiba, Giles Abraham. "Epidemiological investigations into two zoonotic diseases : Q fever and orf." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297825.
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Khalifa, K. M. "Two-phase slug flow measurement using ultrasonic techniques in combination with T-Y junctions." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10195.
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The accurate measurement of multiphase flows of oil/water/gas is a critical element of oil exploration and production. Thus, over the last three decades; the development and deployment of in-line multiphase flow metering systems has been a major focus worldwide. Accurate measurement of multiphase flow in the oil and gas industry is difficult because there is a wide range of flow regimes and multiphase meters do not generally perform well under the intermittent slug flow conditions which commonly occur in oil production. This thesis investigates the use of Doppler and cross-correlation ultrasonic measurements made in different high gas void fraction flow, partially separated liquid and gas flows, and homogeneous flow and raw slug flow, to assess the accuracy of measurement in these regimes. This approach has been tested on water/air flows in a 50mm diameter pipe facility. The system employs a partial gas/liquid separation and homogenisation using a T-Y junction configuration. A combination of ultrasonic measurement techniques was used to measure flow velocities and conductivity rings to measure the gas fraction. In the partially separated regime, ultrasonic cross-correlation and conductivity rings are used to measure the liquid flow-rate. In the homogeneous flow, a clamp-on ultrasonic Doppler meter is used to measure the homogeneous velocity and combined with conductivity ring measurements to provide measurement of the liquid and gas flow-rates. The slug flow regime measurements employ the raw Doppler shift data from the ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter, together with the slug flow closure equation and combined with gas fraction obtained by conductivity rings, to determine the liquid and gas flow-rates. Measurements were made with liquid velocities from 1.0m/s to 2.0m/s with gas void fractions up to 60%. Using these techniques the accuracies of the liquid flow-rate measurement in the partially separated, homogeneous and slug regimes were 10%, 10% and 15% respectively. The accuracy of the gas flow-rate in both the homogeneous and raw slug regimes was 10%. The method offers the possibility of further improvement in the accuracy by combining measurement from different regimes.
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Alghamdi, Abdulrahaman A. "An adaptive educational system that caters for combination of two models of learning styles." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2378.
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This thesis aimed to explore the affect of combining two models of learning styles (VARK, and Honey and Mumford) in terms of students‘ learning gains and satisfaction. VARK focuses on how the students perceive learning, while Honey and Mumford examines how an individual would like to learn. A web-based educational system was built to test the combination of the two models of learning styles. A study to examine the feasibility of the system was carried out on 129 participants to explore whether the system presented tutorials according to their individual learning styles. A second study to investigate learning gains and user satisfaction was carried out on 149 participants. Satisfaction was divided into three main concepts: usability, preference and perception of learning. Learning gains were tested by giving participants a pre-test, a post-test and a confirmatory test. Participants were divided into four groups and had the lesson presented according to one learning style of either the VARK or Honey & Mumford model, both of the participants‘ learning styles or with no personal customization. The results found that participants who used the two models of learning styles showed higher learning gains and had higher levels of satisfaction across all three factors; compared to those using only one or no learning style. Furthermore, those using only one learning style showed higher learning gains and had higher levels of satisfaction than those with no learning style. The application of these findings would be of benefit to educational institutions‘ decision makers, educators, students and e-learning designers. Adaptation is a key feature of the system of research. It is intended for future work; preliminary research has shown that the users profile and learning item will change over time. This important finding is worth exploring in future research.
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Banja, Wakweya Dugassa. "Antibiotic use in two hospitals in West Wollega, Ethiopia." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1263.
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In the last decades, there has been an escalating consumption of antibiotics with the number of antibiotic prescriptions increasing worldwide. Overuse or inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in a major increase in the development of multi-drug resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the world’s most serious public health problems with great implication in terms of morbidity, mortality, and costs. To date, there has been no formal antibiotic use study conducted in the West Wollega zone of Ethiopia to assess antibiotic utilization. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic use in two hospitals in the West Wollega zone of Ethiopia, namely Gimbie Adventist Hospital and Nedjo Hospitals, using drug utilization metrics and the costs associated. In addition it was to assess the correlation between diagnosed infectious diseases and antibiotic prescriptions. This study was a cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive review of antibiotic usage in the two hospitals in the year 2007. Prescriptions dispensed in the first month of each quarter of 2007 were reviewed. The number of prescriptions screened, antibiotic courses started, antibiotic days by specific agent and overall, the cost of individual and all antibiotics, the number and type of infectious diseases diagnosed were collected from which core drug use indicators were calculated. The correlation between infectious disease diagnosed and the antibiotic days prescribed were analyzed. A total of 18568 antibiotic and non-antibiotic prescriptions were reviewed retrospectively in the four months of the study period, 47 percent of which contained at least one antibiotic. The average number of antibiotics per prescription was 1.33 and 1.09 whilst the percentage of injectable antibiotics prescribed was 83.2 percent and 3.76 percent to outpatients and inpatients respectively. Antibiotics prescribed from the Essential Drug List (EDL) and List of Drugs for District Hospital (LDDH) were 63.0 percent, 74.8 percent, and 90.8 percent and 76.1 percent for outpatients and inpatients respectively. 98.6 percent of outpatient and 97.0 percent inpatient prescribed antibiotics were actually dispensed. Penicillins and quinolones were the most prescribed antibiotics in both inpatient and outpatient departments constituting 43.46 percent and 24.08 percent respectively. The antibiotic utilization ratio, incidence of outpatient antibiotic use, incidence of inpatient antibiotic use, the number of Defined Daily Doses (DDD)/1000inhabitants/year and DDD/100 Occupied Bed Days (OBD) for the zone was 0.16, 17.25, 23.56, 158.61, and 70 respectively. Antibiotic cost constituted 33.7 percent of all expenditure on drug, cost of antibiotic per patient care day and cost per antibiotic day was 3.84 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) ($0.40) and 6.29 ETB ($0.66) respectively. The correlation between infectious diseases diagnosed and antibiotic prescription shows significant variation. At outpatient departments alone an average number of antibiotic courses started was 2.7 at Gimbie Adventist Hospital and 7.6 for Nedjo Hospital. When overall antibiotic days prescribed and required was compared in both hospitals, there were 2.4 and 5 times more antibiotic days prescribed than were required for Gimbie and Nedjo Hospitals respectively. This suggests that the overuse of antibiotic is worse in the government hospital (Nedjo Hospital) than in the mission hospital (Gimbie Adventist Hospital). This study suggested that there was overuse of antibiotics in the West Wollega hospitals although further investigation is needed to identify its underlying causes and nature. It is recommended that the health personnel, the hospital management, the zonal and regional Health Bureau, the regulatory bodies and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) work hand-in-hand to promote the rational use of antibiotics in this region so that the consequences and financial cost of antimicrobial resistance can be prevented.
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Lee, Yi-Chen. "EVALUATION OF SOYBEAN DISEASES AND PESTS USING TWO ADVANCED BREEDING POPULATIONS." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1927.
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Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is one of the most important crops in the world. The average annual yield losses due to soybean diseases and pests are estimated to be around 11% in the United States. Soybean yield losses due to sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by the fungus Fusarium virguliforme O'Donnell & T. Aoki have been problematic in majority of the soybean producing states. In recent years, reniform nematode (RN, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira) and frogeye leaf spot (FLS), caused by the fungus Cercospora sojina K. Hara have emerged as a major problem in the southern soybean producing states. Planting resistant cultivars is one of the most cost-efficient methods in managing SDS, RN, and FLS, therefore it would be critical to identify and map the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that underlie their resistances. Two soybean populations were evaluated in this study. The ‘Essex’ × ‘Forrest’ 77 near-isogenic lines were screened in the field to evaluate the disease index of SDS. The Essex × Forrest and ‘Flyer’ × ‘Hartwig’ recombinant inbred lines were screened in the greenhouse to assess the reproduction index of RN and the disease severity of FLS. The BARCSoySNP6k chip was used to genotype the two populations. Four QTL that underlie SDS resistances were mapped in the same region as Rfv06-01, Rfv06-02, Rfv13-01, and Rfv19-01. The Rfv06-02 interval in this study was smaller than the one previously reported. Rrr08-01, Rrr13-01, Rrr15-01, Rrr18-01, and Rrr18-02 were reported to confer resistances to RN. Rrr08-01, Rrr13-01 and Rrr15-01 were novel whereas Rrr18-01, and Rrr18-02 were mapped in previous studies. cqSCN-001 (soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) was identified in the same region as Rrr18-01, and Rrr18-02 whereas cqSCN-006 was identified in the same region as Rrr15-01. These findings provide further evidence that there are common sources of genetic resistances to RN and SCN. Rcs15-01 and Rcs15-02 were reported to confer resistances to FLS. Rcs15-01 was novel and Rcs15-02 was mapped at the same region as an Rcs mapped in a previous study. This indicated that Rcs15-02 has dual resistances to C. sojina races. Candidate genes were inferred in this study. The QTL mapped in this study could potentially be used in soybean breeding programs that aim to introgress genetic resources that confer resistances to SDS, RN, and FLS.
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Khalifa, K. M. "Two-phase slug flow measurement using ultra-sonic techniques in combination with T-Y junctions." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10195.
Full textAbstract:
The accurate measurement of multiphase flows of oil/water/gas is a critical element
of oil exploration and production. Thus, over the last three decades; the development
and deployment of in-line multiphase flow metering systems has been a major focus
worldwide. Accurate measurement of multiphase flow in the oil and gas industry is
difficult because there is a wide range of flow regimes and multiphase meters do not
generally perform well under the intermittent slug flow conditions which commonly
occur in oil production.
This thesis investigates the use of Doppler and cross-correlation ultrasonic
measurements made in different high gas void fraction flow, partially separated
liquid and gas flows, and homogeneous flow and raw slug flow, to assess the
accuracy of measurement in these regimes.
This approach has been tested on water/air flows in a 50mm diameter pipe facility.
The system employs a partial gas/liquid separation and homogenisation using a T-Y
junction configuration. A combination of ultrasonic measurement techniques was
used to measure flow velocities and conductivity rings to measure the gas fraction. In
the partially separated regime, ultrasonic cross-correlation and conductivity rings are
used to measure the liquid flow-rate. In the homogeneous flow, a clamp-on
ultrasonic Doppler meter is used to measure the homogeneous velocity and combined
with conductivity ring measurements to provide measurement of the liquid and gas
flow-rates. The slug flow regime measurements employ the raw Doppler shift data
from the ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter, together with the slug flow closure equation
and combined with gas fraction obtained by conductivity rings, to determine the
liquid and gas flow-rates.
Measurements were made with liquid velocities from 1.0m/s to 2.0m/s with gas void
fractions up to 60%. Using these techniques the accuracies of the liquid flow-rate
measurement in the partially separated, homogeneous and slug regimes were 10%,
10% and 15% respectively. The accuracy of the gas flow-rate in both the
homogeneous and raw slug regimes was 10%. The method offers the possibility of
further improvement in the accuracy by combining measurement from different
regimes.
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Prud'homme, Anne-Marie. "Studies on relative fitness of two races of Puccinia helianthi, in mixture, on sunflower." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66173.
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Hansson, Kristina. "User-Centered Extreme Programming Development : a combination of two software development process in theory and practice." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-549.
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Battrum-Mounts, Deborah E. "A comparison of two conventional sedatives-diazepam and droperidol in combination with fentanyl in surgical patients." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24474.
Full textAbstract:
One hundred patients who were to have cataract extraction and intraocular lens replacement carried out were randomly assigned to one of two drug groups. The purpose was to compare droperidol/ fentanyl and diazepam/fentanyl for the following effects: central nervous system depression, cardiovascular depression and ability to alleviate anxiety. Patients, psychology observes, and surgeons were not cognizant of others' opionons, nor of assignment of drug treatment group. Experimental design was a between group single treatment design. Psychological testing consisted of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory of Spielberger, Gorsuch and Lushene, and the Sensory/Affect ratio pain descriptors of Gracely, Dubner and McGrath. Opinion of ease of carrying out the surgical procedure was obtained from the surgeon, and opinion of the anaesthetic outcome was obtained from the anaesthetist.
While both drug combinations proved to be successful for use as a sedative adjunct to local anaesthetic for this type of surgical procedure some differences were found. Patients found the diazepam/ fentanyl combination provided for a less intense overall procedure, and had little if any recall of the procedure. The surgeons also found the patients less restless in the diazepam/fentanyl group. Anaesthetists rated the level of sedation as equivalent for both groups and found there was not a significant difference between the amount of sedation they observed.<br>Dentistry, Faculty of<br>Graduate
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Klann, Esther. "Regularization of linear ill-posed problems in two steps : combination of data smoothing and reconstruction methods." kostenfrei, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979913039.
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Infantosi, Antonio Fernando Catelli. "Interpretation of case occurrences in two communicable diseases using pattern-analysis techniques." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38047.
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Veeranki, Sreenivas P., Yan Cao, Shimin Zheng, Megan Quinn, and Liang Wang. "Two Faces in the Lung! Vitamin E and Respiratory and Atopic Diseases." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/88.
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Montoya, Vincent Keith. "Metagenomic analyses of two female genital tract diseases : bacterial vaginosis and ovarian cancer." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44333.
Full textAbstract:
Metagenomics is a rapidly evolving field that has facilitated the expansion of microbiology into new areas of human and environmental health. Metagenomic studies have expanded the phylogenetic tree of life by increasing taxonomic resolution in individual phyla as well as adding entirely new branches of life. This revolution in microbiology has been made possible by the introduction of second-generation high-throughput sequencing, the associated methods for preparing DNA sequencing libraries, as well as new bioinformatic algorithms for analyzing these new types of data. Because of the novelty of these methods, very few have been systematically tested for their sensitivities and specificities outside of the initial development process. As the interpretation of metagenomic studies utilizing these tools depends greatly upon their efficiencies in both detection and classification, it is essential to best determine the performance of each tool. In this study, a variety of novel techniques were utilized and tested in their abilities to characterize the microbial populations in two regions of the female genital tract: ovarian cancer tissue and the vaginal microbiome. Although a diverse microbial population was initially observed in the transcriptome sequence data for ovarian cancer using next generation sequencing, we were unable to recover these microbial sequences through PCR and Sanger sequencing approaches. Optimized methods were applied to healthy vaginal microbiome samples and tested for their ability to differentiate them from a polymicrobial disease of the vagina, bacterial vaginosis. In addition to a high correlation between a microbial scoring system for bacterial vaginosis, this novel metagenomic pipeline also revealed microorganisms not yet associated with the vaginal microbiome such as specific Bifidobacteria spp., various bacteriophage, and Debaryomyces. Collectively, both of these studies provide unique insights into each disease as well as illustrate both the limitations and potential of the rapidly growing field of metagenomics.
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MUSCILLO, ALESSIO. "Endogenous Diffusion in Social Networks. Two Cases: Infectious Diseases and Sharing of Knowledge." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1059090.
Full textAbstract:
Complex phenomena arising from the interaction of ``elemental'' pieces have been first studied in physics and biology, where such constitutive particles were given deterministic rules for their behavior. In that context it was already clear that even critical outcomes can result on the aggregate level in situations where agents' behaviors are ``mechanic'' and ``simple''.
In recent years, inspired by real-world phenomena, economics and other social sciences have also started to play a role in this very wide strand of research. On the one hand, by introducing degrees of rationality in agents' behaviors and, on the other hand, by allowing heterogeneity in their interactions and responses to endogenous and exogenous stimuli.
This kind of reasoning has proven itself of particular success when applied in the context of social networks. Research on such intrinsically complex objects blossomed naturally within the realm of sociology, however it was only with the advent of the Internet, with the availability of large databases and the application of mathematical techniques from statistical physics that the field has really started its golden period of prosperity.
In this dissertation we contribute to this strand of literature by focusing on diffusive mechanisms that naturally emerge in the context of social networks. The first example is provided by the contagion of diseases channeled through social contacts, with possible straightforward applications to the cases of diffusion of opinions or of bad habits. The second example under study is that of knowledge diffusion (sharing?), which is not only typical of the academic world but also of innovation-seeking environments, such as that of research-and-development firms, where a collaboration network is constituted by the individuals.
A common feature of these cases is the fact that economic agents can endogenously and dynamically adapt by changing their (local) network of contacts or their response. In both examples, though, the impact of a single agent's action can reverberate through the whole system via its contacts (and its contacts' contacts, and so on). In the context of social networks, then, it becomes particularly challenging to understand how local features (behaviors or inclinations) may propagate, amplify or dissolute when embedded in the whole environment. One crucial difference with other approaches lies exactly in the fact that ``local'' neighborhoods can indeed be very different from one another and, moreover, very different from the global situation, which is the outcome at an aggregate level.
This dissertation is structured as follows. The first chapter describes a model of diffusion of a disease between two different locations, where the agents are able to respond and adapt to this menace. A peculiarity of our model is the possibility of agents of deciding where (i.e. with whom) to interact, in the attempt of avoiding contagion while still obtaining the benefits coming from the interactions with other healthy agents. The analytical results show that such individual-level behaviors have crucially different outcomes depending on the ``world'' these agents are living in: in particular, the two globally different systems considered (one, ``globalized'', where connections between the locations are allowed and the other, ``autarkic'', where they are forbidden) exhibit crucially different resistance to exogenous shocks in the infection rate. Further research in this field is still needed, as this model is one of the few attempts in the economics literature at trying to embed rational and responsive agents in a dynamical model of diffusion on networks. Applications to systemic risk and systemic resistance can benefit from this kind of research as well as analyses of mechanisms where is prevalent the interplay between local versus global forces.
The second chapter deals with a classic dilemma in the economics and business literature, that of exploration versus exploitation, and links it to the achievement of results, i.e. to the notion of performance. Specifically, we follow individual scientists throughout their careers and use their co-authorship and citation networks to map their ``knowledge space'', in order to measure their propensity to explore, both in terms of new topics and of new collaborations. Econometric results shows that the relationship between exploration and performance tends to exhibit an inverted-U shape, hence supporting the theory that a ``sweet'' spot where performance is maximized might exist, at least at an individual level.
Further research on this topic is still necessary, for example to understand in depth the relationship existing (if any) between forms of ``social exploration'' (i.e. exploration in terms of collaborations and social contacts) and ``scientific exploration'' (i.e. in terms of changes of the subjects studied or fields of expertise). Moreover, the results and techniques developed here can not only be directly applied to bibliometrics studies, but can also be fundamental to give the right incentives (and, possibly, funding) to encourage long-term innovation-seeking behaviors.
The third chapter tackles the same research question, but from a different viewpoint: what is the outcome of that analysis when the production units are ``aggregated'' at the level of (departments of) universities? At this aggregate level, it turns out that, in contrast to what seen in the previous chapter, a U-shaped curve characterizes the relationship between performance and exploration. Moreover, this relationship is also complicated by the effects of resources and size of each university. This complication can be seen as evidence of how, at this level, the interplay between economies of scale and economies of scope can generate an overall complex behavior. In this case too, then, the individual-level and the aggregate-level analysis exhibit once again very different outcomes: this underlines even more the complexity that comes out from the interactions in systems composed by different layers and levels.
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Reames, Steve. "Detecting the Presence of Disease by Unifying Two Methods of Remote Sensing." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3120/.
Full textAbstract:
There is currently no effective tool available to quickly and economically measure a change in landmass in the setting of biomedical professionals and environmental specialists. The purpose of this study is to structure and demonstrate a statistical change-detection method using remotely sensed data that can detect the presence of an infectious land borne disease. Data sources included the Texas Department of Health database, which provided the types of infectious land borne diseases and indicated the geographical area to study. Methods of data collection included the gathering of images produced by digital orthophoto quadrangle and aerial videography and Landsat. Also, a method was developed to identify statistically the severity of changes of the landmass over a three-year period. Data analysis included using a unique statistical detection procedure to measure the severity of change in landmass when a disease was not present and when the disease was present. The statistical detection method was applied to two different remotely sensed platform types and again to two like remotely sensed platform types. The results indicated that when the statistical change detection method was used for two different types of remote sensing mediums (i.e.-digital orthophoto quadrangle and aerial videography), the results were negative due to skewed and unreliable data. However, when two like remote sensing mediums were used (i.e.- videography to videography and Landsat to Landsat) the results were positive and the data were reliable.
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Sampson, Coleen Anthea. "Reading practices in two urban multi-grade foundation phase classes." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1948.
Full textAbstract:
A full dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Education
Presented to the Faculty of Education and Social Sciences
2015<br>In Africa, throughout the history of schooling, many teachers have been confronted by the demanding situation of teaching two or more year groups in the same classroom although data on this multi-grade phenomenon is scarce. Although reading is a fundamental competency and the core of our curriculum, a gap exists in practice. In multi-grade classes the gap is wider as a result of the different grades and varying abilities within the grades. The present study was motivated by the researcher’s concern for the status of reading in all Foundation Phase classes.
This study answers one main question: How do teachers in two urban multi-grade classrooms teach reading in the Foundation Phase? The two sub-questions are: What are the current reading practices in urban multi-grade classrooms in the Foundation Phase?
What challenges do teachers of urban multi-grade classes face when teaching reading in the Foundation Phase?
The conceptual framework that was central to answering the two sub questions includes four theorists namely: Lave and Wenger’s (1991) Vygotsky’s (1978); Bronfenbrenner’s (1990) and finally Piaget’s (1972) stages of cognitive development including pre-operational stage and concrete operational stage. The literature review highlights the physical setting of the multi-grade classrooms, debates the advantages and limitations of urban multi-grade teaching, compares the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) 2005 and the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) reading curriculum, briefly deliberates the stages of reading development and finally discusses the variety of reading practices.
A qualitative interpretive case study research design was formulated to explore the complex phenomenon of urban multi-grade reading practices in the Foundation Phase. The first research question explored the reading practices found in two urban multi-grade classes, and the findings include four themes which are: stories, vocabulary, comprehension and reading. The second sub-question, focussed on the challenges the urban multi-grade teachers experienced.
In conclusion this study reveals that reading can be taught successfully in urban multi-grade classes. Teaching reading in multi-grade classes may foster the emotional, intellectual, social and academic well-being of learners. Secondly although the two urban multi-grade teachers faced many challenges, with the necessary support structures in place, these challenges could be minimized.
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Ssebuliba, Doreen. "Mathematical modelling of the effectiveness of two training interventions on infectious diseases in Uganda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85637.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Nurses, midwives and clinical officers referred to as Mid-level Practioners (MLPs) play
an important role in the health care system especially in rural Africa. With particular
reference to rural Uganda, due to the large shortage of doctors, MLPs handle most of
the duties usually meant for doctors, at health centre IV(s). From 2009 to 2011, two
training interventions of MLPs were performed at 36 sites in Uganda by the Integrated
Infectious Disease Capacity Building Evaluation (IDCAP). The two interventions were:
Integrated Management of Infectious Diseases (IMID) and On-site Support Services (OSS)
which aimed at improving MLPs’ case management for four diseases: HIV, TB, pneumonia
and malaria. In this thesis, we have developed three mathematical models to investigate
the effect of the two training interventions on these infectious diseases. All the models
are formulated using systems of ordinary differential equations which are structured in
three age groups: [0, 5), [5, 14) and [14, 50). We explored the effect of the two training
interventions in the context of malaria-pneumonia, HIV-TB co-infections and the four
diseases together. Our analysis shows that: i) For malaria-pneumonia, both IMID and
the combination of IMID and OSS reduce the number of cases, deaths and prevalence of
disease but have no effect on the incident episodes of disease. ii) Results from the HIVTB
model propose that HIV and TB testing are important steps in quality of health care
and are capable of offsetting slightly negative effects of reduction in ART enrollment and
provision of treatment. iii) The HIV-TB-malaria-pneumonia (HTMP) model concurs with
the results of the first two models and its results demonstrate that high coverage levels
of the training interventions increase the positive effects that the interventions have on
mortality and morbidity. Overall, our results suggest that training of MLPs is much more
effective for the short term duration diseases such as malaria and pneumonia, where the
baseline values for most of the performance indicators are ≥ 0.6, but not so much for
long term duration diseases such as HIV and TB, whose baseline values for most of the
performance indicators are < 0.6. The results further highlight that problems such as case
detection and drug stock-outs need to be addressed in order for training to have substantial
impact, especially in instances where the performance indicator proportions are low.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verpleegsters, vroedvroue en kliniese beamptes wat gesamentlik na verwys word as midvlak
praktisyns (MVPs) , speel n belangrike rol in die gesondheidsorg sisteem, veral in
landelike dele van Afrika. Met spesifieke verwysing na gesondheid sentrums in Uganda,
waar daar te min dokters is, hanteer MVPs die meeste van die pligte wat eintlik deur
dokters verrig moet word. Vanaf 2009 tot 2011 is twee opleidingsprogramme vir MVPs by
36 fasiliteite in Uganda deur die Integrated Infectious Disease Capacity Building Evaluation
(IDCAP) organisasie aangebied. Die twee programme staan bekend as: Integrated
Management of Infectious Diseases (IMID) and On-site Support Services (OSS). Beide die
programme stel ten doel om die MVPs se pasint bestuur vir die siektes MIV, tuberkulose
(TB), longontsteking en malaria te verbeter. Drie wiskundige modelle word in hierdie tesis
ontwikkel om die effek van die opleidingsprogramme op hierdie oordraagbare siektes te
ondersoek. Al die modelle word geformuleer deur gebruik te maak van stelsels van gewone
differensiaal vergelykings wat gestruktureer is in drie ouderdomsgroepe: [0, 5), [5, 14) en
[14, 50). Die effek van die opleidings programme word in die konteks van longontstekingmalaria
mede-infeksie, MIV- TB mede-infeksie en al vier siektes gelyk, ondersoek. Die
analise wys dat: i) Vir longontsteking-malaria mede-infeksie het beide IMID en die kombinasie
van IMID en OSS die aantal siekte-gevalle, sterftes en die prevalensie van die siektes
verminder, maar het geen effek op die insidensie van siekte-gevalle nie. ii) Resultate van
die MIV-TB model dui aan dat MIV en TB toetsing n belangrike aspek van die gehalte
van sorg is en dat dit die effense negatiewe effek van die afname in ART inskrywing en
voorsiening van behandeling, teenstaan. iii) Die MIV-TB-longontsteking-malaria model
(HTMP) stem ooreen met die resultate van die bogenoemde twee modelle en demonstreer
dat ho dekking van die opleidingsprogramme die positiewe effek van die programme op
mortaliteit en morbiditeit verhoog. In geheel stel die resultate van hierdie studie voor
dat die opleiding van MVPs baie meer effektief is vir die korttermyn siektes soos malaria
en longontsteking waarvoor die meeste van die beginwaardes van die prestasie-aanwysers
≥ 0.6 is, maar nie soveel vir lang-termyn siektes soos MIV en TB waarvoor die meeste
van die beginwaarde van die prestasie-aanwysers < 0.6 is. Die resultate dui verder aan dat
opleiding nie voldoende is wanneer die prestasie-aanwysers < 0.6 is nie en dat probleme
soos die opsporing van siekte-gevalle en n gebrek aan medisyne by die klinieke aangespreek
moet word vir opleiding om aansienlike impak te hê.
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Kazakova, Alessia. "Guidance and Practice in the Diagnosis and Management of Two Rare Inherited Metabolic Diseases." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38059.
Full textAbstract:
By facilitating timely diagnosis and treatment initiation, population-wide newborn screening programs have led to important reductions in morbidity and mortality for many rare diseases, including medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency and very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency. Newborn screening has also expanded the spectrum of disease severity for MCAD and VLCAD deficiencies to include a higher proportion of milder cases, raising questions about appropriate disease management. To date there has been no systematic attempt to characterize best management practices in terms of the guidance that is available to those who provide care for MCAD and VCLAD deficiencies; nor has there been an attempt to understand the extent to which current practices align with such currently available guidance. The two projects that are part of this thesis sought to address these research gaps with a particular focus on two key disease-specific management practices we identified in advance as priorities: the use of carnitine supplementation and the recommended duration of fasting.
The objective of the first project was to systematically review the quality and content of clinical practice guidelines and/or recommendations for the diagnosis and management of both MCAD and VLCAD deficiencies. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of citations retrieved from a comprehensive search of the peer-reviewed and grey literature. We appraised the quality of the reviewed guidance and extracted information on the content of recommendations. From the 25 guidance documents that met our inclusion criteria, only 7 incorporated evidence reviews, indicating that guidance in this field does not generally meet established methodological standards for the rigorous development of clinical practice guidelines. With respect to content, we identified unclear and inconsistent recommendations regarding fasting times and the use of carnitine supplementation. Further empirical evidence in these areas is necessary to inform the development of future rigorous guidelines.
The objective of the second project was to identify actual practices in the management of MCAD deficiency. We conducted a scoping review of published literature on treatment practices around the world and a secondary analysis of data documenting treatments received by participants in a Canadian pediatric cohort study. For the scoping review, citations retrieved from our comprehensive search strategy were screened by two independent reviewers. We extracted information on study characteristics and disease management. Our secondary analysis included longitudinal data for Canadian children with MCAD deficiency, born between 2006 and 2015 and enrolled in a cohort study at one of 13 centres. For both project components, we described carnitine supplementation and fasting times, overall and according to potential indicators of disease severity (genotype, biochemical phenotype). We identified 5 relevant publications in the scoping review and analyzed data for 107 children participating in the Canadian cohort. Management practices related to carnitine supplementation and fasting times for MCAD deficiency were highly variable based on both data sources. There was some evidence of an association between genotype and carnitine use, which, based on the scoping review, may be due to a relationship between genotype and carnitine deficiency. While actual practice was in some ways aligned with the guidance we reviewed in the first project, these results underscore the need for further evidence to address areas of uncertainty that have been prioritized by patients and families, clinicians, and health researchers, including questions regarding the potential to tailor treatment to predicted disease severity and an emphasis on controversial therapies such as carnitine supplementation.
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Özgür, Günes Yasemin. "Preclinical gene therapy using recombinant AAV vectors in mouse models of two human diseases." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASL092.
Full textAbstract:
Nous avons obtenu une preuve de concept pour la thérapie génique de 2 maladies génétiques perte-de-fonction.L'acrodysostose est une maladie osseuse et rénale causée par des mutations de la sous-unité régulatrice de la protéine kinase A (PRKAR1A). Nous avons testé les effets d'un rAAV9-CAG-humanPRKR1A dans un modèle murin KI. hPRKAR1A a été exprimée dans les chondrocytes de la plaque de croissance et les cellules tubulaires rénales. L'architecture des chondrocytes et la longueur du squelette ont été améliorées.L'AMN est une axonopathie tardive de la moelle épinière causée par des mutations du gène ABCD1.Nous avons construit et développé un vecteur, rAAV9- MAG-humanABCD1-HA (hABCD1), et testé ses effets dans un modèle murin KO de la maladie.L'expression de hABCD1-HA a été observée dans les oligodendrocytes (OL) et les astrocytes (A). Nous avons développé un vecteur ciblant les oligodendrocytes (OL), rAAV9-MAG-humanABCD1-HA. Les déficits neurologiques ont été prévenus avec un suivi de 2 ans.C26:0-lysoPC (VLCFA) était diminué dans la moelle épinière des souris traitées.Chez le primate, l'injection intrathécale du vecteur rAAV9-MAG a induit un niveau élevé d'expression de hABCD1-HA dans les OL et les A de la moelle épinière et du cervelet. Le ciblage OL n'avait pas été obtenu auparavant chez les primates avec d'autres vecteurs ou promoteurs, ce qui ouvre la porte à l'application humaine de notre vecteur dans diverses maladies du système nerveux central (SNC)<br>We have obtained proof-of concept for the gene therapy of two diseases.Acrodysostosis is a bone and kidney disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PRKAR1A). We tested the effects of a rAAV9-CAG-humanPRKR1A in a knock-in mouse model. hPRKAR1A expression was found in growth plate chondrocytes, and kidney tubular cells. Chondrocyte architecture and skeleton length were improved.X-ALD AMN is a late-onset axonopathy of spinal cord caused by ABCD1 mutations. We made an original rAAV9-MAG-humanABCD1-HA (hABCD1) vector and tested its effects in a KO mouse model.hABCD1-HA expression was observed in numerous OL and astrocytes. Neurological deficits were prevented 24 months after injection. C26:0-lysoPC (VLCFA), was lower in spinal cord.In non-human primate, intrathecal injection of the rAAV9-MAG vector induced high hABCD1-HA expression in OL and astrocytes of spinal cord and cerebellum. OL targeting has not been obtained before in primates with other vectors or promoters. This opens the door to the human application of OL targeting in a number of CNS diseases
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Alrubaiy, Laith Kadhim Qassim. "Developing two new health outcome measures to support the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, Swansea University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678275.
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Matheron, M., J. Matejka, and D. Bacon. "Distribution of Two Species of Phytophthora Within the Citrus Acreage in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215712.
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Pkvtophthora citrophthora and P. parasitica cause gummosis and root rot of citrus trees in Arizona. A disease survey was initiated to determine the relative distribution of each pathogen within the citrus acreage of Maricopa and Yuma Counties. Both pathogens were recovered at the same time from 75% and 17% of orchards containing Phytophthora in Maricopa and Yuma County, respectively. P. citrophthora alone was found in 15% of the groves containing Phytophthora in Yuma County, while P. parasitica alone was detected in 25% and 68% of the citrus plantings containing Phytophthora in Maricopa and Yuma County, respectively. This survey will be continued for another year. The potential value of this information for improved disease control is discussed.
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Brødsgaard, Camilla Juul. "Outbreak and prevention af American foulbrood and varroosis and the interaction between the two diseases /." Roskilde : Roskilde University, 1999. http://www.rub.ruc.dk/epublisher/Resume_outbreak_and.pdf.
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GERBINO, VALERIA. "Functional interaction of FUS with SMN: a common pathogenic pathway in two motor neuron diseases." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202169.
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Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) form a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterised by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons. More and more genetic factors associated with MND encode proteins that have a function in RNA metabolism, suggesting that disturbed RNA metabolism could be a common underlying problem in several, perhaps all, forms of MND, even if the particular step in RNA metabolism that is vulnerable in motor neurons remains unknown. FUS, a nuclear protein supposed to have several functions in DNA and RNA metabolism, forms cytoplasmic aggregates in cells affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and mutations disturbing the nuclear import of FUS cause the disease. We engineered mouse motorneuronal NSC34 cells to express wild-type FUS, as well as variants mutated in the C-terminal region and associated to familial ALS (R514G, R521G), a combination of the two single mutants (R514G/R521G), and a truncation mutant associated to a juvenile and aggressive form of familial ALS (R495X), and we showed that our cellular model well recapitulates the FUS-ALS phenotype of mislocalisaton and aggregation. It is extremely likely that the FUS cytoplasmic aggregates are cytotoxic because they trap important factors; the nature of these factors, however, remains to be elucidated. In this study we showed that mutated FUS colocalise with Stress Granules upon oxidative stress induction. Most importantly, mis-localised, aggregated FUS colocalises and associates with SMN, the causative factor in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMN is known to have a crucial role in the biogenesis and localisation of the spliceosomal snRNPs, which are essential assembly modules of the splicing machinery. Our results indicate that FUS and SMN work on the same pathway, as FUS binds to SMN and to spliceosomal snRNPs downstream of the SMN function. Pathogenic FUS mutations do not disturb snRNP binding. Instead, cytoplasmic mislocalisation of FUS causes partial mis-localisation of snRNAs to the cytoplasm, which in turn causes a change in the behaviour of the alternative splicing machinery. FUS, and especially its mutations, thus have a similar effect as SMN1 deletion in SMA, suggesting that motor neurons could indeed be particularly sensitive to changes in alternative splicing and that such alterations could represent a common pathogenic patway for ALS, SMA and – perhaps – other MNDs.
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Lo, Yuk-fai, and 盧育輝. "Comparison between tissue-based indirect immunofluorescence andenzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, two detection methods for anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46579266.
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Willemse, Chandre Monique. "Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic analysis of anthocyanins." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96675.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Anthocyanins are naturally occurring pigments responsible for the colour of many natural products,
including grapes and wine. These pigments are important to the food industry and have been
recognised for their nutritional value since they play an important role in the reduced risk of various
chronic diseases in humans. Anthocyanins also play an important role in the aesthetic perception and
quality of red wine. However, due to the large structural diversity of grape-derived anthocyanins and
the many derivatives formed from these during wine ageing, the accurate analysis of wine pigments
is extremely challenging. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) is mostly used for
anthocyanin analysis, although the technique often provides insufficient resolving power for complex
mixtures of anthocyanins. In addition, the lack of commercially available standards and identical
mass spectral characteristics hampers identification of these compounds. The coupling of multiple
orthogonal separation systems in comprehensive 2-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC)
offers a more powerful approach for the separation of complex mixtures. The current work therefore
focussed on exploring the potential of LC×LC for the improved analysis of anthocyanins and derived
pigments in natural products and wine.
The first part of this work focussed on developing a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)
method as an alternative to RP-LC for the anthocyanin analysis. Following extensive optimisation,
the method proved suitable for the analysis of a diverse range of anthocyanins in natural products.
Significantly, it also showed alternative selectivity compared to RP-LC. The optimised HILIC
method was then used in combination with RP-LC to develop an off-line LC×LC approach for
anthocyanins. For this purpose, half-minute fractions of the HILIC effluent were collected and reinjected
onto a RP-LC column. The off-line HILIC×RP-LC method demonstrated exceptionally high
resolving power, as measured in terms of the practical peak capacity, with many compounds separated
in two dimensions that co-eluted in 1-dimensional HPLC. Interestingly, group-type separation was
also observed based on the degree and/or nature of glycosylation and acylation of anthocyanins. In the final part of the work, a systematic approach was used for the development and optimisation of
and on-line HILIC×RP-LC method by using a 10-port switching valve to automatically transfer
fractions between the two columns. This method was then coupled to high resolution mass
spectrometry (MS) to allow the detailed investigation of anthocyanins and derived products in wine.
Ninety four pigments were identified in one- and six-year old Pinotage wines based on HILIC×RPLC
separation in combination with accurate mass MS data and fragmentation information. Significant
differences in especially the content of derived pigments were observed between the wines.
In summary, the methods developed in this work provide the means to improve anthocyanin analysis,
and therefore also show promise for the detailed investigation of these important compounds and their
alteration in natural products and their derived commodities.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Antosianiene is natuurlike pigmente wat verantwoordelik is vir die kleur van baie natuurlike
produkte, insluitende dié van druiwe en wyn. Hierdie pigmente is belangrik vir die voedsel industrie
en word gereken vir hul voedingswaarde aangesien hulle 'n belangrike rol speel in die verlaagde risiko
van verskeie chroniese siektes onder die mens. Antosianiene speel ook 'n belangrike rol in die
estetiese persepsie en kwaliteit van rooiwyn. Desnieteenstaande, as gevolg van die groot strukturele
diversiteit van druifgeproduseerde antosianiene en die vele chemiese afgeleides wat uit hulle gevorm
kan word tydens wyn bereiding en veroudering, is die akkurate analise van natuurlike wyn-pigmente
uiters uitdagend. Omgekeerde-fase vloeistofchromatografie (RP-LC) word meestal gebruik vir die
analise van antosianiene. Dié tegniek bied egter dikwels onvoldoende skeidingsvermoë vir komplekse
mengsels van antosianiene en verwante molekules. Verder belemmer die onbeskikbaarheid van
kommersiële standaarde en identiese massa spektrale eienskappe die identifikasie van hierdie
verbindings. Die kombinasie van verskillende ortogonale skeidings meganismes in omvattende 2-
dimensionele vloeistofchromatografie (LC×LC) bied egter 'n baie kragtiger benadering vir die
skeiding van komplekse mengsels. Die huidige werk fokus dus op die ontginning van die potensiaal
van LC×LC vir die verbeterde ontleding van antosianiene en verwante afgeleide pigmente in
natuurlike produkte en wyn.
Die eerste deel van hierdie werk het gefokus op die ontwikkeling van 'n hidrofiliese interaksie
chromatografiese (HILIC) metode as ʼn alternatief vir RP-LC analise van antosianiene. Na uitgebreide
optimisering, is gevind dat die metode geskik is vir die ontleding van 'n verskeidenheid van
antosianiene in natuurlike produkte. Van groot belang is dat dit ook alternatiewe selektiwiteit in
vergelyking met RP-LC demonstreer. Hierdie geoptimiseerde HILIC metode word dan voorts gebruik
in kombinasie met RP-LC vir die ontwikkeling van ʼn af-lyn LC×LC benadering vir die analise van
antosianiene. Hiervoor is half-minuut fraksies van die HILIC uitvloei opgevang en her-ingespuit op
'n RP-LC kolom. Dié af-lyn HILIC×RP-LC metode toon buitengewoon hoë skeidingsvermoë, gemeet
in terme van die bereikbare praktiese piek kapasiteit, met baie verbindings wat geskei is in die twee
dimensies wat saam elueer in 1-dimensionele HPLC. Interessant genoeg is groep-tipe skeiding ook
waargeneem gebaseer op die graad en / of aard van glukosilasie en asilering van die antosianiene. In
die laaste deel van die werk, is 'n sistematiese benadering gevolg vir die ontwikkeling en optimisering
van ʼn aan-lyn HILIC×RP-LC deur gebruik te maak van 'n 10-poort oorskakelingsklep wat fraksies
outomaties oordra tussen die twee kolomme. Die bogenoemde metode is ook verder gekoppel aan
hoë resolusie massaspektrometrie (HR-MS) om ʼn gedetailleerde ondersoek van antosianiene en hulle
afgeleide verbindings in wyn moontlik te maak. Vier en negentig pigmente is in een- en ses jaar oue
Pinotage wyne geïdentifiseer gebaseer op HILIC×RP-LC skeiding in kombinasie met akkurate massa
MS data en fragmentasie inligting. Beduidende verskille in veral die inhoud van antosianien-afgeleide
pigmente is tussen die wyne waargeneem.
Ter samevatting, die metodes ontwikkel in hierdie werk baan die weg om antosianien ontleding te
verbeter en stel gevolglik die moontlikheid van selfs meer gedetailleerde studies van hierdie
belangrike verbindings in natuurlike produkte in die vooruitsig.
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Sundblom, Jimmy. "Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy with Autonomic Symptoms and Rippling Muscle Disease : Translational Studies of Two Neurogenetic Diseases." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Neurologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-162048.
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There is a large variety of diseases caused by single-gene mutations. Although most of these conditions are rare, together they impose a significant burden to the population. This thesis describes clinical and genetic studies of two single-gene diseases: 1) Adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with autonomic symptoms (ADLD) caused by LMNB1 gene duplications, and characterized by autonomic, pyramidal and cerebellar symptoms. Spinal cords of patients with ADLD were studied by MRI and found to be thin, with high signal intensity in white matter. Histopathology showed loss of myelinated fibres with some reactive gliosis. DNA samples from four different families with ADLD were obtained, and the LMNB1 gene was screened for duplications. Single nucleotide polymorphism array revealed LMNB1 duplications in all ADLD families. LMNB1 mRNA and protein levels were assessed in white blood cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, and increased levels of LMNB1 mRNA and lamin B1 protein could be demonstrated. We concluded that spinal cord atrophy in patients with ADLD is a valuable differential diagnostic sign, and that increased levels of LMNB1 can be detected in peripheral blood. 2) Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is caused by CAV3 gene mutations. Clinical features are percussion-induced muscle mounding, –rapid contractions and undulating muscle contractions (rippling). The CAV3 gene was sequenced in 38 members of a family with RMD. Twenty-two individuals had clinical features of RMD. No muscle weakness was seen. All patients with signs of RMD carried the p.A46T CAV3 mutation, showing that the p.A46T mutation was benign and that the diagnosis can be made clinically. In vitro contracture test results from 10 of the subjects were collected, but no association between pathological test results and RMD was found.
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Raess, Matthieu. "Deciphering the functional and molecular differences between MTM1 and MTMR2 to better understand two neuromuscular diseases." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ088.
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MTM1 et MTMR2 sont 2 phosphatases de phosphoinositides appartenant à la famille des myotubularines, conservée pendant l’évolution. Bien qu’étant très similaires, des mutations dans MTM1 entraînent la sévère myopathie XLCNM alors que les mutations dans MTMR2 entraînent la neuropathie CMT4B. On ne comprend pas encore les bases moléculaires de cette spécificité de tissu, et il n’existe aucun traitement spécifique pour ces maladies. J’ai tout d’abord caractérisé l’activité des 2 isoformes endogènes de MTMR2, nommés MTMR2-L et MTMR2-S. J’ai démontré que la différence fonctionnelle entre MTM1 et MTMR2 s’explique principalement par l’extension N-terminale de MTMR2, et que l’isoforme MTMR2-S dépourvu de cette extension entraîne les mêmes phénotypes que MTM1. Ensuite, grâce à l’injection d’AAV dans les souris Mtm1 KO, j’ai démontré que l’expression exogène des isoformes de MTMR2, et surtout de MTMR2-S, améliore grandement l’atrophie musculaire, la force musculaire et les marqueurs histologiques de ces souris myopathiques. Ces résultats révèlent une première base moléculaire expliquant les spécificités fonctionnelles de MTM1 et MTMR2, et montrent que MTMR2 est une cible thérapeutique potentielle pour la myopathie XLCNM<br>MTM1 and MTMR2 are 2 phosphatases of phosphoinositides that belong to the myotubularin family conserved through evolution. Despite their high level of similarity, mutations in MTM1 lead to the severe XLCNM myopathy while mutations in MTMR2 lead to the CMT4B neuropathy. The molecular bases for the surprising tissue-specific functions of these ubiquitously expressed proteins was unclear. Moreover, there is no specific therapy for these diseases.I first characterized the activity of the two naturally occurring isoforms of MTMR2, that we named MTMR2-L (long) and MTMR2-S (short). I found that the functional differences between MTM1 and MTMR2 reside mostly in the N-terminal extension of MTMR2-L, and that the endogenous MTMR2-S isoform lacking this N-terminal extension behaves similarly as MTM1. Then, using the myopathic Mtm1 KO mouse and AAV-mediated expression, I showed that exogenous expression of MTMR2 isoforms, and specifically of MTMR2-S, strongly improved the muscle atrophy, muscle force and the histological hallmarks of the myopathic mice. These data reveal a first molecular basis for the functional specificities of MTM1 and MTMR2, and highlight MTMR2 as a therapeutic target for XLCNM myopathy
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Ellwood, Simon. "Characterisation of two powdery mildew diseases of Arabidopsis thaliana and positional cloning of a resistance gene." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302226.
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Ong, Kai Li. "SNFing Glucose to PASs Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Role of Two Sensory Protein Kinases in Metabolic Diseases." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8587.
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Mitochondria is no longer viewed as merely a powerhouse of the cell. It is now apparentthat mitochondria play a central role in signaling, maintaining cellular homeostasis and cell fate.Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to many human diseases caused by cellular metabolicderegulation, such as obesity, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease andcancer. Eukaryotic organisms have evolved an efficient way in sensing, communicating andresponding to cellular stress and regulating mitochondrial activity correspondingly through acomplex network of intercommunicating protein kinases and their downstream effectors. Thisdissertation focuses on the interplay of two of the master metabolic regulators in the cell: AMPKand PASK, and characterization of the functions of their downstream substrates: OSBP andMED13. AMPK is an energy sensing kinase that maintains energy homeostasis in the cell,whereas PASK is a nutrient sensing kinase that regulates glucose partitioning and respiration inthe cell. Both kinases play important roles in mitochondrial function and regulation, anddeficiency in either kinase has been found to associate with various human pathologies. Furthercharacterization of the cross-talk and molecular mechanisms of both kinases in controllingmitochondrial health and function may aid in the identification of new targets for treatingmetabolic diseases.
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To, Hai Tung. "Developement of new alkoxyamines releasing free radicals against the two major parasitic diseases : malaria and schistomiasis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0648.
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Dans ce travail, nous avons développé des alkoxyamines destinées à devenir une nouvelle méthode pour le traitement simultané du paludisme et de la schistosomiase. Le mécanisme d'action est proposé sur le principe de la chimie radicalaire de même que pour l'artémésinine. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous nous sommes intéressés aux nouveaux types d'alcoxyamines contenant différents cycles aromatiques tel que les terpyridines, les terphényles, les phénanthrolines et les quinoléines. Toutes les alcoxyamines synthétisées ont été étudiées pour leurs propriétés physiques et chimiques, en particulier l'homolyse qui était considéré comme le processus clé de la nouvelle méthode thérapeutique. Les essais biologiques initiaux sur des parasites anti-plasmodium et anti-schistosomes ont montré des résultats prometteurs. Trois composés présentent des bons résultats en termes d’activités anti-plasmodiales avec des valeurs de CI50 inférieures à 0,3 μM. Cependant, les indices de sélectivité de tous les composés sont assez faibles (inférieurs à 10). Aucune sélectivité n’a été observée quand à la destruction des parasites et des cellules normales. En outre, l’expérience initiale sur le mécanisme a confirmé que les alcoxyamines-terpyridine ne suivaient pas l’alkylation de l’hème comme l’artémisinine. Avec les activités anti-schistosomales, les alcoxyamines synthétisées peuvent réagir comme le Praziquantel à une concentration élevée (100 μg/mL) tandis qu’à une concentration faible (10 μg/mL), toutes les alcoxyamines testées deviennent inactives<br>In this work, we have developed alkoxyamines aimed to become new therapy for the simultaneous treatment of Malaria and Schistosomiasis. The proposed mechanism of drug action was based on that of artemesinin, the radical chemistry. There are new types of alkoxyamines containing different aromatic rings: terpyridine, terphenyl, phenanthroline and quinoline. All the synthesized alkoxyamines were investigated the physical and chemical properties, especially the homolysis, which was the key process of the new therapeutic method. The initial bioassays in anti-plasmodium and anti-schistosoma parasites showed the promising results. There were three compounds having the good results in anti-plasmodial activities with the IC50 values below 0.3 μM. However, the selectivity indexes of all compounds were low (below 10), therefore there was no selection for the killing of parasites and normal cells. In addition, the initial of mechanism experiment confirmed that alkoxyamines-terpyridine did not follow the alkylation of the Heme like Artemisinin. With the anti-schistosomal activities, the alkoxyamines were active as well as the Praziquantel at the high concentration (100 μg/mL) but at low the concentration (10 μg/mL) the anti-schistosomal activities of all tested alkoxyamines were inactive
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Mason, Lisa Ringhausen. "Comparison of two methods of teaching the diabetic diet to elderly women." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42118.
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Thirty females, 55 to 70 years old, participated in an investigation comparing two methods of teaching the diabetic diet. Subjects were required to take the WRAT-R, a test which assessed their reading capabilities. Only those scoring at the seventh grade level or below qualified for this investigation. Following the test, subjects were assigned to one of two groups. Participants in Group 1 received one-on-one instructions of Healthy Food Choices, whereas participants in Group 2 received videotaped instructions of Healthy Food Choices. Healthy Food Choices is a more simplified meal planning tool designed for those that cannot understand the concepts of the Exchange Lists for Meal Planning.
Participants were instructed by the researcher, either on videotape or one-on-one. A follow-up visit occurred in a mean of 10.3 days to assess comprehension of the instructions provided. Each participant was contacted again by telephone in a mean of 28.7 days from the follow-up visit to assess long-term retention of the instructions they were provided. The sample menu collected from the two contacts provided data on choice deletions and additions. These data were analyzed by t-tests. There were no statistically significant differences found between diabetic diet instructions done by videotape or one-on-one at either follow-up visit or telephone contact. In this sample, videotaped instructions of the diabetic diet were just as effective as one-on-one instructions.<br>Master of Science
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Clark, Lee J., and Ronald E. Cluff. "Response of Texas Root Rot to Two Sterol-Inhubiting Fungicides and a Soil Sterilant in Graham County, 1986." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204509.
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Ozaki, Norio, Yuichiro Ono, Keizo Yoshida, et al. "Combination use of Beck Depression Inventory and two-question case-finding instrument as a screening tool for depression in the workplace." Thesis, BMJ Publishing Group, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18820.
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FOLEY, SARAH VERONICA. "ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN MENTAL RETARDATION OF CHILDREN FROM TWO CULTURES: IMPLICATIONS FOR ASSESSMENT." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183912.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of known etiological factors in mildly mentally handicapped students across minority and nonminority groups and to examine the similarities of these patterns. A comparison of early diagnoses was also made. The total population of all children labeled Educable Mentally Handicapped (EMH) and attending regular elementary schools within one of the largest districts in the southwest served as the sample for the present study. There were 128 children, 64 minorities and 64 nonminorities. The student records were reviewed for data regarding etiological factors, previous diagnoses and early medical factors. A pilot study which involved administering a questionnaire to a sample to twenty-eight social workers was conducted to ascertain the validity of obtained data. Eight specific hypotheses were addressed. A Chi-Square analysis yielded information about the patterns of category similarities (congenital, prenatal, perinatal, postnatal and familial), between two groups as well as the presence of professional diagnosis. A set of five factorial analysis of variance were performed to examine the impact of age, number of symptoms, presence of professional diagnosis and length of hospital stay on IQ scores of children in both groups. A discriminant function analysis was performed to determine the discriminatory power of four variables (IQ, length of hospital stay, number of symptoms and presence of professional diagnosis). The prevalence of perinatal and postnatal symptoms and diagnoses occurred with high frequency for both groups. Congenital factors occurred significantly more for the nonminority group. The findings indicated that there were no significant differences across minority and nonminority groups in terms of intellectual functioning due to the impact of the four previously mentioned variables. Consistent with the ANOVA results, the information obtained from the discriminant function analysis suggests similarity of the two groups in terms of the four variables. The results were discussed in relation to the utility of early etiological information and the importance of such research. The implications of such findings for placement of children in general in these classes or for the children from minority groups in particular, were emphasized.